CN102463268B - Zinc alloy bar extruding process designing and optimizing method - Google Patents
Zinc alloy bar extruding process designing and optimizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a zinc alloy bar extruding process designing and optimizing method, which comprises the steps of: obtaining a true-stress and true-strain curve of a zinc alloy by adopting a high-temperature compression and high-temperature tension test; establishing a constitutive equation and an operation drawing of the zinc alloy, carrying out microstructure analysis, researching a thermal deformational behavior, selecting a deformation condition suitable for processing; carrying out finite element numerical simulation, establishing an extrusion forming limit drawing, optimizing an extrusion process window, carrying out thermal extrusion to obtain a zinc alloy bar; and establishing an extrusion test data base, and predicting a relationship between the extrusion process and surface cracking, quality and performance of the extrusion bar by adopting a neutral network. The invention can realize optimal matching of all parameters in a process of extruding the zinc alloy bar, accurate control on the extruding process, and integration of process design, optimization and performance control. The prepared zinc alloy bar has the characteristics of better surface quality, fine and uniform textures, high performance, high pass percent and high production efficiency, is suitable for massive production, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technological design and optimization method of Zinc alloy bar extruding, belong to non-ferrous metals processing shaping field.
Background technology
Universal along with copper application, worldwide copper resource scarcity, and the high-performance zinc alloy material has light specific gravity, moderate strength, hardness is high, cost is low characteristics, is described as the new material of 21st century.The performances such as its intensity, hardness, friction are close with copper alloy, for this reason, the research and development new zinc alloy, the expensive copper of zinc replacement with cheapness, have significant economic benefit and social benefit, is also the most promising solution of alleviating internal copper resource anxiety.Find by prior art documents, the patent that relates to the technological design of system research Zinc alloy bar extruding and optimization method is less.
Therefore, need a kind of optimal design Zinc alloy bar hot extrusion technique of exploitation,, to solve the Zinc alloy bar extruding problems of crack, improve quality and the extrusion bar rate of extruded bars, reduce costs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the technical bottleneck of Zinc alloy bar processing, a kind of method of Zinc alloy bar extruding optimal design is provided.take Zn-Al series and Zn-Cu series kirsite as research object, adopts high temperature compressed and high temperature tension test, study the hot deformation behavior of kirsite, set up the deformation condition of kirsite constitutive equation and the suitable processing of manuscript selection, adopt finite element numerical simulation to set up the extrusion molding limiting figure of kirsite, optimize kirsite extrusion process window, carry out squeeze test on this basis, analyze microstructure and the performance of extruded bars, set up squeeze test technological parameter and extruded bars structure property database, adopt neural network prediction extrusion process and product defects, relation between cost and performance, integrated kirsite Characteristics of Thermal deformation, finite element numerical simulation, the extrusion molding limiting figure, squeeze test, advanced investigation of materials means of testing and advanced numerical computation method, optimal design Zinc alloy bar hot extrusion technique, solve the Zinc alloy bar extruding problems of crack, improve quality and the extrusion bar rate of extruded bars, reduce costs.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design and optimization method, comprise the steps:
(1) with the kirsite ingot casting, be machined to high temperature compressed and the drawing by high temperature sample, carry out high temperature compressed and high temperature tension test, obtain the true stress-true stain curve of kirsite under the different distortion condition;
(2) test data of step (1) gained is processed, set up constitutive equation and the manuscript of kirsite, the sample after distortion is carried out Analysis on Microstructure, research hot deformation behavior, the deformation condition of the suitable processing of selection;
(3) constitutive equation of utilizing step (2) to set up, carry out finite element numerical simulation to the extrusion process of Zinc alloy bar, sets up the extrusion molding limiting figure, optimizes the extrusion process window, and carry out hot extrusion, obtains Zinc alloy bar;
(4), with the squeeze test data building database of step (3) gained, adopt the relation between neural network prediction extrusion process and extruded bars face checking, quality and performance.
A kind of preferred technical scheme is characterized in that: described kirsite is Zn-Al-Cu series or Zn-Cu-Ti series kirsite, and in Zn-Al-Cu series kirsite, the weight content of Al is that the weight content of 5～30%, Cu is 0.2～4%; In Zn-Cu-Ti series kirsite, the weight content of Cu is that the weight content of 1%～12%, Ti is 0.1～2%.
