CN102539917A - Measurer for insulation resistance of direct-current high-voltage system for vehicle and method - Google Patents
Measurer for insulation resistance of direct-current high-voltage system for vehicle and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102539917A CN102539917A CN2010105861013A CN201010586101A CN102539917A CN 102539917 A CN102539917 A CN 102539917A CN 2010105861013 A CN2010105861013 A CN 2010105861013A CN 201010586101 A CN201010586101 A CN 201010586101A CN 102539917 A CN102539917 A CN 102539917A
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Abstract
Disclosed are a measurer for insulation resistance of a direct-current high-voltage system for a vehicle and a method. The measurer is connected with a system to be measured, and the system to be measured comprises the direct-current high-voltage system and an electric chassis; the measurer comprises a measuring signal generator unit, a sampling resistance unit and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit); both the measuring signal generator unit and the sampling resistance unit are connected with the MCU, an output end of the measuring signal generator unit is connected with the electric chassis of the system to be measured, and measuring current generated by the measuring signal generator unit flows through the high-voltage system via an insulation resistor and a leaked capacitor, flows through an anode and a cathode of the high-voltage system and flows back to the sampling resistance unit of the measurer; and the MCU carries out A/D (analog/digital) conversion for voltage signals of the sampling resistance unit and calculates the insulation resistor. The measurer not only can respond insulation faults of any parts of the high-voltage system, but also seldom affects insulation of the total vehicle, and a measuring circuit does not need to be opened when a withstand voltage test is carried out for the total vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring technique of insulation resistance, relate in particular to a kind of measurement mechanism and method of insulation resistance of the automobile-used high direct voltage system that can be used in electric automobile (comprising pure electric automobile, hybrid vehicle, fuel-cell vehicle, super capacity car etc.), railway electric locomotive, electric system etc.
Background technology
One group of power accumulator group is all arranged as energy storage device in the high-pressure system of electric automobile.In order to guarantee vehicle safety operation, pick-up unit that must design special carries out real time on-line monitoring to the insulation resistance between high direct voltage system and the electric chassis.
The measuring method of recommending in the most of normative reference of prior art " the insulation resistance 6.1.1 measuring methods of vehicle-mounted energy storage device 6.1 power accumulators of GB/T 18384.1-2001 ", we are referred to as terminal voltage method.
There is following problem in prior art: can not the response power inside battery and electric chassis between insulation fault, other is measured the withstand voltage influence of switching device, when car load is carried out voltage-withstand test, must break off metering circuit.Need incorporate the less measuring resistance of resistance value ratio in the measuring process into, the insulation of car load is had certain influence.
On electric automobile, driving voltage even can be up to 600V generally all more than 200V; And the low voltage control part generally is 12V or 24V; Directly be not electrically connected between high-tension system and the electric chassis, promptly insulate between high pressure consumer and the electric chassis, this is a kind of isolated neutral system.The cable insulation medium of high direct voltage system is aging or receive factor affecting such as wet environment all can cause the decreasing insulating between high-voltage electric system and the vehicle electrical chassis; Positive source or negative wire will be through constituting loop of electric leakage between insulation course and the electric chassis; Vehicle electrical chassis current potential is risen; Influence the operate as normal of low-voltage electrical and electric machine controller, jeopardize driver and crew's personal safety.When occurring the multiple spot decreasing insulating takes place between vehicle high-tension circuit and the electric chassis, can produce the heat accumulation effect, can cause electrical fire when serious.
The monitoring high-voltage electric system is the core content of electric automobile electrical safety technology with respect to the electrical insulation properties on vehicle electrical chassis in real time, and passenger safety and vehicle safety operation are had great importance., car load must consider when designing the insulating monitoring between high-voltage electric system and the electric chassis.
Terminal voltage method simple principle block diagram is as shown in Figure 1.In standard " the insulation resistance 6.1.1 measuring methods of vehicle-mounted energy storage device 6.1 power accumulators of GB/T 18384.1-2001 ", detailed introduction arranged.
Related patent U.S. Patent No. has: CN101158701A: high-pressure system voltage and insulation resistance measurement circuit; CN101603986A: high-voltage electrical-insulation resistance measurement circuit for automobile, CN101324645A: measuring and calculating hybrid power vehicle high-pressure energy management system insulating resistance method and device.
Its principle of work: incorporate the change in voltage between forward and backward dc bus of measuring resistance and the electric chassis into through measurement, can calculate the insulating resistance value of system.As shown in Figure 1, wherein:
Gnd representes the vehicle electrical chassis; Insulation resistance between Rp power battery anode and the electric chassis; Insulation resistance between Rn power battery cathode and the electric chassis; Voltage between Vp power battery anode and the electric chassis; Voltage between Vn power battery cathode and the electric chassis; The R0 measuring resistance; The anodal measuring switch of S_P; S_N negative pole measuring switch.
