CN102441252A - Lower limb movement mode shaping training device and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A lower limb movement pattern shaping training device includes a waist circumference, an angle-adjustable joint movement limiter, an alloy branch, a sole plate and a fixing belt; the joint movement limiters are hip, knee and ankle joint movement limiters respectively; the alloy branch is connected to the hip and knee joint movement limiters in sequence through rivets and is connected to the waist circumference as a whole; the lower part of the alloy branch is connected to the sole plate through the ankle joint movement limiter. When worn, the waist circumferences on both sides are connected as a whole through a fixing belt with nylon hook and loop sewed at the end and fixed to the pelvis; the alloy branch is fixed to each joint limiter and waist circumference respectively through rivets; during training, the corresponding model is selected according to the specific situation of the patient; after the patient wears it, walking movement pattern training is carried out, and each joint is only allowed to move on the sagittal axis, fully limiting the abduction and adduction of the hip joint, the hyperextension of the knee joint and the inversion and valgus of the foot, so as to limit abnormal movement patterns, and gradually re-establish normal movement patterns through repeated training.

Description

Lower limb movement pattern shaping training device and using method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to a rehabilitation training device, in particular to a special rehabilitation training device for walking and reshaping lower limb movement patterns of hemiplegic and paraplegic patients.

Background technique

The formation of human movement patterns is to first establish a movement program in the motor center of the cerebral cortex—that is, the driving signal sent by the brain to the muscles involved in joint activities. The actual movement function necessary for daily life and productive labor - movement pattern.

The time required to develop a motor program is closely related to the degree of evolution of the species. The more evolved a species, the longer it takes for its motor program to establish. For example, it takes about a year for a human to have the ability to walk, run and jump, while a sheep has the ability to walk, jump and run a few hours after birth. Movement pattern is the external manifestation of the motor program in the motor center of the cerebral cortex, and the quality of its formation directly affects the flexibility, complexity, speed, duration, energy consumption and external manifestation of the movement. Before, during and after the formation of the motor pattern, if the central nervous system (CNS) is damaged for some reason, the motor program will be damaged to varying degrees, and the motor model of the motor program will also be produced. abnormality, or even complete loss. Exercising in chronically abnormal motor patterns can lead to the development of abnormal motor programs.

Common abnormal movement patterns of the lower limbs include "circling gait" and "dragging gait" in patients with hemiplegia, "scissors gait" in children with cerebral palsy, and "swing gait" in spinal cord injuries. The reason for its formation is that certain muscles are paralyzed after CNS injury. When the patient is exercising, the paralyzed muscles cannot function, and its function depends on changes in body posture and compensation by other muscles, resulting in abnormal forms of lower limbs during exercise.

The corrective treatment of abnormal movement patterns must start from two aspects. One is to reconstruct the movement program, which is the basis for forming the normal movement pattern; the other is to correct the abnormal movement pattern to prevent the movement in the abnormal movement pattern from affecting the normal movement procedure. The two complement each other and are indispensable. The close and reasonable application of the two can restore the normal movement pattern and restore the possibility of losing motor function.

At present, traditional rehabilitation techniques such as Bobath, Rood, Brunnstrom, PNF, and electrical stimulation are commonly used at home and abroad. Because primitive reflexes, passive movements, and input stimulation are used to induce voluntary movements of the limbs, the effect of promoting the recovery of CNS functions is very weak, making rehabilitation difficult. The effect of treatment is affected. Although these therapies have been adopted by most rehabilitation institutions at home and abroad, there are different views on this in the field of rehabilitation medicine at home and abroad. More importantly, among all the rehabilitation methods currently used at home and abroad, there is a common shortcoming that "cannot effectively restrict unnecessary activities in activities", that is, they lack the function of correcting abnormal movement patterns and rebuilding normal movement patterns.

The main function of walking aids is to bear weight and prevent joint movement. Its function is to enable paraplegic patients to stand passively and walk passively relying on the swing of the trunk to the healthy side, locking the joints so that the affected limb bears weight, rather than rebuilding the movement pattern. use.

