The nonreactive cultivation method that bedding and padding, feed, drinking-water are combined with biological isolation with bacterium
Technical field
The invention belongs to livestock breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of bedding and padding, feed, bacterium and the biological nonreactive cultivation method of combining of isolating for drinking-water.
Background technology
Along with the continuous expansion of breeding scale level and the raising of world agriculture economic globalization degree.China's livestock breeding faces unprecedented development space and huge challenge for existence.At present, there are many problems in China's livestock breeding, for example: the requirement of the major product of (1) mankind to livestock breeding and by product is more and more higher; (2) threat of the health of epidemic disease to animal population and breeding environment is more and more serious; (3) crop products price is constantly soaring, causes livestock breeding pressure increasing; (4) international trade barrier affects the fast development of China's livestock breeding; (5) breeding pollution problem is more and more outstanding, becomes the bottleneck of Animal husbandry development, and has caused the great attention of society and government; (6) abuse of antibiotic etc, not only to animal, even causes larger hidden danger to health.
The existence of these problems has produced tremendous influence to livestock breeding, and therefore Animal husbandry all starts actively to find one and can improve animal welfare, reduction environmental pollution, can improve again the cultural method of consumption safety.
At present, in livestock breeding cultivation, add useful microorganism species and become a scientific and reasonable technology, but the project that these bacterial classifications of how arranging in pairs or groups have become each enterprise falls over each other research.
EM bacterium is that a kind of Mixed Microbes generally comprises Bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomycetes, azotobacter, cellulose decomposition bacteria, lactic acid bacteria etc., cultivates the effectively compound microbial flora forming through specific process.Can be used for food and add, the farming disease harms control, waste water control etc.
Azotobacter, thalline is shaft-like, oval or spherical, without endogenous spore, Gram-negative.Strict aerobic, organic nutrition type, the nitrogen in energy fixed air.
Photosynthetic bacteria is on the earth, to occur the earliest, occurring in nature ubiquity, have the prokaryotes of original luminous energy synthetic system, it is the general name of under anaerobic not putting the photosynthetic bacterium of oxygen, the Gram-negative bacteria that a class does not form gemma ability, be a class using light as the energy, the organic matter, sulphide, ammonia etc. that can under anaerobism illumination or aerobic dark condition, utilize occurring in nature carry out the microorganism of the synthetic carbohydrate of photosynthesis, amino acid, cellulose family, bioactivator as the hydrogen donor carbon source of holding concurrently.
Bacillus licheniformis cellular morphology and arrangement are shaft-like, Dan Sheng, capable of regulating flora (Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Bacillus acidi lactici, bacteroid, peptostreptococcus are had to promotion growth) imbalance reaches therapeutic purposes, can impel body to produce antibacterial substance, kill pathogenic bacteria (pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus, yeast-like fungus are had to antagonism).Can produce resistant activity material, and there is unique biology and take oxygen mechanism of action by force, can suppress the growth and breeding of pathogenic bacteria.
Bacillus subtilis is the one of bacillus.The subtilin, polymixin, nystatin, the gramicidins isoreactivity material that in bacillus subtilis thalli growth process, produce, these active substances have obvious inhibitory action to the conditioned pathogen of pathogenic bacteria or autogenous infection.Bacillus subtilis consumes rapidly the free oxygen in environment, causes enteron aisle hypoxemia, promotes useful anaerobic bacteria growth, and produces the organic acids such as lactic acid, reduces enteron aisle pH value, indirectly suppresses other pathogenic bacteria growth.Thalline self synthesizes the enzymes such as α-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, in digestive tract with animal body in digestive enzymes together play a role; The multiple B family vitamins such as energy synthetic vitamin B1, B2, B6, nicotinic acid, the activity of interferon and macrophage in raising animal body.
Candida tropicalis is without O
2time, decompose monose and produce CO
2and energy; There is O
2time, monose is thoroughly decomposed into CO
2and H
2o.Candida tropicalis has very high nutritive value, particularly contains more protein, and a lot of B family vitamins, nucleic acid and mineral matter, also can produce some health care active substances simultaneously.Candida tropicalis fermentation culture medium has the interferon of enhancing to tire, thereby has enhanced machine body immunity function.
Lactobacillus acidophilus belongs to lactobacillus, Gram-positive bacillus, and the end of bar is rounded, mainly exists in small intestine, adjusts gut flora balance, suppresses the propagation of enteron aisle undesirable microorganism.Lactobacillus acidophilus has antagonism to pathogenic microorganisms.After lactobacillus acidophilus is fermented in enteron aisle, also can produce lactic acid and acetic acid, can improve the availability of calcium, phosphorus, iron, promote the absorption of iron and vitamin D, produce vitamin K and Cobastab, can also reduce the absorption of cholesterol, and can reduce the injury of Radiation On Human body.