On electric automobile, all can dispose one group of power battery pack, all can have an insulation resistance between power battery anode and negative pole and the electric chassis, be respectively resistance R p, Rn, these two resistances all bigger (for example greater than 10 megohms) under the normal condition.Vp and Vn are exactly the partial pressure value of these two resistance to electrokinetic cell, can measure.Can obtain the value of insulation resistance Rp, Rn according to the variation of incorporating measuring resistance front and back Vp and Vn value into.Be divided into for two steps during actual measurement, the first step is when switch S _ N, S_P all break off; Measure and record Vp and Vn value; Second step, Closing Switch S_P (or switch S _ N), the measuring resistance R0 that equaled on resistance R p parallel connection; Measure and write down Vp and Vn value once more, can establish an equation in view of the above and find the solution the value of resistance R p and Rn.In standard " the insulation resistance 6.1.1 measuring methods of vehicle-mounted energy storage device 6.1 power accumulators of GB/T 18384.1-2001 ", the detailed inference process arranged.
This method has following defective:
A. can not the response power inside battery to the similar short trouble on electric chassis.When between electrokinetic cell inside and the electric chassis similar short trouble taking place, no matter measuring switch is in is broken off or make-position, and Vp and Vn value can not change or change very little.Therefore this method can not accurately be measured the insulating resistance value under this fault condition.And this operating mode is a kind of very serious insulation fault, and this also is a critical defect of this programme.
B. car load is carried out voltage-withstand test when (between high pressure and electric chassis, adding the 3.5KV high pressure), must this part circuit be broken off.Reason is that the measuring switch in the scheme generally adopts light coupling relay, and the withstand voltage of this device is limited, is generally about 600V.
The resistance of the measuring resistance of C. incorporating in the measuring process is generally all less than 1M Ω, and insulation has certain influence to car load.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention solves provides the measurement mechanism of the insulation resistance of a kind of automobile-used high direct voltage system, makes it can respond the insulation fault that any position of high-pressure system occurs.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
The measurement mechanism of the insulation resistance of a kind of automobile-used high direct voltage system, this measurement mechanism is connected with treating examining system, is used to measure the insulation resistance that this treats examining system; This treats that examining system comprises a DC high voltage system and an electric chassis, has equivalent insulation resistance and equivalent leakage capacitance between this high direct voltage system and this electricity chassis; Wherein: this measurement mechanism includes measuring transmitter unit, sample resistance unit and MCU control module (Micro Control Unit); Said measuring transmitter unit, sample resistance unit all are connected with the MCU control module; The output terminal of this measuring transmitter unit connects this and treats the electric chassis of examining system; The measurement electric current that this measuring transmitter unit produces flows through this high-pressure system through said insulation resistance and said leakage capacitance, the sample resistance unit that positive pole and the negative pole through this high-pressure system flows back to said measurement mechanism; This MCU control module carries out the voltage signal of said sample resistance the A/D conversion and calculates said insulation resistance size.
The measuring method of the insulation resistance of a kind of automobile-used high direct voltage system, wherein, this measuring method comprises: measuring-signal is inserted the electric chassis of treating examining system, the measurement electric current I that is produced by measuring-signal
mFlow through high-pressure system through equivalent insulation resistance between high direct voltage system and this electricity chassis and equivalent leakage capacitance (RF, CF); Anodal HV+ and negative pole HV-through high-pressure system flow to a sample resistance Rs again; Measure the square wave voltage signal that this measurement electric current I m produces on sample resistance Rs; Carry out AD conversion by the MCU control module, and in the size of MCU control module internal calculation insulation resistance.
Learn that by above explanation the present invention has following advantage really:
1, the present invention uses the control of MCU control module can realize the automatic time on-line measurement, and measurement result can be exported through modes such as CAN interface, PWM interface, switching value interfaces;
2, compared with prior art, the present invention can respond the insulation fault (comprising the insulation fault between electrokinetic cell inside and the electric chassis) that any position of high-pressure system occurs;
3, the internal resistance of the measurement mechanism of the insulation resistance of automobile-used high direct voltage of the present invention system is greater than 1M Ω, and is very little to car load insulation influence;
4, the measurement mechanism of the insulation resistance of automobile-used high direct voltage of the present invention system when car load is carried out voltage-withstand test, can not need break off metering circuit owing to do not use the measuring switch device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the exhausted edge resistance terminal voltage measurement method schematic diagram of prior art;
Fig. 2 is a measuring system theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a measuring transmitter element circuit synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a signal condition element circuit synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a power conversion unit synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the metering circuit model synoptic diagram to the anodal side of high-pressure system of the present invention.