Therefore, it is an important research direction and an urgent need for clinical rehabilitation to study the training method of reshaping the movement pattern based on the reconstruction of the movement program, especially the supporting equipment that can "effectively limit unnecessary activities in activities" applied in conjunction with the method .

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to invent a training method suitable for reshaping the movement pattern, which can effectively prevent unnecessary joint movement of the lower limbs when walking, and gradually reshape the normal movement pattern of the lower limbs on the basis of correcting the abnormal movement pattern. device.

The present invention is achieved in that the basic structure of the lower limbs movement pattern shaping training device includes: waist circumference, angle-adjustable hips, knees, ankle joint activity limiters, single or multiple aluminum (magnesium) alloy branches, sole plate and fixing straps. The alloy branches are sequentially connected with the hip and knee joint activity limiters through rivets and connected with the waistline on one side or both sides as a whole. The lower part of the alloy branch is connected with the sole plate through the ankle joint activity limiter; the sole plate does not affect the activity of the sagittal direction (frontal axis) of the ankle joint while correcting foot drop. Among them, the waist is made of high-temperature thermoplastic plate material according to the shape of the waist and hips; it plays the role of supporting and restricting the adduction and abduction of the limbs. The sole plate is a foot orthosis made of an alloy sole plate or a high-temperature thermoplastic plate material.

When wearing, the waists on both sides are connected as a whole through the fixing belt with nylon hook and loop at the end, and fixed to the pelvis; it is convenient to put on and take off. The alloy branches are respectively fixed on each joint limiter and waist circumference by rivets; the corresponding model is selected according to the specific situation of the patient during training, and the patient performs walking exercise mode training after wearing it, and only hip joints, knee joints, and ankle joints are allowed to move on the sagittal axis The abduction and adduction of the hip joint, the hyperextension of the knee joint and the inversion and inversion of the foot are sufficiently limited to limit abnormal movement patterns, and the normal movement pattern is gradually re-established through repeated training. When performing walking exercise mode training, the therapist helps the patient wear the exercise mode shaping training device, adjust the hip, knee, and ankle joint positions, wear the waist circumference, and fasten the Velcro. It can effectively limit abnormal activities and reshape normal movement patterns. During the walking exercise mode training, the therapist is located on the affected side of the patient, and the gait training is carried out by adjusting the auxiliary strength of the patient when walking according to the actual situation of the patient. During the gait training, the therapist guides the patient to normal hip flexion, knee extension, foot dorsiflexion and foot valgus under the use of the device according to the rehabilitation training method of the neural training walking movement mode, pay attention to the shift of the center of gravity when walking, and prevent the hip Abduction and adduction, knee hyperextension, foot drop, and abnormal joint motion in varus and varus.

Compared with the prior art, the positive effect of the present invention is that the lower extremity movement pattern remodeling training device only allows joints to carry out activities in the normal direction, effectively restricting unnecessary activities in activities (such as circle drawing, scissors gait, etc.) , Rehabilitation training equipment used in conjunction with exercise mode reshaping training methods. By effectively limiting the training of "unnecessary activities in activities", the abnormal movement patterns that have been formed can be corrected, and the reconstructed movement procedures can be gradually transformed into normal movement patterns through repeated training. In this way, the motor function of the patient can be improved, and the ability of daily life can be improved.

There are obvious qualitative differences between exercise mode reshaping training devices and walking aids in terms of use and structure. The function of walking aids is only to lock the joints and support the body weight when the patient is standing. The sports mode reshaping training device is a proprietary active sports training device that transforms the established sports program into actual sports functions through training. All joints are in a state of movement during use, and appropriate restrictions are imposed according to whether the joints have abnormal angles (such as opisthotonus), and only joints are allowed to move in the normal direction, and activities in abnormal directions are restricted. This is an active remodeling under the guidance of a therapist. Sports mode training.