Bafillus natto is to have beneficial bacterium acidproof, heat-resistant quality; under hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, four hours survival rates are 100%; there is powerful pathogen simultaneously and suppress ability; to environment tolerance one of the bacterial classification of small intestine that preferably can go directly in the middle of various beneficial bacterium; after oral, can change animal intestinal flora ecology; help digest function normalization, so that defecation is smooth and easy, maintain body physiological environmental protection.Can produce acid, regulating intestinal canal flora, enhancing animal cell immunity is put should.And can generate multiple protein enzyme (particularly alkali protease), carbohydrase, lipase, amylase, some complicated carbohydrate of degrading plant forage kind, thereby the conversion ratio of raising feed.
Streptococcus fecalis is again enterococcus faecalis.Application C polysaccharide antigen, according to Lan Shi serological classification, can be divided into streptococcus many groups.Streptococcus fecalis belongs to D group, and D group streptococcus divides enterococcus and non-enterococcus two classes.The former comprises streptococcus fecalis, streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus durans, and the latter has bargen's streptococcus and streptococcus equinus.Streptococcus fecalis is additive for farm animal feed, can prevent and treat cub fledgling poultry because of the diarrhea that intestinal bacilli illness causes, has the imbalance of regulating intestinal canal normal flora and promotes the effect of growing.
Bifidobacterium can be safeguarded enteron aisle normal bacteria colony balance, suppresses the growth of pathogen, prevents constipation, diarrhea and gastrointestinal disorders etc.In enteron aisle, energy synthetic vitamin, amino acid and the absorption of raising body to calcium ion, reduce Blood Cholesterol level, prevents and treats hypertension, and improve the resistance to lactose of dairy products, improves digestibility.Safeguard enteron aisle normal bacteria colony balance, suppress the growth of pathogen, there is the disorderly effect of the function of intestinal canal of adjustment; Synthetic vitamin, amino acid and the absorption of raising body to calcium ion in enteron aisle; Strengthen human immunologic function, prevent antibiotic side effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of bedding and padding, feed, bacterium and the biological nonreactive cultivation method of combining of isolating for drinking-water, each bacterial classification can be carried out reasonably combined and then be applied in the links of cultivation, and take biological isolation to make whole cultivation more scientific and reasonable, avoid the epidemic disease and the problem of environmental pollution that in breeding process, occur, improve the quality of livestock breeding major product and by product.
The nonreactive cultivation method that a kind of bedding and padding of the present invention, feed, drinking-water are combined with biological isolation with bacterium, comprises following four aspects:
(1) in bedding and padding, add bedding and padding bacterial classification to make fermentation bed with this, bedding and padding and bedding and padding are 1000: 1 with the mass ratio of bacterial classification, wherein, bedding and padding are 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g with the bacterial classification content of bacterial classification, according to parts by weight meter, bedding and padding are formulated by 4~5 parts of EM bacterium, 2~3 parts of azotobacter and 3~4 parts of photosynthetic bacterias with bacterial classification;
(2) according to the standard that adds 2~4kg feed spawn in feed per ton, in feed, add feed spawn, wherein, the bacterial content of feed spawn is 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g, according to parts by weight meter, feed spawn is formulated by 2~3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 1 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) drinking water bacterial classification is made to the drinking water bacteria suspension that concentration is 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/mL, then drinking water bacteria suspension compares thin up according to 1: 80~160 quality, according to beneficial bacterium valid density in animal body, maintain the standard of 1.5~300,000,000 viable bacterias/kg, in the daily drinking water of biology, add drinking water bacteria suspension, wherein, according to parts by weight meter, drinking water bacterial classification is by 2~3 parts of lactobacillus acidophiluss, 2~3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 2~3 portions of candida tropicalises, 1~2 part of bafillus natto, 1 part of streptococcus fecalis and 1~2 part of Bifidobacterium are formulated,
(4) plantation landscape tree and the Chinese herbal medicine with disinfective action replace the isolation strip of adjacent turn my humble abode.
Wherein, the bedding and padding in aspect (1) are preferably in rice husk, sawdust or peanut shell the combination of one or more.While adding bedding and padding to use bacterial classification in bedding and padding, preferably according to following steps, carry out: first the bedding and padding of whole bacterial classifications and 5% are stirred, add again 5% bedding and padding to stir, last remaining 90% the bedding and padding of adding again stir, and in whipping process, add water, make in bedding and padding biodiversity content 40%.
The process that bedding and padding are made is the process of bedding and padding self fermentation in fact, its objective is and in bedding and padding, add on the one hand a considerable amount of bedding and padding bacterial classifications, for letting animals feed enters to give up ready, the heat producing by fermentation process on the other hand kills harmful bacteria, for letting animals feed provides certain heat, reduce the production cost of artificial heat insulation simultaneously.
Pad material fermentation is that heap in echelon, covers with gunnysack or straw in breeding house, summer 5-7d, winter 10-15d.Also can, according to need of production, by increase and decrease bacterial classification quantity, shorten or extend fermentation time and accomplish the end in view.The bedding and padding that ferment are spread out and paved, and the thickness after paving reaches 40~50cm, after placement 24h, can use.Pad material fermentation is one of key object of managing in standardization aquaculture model, the quality of bedding and padding whether with can reduce management intensity, reduce that epidemic disease occurs and to increase culture benefit of close concern to each other, the regular maintenance of bedding and padding and management are just seemed to most important.
According to animal excretion situation, observe bedding and padding biodiversity content, make it remain at 40%.As while there is airborne dust, available clear water carries out surface sprinkling.When biodiversity too high levels, can suppress the normal growth breeding of microorganism, thereby affect fermentation efficiency.When finding that moisture is too high, can suitably spread a little dry material dilution excessive moistures.
Due to the katabolism of microorganism, in colony house, sometimes have ammonia generation, can pass through to add bedding and padding bacterial classifications more in bedding and padding, and be aided with increasing ventilation reduction ammonia concentration or eliminate.
Bedding and padding will determine stirring number of times according to ight soil situation, with surface, do not lump, pile up and be advisable.
Bedding and padding temperature is the main index of determining.Fermentation bed surface temperature remains at 20~30 ℃, fermentation bed down 30 centimeters be core fermentation layer, its temperature does not change with seasonal variation, can remain at 40 ℃ of left and right.According to this rule, the temperature of results of regular determination core fermentation layer can determine whether to need to add bacterial classification.If temperature declines, and not that the too low or too high factor of moisture causes, can suitably add bedding and padding bacterial classification and solve.
In aspect (3), at institute's domesticated animal amount of drinking water, hour can suitably improve the dilution ratio of drinking-water bacteria suspension, when contrary amount of drinking water is larger, will suitably turn down the dilution ratio of drinking-water bacteria suspension.
Landscape tree in aspect (4) is preferably one or more in Chinese wax, method paulownia or Chinese scholar tree, and Chinese herbal medicine is preferably honeysuckle.Isolation forms the transfer barrier that daily pathogen is spread as biology for the landscape tree of planting and Chinese herbal medicine, guarantee that after epidemic disease occurs the popular of infectious disease take air as main route of transmission even do not occur for few generation between letting animals feed, avoids even stopping the cross-infection between letting animals feed epidemic disease as far as possible.
The present invention, in whole breeding process, does not add any antibiotic, reduces aquaculture cost, and has avoided the healthy hidden danger of antibiotic to animal and human's body.
The invention has the advantages that: in breeding process, above four aspect use in conjunction, add scientific and reasonable feeding and management, guaranteeing that letting animals feed obtains under the condition of suitable growth temperature, by drinking-water and feed, with the growing of harmful bacteria in the advantageous effect inhibition feeding environment of microorganism, reduce ill probability.Because ight soil does not need to process, when reducing workload, can protect surrounding enviroment and underground water not contaminated.The air borne approach of the plantation pathogenic microorganism capable of blocking by landscape tree and Chinese herbal medicine, is avoiding importing into and reducing aspect cross-infection and reduce cultivation risk of epidemic disease.Bedding and padding through regular period microorganism fermentation process finally can form high-quality organic manure, increase income.The present invention has obviously improved feeding environment, has improved cultivation income, has reduced feeding cost and cultivation risk, for obtaining high-quality nonreactive product, provides powerful guarantee.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment, take feeding of broiler as example, comprises following 4 aspects:
(1) bedding and padding adopt rice husk and sawdust to mix, in bedding and padding, add bedding and padding bacterial classification, bedding and padding and bedding and padding are 1000: 1 with the mass ratio of bacterial classification, according to following steps, carry out: first the bedding and padding of whole bacterial classifications and 5% are stirred, add again 5% bedding and padding to stir, last remaining 90% the bedding and padding of adding again stir, and add water in whipping process, make in bedding and padding biodiversity content 40%.Wherein, bedding and padding are 7,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g with the bacterial classification content of bacterial classification, and according to parts by weight meter, bedding and padding are formulated by 4 parts of EM bacterium, 3 parts of azotobacter and 4 parts of photosynthetic bacterias with bacterial classification;
(2) according to the standard that adds 4kg feed spawn in feed per ton, in feed, add feed spawn, wherein, the bacterial classification content of feed spawn is 7,500,000,000 viable bacterias/g, according to parts by weight meter, feed spawn is formulated by 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 1 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) drinking water bacterial classification is mixed with to the drinking water bacteria suspension that concentration is 8,000,000,000 viable bacterias/mL, then drinking water bacteria suspension compares thin up according to the quality of 1: 120, in according to animal body, beneficial bacterium valid density maintains the standard of 2.5 hundred million viable bacterias/kg, in biological drinking water, add the drinking water bacteria suspension after dilution, wherein, according to parts by weight meter, drinking water bacterial classification is formulated by 2 parts of lactobacillus acidophiluss, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 2 portions of candida tropicalises, 2 parts of bafillus nattos, 1 part of streptococcus fecalis and 2 parts of Bifidobacteriums;
(4) alternately plant the isolation strip that Chinese wax, method paulownia, Chinese scholar tree and honeysuckle replace adjacent turn my humble abode.