Embodiment
To understand in order technical characterictic of the present invention, purpose and effect being had more clearly, to contrast description of drawings embodiment of the present invention at present.
The measurement mechanism and the method for the insulation resistance of a kind of automobile-used high direct voltage of the present invention system; It is the mode of injecting measuring-signal through using; Measuring a high-pressure system comprehensive insulation resistance over the ground, and can respond the insulation fault that any position of high-pressure system occurs (comprising the insulation fault between the inner and electric chassis of electrokinetic cell).
The measurement mechanism and one of the insulation resistance of automobile-used high direct voltage of the present invention system treats that examining system is connected, and is used to measure the insulation resistance that this treats examining system; Generally speaking, this treats that examining system comprises a DC high voltage system and an electric chassis, has equivalent insulation resistance and equivalent leakage capacitance between this high direct voltage system and this electricity chassis; Wherein, this measurement mechanism mainly includes: measuring transmitter unit, sample resistance unit and MCU control module.
Concrete; As shown in Figure 2; Measuring transmitter unit 1, sample resistance unit all are connected with MCU control module 3; The output terminal of measuring transmitter unit 1 connects the electric chassis of treating examining system, and the measurement electric current I m that measuring transmitter unit 1 produces flows through high-pressure system H through insulation resistance RF and leakage capacitance CF, then the sample resistance unit that flows back to measurement mechanism of anodal HV+ and the negative pole HV-through high-pressure system H; MCU control module 1 carries out the voltage signal of sample resistance Rs the A/D conversion and calculates insulation resistance RF size.
The measurement mechanism of insulation resistance of the present invention; Its sample resistance unit comprises sample resistance Rs and first current-limiting resistance R01 that couples with the anodal HV+ of the H of high direct voltage system and the second current-limiting resistance R02 that couples with its negative pole HV-; And the other end of the first current-limiting resistance R01 and the second current-limiting resistance R02 is connected to sample resistance Rs, and the other end of sample resistance Rs is connected with the reference ground GND of measurement mechanism M.
In practical application, more stable for measurement mechanism is moved, and measured insulation resistance is more accurate, preferable, like Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 5, the measurement mechanism of insulation resistance of the present invention also can include:
Signal condition unit 2 is connected between sample resistance unit and the MCU control module 3, and the voltage signal on the sample resistance Rs is measured in signal condition unit 2, and this voltage signal is processed into is suitable for the voltage signal that MCU control module 3 carries out the AD conversion;
Please refer again to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5; Preferred embodiment of the present invention; As shown in the figure; Be measuring system theory diagram of the present invention and power conversion unit synoptic diagram, wherein, the output terminal of power conversion unit 4 is connected with measuring transmitter unit 1, signal condition unit 2 and MCU control module 3 respectively; This current limliting and sample resistance unit comprise two current-limiting resistance RI; And sample resistance Rs; First end of current-limiting resistance RI is connected with the anodal HV+ of this high-pressure system and negative pole HV-; First end of this sample resistance Rs is connected with second end of two current-limiting resistance RI, and second end of this sample resistance Rs is connected with the reference of this measurement mechanism ground GND; The output terminal of this measuring transmitter unit 1 connects this and treats the electric chassis of examining system T; The measurement electric current I m that this measuring transmitter unit 1 produces flows through this high-pressure system H through insulation resistance RF and leakage capacitance CF, anodal HV+ through this high-pressure system H and negative pole HV-flow back to arrive behind the inner current-limiting resistance RI of measurement mechanism M and the sample resistance Rs with reference to GND; The input end of this signal condition unit 2 is connected with this sample resistance Rs first end, and measures the voltage signal on this sample resistance Rs; This MCU control module 3 is connected with the output terminal of this signal condition unit 2, and its voltage signal with sample resistance Rs carries out the A/D conversion, and in the said insulation resistance size of MCU control module internal calculation.
Insulation measurement device of the present invention is when real work; Current-limiting resistance RI itself also is the load of high direct voltage, and is simultaneously enough little in order to guarantee to measure electric current, can realize that the high-barrier between low-voltage circuit and the high-tension circuit leaves; Therefore; Preferably, the resistance of current-limiting resistance RI of the present invention can or be formed in parallel by many resistance series connection generally greater than 2M Ω.In addition, the voltage on the sample resistance Rs is the square-wave voltage corresponding with measuring-signal, and the peak value of voltage is relevant with the size of external insulation resistance RF; Can use hereinafter formula to calculate the size of insulation resistance; Therefore, can survey in order to guarantee the sampled signal amplitude, preferably; The resistance of sample resistance Rs is generally greater than 1K Ω, preferably greater than 10K Ω.
