CN102588950B - 一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置 - Google Patents
一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102588950B CN102588950B CN201210052901.6A CN201210052901A CN102588950B CN 102588950 B CN102588950 B CN 102588950B CN 201210052901 A CN201210052901 A CN 201210052901A CN 102588950 B CN102588950 B CN 102588950B
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- fire grate
- furnace grate
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- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
本发明公布了一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置，现有的焚烧炉，燃料混合不够良好、燃烧不充分导致热效率较低、炉排系统的检修、维护费用高，本发明采用两段复合结构，前段往复式炉排上，废弃物被干燥、气化和部分燃烧，未燃尽部分落在后端旋转炉排装置上后，被挤压破碎，充分混合后再燃尽。往复炉排采用多风口分段布风方式起到合理配风，长的后拱增加炉排上的辐射热，有利于低热值废弃物的着火。本发明有效改善传统炉排焚烧装置混合差，燃尽率低的不足，同时可以减少耐高温炉排片面积，减少投资。
Description
一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于环境工程领域，尤其是一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排
>J-U ρςα装直。
背景技术
[0002]目前，焚烧是处理废弃物十分有效的方法，可以最大化的实现城市生活废弃物的减量化、无害化和资源化。在众多的废弃物焚烧设备中，炉排炉是一个主力炉型。目前我国绝大部分的炉排炉或借鉴国外已有的焚烧炉，引进或仿制国外的炉型或设备系统；或以一般燃煤锅炉或其他工业炉为参考，将这些燃烧技术和工艺移植过来进行废弃物焚烧处理。但是由于我国废弃物组分的特殊性加上在炉排焚烧技术和设备开发研究基础的薄弱，目前我国绝大部分的焚烧炉排炉都存在很多问题，燃料混合不够良好、燃烧不充分导致热效率较低、炉排系统的检修、维护费用高等。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供了一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置，该装置包括炉膛，给料系统，灰渣收集系统，配风系统以及两段式炉排装置。所述的灰渣收集系统包括清灰门、落灰口以及卸料锥形漏斗和料封管，所述的配风系统包括一次风口，一号二次风口、二号二次风口、三号二次风口和三次风口，所述的两段式炉排装置包括前段往复式炉排和后段旋转炉排。所述的炉膛内部设置有辐射后拱，辐射后拱水平面夹角为10°。给料系统包进料斗和螺旋给料器，进料斗安装于炉膛前墙上侧，螺旋给料器布置在炉膛前墙和进料斗的下方并与进料斗相连接；前段往复式炉排安装在炉膛的底部，往复式炉排与水平面的倾斜角度为5°~10°，并由托梁支撑，炉排往复运动采用液压驱动，往复式炉排前段左右两侧分别布置有挡煤装置，往复式炉排包括固定炉排片和活动炉排片，固定炉排片和活动炉排片分别与固`定梁和活动梁相连接，冷却管布置在往复式炉排下方，并通过管道与往复式炉排连接，所述的一次风口包括三个独立风室，三个一次风室彼此独立，设置在往复式炉排下方，落灰口上部与一次风口连接；后段旋转炉排成半球状，上面有齿分布，旋转炉排由电机驱动装置驱动，电机驱动装置通过传动齿轮带动的转盘，转盘位于旋转炉排的下方并带动旋转炉排转动，设置在炉膛尾部；三次风口设置在旋转炉排的下方，卸料锥形漏斗位于三次风口下方，并与料封管连接，一号二次风口和二号二次风口布置在炉膛上部竖直烟道，成前后墙对称布置，三号二次风口布置在炉膛后墙后拱的下方。
[0004] 有益效果:燃料在往复式炉排片上进行干燥、热解和部分燃烧，一次风口和二次风口均采用多风室分段布风的方式，增加了扰动的同时使得配风更加合理，有利于燃料的热解和挥发分的析出和充分燃烧；尾部增加了旋转炉排和三次风的布置，可以将未燃尽的大块固体破碎并搅动，有效的保证燃料燃烧过程的充分混合，实现低的灰渣含碳量从而提高了燃烧效率；炉膛采用长后拱的布置方式，强化了前拱“ α ”型烟气回流和辐射，从而提高了炉排和炉膛内的燃烧温度，有利于低热值燃料的着火和燃烧，并实现低污染物的排放。本发明有效的改善了传统炉排焚烧装置混合差，燃尽率低的不足，同时可以减少耐高温炉排片面积，减少投资。
附图说明
