CN102440130A - Method for natural propagation of dendrobium officinale seeds - Google Patents
Method for natural propagation of dendrobium officinale seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for natural propagation of dendrobium officinale seeds, which includes specific steps: (1) selecting fruits, (2) sorting culture matrixes, (3) comprehensively controlling environment, (4) researching and applying nutrition physiology, and (5) controlling micro-ecological environment. The method in the technical scheme has the advantages that rapid propagation cost of seedlings is lowered by using the natural propagation technique for dendrobium officinale seeds, the advantage of high quantity of seeds of dendrobium officinale fruits is given to full play, the shortages of seed embryo smallness, underdevelopment and endosperm lacking can be overcome by spraying nutrient solution and controlling the micro-ecological environment, environmental factors optimal for growth of dendrobium officinale are comprehensively controlled by means of modern established planting, germination rate of seeds is increased, plant growth are promoted, in-tube culture of seed embryos is changed into out-tube culture, and accordingly the rapid seedling propagation way which is low in investment cost, simple in operation and open is realized, and dendrobium officinale industrial development is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of non-tube rapid propagation method of the stem of noble dendrobium, be specially a kind of natural propagation method of stem of noble dendrobium seed, belong to biological technical field.
Background technology
Dendrobium (Dendrobium) is that the orchid family the 2nd belongs to greatly, and there is kind more than 1500 in the whole world, and China has increased by 10 novel species on the basis of original 74 kind of 2 mutation, i.e. 86 kinds (mutation), but hyoscine has a kind more than 50.Chinese medicine stem of noble dendrobium beginning is stated from Shennong's Herbal, classifies as top gradely, has reinforcing stomach reg fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat, the effect that moistens the lung and relieve the cough.Wherein the nutritive value of dendrobium candidum is the highest, and its price also is the highest.The quick reproduction technique mode is main with tissue-culturing rapid propagation, and plant division, cuttage and the breeding of high bud are auxilliary.But the tissue culture technology cost is high, have high input, demand strict technology.To these problems, we contrast on the Investigational basis at each seedling-cultivating method, propose a kind of new quick reproduction technique approach-dendrobium candidum seed natural propagation technology, it have simple to operate, transplanting survival rate is high, cultivate low cost and other advantages.
Stem of noble dendrobium seed natural propagation technology for the growth of stem of noble dendrobium embryo provides environment such as suitable matrix, symbiosis fungi, temperature, light, gas, heat, nutrition, hormone, lets a kind of novel seedling growing process of embryo bud into whole plant promptly under open environment.The non-tube rapid propagation technology of plant is one and utilizes computer autocontrol technique to create best temperature, light, gas, heat, nutrition, hormone environment for the stripped material of plant; Let holography property, the totipotency of plant tissue be able to express the technology of the complete plant of bud into.Its most outstanding feature be under open environment, best environmental condition to be provided for the exsomatize growth of material of plant; Both abandon shortcomings such as the high investment of tube rapid propagation, difficult operation, easy infection, refining Miao Nan, possessed advantages such as propagating materials province, reproduction coefficient height, simple, the easy practicality of operating procedure again.At present, this technology is used widely on the quick reproduction technique of agricultural production, gardening and medicinal plant.
The dendrobium candidum seed is tiny, is Powdered.Each capsule contains tens thousand of to hundreds thousand of seeds, and seed is olive shape, and planting skin is 1 layer of transparent parenchyma cell, and the ring grain of thickening is arranged, in a tiny circular embryo is arranged, break up not obviously, be in the proembryo stage.Long 200～450 μ m of seed, wide 90～150 μ m, grain weighs about 1 μ g.Because the growth of embryo does not surpass the spherical stage, lacks endosperm tissue again, must descend slowly and lightly to very adapt circumstance and mycosymbiosis could be sprouted; Germination rate under the natural conditions is not as good as 5%; The stem of noble dendrobium seed growth of sprouting is grown very slowly, originally is merely a tiny green pearl, and photosynthetic area is very little; Photosynthetic intensity is low, habitat conditions is required very strict.At present, mainly carry out the embryo aseptic seeding in vitro, its germination rate is higher, and the germination rate of ripe embryo can reach more than 90%.The embryo aseptic seeding of dendrobium candidum need add sucrose to satisfy the demand of kind of embryonic development to carbon source in medium; And the medium after the adding sugar is contaminated easily; Can only in the blake bottle of sealing, cultivate, and carry out strict disinfection and loaded down with trivial details technology operation.Its shortcoming mainly shows following 4 aspects: 1. the tissue culture technology difficulty is big, and the staff must pass through strict training and can operate.2. will realize strong sprout and improve transplanting survival rate that a lot of key problem in technology factors are arranged, need continue to optimize condition and long-term exploration, the researcher is reluctant to hand over technology to others particularly intratype competition person, lacks to link up and exchange, and technical know-how property is stronger.3. expend huge manpower, power and space, cost is higher.4. transplanting survival rate is low, although the tissue culture technology of the stem of noble dendrobium has had breakthrough, the hierarchy of skill is uneven in the row, and a lot of manufacturers or medicinal herb grower's test-tube seedling transplanting survival rate is still waiting to improve.
