Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the technical problem that existing permanent-magnetic synchronous motor stator copper loss is high, cogging torque is large, wiring is complicated.
Another object of the present invention is to the problem of the stator winding rule inconvenience that solves existing permagnetic synchronous motor.
Another object of the present invention is the high problem of the high loss of high order harmonic component electromotive force causing that solves non-uniform air-gap between existing permanent-magnetic synchronous motor rotor permanent magnet and stator.
Another object of the present invention is to solve existing permanent-magnetic synchronous motor rotor permanent magnet to have the problem that eddy current loss is high.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of multipole permagnetic synchronous motor of low rotor loss, and it comprises rotor and stator, described stator comprises stator core and stator winding; It is characterized in that, described motor utmost point groove mix proportion is 5:6; The number of teeth of described stator core is S=2nm, and m is the number of phases, and n is more than or equal to 2 even number; Described stator winding is polyphase windings, and every phase winding is at least made up of a coil unit; Described coil unit is to be made up of monodentate half winding around to identical on adjacent two teeth, and the end of monodentate half winding on two teeth of described coil unit is connected, the lead-in wire of monodentate half winding on the two adjacent teeth of every two adjacent windings unit is all output or is all input.
As preferably, m coil unit adjacent in described stator winding forms a polyphase windings unit, n the polyphase windings unit of nm coil unit formation on a described 2nm tooth; A described polyphase windings unit or two, more than two polyphase windings cell string, parallel connection or series-parallel connection form at least a set of independently polyphase windings.
As preferably, described n polyphase windings cell formation n overlaps independently polyphase windings, wherein n/2 cover even number polyphase windings parallel connection, the parallel connection of n/2 cover odd number polyphase windings; Or the polyphase windings parallel connection of 180 degree symmetric positions.
As preferably, i in described n polyphase windings unit adjacent polyphase windings units in series formed to a set of independently polyphase windings, n polyphase windings cell formation n/i overlaps independently polyphase windings, the wherein polyphase windings parallel connection of n/2i cover even number, the parallel connection of n/2i cover odd number polyphase windings, i is the natural number of aliquot n.
As preferably, described n polyphase windings units in series forms a set of independently polyphase windings.
In order to improve the rule wiring of stator winding, improve effect, the space width ratio of described stator core is 1, groove width is identical with the facewidth.
Distribute in order to be beneficial to air-gap field, described rotor comprises permanent magnet, pole shoe and rotor block; Described pole shoe is circumferentially evenly interval arow setting along rotor block surface, and between described adjacent columns pole shoe, arow is provided with permanent magnet, and the two sides of described pole shoe are respectively equipped with the protuberance for compressing both sides permanent magnet; Described permanent magnet is fixed on described rotor block surface by the adjacent pole shoe in its both sides.
As preferably, a fixing installing hole and the fixing hole preferably established in pole shoe of described pole shoe, described installing hole is parallel to rotor axial and is located at the center of described pole shoe, and described fixing hole vertically connects setting towards described installing hole under described pole shoe.Can avoid like this hold-down screw outside exposed, particularly make the even thickness of the periphery of pole shoe, make air gap even, be conducive to Distribution of Magnetic Field.
For pole shoe convenient fixing, be preferably in and in the installing hole of described pole shoe, be provided with one and extend axially the pole shoe fixed lever of through shaft to pole shoe, described pole shoe fixed lever is fixed on described pole shoe on described rotor block by screw.
Meanwhile, for permanent magnet fixation in the axial direction, as preferably, be provided with the fixing dististyle for axial restraint permanent magnet in the outer face of described rotor block end permanent magnet, described fixing dististyle is fixed on the end of described pole shoe fixed lever; The position of the corresponding pole shoe installing hole in upper end of the fixing dististyle of described permanent magnet has a v-shaped openings.
As preferably, described pole shoe is located at the two ends of the outer peripheral face of pole shoe for the protuberance of fixed permanent magnet.Thereby between adjacent pole shoe, form a mounting groove, permanent magnet can be inserted wherein easily.Wherein it should be noted that: the outer peripheral face of pole shoe of the present invention refers to: the periphery that after pole shoe is installed on rotor block, its outer surface forms.
In order further to improve the distribution in magnetic field, as preferably, the outer peripheral face of described pole shoe is outside outstanding curved surface shape.