The indices data that the present embodiment obtains are as follows:
(1) general index:
Project |
Breeding cycle |
Feedstuff-meat ratio |
Deliver average weight for sale |
Survival rate |
Case fatality rate |
Antibiotic is used |
Numerical value |
42d |
1.62∶1 |
2.9Kg |
95% |
0 |
Nothing |
(2) the residual detection of medicine: (detecting index take the weight of animals as standard)
Sequence number |
Project |
Result (μ g/Kg) |
Sequence number |
Project |
Result (μ g/Kg) |
1 |
Nitroimidazole |
Do not detect |
9 |
Clenbuterol |
0 |
2 |
Sulfanilamide (SN) (15) |
0 |
10 |
Quinolone (13) |
0 |
3 |
Tetracycline (4) |
Do not detect |
11 |
Salbutamol |
0 |
4 |
Chloramphenicol |
0 |
12 |
Ractopamine |
0 |
5 |
Nitrofurazone |
0 |
13 |
Roxithromycin |
0 |
6 |
Furaltadone |
0 |
14 |
Tylosin |
0 |
7 |
Furantoin |
0 |
15 |
Lincomycin |
0 |
8 |
Furazolidone |
0 |
16 |
Erythromycin |
0 |
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is raised as example take meat duck, comprises following 4 aspects:
(1) bedding and padding adopt rice husk and sawdust to mix, in bedding and padding, add bedding and padding bacterial classification, bedding and padding and bedding and padding are 1000: 1 with the mass ratio of bacterial classification, according to following steps, carry out: first the bedding and padding of whole bacterial classifications and 5% are stirred, add again 5% bedding and padding to stir, last remaining 90% the bedding and padding of adding again stir, and add water in whipping process, make in bedding and padding biodiversity content 40%.Wherein, bedding and padding are 10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g with the bacterial classification content of bacterial classification, and according to parts by weight meter, bedding and padding are formulated by 5 parts of EM bacterium, 3 parts of azotobacter and 4 parts of photosynthetic bacterias with bacterial classification;
(2) according to the standard that adds 4kg feed spawn in feed per ton, in feed, add feed spawn, wherein, the bacterial classification content of feed spawn is 9,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g, according to parts by weight meter, feed spawn is formulated by 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 1 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) drinking water bacterial classification is mixed with to the drinking water bacteria suspension that concentration is 6,500,000,000 viable bacterias/mL, then drinking water bacteria suspension compares thin up according to the quality of 1: 100, in according to animal body, beneficial bacterium valid density maintains the standard of 200,000,000 viable bacterias/kg, in biological drinking water, add the drinking water bacteria suspension after dilution, wherein, according to parts by weight meter, drinking water bacterial classification is formulated by 3 parts of lactobacillus acidophiluss, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 2 portions of candida tropicalises, 2 parts of bafillus nattos, 1 part of streptococcus fecalis and 2 parts of Bifidobacteriums;
(4) alternately plant the isolation strip that Chinese wax, method paulownia, Chinese scholar tree and honeysuckle replace adjacent turn my humble abode.
The indices data that the present embodiment obtains are as follows:
(1) general index:
Project |
Breeding cycle |
Feedstuff-meat ratio |
Deliver average weight for sale |
Survival rate |
Case fatality rate |
Antibiotic is used |
Numerical value |
42d |
1.80∶1 |
3.31Kg |
95% |
0 |
Nothing |
(2) the residual detection of medicine: (detecting index take the weight of animals as standard)
Sequence number |
Project |
Result (μ g/Kg) |
Sequence number |
Project |
Result (μ g/Kg) |
1 |
Nitroimidazole |
Do not detect |
9 |
Clenbuterol |
0 |
2 |
Sulfanilamide (SN) (15) |
0 |
10 |
Quinolone (13) |
0 |
3 |
Tetracycline (4) |
Do not detect |
11 |
Salbutamol |
0 |
4 |
Chloramphenicol |
0 |
12 |
Ractopamine |
0 |
5 |
Nitrofurazone |
0 |
13 |
Roxithromycin |
0 |
6 |
Furaltadone |
0 |
14 |
Tylosin |
0 |
7 |
Furantoin |
0 |
15 |
Lincomycin |
0 |
8 |
Furazolidone |
0 |
16 |
Erythromycin |
0 |