The measurement mechanism of insulation resistance of the present invention; Its measuring transmitter unit 1 has positive-negative power input end and corresponding two signal input end that link to each other with MCU control module 3; Control through the MCU control module is transformed into the square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal of symmetry with input voltage (signal source voltage) VA+, VA-and exports the pulse width of MCU control module 3 these square wave pulse voltage measuring-signals of control.
With reference to shown in Figure 3; In one specific embodiment of the measurement mechanism of insulation resistance of the present invention, its measuring transmitter unit comprises: a LC low-pass filter, two current-limiting protection resistance R 19, R110, four switch triode Q1～Q4 and eight biasing resistor R11～R18 that the corresponding said switch triode Q1 of difference～Q4 is provided with; Wherein:
Measuring transmitter unit 1 has positive-negative power input end VA+, VA-, and corresponding two signal input end MCU_P, the MCU_N that links to each other with MCU control module 3.
The signal input part MCU_P of this measuring transmitter unit 1 is connected with first end of biasing resistor R13; Second end of biasing resistor R13 is connected with the base stage of switch triode Q2; The two ends of biasing resistor R14 are connected with base stage with the emitter of switch triode Q2 respectively, and the emitter of switch triode Q2 connects one with reference to ground; Biasing resistor R12 one end connects the collector of switch triode Q2; The other end connects the base stage of switch triode Q1; Biasing resistor R11 two ends connect emitter and the base stage of switch triode Q1 respectively; One voltage output end of power conversion unit 4 (signal source voltage VA+) is connected with the emitter of switch triode Q1, and the collector of switch triode Q1 is connected with first end of current-limiting protection resistance R 19;
Simultaneously; The signal input part MCU_N of this measuring transmitter unit 1 is connected with first end of biasing resistor R16; Biasing resistor R16 second end is connected with the base stage of switch triode Q4; Biasing resistor R15 two ends connect emitter and the base stage of switch triode Q4, and the positive voltage output end VC of power conversion unit 4 connects the emitter of switch triode Q4; Biasing resistor R17 one end connects the collector of switch triode Q4; The other end connects the base stage of switch triode Q3; The two ends of biasing resistor R18 connect emitter and the base stage of switch triode Q3 respectively; Another voltage output end of power conversion unit 4 (signal source voltage VA-) is connected with the emitter of switch triode Q3, and the collector of switch triode Q3 is connected with first end of current-limiting protection resistance R 110;
Second end of current-limiting protection resistance R 19, R110 is connected with first end of LC low-pass filter, and the other end of LC low-pass filter then connects the output terminal OUT of this measuring transmitter unit 1.
The concrete course of work of measuring transmitter unit 1 is following:
Input end MCU_P, MCU_N are imported is the signal of a pair of homophase.
When the input signal of input end MCU_P, MCU_N is high level; Make switch triode Q2 conducting (switch triode Q4 ends) through the aforementioned circuit path; Switch triode Q1 conducting (switch triode Q3 ends); Signal source voltage VA+ is added to the signal output part OUT of this measuring transmitter unit 1, corresponding measuring-signal positive half period through switch triode Q1 and inductance L 1;
When the input signal of input end MCU_P, MCU_N is low level; Make switch triode Q4 conducting (switch triode Q2 ends) through the aforementioned circuit path; Switch triode Q3 conducting (switch triode Q1 ends); Signal source voltage VA-is added to the signal output part OUT of this measuring transmitter unit 1, the negative half-cycle of corresponding measuring-signal through switch triode Q1 and inductance L 1.
As stated; The measurement mechanism of insulation resistance of the present invention; The LC low-pass filter of its measuring transmitter unit 1 is used for filtering noise information; And the control signal that its MCU control module 3 sends is via input end MCU_P, the MCU_N entering measuring transmitter unit 1 of measuring transmitter unit 1; Through the control of MCU control module 3, the output supply voltage of power conversion unit 4 (signal source voltage) VA+, VA-are transformed into the square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal of a symmetry, and the pulse width of this square-wave pulse measuring-signal is by 3 controls of MCU control module.
Further; In the measuring transmitter of the present invention unit; Straight-through in order to prevent triode Q1 and Q3, current-limiting protection resistance R 19, R110 span are preferably 1K Ω～3K Ω, make the resistance of current-limiting protection resistance compare and can ignore with the insulation resistance RF that treats examining system.