To these problems, we contrast on the Investigational basis at each seedling-cultivating method, propose a kind of new quick reproduction technique approach---stem of noble dendrobium seed natural propagation technology, it have simple to operate, transplanting survival rate is high, cultivate low cost and other advantages.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for a kind of natural propagation method of stem of noble dendrobium seed is provided, to solve the problems referred to above of prior art.
The object of the invention can be realized through following technical scheme.
A kind of natural propagation method of stem of noble dendrobium seed, concrete steps are following:
1) selection of fruit: we select the seed of completely filled fruit, 100% maturation, natural cracking;
2) cultivate the screening of matrix: utilize flaw-piece waste material or the asbestos shingle of Wood Processing to do the end and make up the seedbed, with wood sawdust, broken bark, perlite as matrix.The high 10-15cm in seedbed, bedside 1-1.2m, the high 0.8-1.0m of support; Stromal thickness 5-10cm;
3) Comprehensive Control of environment: growth temperature daytime is 16～21 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 10～13 ℃, and day and night temperature remains on 10～15 ℃; Relative air humidity keeps 77-83% more suitable, avoids drying, ponding;
4) application of nutrition physiology: the mode through atomizing is replenished to embryo and is sprouted and the necessary nutritive element of growing, and nutrient solution is that the full-valence nutrition liquor of soilless culture is cultivated, the perhaps desaccharification prescription of MS, and hormone can add flexibly; During the seed germination, there is the daytime of illumination, every at a distance from 1h spray carbonated water and heavy-oxygen-enriched water 1min, so circulation in whole nursery stage; There is the NAA mixed liquor of the daytime of illumination with desaccharification MS culture fluid and 0.2～0.5mg/L the seedling phase behind the seed germination, and every 6h sprays once; At the sprouting initial stage, it is fertile to spray high phosphorus potash fertilizer and once balance by turns weekly; In vegetative period, spray balance fertilizer weekly; The growth later stage sprays that balance is fertile to be used alternatingly with high phosphorus potash fertilizer, stops fertilising in preceding 2 months gathering, and also can be used the farmyard manure supernatant or adopt the slow-release fertilizer replacement to spray foliage fertilizer;
In the step 3), be advisable with autumn in summer shading 70%, shading in winter 30～50%.
In the step 4), the C0 of described carbonated water
2Concentration is 2400mg/kg, and the heavy-oxygen-enriched water oxygen content is 60mg/kg.
In the step 4), at the sprouting initial stage, the nitrogen of described high phosphorus potash fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium proportioning are 30: 10: 10, and concentration is 2 grams per liters; Fertile nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium proportioning of described balance is 1: 1: 1, and concentration is 2 grams per liters.
In the step 4), in vegetative period, fertile nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium proportioning of described balance is 1: 1: 1, is 2 grams per liters.
In the step 4), in vegetative period, if the leaf attitude is yellow, seedling is weak mends that to execute nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning be the high nitrogen fertilizer that 30: 10: 10 concentration is 2 grams per liters in the middle of then; If the leaf attitude is dark green, cane is elongated, and to replenish 1～2 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning in the middle of then be that 15: 20: 25 concentration is grams per liter balance is fertile.In the growth later stage, adopting and spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning is that 1: 1: 1 fertile high phosphorus potash fertilizer with 15: 20: 25 of balance are used alternatingly, and stops fertilising in preceding 2 months gathering, and also can be used the farmyard manure supernatant or adopt the slow-release fertilizer replacement to spray foliage fertilizer.