[0005] 图1为本发明所介绍的高效废弃物气化燃烧复合炉排装置的结构示意图；
[0006] 图2为本发明往复炉排与一次风系统结构示意图；
[0007] 图3为本发明旋转炉排与三次风系统结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0008] 如图1所示，一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置，主要结构包括炉膛12，给料系统，灰渣收集系统，配风系统以及两段式炉排装置。其中灰渣收集系统包括清灰门19、落灰口 6以及卸料锥形漏斗9和料封管24，配风系统包括一次风口 5，一号二次风口 1、二号二次风口 11、三号二次风口 14和三次风口 7，两段式炉排装置包括前段往复式炉排2和后段旋转炉排10，所述的炉膛12内部设置有辐射后拱13，辐射后拱13水平面夹角为10°后拱与水平夹角为10°。后拱采用耐高温耐腐蚀的浇筑材料，耐温大于1200°C。长的炉拱设计强化了前拱“ α ”型烟气回流和辐射，从而提高了炉排和炉膛内的燃烧温度，有利于低热值燃料的着火和燃烧，并实现低污染物的排放，给料系统设置在炉膛前墙上侧，前段往复式炉排2安装在炉膛12的底部，所述的一次风口 5包括三个独立风室，三个一次风室彼此独立，设置在往复式炉排2下方，落灰口 6上部与一次风口 5连接，后段旋转炉排10设置在炉膛12尾部，三次风口 7设置旋转炉排10的下方。卸料锥形漏斗9位于三次风口 7下方，并与料封管24连接，一号二次风口 I和二号二次风口 14布置在炉膛12上部竖直烟道，成前后墙对称布置，三号二次风口 11布置在炉膛12后墙后拱13的下方。
[0009] 给料系统包进料斗3和螺旋给料器4，进料斗3安装于炉膛前墙上侧，螺旋给料器4布置在炉膛前墙和进料斗3的下方并与进料斗3相连接，可以将进料斗中的燃料均匀的输送到炉内气化燃烧。
[0010] 如图2所示，往复式炉排2与水平面的倾斜角度为5°〜10°，并由托梁20支撑，炉排往复运动采用液压驱动。往复式炉排2前段左右两侧分别布置有挡煤装置16，往复式炉排2包括固定炉排片和活动炉排片，固定炉排片和活动炉排片分别与固定梁15和活动梁17相连接，冷却管18布置在往复式炉排2下方，并通过管道与往复式炉排2连接。
[0011] 如图3所示，旋转炉排10成半球状，上面有齿分布，旋转炉排10由电机驱动装置8驱动，旋转炉排10由电机驱动装置8驱动，电机驱动装置通过传动齿轮带动的转盘21，转盘21位于旋转炉排的下方并带动旋转炉排转动。
[0012] 工作时，燃料首先由抓斗送入进料斗3，通过与进料斗3连接的螺旋给料器4，将燃料送入炉膛并落入往复式炉排2上，通过炉排片的震动和往复运动不断前进并实现燃料的热解、挥发分的析出和焦炭的部分燃烧，挥发分随一次风进入炉膛12充分燃烧，焦炭燃烧的灰分通过炉排间隙落入落灰斗6并收集起来，燃料燃烧后剩余的灰渣经过炉内的滑斜墙落入炉膛尾部旋转炉排10上，小块的碎渣通过旋转炉排10和炉膛的间隙落入卸料锥形漏斗9，大块的灰渣通过旋转炉排10的旋转挤压，从而破碎成小的碎渣，而大块灰渣内隐藏的未尽然碳也破碎出来，通过三次风的供入，使其完全充分燃烧。同时燃烧的烟气随炉膛往上流动，在炉膛后拱13处形成绕流，从而实现了加热炉排和增加炉膛内辐射的目的，使得低热值的燃料更容易着火燃烧。
Claims (2)
1.一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置，其特征在于:该装置包括炉膛，给料系统，灰渣收集系统，配风系统以及两段式炉排装置；其中灰渣收集系统包括清灰门、落灰口以及卸料锥形漏斗和料封管，配风系统包括一次风口，一号二次风口、二号二次风口、三号二次风口和三次风口，两段式炉排装置包括前段往复式炉排和后段旋转炉排，所述的炉膛内部设置有辐射后拱，辐射后拱水平面夹角为10° ;给料系统包进料斗和螺旋给料器，进料斗安装于炉膛前墙上侧，螺旋给料器布置在炉膛前墙和进料斗的下方并与进料斗相连接；前段往复式炉排安装在炉膛的底部，往复式炉排与水平面的倾斜角度为5°〜10°，并由托梁支撑，炉排往复运动采用液压驱动，往复式炉排前段左右两侧分别布置有挡煤装置，往复式炉排包括固定炉排片和活动炉排片，固定炉排片和活动炉排片分别与固定梁和活动梁相连接，冷却管布置在往复式炉排下方，并通过管道与往复式炉排连接，所述的一次风口包括三个独立风室，三个一次风室彼此独立，设置在往复式炉排下方，落灰口上部与一次风口连接；后段旋转炉排成半球状，上面有齿分布，旋转炉排由电机驱动装置驱动，电机驱动装置通过传动齿轮带动的转盘，转盘位于旋转炉排的下方并带动旋转炉排转动，设置在炉膛尾部；三次风口设置在旋转炉排的下方，卸料锥形漏斗位于三次风口下方，并与料封管连接，一号二次风口和二号二次风口布置在炉膛上部竖直烟道，成前后墙对称布置，三号二次风口布置在炉膛后墙后拱的下方。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种带碎渣功能的新型高效气化燃烧复合炉排装置，其特征在于所述的后拱采用耐高温耐腐蚀的浇筑材料，耐温大于1200°C。
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