In the present embodiment; Preferable two current-limiting resistance R01, R02 and the sample resistance Rs of comprising in its current limliting and sample resistance unit; And first end of current-limiting resistance R01 is connected with the anodal HV+ of high-pressure system H; First end of current-limiting resistance R02 is connected with the negative pole HV-of high-pressure system H, and first end of sample resistance Rs is connected with second end of current-limiting resistance R01, R02.
As shown in Figure 5, the power conversion unit 4 in the present embodiment adopts DC/DC isolation of high frequency switch mapping mode, and it comprises: the reference ground GND of one group of input supply voltage, three groups of output supply voltages and three groups of output supply voltages.Preferably; The input supply voltage V+ of power conversion unit, the amplitude of V-are 12V or 24V; Being used to provide first group of output supply voltage VA+ to measuring transmitter, the amplitude of VA-is 15V～60V; Being used to second group of output supply voltage VB+ to signal conditioning circuit, the amplitude of VB-are provided is 10V～15V, and being used to the 3rd group of output supply voltage VC to the MCU control module is provided is positive voltage, and its amplitude is 3.3V～5V.Wherein, the polarity of output supply voltage VA+, VA-is opposite, and the polarity of output supply voltage VB+, VB-is opposite.
The measurement mechanism M of insulation resistance of the present invention, its signal condition unit 2 comprises: one or more levels feedback LPF amplifying circuit that is connected with these signal condition unit 2 input ends and the level shift circuit that is connected with these signal processing unit 2 output terminals are formed.
The measurement mechanism M of insulation resistance of the present invention, preferably, its signal condition unit 2 comprises multichannel feedback low-pass filter circuit and level shift circuit, can carry out LPF to sampled signal, eliminates and disturbs; Level shift circuit is used for the sampled signal behind LPF is biased to and meets the voltage range that MCU control module 3 carries out A/D conversion.
Please in the lump with reference to Fig. 4, be the signal condition element circuit synoptic diagram of present embodiment, preferably, shown in figure, in the present embodiment, this signal condition unit comprises multichannel feedback second-order low-pass filter circuit and level shift circuit, wherein:
Multichannel feedback second-order low-pass filter circuit specifically can be embodied as: the input end of signal processing unit 2 is connected with first end of resistance R 22; Second end of resistance R 22 is connected with first end of capacitor C 21; Second end of capacitor C 21 is connected with reference ground; First end of capacitor C 21 is connected with first end of two resistance R 23, R24 simultaneously, and second end of resistance R 23, R24 is connected with the input negative terminal of integrated transporting discharging U1D and the two ends of output terminal and capacitor C 22 respectively, and the input anode of integrated transporting discharging U1D is connected with first end of resistance R 21; Second end of resistance R 21 is connected the output termination level shift circuit of integrated transporting discharging U1D with reference ground; Utilize aforementioned signal processing unit 2 can realize LPF, eliminate and disturb signal.
Level shift circuit then comprises: three resistance R 25, R26, R27; First end of resistance R 25 is connected with the output terminal of integrated transporting discharging U1D; Second end of resistance R 25 links to each other with first end of resistance R 26, R27 simultaneously; Second end of resistance R 26 is connected with the output supply voltage VC of power conversion unit 4; Second end of resistance R 27 is connected with reference ground, and capacitor C 23 is connected with the output terminal of reference ground and signal condition unit 2, can carry out within the voltage range of A/D conversion thereby measured signal is biased to the MCU control module.
Utilize above-mentioned composition, the voltage signal on this sample resistance is measured in the signal condition unit of present embodiment, and this measured signal is processed into is suitable for the voltage signal that the MCU control module carries out the A/D conversion.
In sum; The measurement mechanism of insulation resistance of the present invention not only can respond the insulation fault (comprising the insulation fault between electrokinetic cell inside and the electric chassis) that any position of high-pressure system occurs; And the internal resistance of measurement mechanism makes it very little to car load insulation influence greater than 1M Ω; Owing to do not use the measuring switch device, when car load is carried out voltage-withstand test, can not need break off metering circuit simultaneously.
The measuring process of the insulation measurement device of the foregoing description is following:
As shown in Figure 2, measurement mechanism links to each other with treating examining system with negative pole HV-and three lines of electric chassis PGND through the anodal HV+ of high-pressure system H, and insulation resistance RF between high-pressure system H to be measured and the electric chassis is closed measurement loop is measured and formed electric current I m in the loop.