In order further to reduce eddy current loss, best described permanent magnet is the bonding formation of two-layer, two-layer above magnetic material.
The present invention is owing to adopting technique scheme, and motor utmost point groove mix proportion is 5:6, can reduce by 6 subharmonic in cogging torque, reduces thus cogging torque, improves motor runnability; The stator winding of motor is symmetrical monodentate half winding, can effectively reduce stator copper loss, by changing the wiring direction of adjacent winding element, make each monodentate half winding around to identical, in the time making, can coil unit of a coiling, and disposable being embedded on two teeth groove, reduce the wiring work between two and half windings, simplify mounting process, therefore, the present invention, compared with existing concentrated winding, makes wiring simpler, succinct, has improved the assembly efficiency of motor, greatly shorten the making duration, reduced production cost.Simultaneously, each coil unit of the present invention is to be made up of half winding on two adjacent two teeth, a coil turn with respect to the full winding of monodentate reduces half, thereby the heat producing with respect to winding on each tooth of the full winding of monodentate reduces half, epitrochanterian eddy current loss also reduces greatly, thus, improve the efficiency of motor.
Further, the present invention has considered the two aspect factors that reduce cogging torque and facilitate rule, and selecting the space width ratio of motor stator is 1, makes rule be more prone to simultaneously, reaches best optimal design.
Further, rotor of the present invention adopts the layout fixed structure of specific permanent magnet, and permanent magnet compartment of terrain is located at the surface of rotor block, and is fixed by pole shoe, can improve thus Distribution of Magnetic Field, reduces eddy current loss.Simultaneously, owing to adopting monodentate half winding and permanent magnet pole shoe arrangement, compare with traditional permanent magnet surfaces formula, built-in and Lundell mounting means, not only improve magnet installation effectiveness, also improved the reliability of motor, and reduced the effective air gap between rotor, and make air gap even, can effectively weaken high order harmonic component electromotive force, suppress high order harmonic component, increase the also efficiency of corresponding raising motor of exerting oneself of motor.
Further, permanent magnet is divided into sandwich construction by the present invention, can further reduce eddy current loss, improves electric efficiency.
Further, the present invention is arcuation, makes its thickness more even the peripheral shape of pole shoe, effectively weakens high order harmonic component electromotive force, is conducive to improve induced electromotive force waveform.
Stator winding of the present invention is selected the structure of monodentate half winding, motor utmost point groove mix proportion is 5:6, and coordinate the layout fixed structure of specific permanent magnet, and the structure of pole shoe, make the loss of rotor portion reduce by 50% with respect to full winding mode, cause the rotor loss of the 3MW generator that adopts technical solution of the present invention to only have 17 kilowatts, the efficiency of motor is up to 97%, when reducing the wastage, also reduce electric machine temperature rise, without separately establishing forced cooling device, only depend on natural draft cooling.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-, referring to Fig. 1, in figure, show low-loss low speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention, it comprises rotor 100 and stator 200, described stator 200 comprises casing 203, stator core 201 and stator winding 202, and rotor 100 comprises rotor block 101, rotating shaft 102, and described motor utmost point groove mix proportion is 5:6, wherein in stator core 201, have 48 teeth 2001,2002 ... 2048(Fig. 2 shows), and rotor surface has 40 pairs of permanent magnets 112; Stator structure, specifically referring to Fig. 2, comprises stator core 201 and stator winding 202, in the present embodiment, number of motor phases m is 3, has the tooth 2001,2002,2003 nested for coil in stator core 201 ..., 2047,2048, the number of teeth is 48, S=2nm, n is 8; Every phase winding is made up of a coil unit, and in the present invention, coil unit a1 is for example, by forming around monodentate half winding 1 to identical and monodentate half winding 2 on adjacent two teeth (: tooth 2001, tooth 2002); Coil unit b1 is made up of half winding 3 and half winding 4; Coil unit c8 is made up of half winding 47 and 48, wherein each coil unit in two monodentates, half winding 1 and the end of half winding 2 be connected as a single entity, both are that a coiling forms in the time of coiling, be each coil unit by two coilings form, monodentate half winding tooth in the same way, that end is connected forms, thus, on 48 each and every one teeth, there is 24 coil units (a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2 ..., a8, b8, c8).The lead-in wire of the monodentate half coil on the two adjacent teeth of every two adjacent windings unit is all input or is all output, as two and half windings 1,2 of coil unit a1, if 1 is input, 2 is output (connecing asterism), the half adjacent winding 3 of adjacent coil unit b1 is output with it) (connecing asterism), half winding 48 of adjacent coil unit a8 is input (connecing lead end) with it.Other coil units the like.Each coil unit forms the phase in three phase windings, and every 3 adjacent coil units form a three-phase winding element; 24 coil units on 48 teeth form 8 three-phase winding elements (a1, b1, c1); (a2, b2, c2); (a8, b8, c8); A polyphase windings unit, or two, more than two polyphase windings cell string, parallel connection or series-parallel connection form at least a set of independently polyphase windings.Concrete connecting mode in the present embodiment refers to Fig. 3.The space width ratio of stator core 201 is 1, and the facewidth and groove width equate, is beneficial to coil and installs.
Referring to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, provide a kind of concrete connected mode of 8 three-phase winding elements, by 8 the three-phase winding elements (a1, b1, c1) in Fig. 1; (a2, b2, c2); (a8, b8, c8) forms respectively a set of independently three phase windings, is: (A1, B1, C1), (A2, B2, C2); (A3, B3, C3); (A4, B4, C4) ... (A8, B8, C8).These 8 three phase windings independently, all in parallel uses.Also wherein even number parallel connection, odd number parallel connection, i.e. three phase windings (A1, B1, C1), (A3, B3, C3), (A5, B5, C5), (A7, B7, C7) parallel connection; (A2, B2, C2); (A4, B4, C4) ... (A8, B8, C8) parallel connection is used respectively.The connected mode of the present embodiment, can make different independent three-phase systems work independently on the one hand, and in the time working, wherein a set of independently three phase windings lost efficacy simultaneously, did not affect the continuation operation of complete machine.Adopt symmetric mode to connect and make shaft strength equilibrium, motor operates steadily.
Referring to Fig. 4, the partial schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is rotor, is provided with permanent magnet 112 and pole shoe 113 on rotor 100 surfaces.Referring to Fig. 4,5, pole shoe 113 along rotor block 101 surface circumferentially evenly interval arows arrange, referring to Fig. 6, be respectively equipped with outward extending protuberance 1131 in the both sides of the outer peripheral face of pole shoe 113, thereby between adjacent pole shoe 113, form a passage, for inserting and fixed permanent magnet 112.Thus, permanent magnet 112 arows are fixed on to the surface of rotor block 101.
Referring to Fig. 6, wherein pole shoe 113 comprises an installing hole 1132 and a fixing hole 1133, described installing hole 1132 connects along being parallel to rotor axial the pole shoe 113 center that is located at, from end face or cross section, the installing hole 1132 of pole shoe 113 be shaped as arch, described fixing hole 1133 arranges towards vertical perforation of described installing hole 1132 under described pole shoe 113.In the present embodiment, fixing hole 1133 is the strip through hole axially connecting, and is more convenient for installing.Referring to Fig. 4,5, in the installing hole 1132 of described pole shoe 113, be provided with one and extend axially the pole shoe fixed lever 114 of through shaft to pole shoe 113, pole shoe fixed lever 114 is fixed on described pole shoe 113 on described rotor block 101 by screw 117.Be provided with fixing dististyle 115 in the outer face of the end of rotor block 101 permanent magnet 112, for axial restraint permanent magnet 112, the both ends of pole shoe fixed lever 114 have the stiff end 1145 of upwards 90 ° of bendings, and fixing dististyle 115 is fixed on the stiff end 1145 of pole shoe fixed lever 114; The position of the corresponding pole shoe installing hole 1132 in upper end of fixing dististyle 115 has a v-shaped openings.The installing hole of pole shoe 113 1132 is designed to through-hole form by the present invention, and fixing dististyle 115 has opening in the position of installing hole 1132, thereby be beneficial to ventilation and heat.
In order to prevent leakage field, between pole shoe 113, permanent magnet 112 and described rotor block 101, be provided with pole shoe insulator 116.
In order to be further beneficial to the distribution in magnetic field, the outer peripheral face of pole shoe 113 is outside outstanding curved surface shape,
In the present embodiment, permanent magnet 112 is four layers of bonding formation of magnetic material, can effectively reduce eddy current loss thus, raises the efficiency.
The present invention is because motor utmost point groove mix proportion is 5:6, stator winding 202 adopts half coil form, permanent magnet 112 is fixing by pole shoe 113, thereby can greatly reduce stator winding caused loss in rotor, and what can make magnetic field by pole shoe 113 is evenly distributed, reduces eddy current loss, can effectively suppress high order harmonic component, and the ad hoc structure of pole shoe 113 makes rotor ventilation radiating effect better, reduce the air gap between rotor and stator simultaneously, improved electric efficiency.Therefore motor of the present invention has advantages of that loss is low, temperature rise is low, efficiency is high, without separately establishing cooling device.
Embodiment bis-, referring to Fig. 7, in figure, provide and the different stator winding connected mode of showing in Fig. 3 of embodiment mono-: by the first group of three-phase winding element (a1, b1, c1) in 8 three-phase winding elements and second group of three-phase winding element (a2, b2, c2) series connection, the 3rd group of three-phase winding element (a3, b3, c3) and the 4th group of three-phase winding element (a4, b4, c4) series connection, the 5th group and the 6th group of series connection, the 7th group and the 8th group of series connection, so form independently three phase windings of quadruplet.In conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 7, taking wherein first group its connecting mode is described as example.In order to be described clearly, by one end, the left side of coil unit a1 be defined as head end, one end, the right is defined as end, coil unit b1 one end adjacent with a1 is that head end, the other end are end (following examples are identical) successively.The head end of coil unit a1 in three-phase winding element (a1, b1, c1), the end of b1, the head end of c1 connect respectively exit, and the end of coil unit a1 connects the end of the coil unit a2 of three-phase winding element (a2, b2, c2); The head end of the head end line coil unit b2 of coil unit b1, the end of the end line coil unit c2 of coil unit c1, thus, forms independently three phase windings (A1, B1, C1), by that analogy, form another three three phase windings (A2, B2, C2) independently; (A3, B3, C3); (A4, B4, C4); 4 independently three phase windings can be in parallel use; Or by three phase windings (A1, B1, C1) and three phase windings (A3, B3, C3) parallel connection, ((A4, B4, the C4) parallel connection of three phase windings (A2, B2, C2) and three phase windings.
Embodiment tri-, referring to Fig. 8, in figure, provide and the different stator winding connected mode of showing in Fig. 3 of embodiment mono-and embodiment bis-Fig. 7: by first, second, third and fourth group three-phase winding element (a1, b1, c1), (a2, b2, c2), (a3, b3, c3); (a4, b4, c4) series winding is independently three phase windings (A1, B1, C1), by the 5th, six, seven, eight groups of three-phase winding elements (a5, b5, c5), (a6, b6, c6), (a7, b7, c7); (a8, b8, c8) series winding is independently three phase windings (A2, B2, C2); Taking first three phase winding (A1, B1, C1) as example: the head end of the coil unit a1 in three-phase winding element (a1, b1, c1), the end of b1, the head end of c1 connect respectively exit, the end of a1 connects the end of the coil unit a2 of three-phase winding element (a2, b2, c2); The head end of the head end line coil unit b2 of coil unit b1, the end of the end line coil unit c2 of coil unit c1; The head end of the head end coil unit a3 of coil unit a2, the end of the end connecting coil unit b3 of coil unit b2, the head end of the head end connecting coil unit c3 of coil unit c2; The end connecting coil unit a4 of coil unit a3 is end, the head end of the head end connecting coil unit b4 of b3, the end of coil unit c3 connects the end of c4, the head end of the head end of coil unit a4, the end of b4, c4 connects asterism, form thus independently three-phase symmetrical monodentate half winding (A1, B1, C1), another independent three phase windings are identical with it.
Obviously, stator winding of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned connected mode, all three-phase winding elements all can also be connected, and forms independently three phase windings.Can also change the number of teeth of motor stator, the number of pole-pairs of rotor, obtain more execution mode.It is 5:6 that the present invention aims to provide a kind of motor utmost point groove mix proportion, and stator winding is monodentate half winding, and space width ratio is 1, the multipole permagnetic synchronous motor of the low rotor loss by pole shoe fixed permanent magnet.Those of ordinary skill in the art understand, and in the case of not departing from the spirit and scope that claim limits, can make many amendments, variation or equivalence, within all will falling into protection scope of the present invention.