A kind of preferred technical scheme is characterized in that: in the high temperature compressed test described in step (1), temperature range is 150～400 ℃, and temperature interval is 40～50 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～10s
-1In high temperature tension test described in step (1), temperature range is 200～350 ℃, and temperature interval is 30 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～0.1s
-1
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: the detailed process of step (2) is: adopt linear regression and nonlinear regression to set up the constitutive equation system of kirsite, adopt dynamic material model to set up the manuscript of kirsite, adopt the advanced means of testing such as metallographic microscope, ESEM, transmission electron microscope and EBSD technology to analyze microstructure and the Fracture Characteristics of kirsite under the different distortion condition, and, in conjunction with manuscript, determine the deformation condition of the suitable processing of kirsite and the deformation condition that crackle appears in sample.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: the process of setting up of the extrusion molding limiting figure described in step (3): adopt the distribution of the dependent field amounts such as finite element analysis kirsite extrusion temperature field, stress field and rate of strain field, under certain extrusion ratio, calculating pressure limit curve and squeeze out a mouthful overheating limit curve (temperature of crackle appears in sample), under speed and temperature coordinate, draw pressure limit curve and overheating limit curve, obtain the extrusion molding limiting figure.
A kind of preferred technical scheme is characterized in that: the technological parameter of the squeeze test described in step (3) is selected in the scope of manuscript and the optimization of extrusion molding limiting figure.
A kind of preferred technical scheme is characterized in that: in the extrusion molding limiting figure described in step (3), the scope of extrusion ratio is 15～100, and temperature is 150～400 ℃, and speed is 1.5～30mm/s; Extrusion process parameters in conjunction with manuscript and the optimization of extrusion molding limiting figure is: the scope of extrusion ratio is 30～50, and temperature is 200～320 ℃, and speed is 3～20mm/s.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: in the squeeze test database described in step (4), data owner will comprise: extrusion billet temperature, extruding outlet temperature, extrusion die temperature, extrusion speed, extruding force, extrusion ratio, extrusion billet specification, the extruded bars diameter, racking strain speed, extruded bars performance and tissue.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: the neutral net described in step (4) is BP (BackPropagation) neutral net, adopts Matlab software programming program to set up the neural network prediction database of extrusion process and extruded bars product quality and performances.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention can realize the optimum collocation of all parameters in the Zinc alloy bar extruding process, accurately controls extrusion process, and integrated process design optimization is to Properties Control, automaticity is high, solve the Zinc alloy bar extruding problem of Cracking, improved product quality and lumber recovery, reduced cost.the crystal structure of kirsite is close-packed hexagonal structure, plasticity is poor, the fusing point of kirsite is low, in plastic processing due to the generation of distortion heat, very easily cause superheating phenomenon, cause the extruded bars cracking, make the lumber recovery of kirsite extruded bars low, production efficiency is low, adopt compression and tension test to obtain the deformation condition of the suitable processing of kirsite in conjunction with manuscript, push the finite element numerical simulation meter by kirsite, set up the extrusion molding limiting figure, effectively control extrusion speed, extrusion temperature, mold preheating temperature, the extruding outlet temperature, extruding outlet strain rate etc., realize that the temperature in kirsite crimp district is in the temperature and strain rate scope of suitable distortion, avoid occurring superheating phenomenon and Surface of Rod Bar cracking, on the basis that the extrusion molding limiting figure is optimized, in conjunction with test data, neural network prediction, further Optimizing Process Parameters, realize the Optimum Matching of process and performance, improve the quality of extruded bars, obtain high-performance, kirsite extruded bars cheaply.
Extrusion process is best suited for the deformation processing of inductile material, bar extruding technique is simple, cost is low, production efficiency is higher, the extruded bars surface quality is good, by extrusion process, has eliminated casting flaw, and tissue obtains refinement, significantly improve performance, method of the present invention is suitable for large-scale production.The bar of producing can replace expensive copper, has significant economic benefit and social benefit, is also the most promising solution of alleviating internal copper resource anxiety.