The output terminal of the measuring transmitter unit 1 of measurement mechanism M connects the PGND end of treating examining system; The measurement electric current I m that is produced by measuring transmitter unit 1 flows through high-pressure system H through insulation resistance RF and leakage capacitance CF; Anodal HV+ and negative pole HV-through high-pressure system flows back to measurement mechanism M inner current-limiting resistance R01, R02 and sample resistance Rs again; Arrive then with reference to ground GND; Measure electric current I m and on sample resistance Rs, produce a square wave voltage signal, this voltage signal is sent to signal conditioning circuit unit 2, behind LPF and level deviation; Give MCU control module 3 at last and carry out the A/D conversion, in the size of MCU control module 3 internal calculation insulation resistance RF.
Owing to treated the influence of the low-pass filter of leakage capacitance CF and measurement mechanism M among the examining system T; All can there be a gradual process that causes because of charging at the edge of measuring-signal; MCU control module 3 can judge whether process of rising or falling finishes according to the result of A/D conversion; And adjust the pulsewidth of measuring-signal in view of the above automatically, and behind waveform stabilization, the forward peak value and the negative peak of MCU control module 3 acquisition and recording waveforms; And in software, carrying out low-pass filtering treatment, the result is used to carry out the calculating of insulation resistance CF.
This measurement mechanism is realized the automatic time on-line measurement via the control of MCU control module, and the insulation resistance result that MCU calculates exports through modes such as CAN interface, PWM interface or switching value interfaces.
In conjunction with above-mentioned insulation measurement device, with reference to shown in Figure 2, the present invention also provides the measuring method of the insulation resistance of a kind of automobile-used high direct voltage system, and wherein, this measuring method comprises:
Measuring-signal is inserted the electric chassis PGND that treats examining system; The measurement electric current I m that is produced by measuring-signal flows through high-pressure system H through the equivalent insulation resistance RF between H of high direct voltage system and the electric chassis PGND and equivalent leakage capacitance, CF; Anodal HV+ and negative pole HV-through high-pressure system H flow to a sample resistance Rs again; Measure the square wave voltage signal that this measurement electric current I m produces on sample resistance Rs; Carry out A/D conversion through the MCU control module, and in the size of MCU internal calculation insulation resistance RF.
In practical application, the detailed process of a preferred embodiment of the measuring method of the insulation resistance of automobile-used high direct voltage of the present invention system is following:
A, the measurement mechanism M and of aforementioned dielectric resistance is treated that examining system T is connected to form a closed loop of measuring;
B, MCU control module 3 send and control signal to measuring transmitter unit 1, and make it produce measuring-signal;
The measuring-signal of c, measuring transmitter unit 1 produces one and measures electric current I m; This measurement electric current I m flows through the H of high direct voltage system via insulation resistance RF and leakage capacitance CF; Anodal HV+ and negative pole HV-via the H of high direct voltage system flows back to measurement mechanism M inner current-limiting resistance RI and sample resistance Rs again, arrives then with reference to ground;
Electric current I m will be measured in the measuring-signal that sample resistance Rs upward produces involves the level biasing through low pass filtered after in d, signal conditioning circuit unit 2, make the voltage conforms MCU control module 3 of this measuring-signal carry out the voltage range that A/D changes;
Measuring-signal after e, MCU control module handle 3 acquired signal modulate circuit unit 2, and calculate the size of said insulation resistance RF.
Preferable; In the measuring method of above-mentioned insulation resistance; Said measuring-signal is to be produced by measuring transmitter unit 1; This measuring transmitter unit has positive-negative power input end and corresponding two signal input end that link to each other with the MCU control module, the square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal that signal source voltage VA+, VA-are transformed into symmetry is also exported the pulse width of this square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal of MCU control module control through the control of MCU control module.
In addition, be coupled with the first current-limiting resistance R01 and the second current-limiting resistance R02 between the anodal HV+ of sample resistance Rs and the H of high direct voltage system, negative pole HV-respectively, the other end of above-mentioned sample resistance Rs is connected with the reference of this measurement mechanism ground.
Preferable; The measuring method of insulation resistance of the present invention is being measured this measurement electric current I m after the square wave voltage signal that produces on the sample resistance Rs; Also comprise this measurement electric current the square wave voltage signal that produces on the said sample resistance Rs involves the level biasing through low pass filtered after, make this measuring-signal meet the voltage range that the MCU control module carries out the A/D conversion.
The measuring method of insulation resistance of the present invention also comprises and adopts DC/DC isolation of high frequency switch mapping mode to carry out power conversion, to be respectively measuring transmitter, signal conditioning circuit and MCU control module suitable supply voltage is provided.
Preferably; The measuring method of insulation resistance of the present invention also comprises; This MCU control module is adjusted the pulsewidth of the square wave voltage signal of being gathered automatically, behind waveform stabilization, and the forward peak value and the negative peak of wave recording; And in software, carrying out low-pass filtering treatment, the result after the processing is used to carry out the calculating of insulation resistance.