According to the symbiotic germination characteristic of stem of noble dendrobium seed, the acquisition of symbiosis fungi is the successful key of technology.We carry out the development of microbial inoculum through separation, the screening of endogenetic fungus, research and development composite bacteria agent capable EM bacterium.This microbial inoculum of evidence can significantly improve the germination rate of seed, adopts the mode of EM bacterium seed soaking to handle before the planting seed, plants then on the mechanism in seedbed.Seed germination becomes the stage of seedling, and the mode that adopts the EM microbial inoculum regularly to spray increases the germination rate of seed.
Have following beneficial effect through technical scheme of the present invention: stem of noble dendrobium seed natural propagation technology has reduced the quick reproduction technique cost; Performance stem of noble dendrobium fruit and seed amount big advantage, through nutrient solution spray with micro-ecological environment that control remedies that embryo is tiny, ateliosis and exalbuminose shortcoming.Rely on the righttest environmental factor of modern installations culture technique comprehensive regulation stem of noble dendrobium growth; Improve seed germination rate, promote plant strain growth, the cultivation that realizes embryo is from vitro moving towards outside the test tube; To satisfy low, simple to operate, the open quick reproduction technique approach of cost of investment, promote stem of noble dendrobium industry development.
Embodiment
Further set forth technical characterstic of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
1) selection of fruit: the test of embryo aseptic seeding shows that maturity is high more, and the germination rate of seed is high more.But for avoiding polluting, the uncracked fruit of more options is as explant during tissue-culturing rapid propagation.But seed natural propagation technology is carried out outside test tube, thereby we select the seed of completely filled fruit, 100% maturation, natural cracking.
2) screening of cultivation matrix: stem of noble dendrobium seed is tiny, and it is grown and surpasses spherical stage, no endosperm.Matrix need guarantee that seed can invest on the matrix when selecting, and avoids seed to lose with current, or is embedded in the matrix depths and is difficult to germination and growth.In addition, matrix also need satisfy the condition of the root growth of dendrobium candidum seedling required " logical, leak, pass through ".We utilize flaw-piece waste material or the asbestos shingle of Wood Processing to do the end and make up the seedbed, with wood sawdust, broken bark, perlite as matrix.The high 10-15cm in seedbed, bedside 1-1.2m, the high 0.8-1.0m of support; Stromal thickness 5-10cm.
3) Comprehensive Control of environment: at present, the fast numerous seedling of candidum tissue culturing has been realized industrialization, and the sprouting characteristic of seed has been had more deep research.According to the sprouting characteristic of stem of noble dendrobium seed, rely on the modern installations culture technique, creating environment such as suitable temperature, light, gas, heat, humidity is the primary condition of kind of embryo germination.Dendrobium candidum seed germination controlled condition is: growth temperature daytime is 16～21 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 10～13 ℃, and day and night temperature remains on 10～15 ℃; Relative air humidity maintenance about 80% is more suitable, avoids drying, ponding.Be advisable with autumn in summer shading 70%, shading in winter 30～50%.
4) The Study on Nutrition Physiology of Larvae and application: can make embryo reach higher germination rate with MS in the tissue-culturing rapid propagation.Can replenish to embryo through the mode of atomizing and sprout and the necessary nutritive element of growing, nutrient solution can use the full-valence nutrition liquor of soilless culture to cultivate, and perhaps the MS desaccharification is filled a prescription, and hormone can add flexibly.The daytime that illumination is arranged during the seed germination, every at a distance from 1h spray carbonated water+heavy-oxygen-enriched water 1min, the CO of carbonated water
2Concentration is 2400mg/kg, and the heavy-oxygen-enriched water oxygen content is 60mg/kg, so circulation in whole nursery stage.The seedling phase behind the seed germination, there is the every 6h of desaccharification MS culture fluid+NAA 0.2～0.5mg/L on daytime of illumination to spray once.At the sprouting initial stage, the balance that to spray nitrogen, phosphorus, a potassium proportioning by turns weekly and be 30: 10: 10 concentration and be 2 grams per liter high phosphorus potash fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, a potassium proportioning and be 1: 1: 1 concentration be 2 grams per liters is fertile, improves the growth rate of seedling, but wants seedling excessive growth.In vegetative period, the balance that to spray nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning weekly and be 1: 1: 1 concentration be 2 grams per liters is fertile, and according to growing state, if the leaf attitude is yellow, seedling is weak mends that to execute nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning be the high nitrogen fertilizer that 30: 10: 10 concentration is 2 grams per liters in the middle of then; If the leaf attitude is dark green, cane is elongated, and to replenish 1～2 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning in the middle of then be that 15: 20: 25 concentration is grams per liter balance is fertile.In the growth later stage, adopting and spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning is that 1: 1: 1 fertile high phosphorus potash fertilizer with 15: 20: 25 of balance are used alternatingly, and stops fertilising in preceding 2 months gathering, and also can be used the farmyard manure supernatant or adopt the slow-release fertilizer replacement to spray foliage fertilizer.