The present invention will be further described below by the specific embodiment, but and do not mean that limiting the scope of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Adopt the Zn-10Al-2Cu kirsite ingot casting of D.C.casting, be processed into high temperature compressed pig moulding machine and the drawing by high temperature sample.The temperature range of high temperature compressed test is 150～350 ℃, and temperature interval is 50 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～10s
-1The temperature range of high temperature tension test is 200～320 ℃, and temperature interval is 30 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～0.1s
-1Adopt linear regression and nonlinear regression to set up the constitutive equation system of kirsite, adopt dynamic material model, utilize Matlab software programming program, set up manuscript, adopt microstructure and fracture analysis under ESEM (EBSD) and metallography microscope sem observation different distortion condition, determine the deformation condition of the suitable processing of kirsite, the suitable hot worked temperature range of this alloy is 220～300 ℃.The scope of strain rate is 0.01～1s
-1Adopt commercial finite element software, set up the extruding FEM model, calculated under different extrusion ratios, pressure limit curve and squeeze out a mouthful overheating limit curve (temperature of crackle appears in sample), under speed and temperature coordinate, draw pressure limit curve and overheating limit curve, obtain the extrusion molding limiting figure.The scope of extrusion ratio of setting up the extruding limiting figure of kirsite is 18～50, and temperature is 180～300 ℃, and speed is 1.5～12mm/s.But carry out squeeze test in the crush zone of extrusion molding limiting figure, the performance of test extruded bars, adopt Matlab software programming program to set up the neural network prediction database of extrusion process and extruded bars product quality and performances based on test data.The extrusion process parameters of further optimizing is: the scope of extrusion ratio is 30～40, and temperature is 220～260 ℃, and speed is 3～8mm/s.Under this condition, the surface quality of extruded bars and functional, production efficiency is high, and lumber recovery can reach more than 78%.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the Zn-8Al-1Cu kirsite ingot casting of D.C.casting, be processed into high temperature compressed pig moulding machine and the drawing by high temperature sample.The temperature range of high temperature compressed test is 200～350 ℃, and temperature interval is 50 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～10s
-1The temperature range of high temperature tension test is 200～320 ℃, and temperature interval is 30 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～0.1s
-1Adopt linear regression and nonlinear regression to set up the constitutive equation system of kirsite, adopt dynamic material model, utilize Matlab software programming program, set up manuscript, adopt microstructure and fracture analysis under ESEM (EBSD) and metallography microscope sem observation different distortion condition, determine the deformation condition of the suitable processing of kirsite, the suitable hot worked temperature range of this alloy is 200～300 ℃.The scope of strain rate is 0.01～2.5s
-1Adopt commercial finite element software, set up the extruding FEM model, calculated under different extrusion ratios, pressure limit curve and squeeze out a mouthful overheating limit curve (temperature of crackle appears in sample), under speed and temperature coordinate, draw pressure limit curve and overheating limit curve, obtain the extrusion molding limiting figure.The scope of extrusion ratio of setting up the extruding limiting figure of kirsite is 18～80, and temperature is 180～300 ℃, and speed is 2～20mm/s.But carry out squeeze test in the crush zone of extrusion molding limiting figure, the performance of test extruded bars, adopt Matlab software programming program to set up the neural network prediction database of extrusion process and extruded bars product quality and performances based on test data.The extrusion process parameters of further optimizing is: the scope of extrusion ratio is 35～50, and temperature is 200～280 ℃, and speed is 4～15mm/s.Under this condition, the surface quality of extruded bars and functional, production efficiency is high, and lumber recovery can reach more than 85%.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the Zn-8Cu-0.3Ti kirsite ingot casting of D.C.casting, be processed into high temperature compressed pig moulding machine and the drawing by high temperature sample.The temperature range of high temperature compressed test is 200～400 ℃, and temperature interval is 40 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～10s
-1The temperature range of high temperature tension test is 200～350 ℃, and temperature interval is 30 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～0.1s-1.Adopt linear regression and nonlinear regression to set up the constitutive equation system of kirsite, adopt dynamic material model, utilize Matlab software programming program, set up manuscript, adopt microstructure and fracture analysis under ESEM (EBSD) and metallography microscope sem observation different distortion condition, determine the deformation condition of the suitable processing of kirsite, the suitable hot worked temperature range of this alloy is 240～350 ℃.The scope of strain rate is 0.1～3.5s
-1Adopt commercial finite element software, set up the extruding FEM model, calculated under different extrusion ratios, pressure limit curve and squeeze out a mouthful overheating limit curve (temperature of crackle appears in sample), under speed and temperature coordinate, draw pressure limit curve and overheating limit curve, obtain the extrusion molding limiting figure.The scope of extrusion ratio of setting up the extruding limiting figure of kirsite is 20～60, and temperature is 200～350 ℃, and speed is 2～30mm/s.But carry out squeeze test in the crush zone of extrusion molding limiting figure, the performance of test extruded bars, adopt Matlab software programming program to set up the neural network prediction database of extrusion process and extruded bars product quality and performances based on test data.The extrusion process parameters of further optimizing is: the scope of extrusion ratio is 30～50, and temperature is 240～320 ℃, and speed is 5～20mm/s.Under this condition, the surface quality of extruded bars and functional, production efficiency is high, and lumber recovery can reach more than 82%.
Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design of the present invention and optimization method, be characterized as basis with kirsite hot-working, computational analysis and squeeze test organically combine Optimizing Process Parameters, the design such as integrated kirsite hot deformation behavior, manuscript, finite element modelling, extrusion molding limiting figure, squeeze test, performance test, neutral net and optimization Zinc alloy bar extruding technological parameter, adopt the Matlab coding to set up the relation of technological parameter and production capacity, product quality, the technological parameter of the suitable extruding of acquisition kirsite based on nerve net.
This method can realize the Optimum Matching of all parameters in the Zinc alloy bar extruding process, accurately control extrusion process, integrated technological design, optimization and Properties Control, the Surface of Rod Bar quality of preparation is good, fine microstructures, evenly, performance is high, lumber recovery is high, and production efficiency is high, and the method is suitable for large-scale production, the bar of producing can replace expensive copper, has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (9)
1. a Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design and optimization method, comprise the steps:
(1) with the kirsite ingot casting, be machined to high temperature compressed and the drawing by high temperature sample, carry out high temperature compressed and high temperature tension test, obtain the true stress-true stain curve of kirsite under the different distortion condition;
(2) test data of step (1) gained is processed, set up constitutive equation and the manuscript of kirsite, the sample after distortion is carried out Analysis on Microstructure, research hot deformation behavior, the deformation condition of the suitable processing of selection;
(3) constitutive equation of utilizing step (2) to set up, carry out finite element numerical simulation to the extrusion process of Zinc alloy bar, sets up the extrusion molding limiting figure, optimizes the extrusion process window, and carry out the hot extrusion test, obtains Zinc alloy bar;
(4), with the squeeze test data building database of step (3) gained, adopt the relation between neural network prediction extrusion process and extruded bars face checking, quality and performance.
2. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: described kirsite is Zn-Al-Cu series or Zn-Cu-Ti series kirsite, in Zn-Al-Cu series kirsite, the weight content of Al is that the weight content of 5～30%, Cu is 0.2～4%; In Zn-Cu-Ti series kirsite, the weight content of Cu is that the weight content of 1%～12%, Ti is 0.1～2%.
3. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: in the high temperature compressed test described in step (1), temperature range is 150～400 ℃, and temperature interval is 40～50 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～10s
-1In high temperature tension test described in step (1), temperature range is 200～350 ℃, and temperature interval is 30 ℃, and the strain rate scope is 0.001～0.1s
-1
4. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: the detailed process of step (2) is: adopt linear regression and nonlinear regression to set up the constitutive equation system of kirsite, adopt dynamic material model to set up the manuscript of kirsite, adopt metallographic microscope, ESEM, transmission electron microscope and microstructure and the Fracture Characteristics of EBSD technical Analysis kirsite under the different distortion condition, and, in conjunction with manuscript, determine the deformation condition of the suitable processing of kirsite and the deformation condition that crackle appears in sample.
5. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: the process of setting up of the extrusion molding limiting figure described in step (3): adopt the distribution of finite element analysis kirsite extrusion temperature field, stress field and rate of strain field, under certain extrusion ratio, calculating pressure limit curve and squeeze out a mouthful overheating limit curve, under speed and temperature coordinate, draw pressure limit curve and overheating limit curve, obtain the extrusion molding limiting figure.
6. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: the technological parameter of the squeeze test described in step (3) is selected in the scope of manuscript and the optimization of extrusion molding limiting figure.
7. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: in the extrusion molding limiting figure described in step (3), the scope of extrusion ratio is 15～100, and temperature is 150～400 ℃, and speed is 1.5～30mm/s; Extrusion process parameters in conjunction with manuscript and the optimization of extrusion molding limiting figure is: the scope of extrusion ratio is 30～50, and temperature is 200～320 ℃, and speed is 3～20mm/s.
8. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: in the squeeze test database described in step (4), data owner will comprise: extrusion billet temperature, extruding outlet temperature, extrusion die temperature, extrusion speed, extruding force, extrusion ratio, extrusion billet specification, extruded bars diameter, racking strain speed, extruded bars performance and tissue.
9. Zinc alloy bar extruding technological design according to claim 1 and optimization method, it is characterized in that: the neutral net described in step (4) is the BP neutral net, adopts Matlab software programming program to set up the neural network prediction database of extrusion process and extruded bars product quality and performances.
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