According to aforementioned insulation measurement method of the present invention, carry out the mathematical model derivation of equation below:
In order to simplify derivation, be convenient to set up final mathematical model, we suppose that insulation fault only occurs in the positive pole of high-pressure system H, insulation fault can occur in any position of high-pressure system in the practical application, but finally can equivalence only occur in a certain side.Wherein, comprise signal generator voltage source SV, the electrokinetic cell voltage source HV of high-pressure system.
As shown in Figure 6, be the metering circuit model synoptic diagram to the anodal side of high-pressure system of the present invention, the mathematical model of the anodal side insulation measurement of high-pressure system H comprises: signal generator S voltage V
S, high-pressure system H electrokinetic cell voltage V
H, insulation resistance R
F, current-limiting resistance R
01, R
02And sample resistance Rs;
The positive pole of signal generator S connects insulation resistance R
FFirst end, its negative pole connects second end of this sample resistance Rs, insulation resistance R
FSecond end, current-limiting resistance R
01And first end of sample resistance Rs is followed in series to form loop I, the formation electric current I
1Second end of this sample resistance Rs is connected with reference ground; The positive pole of high-pressure system H and this current-limiting resistance R
02First end connect its negative pole and this current-limiting resistance R
01First end connects, this current-limiting resistance R
01Second end and this current-limiting resistance R
02Second end connect and compose loop II, form electric current I
2Wherein said current-limiting resistance R
01, R
02With the common port of this sample resistance Rs be node A, R
01=R
02=R
I
The positive half period of the measuring-signal of corresponding measuring transmitter:
The current equation of node A is: I
3=I
1+ I
2
Loop I voltage equation: V
A+=R
F* I
2+ R
I* I
3+ I
2* R
S
Loop II voltage equation: V
H=R
I* I
3+ R
I* I
1
Because VS+ is a voltage-measurable, so:
I
2＝V
S+/R
S
Put above 4 equations in order, draw during the corresponding measuring-signal positive half period sampling voltage Vs on the said sample resistance
+With said measurement signal voltages V
A, high-pressure system voltage V
H, sample resistance Rs, insulation resistance R
FAnd current-limiting resistance R
02Between relational expression following:
Equally, the negative half period of corresponding measuring-signal can draw sampling voltage:
Subtract each other on equality (1) and equality (2) both sides, can draw:
Wherein, Vs_p_p is the peak to peak value of the sampling voltage on the sample resistance Rs; Further the arrangement following formula obtains insulation resistance R
FFor:
The above is merely the schematic embodiment of the present invention; Be not in order to limit scope of the present invention; Any those skilled in the art, equivalent variations of under the prerequisite that does not break away from design of the present invention and principle, having done and modification all should belong to the scope that the present invention protects; And aforementioned content has mainly been discussed the technical scheme content that the present invention need protect, and for other part that does not detail; Any those skilled in the art; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from design of the present invention and principle, can utilize prior art to realize that this case does not limit, explanation hereby fully.
Claims (17)
1. the measurement mechanism of the insulation resistance of an automobile-used high direct voltage system, this measurement mechanism is connected with treating examining system, is used to measure the insulation resistance that this treats examining system; This treats that examining system comprises a DC high voltage system and an electric chassis, has equivalent insulation resistance and equivalent leakage capacitance between this high direct voltage system and this electricity chassis; It is characterized in that:
This measurement mechanism includes measuring transmitter unit, sample resistance unit and MCU control module; Said measuring transmitter unit, sample resistance unit all are connected with the MCU control module; The output terminal of this measuring transmitter unit connects this and treats the electric chassis of examining system; The measurement electric current that this measuring transmitter unit produces flows through this high-pressure system through said insulation resistance and said leakage capacitance, the sample resistance unit that positive pole and the negative pole through this high-pressure system flows back to said measurement mechanism; This MCU control module carries out the voltage signal of said sample resistance unit the A/D conversion and calculates said insulation resistance size.
2. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; This measuring transmitter unit has positive-negative power input end and corresponding two signal input end that link to each other with the MCU control module; Control through the MCU control module is transformed into the square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal of symmetry with input voltage (VA+/VA-) and exports the pulse width of this square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal of MCU control module control.
3. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The sample resistance unit of said measurement mechanism comprises sample resistance and first current-limiting resistance that couples with the positive pole of this high direct voltage system and second current-limiting resistance that couples with its negative pole; And the other end of this first current-limiting resistance and second current-limiting resistance is connected to this sample resistance, and the other end of this sample resistance is connected with the reference of this measurement mechanism ground.
4. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said measurement mechanism also comprises the signal condition unit; This signal condition unit is connected between said sample resistance unit and the said MCU control module, and the voltage signal on this sample resistance is measured in this signal condition unit, and this measured signal is processed into is suitable for the voltage signal that said MCU control module carries out the AD conversion.
5. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, said signal condition unit comprises one or more levels feedback LPF amplifying circuit and level shift circuit, and the LPF amplifying circuit carries out LPF to measured signal, eliminates and disturbs; Level shift circuit is processed into said MCU control module with this measured signal can carry out within the voltage range of AD conversion.
6. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said measurement mechanism also comprises the power conversion unit that adopts DC/DC isolation of high frequency switch mapping mode; This power conversion unit comprises input supply voltage, reference ground and three groups of output supply voltages, and said three groups of out-put supplies provide respectively to measuring transmitter, signal conditioning circuit and MCU control module.
7. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that; The amplitude of the input supply voltage of said power conversion unit (V+, V-) is 12V or 24V; Be used to provide to the amplitude of first group of output supply voltage (VA+, VA-) of measuring transmitter be 15V～60V; Be used to provide to the amplitude of second group of output supply voltage (VB+, VB-) of signal conditioning circuit be 10V～15V, being used to the 3rd group of output supply voltage (VC) to the MCU control module is provided is positive voltage, its amplitude is 3.3V～5V.
8. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the insulation resistance result that said MCU calculates is through CAN interface, PWM interface or the output of switching value interface mode.
9. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the internal resistance of said measurement mechanism is greater than 1M Ω.
10. the measuring method of the insulation resistance of an automobile-used high direct voltage system is characterized in that this measuring method comprises: measuring-signal is inserted the electric chassis of treating examining system, the measurement electric current I that is produced by measuring-signal
mFlow through high-pressure system through equivalent insulation resistance between high direct voltage system and this electricity chassis and equivalent leakage capacitance (RF, CF); Anodal HV+ and negative pole HV-through high-pressure system flow to a sample resistance Rs again; Measure the square wave voltage signal that this measurement electric current I m produces on sample resistance Rs; Carry out AD conversion by the MCU control module, and in the size of MCU internal calculation insulation resistance.
11. measuring method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; Said measuring-signal is to be produced by the measuring transmitter unit; This measuring transmitter unit has positive-negative power input end and corresponding two signal input end that link to each other with the MCU control module, the square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal that input voltage (VA+/VA-) is transformed into symmetry is also exported the pulse width of this square wave pulse voltage measuring-signal of MCU control module control through the control of MCU control module.
12. measuring method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; Be coupled with first current-limiting resistance and second current-limiting resistance between the positive pole of said sample resistance and this high direct voltage system, negative pole respectively, the other end of this sample resistance is connected with the reference of this measurement mechanism ground.
13. measuring method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; Measuring this measurement electric current I m after the square wave voltage signal that produces on the sample resistance RS; Also comprise this measurement electric current the square wave voltage signal that produces on the said sample resistance involves the level biasing through low pass filtered after, make this measuring-signal meet the voltage range that said MCU control module carries out the A/D conversion.
14. measuring method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; Said measuring method also comprises and adopts DC/DC isolation of high frequency switch mapping mode to carry out power conversion, to be respectively measuring transmitter, signal conditioning circuit and MCU control module suitable supply voltage is provided.
15. measuring method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, the insulation resistance result that said MCU calculates is through CAN interface, PWM interface or the output of switching value interface mode.
16. measuring method as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that said measuring method comprises that also this MCU control module is adjusted the pulsewidth of the square wave voltage signal of being gathered automatically; Behind waveform stabilization; The forward peak value and the negative peak of wave recording, and in software, carry out low-pass filtering treatment, the result after the processing is used to carry out the calculating of insulation resistance.
17. measuring method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, the calculating of said insulation resistance realizes that through setting up the appropriate mathematical model concrete computing formula is:
V
A+, V
A-Be respectively the measurement signal voltages of positive half period and negative half-cycle;
V
S+, V
S-Be respectively the sampling voltage on positive half period and the negative half-cycle sample resistance Rs;
Rs is sample resistance, R
IBe current-limiting resistance, R
FBe equivalent insulation resistance;
Vs_p_p is the peak to peak value of the sampling voltage on the sample resistance Rs.
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| CN2010105861013A CN102539917A (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2010-12-13 | Measurer for insulation resistance of direct-current high-voltage system for vehicle and method |
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| CN2010105861013A CN102539917A (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2010-12-13 | Measurer for insulation resistance of direct-current high-voltage system for vehicle and method |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |