CN102513803A - Technical method for constructing reference surface of assembled folio cartridge receiver and special clamp - Google Patents
Technical method for constructing reference surface of assembled folio cartridge receiver and special clamp Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及机械加工技术领域，具体为一种用于对开机匣组立后建立基准的工艺方法及专用夹具。The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a process method and a special fixture for establishing a benchmark after the assembly of the opening case.
背景技术 Background technique
对开机匣通常使用整体环形和半圆形(锻造或铸造)二种毛料。对于使用整体环形毛料来说，无论其粗加工时精度如何，切割开后，两半机匣会产生一定变形，必须对结合面(切开面)进行加工，以保证其结合面的平面度；半圆形毛料在加工出必要的基准后，也必须对结合面进行加工，以保证其结合面的平面度。由于结合面被加工掉了余量，且每半机匣的加工量不一致，当结合面进行镗孔，机匣通过结合面孔组立后，已无与结合平面具有相对准确关系的加工基准，在进行后续加工前，必需重新建立基准，以保证组立后机匣的结合面通过其旋转中心和对称中心并垂直横截面。Two types of wool are usually used for the open case, the overall ring and the semicircle (forged or cast). For the use of integral ring wool, no matter how accurate the rough machining is, the two halves of the casing will be deformed after cutting, and the joint surface (cut surface) must be processed to ensure the flatness of the joint surface; After the semicircular wool is processed to the necessary benchmarks, the joint surface must also be processed to ensure the flatness of the joint surface. Since the joint surface has been machined with a margin, and the machining amount of each half of the casing is inconsistent, when the joint surface is bored and the casing is assembled through the joint surface, there is no machining reference that has a relatively accurate relationship with the joint plane. Before subsequent processing, the datum must be re-established to ensure that the joint surface of the casing after assembly passes through its center of rotation and center of symmetry and is perpendicular to the cross section.
现有的对开机匣组立后建立基准的工艺方法是：在组立之前，将两半机匣分别在卧式镗床镗出基准面，利用组立工装进行组立以建立组立后的加工基准，这样会出现二次装夹对零件的基准造成误差，而且其加工效率低，要求专用工装和规格足够大的卧式镗床，使对开机匣的大批量生产受到了限制，有必要设计一种新的基准建立工艺方法。The existing technological method for establishing the datum after the assembly of the open casing is: before the assembly, the two halves of the casing are respectively bored out of the reference plane on a horizontal boring machine, and the assembly tool is used for assembly to establish the processing after assembly. In this way, there will be errors caused by the secondary clamping to the benchmark of the parts, and its processing efficiency is low. It requires special tooling and a horizontal boring machine with a large enough specification, which limits the mass production of the open case. It is necessary to design a A new benchmarking process approach.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
要解决的技术问题technical problem to be solved
为解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提出了一种用于对开机匣组立后建立基准的工艺方法及专用夹具。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a process method and a special fixture for establishing a benchmark after the assembly of the open case.
技术方案Technical solutions
本发明的技术方案为：Technical scheme of the present invention is:
所述一种用于对开机匣组立后建立基准的专用夹具，其特征在于：包括底座、压板、可调支承、支承钉和两套定位组件；底座为环形板状结构，压板、可调支承和支承钉沿圆周方向均匀布置在底座的固定面上；定位组件包括前端定位块、前端钩形压板、连接块、后端定位块和后端钩形压板；前端定位块为L形结构；连接块为板状结构，连接块一端与底座固定连接，另一端与前端定位块L形结构的一端臂面固定连接，前端钩形压板插入前端定位块L形结构另一端臂的端面内，并与前端定位块形成前端定位空间；后端定位块为板状结构，后端定位块一侧侧面与连接块侧面贴合，且后端定位块一端与底座固定连接，后端定位块另一侧侧面上插入有后端钩形压板，后端钩形压板与后端定位块形成后端定位空间；两套定位组件相对于底座中心轴线中心对称；前端定位空间中前端定位块上的定位面与后端定位空间中后端定位块上的定位面重合，并且重合平面过底座中心轴线。The special fixture used to establish a benchmark after the assembly of the open case is characterized in that it includes a base, a pressure plate, an adjustable support, a support nail and two sets of positioning components; the base is an annular plate structure, and the pressure plate, adjustable Support and support nails are evenly arranged on the fixed surface of the base along the circumferential direction; the positioning assembly includes a front positioning block, a front hook-shaped pressing plate, a connecting block, a rear end positioning block and a rear hook-shaped pressing plate; the front positioning block is an L-shaped structure; The connection block is a plate-shaped structure, one end of the connection block is fixedly connected to the base, and the other end is fixedly connected to the arm surface of one end of the L-shaped structure of the front-end positioning block, and the front-end hook-shaped pressing plate is inserted into the end surface of the other end arm of the L-shaped structure of the front-end positioning block, and The front-end positioning space is formed with the front-end positioning block; the rear-end positioning block is a plate-shaped structure, one side of the rear-end positioning block is attached to the side of the connecting block, and one end of the rear-end positioning block is fixedly connected with the base, and the other side of the rear-end positioning block A rear-end hook-shaped pressing plate is inserted on the side, and the rear-end hook-shaped pressing plate and the rear-end positioning block form a rear-end positioning space; the two sets of positioning components are symmetrical to the center axis of the base; the positioning surface on the front-end positioning block in the front-end positioning space and the In the rear-end positioning space, the positioning surfaces on the rear-end positioning block are coincident, and the coincident plane passes through the central axis of the base.
所述一种用于对开机匣组立后建立基准的工艺方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：The process method for establishing a benchmark after the assembly of the open case is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
步骤1：对对开机匣的环形毛料进行粗车加工，且在环形毛料外侧面靠近环形毛料两端处各留有一圈工艺基准块；对两圈工艺基准块进行铣槽加工，各形成两块相同厚度的法兰边，四块法兰边的轴向中心线处于同一平面内，且该平面过环形毛料的中心轴线；Step 1: Carry out rough turning processing on the ring wool of the opening case, and leave a circle of process reference blocks on the outer surface of the ring wool close to the two ends of the ring wool; carry out milling processing on the two circles of process reference blocks, each forming two pieces For flanges of the same thickness, the axial centerlines of the four flanges are in the same plane, and the plane passes through the central axis of the ring wool;
步骤2：将经过步骤1加工后得到的机匣环形件沿四块法兰边轴向中心线形成的平面剖开，分别铣掉两半机匣上不同侧的两个法兰边，使得一半机匣上剩余的两块法兰边与另一半机匣上剩余的两块法兰边处于机匣环形件中心轴线的不同侧；对每一半机匣的结合面进行铣加工和刮研处理，使每一半机匣的结合面及两块法兰边定位面处于同一平面上；Step 2: Cut the casing ring piece obtained after processing in step 1 along the plane formed by the axial centerline of the four flange sides, and mill off the two flange sides on different sides of the two halves of the casing respectively, so that half The remaining two flanges on the casing and the remaining two flanges on the other half of the casing are on different sides of the central axis of the casing ring; the joint surface of each half of the casing is milled and scraped. Make the joint surface of each half of the casing and the positioning surfaces of the two flanges be on the same plane;
步骤3：将经过步骤2加工后的两半机匣放置在专用夹具上，通过支承钉支撑两半机匣，并将两半机匣上的法兰边插入到专用夹具上两套定位组件的前端定位空间和后端定位空间中；调节可调支承，使法兰边定位面与定位组件上的定位面对应紧密贴实，并通过打表找正两半机匣的结合面，使两半机匣的结合面在同一平面上；Step 3: Place the two halves of the casing processed in step 2 on the special fixture, support the two halves of the casing through supporting nails, and insert the flanges on the two halves of the casing into the two sets of positioning components on the special fixture In the front-end positioning space and the rear-end positioning space; adjust the adjustable support so that the positioning surface of the flange edge corresponds closely to the positioning surface on the positioning component, and find the joint surface of the two halves of the casing by dialing a watch, so that the two halves The combined surfaces of the half receivers are on the same plane;
步骤4：对两半机匣的结合面进行镗孔加工，并通过调节两半机匣的相对位置，使两半机匣结合面上对应孔的中心轴线重合，并通过前端钩形压板和后端钩形压板将两半机匣的法兰边压紧在前端定位空间和后端定位空间中；再次调节可调支承，使法兰边定位面与定位组件上的定位面对应紧密贴实；松开前端钩形压板和后端钩形压板，并用压板将两半机匣固定在底座上；Step 4: Carry out boring processing on the joint surface of the two half casings, and adjust the relative positions of the two half casings so that the central axes of the corresponding holes on the joint surface of the two half casings coincide, and pass through the front hook-shaped pressure plate and the rear The end hook-shaped pressure plate presses the flange sides of the two halves of the casing in the front-end positioning space and the rear-end positioning space; adjust the adjustable support again so that the flange side positioning surface and the positioning surface on the positioning component are closely connected. ;Loosen the hook-shaped pressure plate at the front end and the hook-shaped pressure plate at the rear end, and fix the two halves of the receiver on the base with the pressure plate;
步骤5：加工对开机匣组立后的水平和外圆基准面。Step 5: Process the horizontal and outer circle datum planes after the paired casings are assembled.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明提出的一种用于对开机匣组立后建立基准的工艺方法及专用夹具对比于现有的方法，整个加工过程工艺要求容易实现，在立车上即可完成，且加工效率高，使对开机匣加工基准在一次装夹中完成，同时加工时工人操作方便，夹具压紧可靠，布局合理，结构紧凑、稳固，使用方便，维护简单，制造成本低。Compared with the existing method, the process method and special fixture for establishing a benchmark after the assembly of the opening box proposed by the present invention are easy to meet the process requirements of the entire processing process, which can be completed on a vertical lathe, and the processing efficiency is high. The processing benchmark of the paired opening case is completed in one clamping, and at the same time, the workers are easy to operate during processing, the clamps are reliably pressed, the layout is reasonable, the structure is compact and stable, the use is convenient, the maintenance is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1：专用夹具的结构示意图；Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the structure of the special fixture;
图2：环形毛料加工出法兰边后的结构示意图；Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the structure after the ring wool is processed into the flange;
图3：图2的A-A剖视图；Figure 3: A-A sectional view of Figure 2;
图4：一半机匣铣掉一侧法兰边后的结构示意图；Figure 4: Schematic diagram of half of the casing after milling off one side of the flange;
图5：另一半机匣铣掉另一侧法兰边后的结构示意图；Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the structure of the other half of the casing after milling off the flange on the other side;
图6：前端定位块结构示意图；Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the structure of the front-end positioning block;
图7：前端钩形压板结构示意图；Figure 7: Schematic diagram of the front-end hook-shaped pressing plate;
图8：后端钩形压板结构示意图；Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the structure of the rear-end hook-shaped pressure plate;
其中：1、底座；2、压板；3、可调支承；4、支承钉；5、前端定位块；6、连接块；7、后端定位块；8、后端钩形压板；9、前端钩形压板；10、前端法兰边；11、后端法兰边；a、第一定位组件的前端定位面；b、第一定位组件的后端定位面；c、第二定位组件的前端定位面；d、第二定位组件的后端定位面；a’、第一半机匣的前端法兰边定位面；b’、第一半机匣的后端法兰边定位面；c’、第二半机匣的前端法兰边定位面；d’、第二半机匣的后端法兰边定位面。Among them: 1. Base; 2. Pressure plate; 3. Adjustable support; 4. Support nail; 5. Front positioning block; 6. Connection block; 7. Rear positioning block; Hook-shaped pressing plate; 10, front flange edge; 11, rear end flange edge; a, the front end positioning surface of the first positioning component; b, the rear end positioning surface of the first positioning component; c, the front end of the second positioning component Positioning surface; d, the rear end positioning surface of the second positioning component; a', the front flange edge positioning surface of the first half casing; b', the rear end flange edge positioning surface of the first half casing; c' , the positioning surface of the front flange edge of the second half casing; d', the positioning surface of the rear end flange edge of the second half casing.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例描述本发明：Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
本实施例针对对开机匣环形毛料进行加工。The present embodiment is aimed at processing the ring wool of the opening case.
步骤1：对对开机匣的环形毛料进行粗车加工，且在环形毛料外侧面靠近环形毛料两端处各留有一圈轴向宽度为12mm的工艺基准块；而后对两圈工艺基准块进行铣槽加工，每圈工艺基准块铣槽加工后留有两块周向厚度为20mm的法兰边，如图2所示，四块法兰边的轴向中心线处于同一平面内，且该平面过环形毛料的中心轴线。图3给出了加工后得到的机匣环形件一侧的剖视图，其中前端法兰边10为一圈工艺基准块铣槽加工后留存得法兰边，后端法兰边11为另一圈工艺基准块铣槽加工后留存得法兰边。Step 1: Carry out rough turning processing on the ring wool of the opening case, and leave a circle of process reference blocks with an axial width of 12mm on the outer surface of the ring wool close to both ends of the ring wool; then mill the two circles of process reference blocks Groove processing, two flanges with a circumferential thickness of 20mm are left after the groove milling of each process reference block, as shown in Figure 2, the axial centerlines of the four flanges are in the same plane, and the plane Through the central axis of the ring wool. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of one side of the casing ring obtained after processing, in which the
步骤2：将经过步骤1加工后得到的机匣环形件沿四块法兰边轴向中心线形成的平面线切割剖开。机匣环形件剖开后，分别铣掉两半机匣上不同侧的两个法兰边，使得一半机匣上剩余的两块法兰边与另一半机匣上剩余的两块法兰边处于机匣环形件中心轴线的不同侧，如图4和图5所示；而后对每一半机匣的结合面进行铣加工和刮研处理，使每一半机匣的结合面及两块法兰边定位面处于同一平面上，如此，当将两半机匣组立后，机匣的结合面和四块法兰边定位面就处于同一平面上。Step 2: Cut and section the casing ring piece obtained after processing in step 1 along the plane line formed by the axial center lines of the four flange edges. After the casing ring is cut, the two flanges on different sides of the two half casings are respectively milled off, so that the remaining two flanges on one half of the casing are the same as the remaining two flanges on the other half of the casing. It is on different sides of the central axis of the casing ring, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5; then milling and scraping are performed on the joint surface of each half of the casing, so that the joint surface of each half of the casing and the two flanges The side positioning surfaces are on the same plane, so that when the two halves of the casing are assembled, the joint surface of the casing and the side positioning surfaces of the four flanges are on the same plane.
步骤3：将专用夹具找正。Step 3: Align the special fixture.
参照附图1所述专用夹具包括底座1、8个压板2、14个可调支承3、4个支承钉4和两套定位组件。底座为环形板状结构，压板、可调支承和支承钉沿圆周方向分别均匀布置在底座的固定面上。With reference to accompanying drawing 1 described special fixture comprises base 1, 8 pressing plates 2, 14 adjustable supports 3, 4 supporting nails 4 and two cover positioning components. The base is an annular plate structure, and the pressing plate, adjustable support and support nails are evenly arranged on the fixed surface of the base along the circumferential direction.
定位组件包括前端定位块5、前端钩形压板9、连接块6、后端定位块7和后端钩形压板8。如图6所示，前端定位块为L形结构。连接块为板状结构，连接块一端与底座螺栓固定连接，另一端与前端定位块L形结构的一端臂面螺栓固定连接，前端钩形压板插入前端定位块L形结构另一端臂端面的通孔内，且前端钩形压板与前端定位块螺纹固定。前端钩形压板的钩形部位与前端定位块端面之间形成前端定位空间，这里前端定位块端面即为前端定位面。后端定位块为板状结构，后端定位块一侧侧面与连接块侧面贴合，且后端定位块一端与底座螺栓固定连接，后端定位块另一侧侧面上插入有后端钩形压板，后端钩形压板与后端定位块螺纹连接，后端钩形压板的钩形部位与后端定位块侧面之间形成后端定位空间，这里后端定位块侧面即为后端定位面。The positioning assembly includes a front-end positioning block 5 , a front-end hook-shaped pressing plate 9 , a connecting block 6 , a rear-end positioning block 7 and a rear-end hook-shaped pressing plate 8 . As shown in Figure 6, the front-end positioning block is an L-shaped structure. The connection block is a plate-shaped structure, one end of the connection block is fixedly connected with the base bolt, and the other end is fixedly connected with the arm surface of one end of the L-shaped structure of the front-end positioning block. In the hole, and the front-end hook-shaped pressure plate is screwed to the front-end positioning block. A front-end positioning space is formed between the hook-shaped part of the front-end hook-shaped pressing plate and the end face of the front-end positioning block, where the end face of the front-end positioning block is the front-end positioning surface. The rear positioning block is a plate-shaped structure, one side of the rear positioning block is attached to the side of the connecting block, and one end of the rear positioning block is fixedly connected with the base bolt, and a rear hook is inserted into the other side of the rear positioning block. Pressing plate, the rear hook-shaped pressing plate is threadedly connected with the rear-end positioning block, and the rear-end positioning space is formed between the hook-shaped part of the rear-end hook-shaped pressing plate and the side of the rear-end positioning block, where the side of the rear-end positioning block is the rear-end positioning surface .
两套定位组件相对于底座中心轴线中心对称，且两组定位组件上的前端定位面与后端定位面重合，并且重合平面过底座中心轴线。The two sets of positioning components are symmetrical to the central axis of the base, and the front positioning surfaces of the two positioning components coincide with the rear positioning surfaces, and the overlapping plane passes through the central axis of the base.
将经过步骤2加工后的两半机匣放置在专用夹具上后，通过支承钉支撑两半机匣，并将两半机匣上的法兰边插入到专用夹具上两套定位组件的前端定位空间和后端定位空间中。通过调节可调支承，使法兰边定位面a’，b’，c’，d’与定位组件上的定位面a，b，c，d对应紧密贴实，并用塞尺进行检测。通过打表找正两半机匣的结合面，使两半机匣的结合面在同一平面上。After placing the two halves of the casing processed in step 2 on the special fixture, support the two halves of the casing with supporting nails, and insert the flanges on the two halves of the casing into the front ends of the two sets of positioning components on the special fixture for positioning space and back-end positioning space. By adjusting the adjustable support, make the positioning surfaces a', b', c', d' of the flange edge correspond to the positioning surfaces a, b, c, d on the positioning assembly closely, and use a feeler gauge for detection. Align the joint surfaces of the two halves of the casing by dialing a watch so that the joint surfaces of the two halves of the casing are on the same plane.
步骤4：对两半机匣的结合面进行镗孔加工，并通过调节两半机匣的相对位置，使两半机匣结合面上对应孔的中心轴线重合，并通过旋紧前端钩形压板和后端钩形压板将两半机匣的法兰边压紧在前端定位空间和后端定位空间中；再次调节可调支承，使法兰边定位面与定位组件上的定位面对应紧密贴实；旋松前端钩形压板和后端钩形压板，并用压板对点将两半机匣压紧固定在底座上，压紧压板时注意打表，表不能动，以确定可调支承与两半机匣底部定位面贴实。Step 4: Bore the joint surface of the two halves of the casing, and adjust the relative positions of the two halves of the casing so that the central axes of the corresponding holes on the joint surface of the two halves of the casing coincide, and tighten the front hook-shaped pressure plate and the hook-shaped pressure plate at the rear end to press the flange sides of the two halves of the casing in the front-end positioning space and the rear-end positioning space; adjust the adjustable support again so that the flange side positioning surface corresponds closely to the positioning surface on the positioning component Stick it firmly; unscrew the hook-shaped pressure plate at the front end and the hook-shaped pressure plate at the rear end, and use the pressure plate to press and fix the two halves of the casing on the base. The bottom positioning surfaces of the two halves of the receiver are solid.
步骤5：加工对开机匣组立后的水平和外圆基准面，从而实现组立后机匣的结合面通过其的旋转中心且垂直于夹具底座的平面内，并实现了后续工序加工时定位基准的建立。Step 5: Machining the horizontal and outer circle datum planes after the assembly of the casing, so that the joint surface of the casing after assembly passes through its rotation center and is perpendicular to the plane of the fixture base, and realizes the positioning during processing in the subsequent process Establishment of benchmarks.
可见，整个加工过程工艺要求容易实现，在立车上即可完成，且加工效率高，使零件加工基准在一次装夹中完成，同时加工时工人操作方便，夹具压紧可靠，布局合理，结构紧凑、稳固，使用方便，维护简单，制造成本低。It can be seen that the technical requirements of the whole processing process are easy to realize, and can be completed on the vertical lathe, and the processing efficiency is high, so that the processing standard of the parts can be completed in one clamping. Compact, stable, easy to use, easy to maintain, and low manufacturing cost.
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Address after: 710021 Xu Jia Bay, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Beijiao Patentee after: AECC AVIATION POWER CO,LTD. Address before: 710021 Xu Jia Bay, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Beijiao Patentee before: AVIC AVIATION ENGINE Corp.,PLC Address after: 710021 Xu Jia Bay, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Beijiao Patentee after: AVIC AVIATION ENGINE Corp.,PLC Address before: 710021 Xu Jia Bay, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Beijiao Patentee before: XI'AN AVIATION POWER Co.,Ltd. |