The training type of the present invention is mainly suitable for early training in the rehabilitation hall of the hospital. After the abnormal movement pattern is corrected and the normal movement pattern is basically formed, in order to reduce the hospitalization time, the patient can wear the household type for a period of time at home to maintain the curative effect , to ensure the normal movement mode, remove it after the normal movement mode is solidified.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of one side of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the double-sided structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As can be seen from the structural representation of the present invention as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the basic structure of lower extremity movement pattern shaping training device comprises: ) Alloy branches 3, foot plate 4, fixing belt 5 and rivets 6. The joint movement limiter 2 can limit the range of joint rotation and the initial joint angle (such as 15 flexion positions or extension positions, etc.). The length of the aluminum (magnesium) alloy branch 3 is adjustable, so as to be suitable for patients with different heights. The joint motion limiter 2 only allows the hip, knee, and ankle joints to move in the sagittal direction (frontal axis). The lower part of the branch 3 is connected with the aluminum alloy foot plate 4 (the family type is changed to a foot orthosis made of high-temperature thermoplastic plate material) through the ankle joint activity limiter 2 that only allows sagittal direction movement. The branches 3 on both sides are connected as a whole through the waist 1 made of high-temperature thermoplastic board. It plays the role of supporting and restricting the movement of limbs such as adduction and abduction. The plantar plate 4 does not affect the activities in the sagittal direction (frontal axis) of the ankle joint while correcting abnormal joint positions such as foot drop and foot inversion and valgus.

When worn, the waistlines on both sides are connected as a whole through the fixing belt 5 with nylon adhesive buckle sewed at the end, and fixed on the pelvis. The use of Velcro fastening is for easy on and off while being firmly fixed. The branches 3 are respectively fixed on each joint limiter 2 and the waistline 1 by rivets 6 .

During training, select the corresponding model according to the specific situation of the patient, so as to effectively limit abnormal activities and reshape the normal movement pattern. After the patient wears the walking movement mode training, only the hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint are allowed to move on the sagittal axis, and the abduction and adduction of the hip joint, the hyperextension of the knee joint and the varus and varus of the foot are fully restricted to limit Abnormal movement patterns, normal movement patterns are gradually re-established through repeated training.

Indications: It is suitable for the training of the walking movement pattern of the lower limbs of patients with limb movement dysfunction and abnormal movement patterns after stroke and traumatic brain injury, especially for the rehabilitation training of patients with abnormal movement patterns of the lower limbs who have not been treated by other rehabilitation methods .

Contraindications: 1. Patients with high blood pressure and diabetes who have not been effectively controlled; 2. Patients with unstable conditions after stroke; 3. Patients with upper and lower extremity fractures, articular cartilage and ligament injuries that are not healed firmly; 4. Unhealed rib fractures , or those with unhealed chest and pelvic soft tissue injuries.

Each training session lasts 20-30 minutes, 20 times as a course of treatment, reassess after a week of rest, and formulate a training plan for the next course of treatment. Before the patient undergoes exercise pattern shaping training treatment, the neural training and rehabilitation method should be used for the training of neural potential development and movement program reconstruction, and then the exercise pattern shaping training device should be used for walking exercise pattern training. The training should be done step by step. If the patient has symptoms of discomfort during the training, it can be adjusted by increasing the weight loss or shortening the training time. Do not blindly train with high intensity. During the training, pay attention to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of patients, activate the training atmosphere, use encouraging words, and avoid using reprimand and critical words.

During walking exercise mode training, the therapist helps the patient wear the exercise mode shaping training device, adjust the position of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, wear the waist circumference, fasten the Velcro, and determine the amount of weight loss according to the specific situation of the patient. The therapist is located on the affected side of the patient, and according to the actual situation of the patient, adjusts the size of the auxiliary force when the patient walks to perform gait training; during the gait training, the therapist guides the patient under the use of the device according to the rehabilitation training method of the neural training walking movement mode Normal hip flexion, knee extension, foot dorsiflexion, and foot valgus. Pay attention to shifting the center of gravity when walking to prevent abnormal joint activities such as hip abduction and adduction, knee hyperextension, foot drop, and valgus.

The lower limb movement mode shaping training device is divided into two types according to the purpose: training type and household type. According to the location, it is divided into five types: double-limb type, single-limb type, trunk double-limb type, trunk single-limb type and partial type. The principle and structure of each type are basically the same, that is, through the restriction of the adjustable joint movement limiter 2 and the branches 3, the abnormal angle and abnormal movement in the joint movement are effectively restricted.

The difference between the training type and the household type exercise mode shaping training device is that the training type is suitable for training in the early stage of training and is generally carried out in the rehabilitation hall of the hospital. Since patients who have just started exercise pattern reshaping training have severe abnormal movement patterns, it is necessary to use double aluminum alloy branches with high bending strength 3 to strengthen the whole body, strengthen support and joint movement limitation. This type of training device is worn over clothing when worn. The household type is suitable for patients whose normal exercise pattern has been basically established after exercise pattern shaping training. In order to prevent the recurrence of abnormal movement patterns caused by abnormal joint activities during self-exercise after discharge from the hospital, a lightweight restrictive device was developed to maintain the normal movement patterns that have been formed. This type of training device selects a magnesium alloy branch 3 with a slightly lower bending strength, but its own weight is only one-third of the aluminum alloy branch, and most of them are single branches 3 . This type has the following characteristics: (1) The branch is light in weight and can be worn in pants; (2) It can be disassembled flexibly and can be assembled according to needs; (3) It is easy to wear and can be worn for a long time, generally for 6-12 months; (4) It can effectively limit unnecessary activities during joint activities, but it does not affect the normal direction of joint activities; (5) It can effectively correct abnormal joint positions, such as foot drop and varus and so on.

Claims (9)

1. a lower extremity movement pattern plastotype trainer includes waistline, adjustable angle joint motion limiter, alloy branch, foot plate, fixed band and rivet and forms; It is characterized in that: said joint motion limiter is respectively hip, knee, ankle-joint motion limiter; Described alloy branch links to each other with hip, knee joint motion limiter successively through rivet and is connected as a single entity with waistline; Described alloy branch its underpart links to each other with foot plate through the ankle-joint motion limiter.

2. trainer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described alloy branch is that telescopic list props up or many aluminium alloys or magnesium alloy branch.

3. trainer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described waistline adopts high temperature thermoplastic version sheet material material to form by the moulding of waist buttocks shape.

4. trainer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described foot plate is the orthopedic remedy instrument for foot that alloy foot plate or high temperature thermoplastic plate material are made.

5. trainer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: its end of described fixed band is sewed with nylon adherent buckle.

6. trainer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described alloy branch links to each other with hip, knee joint motion limiter through rivet successively and one-sided or bilateral is connected as a single entity with waistline.

7. the method for using of a lower extremity movement pattern plasticity trainer, it is characterized in that: during wearing, the fixed band that is sewed with nylon adherent buckle through end is connected as a single entity the both sides waistline, and is fixed in pelvis; The alloy branch is individually fixed on each joint limiter and the waistline through rivet; Concrete condition according to the patient during training is selected respective model for use; The patient dresses the be in luck dynamic model formula training of laggard every trade; Only allow hip joint, knee joint, ankle-joint to carry out the activity on the sagittal axis; Turn up in the abduction of abundant restriction hip joint and interior receipts, kneed hyperextension and the foot; To limit unusual motor pattern, the proper motion pattern is rebulid gradually through repetition training.

8. method for using as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that: the therapist helps the patient to dress motor pattern plastotype trainer during described walking movement pattern drill; Regulate hip, knee, ankle-joint position, dressed waistline, fasten velcro; According to the amount of patient's concrete condition decision loss of weight, can effectively limit abnormal movement, reinvent proper motion pattern degree of being; Described its therapist of walking movement pattern drill is positioned at patient's Ipsilateral, regulates according to patient's actual conditions and assists the size of dynamics to carry out gait training when the patient walks.

9. method for using as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that: the therapist is according to the recovery training method of nerve instruction and guide walking movement pattern during described gait training; Under this device of use, instruct the patient normally to bend hip, stretch knee, dorsiflexion of foot and the strephexopodia; Notice during walking that center of gravity shifts, prevent hip abduction and interior receipts, knee hyperextension, drop foot and in the abnormal joint activity of turning up.

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