CN102534082A - 一种高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置 - Google Patents
一种高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102534082A CN102534082A CN2012100494341A CN201210049434A CN102534082A CN 102534082 A CN102534082 A CN 102534082A CN 2012100494341 A CN2012100494341 A CN 2012100494341A CN 201210049434 A CN201210049434 A CN 201210049434A CN 102534082 A CN102534082 A CN 102534082A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blast furnace
- dechlorination
- furnace gas
- dust
- ash separator
- Prior art date
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- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000006298 dechlorination reactions Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006481 deamination reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002131 composite materials Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramics Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metals Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reactions Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000004615 ingredients Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound 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[Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002594 sorbents Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003726 AI2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredients Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，包括通过管道连接在高炉后的并联的发电装置和减压阀组，关键在于：所述发电装置和减压阀组之前串接有颗粒床除尘器，所述颗粒床除尘器中含有脱氯颗粒、脱硫颗粒和脱氨颗粒。本发明可以对高炉煤气进行有效的除尘、脱氯、脱硫、脱氨、吸湿及余热余压回收利用，对高炉煤气成分变化的适应性强，解决干法除尘带来的设备、管道腐蚀、积盐问题，后续用户管道及设备无需再采取防腐措施。所述高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置出口的净煤气含尘量≤5mg/Nm3，煤气冷凝水中氯离子含量＜300mg/L、pH=6~8。
Description
一种高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置
技术领域
[0001 ] 本发明涉及一种煤气净化装置。 技术背景
[0002] 高炉冶炼时产生的粗煤气中含尘及氯、硫、氨等有害介质，对于高炉煤气的处理， 既要满足除尘精度的要求(净化后的煤气含尘量< 5mg/Nm3)，又要脱除煤气中的氯、硫、氨等有害介质，还要尽可能回收利用高炉煤气的余热余压。
[0003] 目前国内外对高炉煤气的除尘方法分两级完成，第一级采用惯性除尘器进行粗除尘，如重力除尘器或旋风除尘器；第二级则主要有以下两类精除尘方法：1)湿法：此方法采用环缝洗涤装置进行高炉煤气的净化，老的钢厂也有采用双文洗涤器，湿法除尘具有系统成熟可靠、投资低的优点，但湿法除尘耗费大量水资源，使得高炉煤气温度降低至70°c以下，浪费了高炉煤气的余热资源。2)干法布袋除尘：响应国家节能环保的政策要求，国内高炉大量采用干法除尘技术，该项技术已经相对成熟并产生了较好的节能效益，但在实际生产中，因煤气含水及氯、硫、氨等介质，使得布袋除尘器板结、煤气管道及附属设备快速腐蚀、积盐的新问题已经成为阻碍该项技术使用的突出矛盾。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的在于提供一种同时解决除尘、除氯、硫、氨的高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯
复合装置。
[0005] 为了实现上述目的，采用以下技术方案：
一种高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，包括通过管道连接在高炉后的并联的发电装置和减压阀组，其特征在于：所述发电装置和减压阀组之前串接有颗粒床除尘器，所述颗粒床除尘器中含有脱氯颗粒、脱硫颗粒和脱氨颗粒。作为进一步的优化，为了解决结露问题，所述颗粒床除尘器中具有吸湿性颗粒。
[0006] 作为进一步的优化，为了得到较好的除尘效果，所述颗粒床除尘器之前设置有粗除尘装置。
[0007] 作为进一步的优化，所述颗粒床除尘器之后设置有干法精除尘装置。
[0008] 所述干法精除尘装置为布袋除尘器、电除尘器、金属除尘器或朔烧板除尘器。
[0009] 所述粗除尘装置为重力除尘器、旋风除尘器或陶瓷高温除尘器。
[0010] 本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1)本发明中除尘、脱氯、脱硫效率高，得到的净煤气含尘量< 5mg/Nm3，煤气冷凝水中氯离子含量< 300mg/L、PH= 6〜8 ；
2)本发明为干法除尘装置，与湿法除尘相比，具有系统简单、可靠，基本不耗电、不耗水，除尘干灰可直接回收利用，无污泥处理设施；系统阻力损失约1500Pa，高炉煤气温度基本不降低，与之配套的透平发电机比传统湿法除尘配套的透平发电机发电效率高约30%以上；3)与传统的干法布袋除尘、静电除尘相比，所述高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置除保留了干法除尘的优势外，还具有脱氯、脱硫、脱氨的作用，解决了布置在其后的高炉煤气设备、管道的腐蚀、积盐问题。
[0011] 4)所述的颗粒床除尘器内含有吸湿性颗粒，可以脱去高炉煤气中的水分，解决了布置在其后的干式精除尘装置(如布袋除尘器）的低温结露板结问题，进而可以适应高炉煤气的低温工况，无需专门为此除尘器配备高炉煤气低温应对设施；
5)高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置中，所述的颗粒床除尘器耐高温，如采用石英砂作为颗粒床填料，其熔点为1750°C，即使高炉炉况变化使得高炉煤气温度达到600°C，颗粒床仍然可以正常安全工作，且高炉煤气温度越高，颗粒床除尘效率越高。
[0012] 综上，利用本装置，可实现高炉煤气100%的回收利用，大大提高了干法除尘系统运行的可靠性与稳定性；除尘效率高，对高炉炉况变化的适应性强，无需专门为高炉煤气设备、管道防腐、除盐应对设施，并充分利用其余热余压，最大限度地对高炉煤气进行有效的回收利用，在低投入、高效率的同时，达到节能、环保的目的，对保证高炉稳定生产、减少环境污染、降低能耗有着十分重要的意义。
附图说明
[0013] 图1为实施例1的结构示意图； 图2为实施例2的结构示意图；
图3为实施例3的结构示意图。
[0014] 图中，1为高炉，2为颗粒床除尘器，3为发电装置入口阀门组，4为发电装置，5为发电装置出口阀门组，6为减压阀组，7为净煤气管网，8为干法精除尘装置，9为粗除尘装置。
具体实施方式
[0015] 下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但并不因此将本发明限定在以下具体方式之中。
[0016] 实施例1 ：如图1所示，高炉1炉顶煤气经管道进入颗粒床除尘器2，除尘、脱氯、 硫、氨等杂质后的净高炉煤气经发电装置4发电后并入净煤气管网7，如发电装置4不运行， 则通过减压阀组6后并入净煤气管网7。
[0017] 除尘的过程如下：
1)从高炉1炉顶排放的高炉荒煤气(约200°c )进入颗粒床除尘器2进行除尘脱氯，除尘后的干灰可直接回收利用；
2)经所述的高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置的高炉净煤气含尘量< 5mg/Nm3，煤气冷凝水中氯离子含量< 300mg/L、PH= 6〜8，净煤气进入透平发电机发电，由于前两级除尘设备中基本没有温降且压降很低(系统阻力损失小于1500½)，透平发电机发电量大幅度增加；
3)如果透平发电机出现故障或者高炉煤气不满足透平发电机入口要求，除尘后的净高炉煤气直接经与透平发电机并联的减压阀组6汇入净煤气管网7。
[0018] 实施例2，如图2所示：与实施例1不同的是，颗粒床除尘器2作为高炉煤气粗除尘装置，其后另设置有干法精除尘装置8，所述精除尘装置8为布袋除尘器、电除尘器、金属除尘器或朔烧板除尘器。[0019] 实施例3，如图3所示：与实施例2不同的是，颗粒床除尘器2之前设置有粗除尘装置9，所述粗除尘装置2为重力除尘器、旋风除尘器或陶瓷高温除尘器。
[0020] 本发明采用高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，在干法除尘工艺中引入颗粒床除尘器，完全保留了传统干法除尘工艺的优点，同时具有以下显著特征：所述颗粒床除尘器含有脱氯颗粒、脱硫颗粒、脱氨颗粒和吸湿性颗粒，脱氯、脱硫、脱氨、吸湿的作用。所述颗粒床除尘器除尘滤料可采用粒径为IOmm以下的颗粒(如珍珠岩、石英砂或除尘灰）；吸附剂可采用气体脱氯、硫、氨的复合型活性组分吸附剂，该吸附剂由20%以下的碱性活性组分(如矾土、高铝土、活性氧化铝）及催化剂(如镍催化剂）组成；所述吸湿性颗粒占总颗粒的40%以内。解决干法除尘带来的设备、管道腐蚀、积盐问题，后续用户管道及设备无需再采取防腐措施；可以脱去高炉煤气中的水分，解决了布置在其后的干式精除尘装置(如布袋除尘器) 的低温结露板结问题，进而可以适应高炉煤气的低温工况，无需专门为此除尘器配备高炉煤气低温应对设施。
[0021] 所述颗粒床除尘器的除尘过程如下：过滤的灰尘不断累积，使得颗粒床除尘器阻力上升，当阻力上升至1500〜2000 Pa时，采用反吹清灰气体通过颗粒床，颗粒床处于流化状态，其中灰尘颗粒由于粒径小、重量轻被清扫气体带走。颗粒床的反吹清灰气体可以使用厂内管网的中压氮气，也可使用加压后的高炉净煤气，反吹清灰气体气压为0. 4〜0. 6MPa。
[0022] 以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (6)
1. 一种高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，包括通过管道连接在高炉后的并联的发电装置和减压阀组，其特征在于：所述发电装置和减压阀组之前串接有颗粒床除尘器，所述颗粒床除尘器中含有脱氯颗粒、脱硫颗粒和脱氨颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，其特征在于：所述颗粒床除尘器中具有吸湿性颗粒。
3.如权利要求1所述的高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，其特征在于：所述颗粒床除尘器之前设置有粗除尘装置。
4.如权利要求1或3所述的高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，其特征在于：所述颗粒床除尘器之后设置有干法精除尘装置。
5.如权利要求4所述的高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，其特征在于：所述干法精除尘装置为布袋除尘器、电除尘器、金属除尘器或朔烧板除尘器。
6.如权利要求3所述的高炉煤气干法除尘脱氯复合装置，其特征在于：所述粗除尘装置为重力除尘器、旋风除尘器或陶瓷高温除尘器。
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| CN107034330B (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2019-07-02 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 一种高炉煤气除酸装置 |
| CN108342230A (zh) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-07-31 | 重庆工商大学 | 一种高炉煤气中酸性气体的脱除工艺 |
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