5) control of micro-ecological environment: according to the symbiotic germination characteristic of stem of noble dendrobium seed, the acquisition of symbiosis fungi is the successful key of technology.We carry out the development of microbial inoculum through separation, the screening of endogenetic fungus, research and development composite bacteria agent capable EM bacterium.This microbial inoculum of evidence can significantly improve the germination rate of seed, adopts the mode of EM bacterium seed soaking to handle before the planting seed, plants then on the mechanism in seedbed.Seed germination becomes the stage of seedling, and the mode that adopts the EM microbial inoculum regularly to spray increases the germination rate of seed.
Germination rate under the dendrobium candidum seed natural conditions is not as good as 5%, and the germination rate that adopts method in this invention to plant the dendrobium candidum seed can be increased to about 75%.
Claims (6)
1. the natural propagation method of a stem of noble dendrobium seed, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are following:
1) selection of fruit: we select the seed of completely filled fruit, 100% maturation, natural cracking;
2) cultivate the screening of matrix: utilize flaw-piece waste material or the asbestos shingle of Wood Processing to do the end and make up the seedbed, with wood sawdust, broken bark, perlite as matrix.The high 10-15cm in seedbed, bedside 1-1.2m, the high 0.8-1.0m of support; Stromal thickness 5-10cm;
3) Comprehensive Control of environment: growth temperature daytime is 16～21 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 10～13 ℃, and day and night temperature remains on 10～15 ℃; Relative air humidity keeps 77-83% more suitable, avoids drying, ponding;
4) application of nutrition physiology: the mode through atomizing is replenished to embryo and is sprouted and the necessary nutritive element of growing, and nutrient solution is that the full-valence nutrition liquor of soilless culture is cultivated, the perhaps desaccharification prescription of MS, and hormone can add flexibly; During the seed germination, there is the daytime of illumination, every at a distance from 1h spray carbonated water and heavy-oxygen-enriched water 1min, so circulation in whole nursery stage; There is the NAA mixed liquor of the daytime of illumination with desaccharification MS culture fluid and 0.2～0.5mg/L the seedling phase behind the seed germination, and every 6h sprays once; At the sprouting initial stage, it is fertile to spray high phosphorus potash fertilizer and once balance by turns weekly; In vegetative period, spray balance fertilizer weekly; The growth later stage sprays that balance is fertile to be used alternatingly with high phosphorus potash fertilizer, stops fertilising in preceding 2 months gathering, and also can be used the farmyard manure supernatant or adopt the slow-release fertilizer replacement to spray foliage fertilizer.
2. the natural propagation method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 3), with autumn in summer shading 70%, shading in winter 30～50%.
3. the natural propagation method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 4), and the CO of described carbonated water
2Concentration is 2400mg/kg, and the heavy-oxygen-enriched water oxygen content is 60mg/kg.
4. the natural propagation method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 4), at the sprouting initial stage, the nitrogen of described high phosphorus potash fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium proportioning are 30: 10: 10, and concentration is 2 grams per liters; Fertile nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium proportioning of described balance is 1: 1: 1, and concentration is 2 grams per liters.
5. the natural propagation method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 4), in vegetative period, fertile nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium proportioning of described balance is 1: 1: 1, and concentration is 2 grams per liters.
6. the natural propagation method of a kind of stem of noble dendrobium seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 4), in vegetative period, if the leaf attitude is yellow, seedling is weak mends that to execute nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning be the high nitrogen fertilizer that 30: 10: 10 concentration is 2 grams per liters in the middle of then; If the leaf attitude is dark green, cane is elongated, and to replenish 1～2 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning in the middle of then be that 15: 20: 25 concentration is grams per liter balance is fertile.In the growth later stage, adopting and spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning is that 1: 1: 1 fertile high phosphorus potash fertilizer with 15: 20: 25 of balance are used alternatingly, and stops fertilising in preceding 2 months gathering, and also can be used the farmyard manure supernatant or adopt the slow-release fertilizer replacement to spray foliage fertilizer.
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| CN102835318A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2012-12-26 | 荆树汉 | Technology for rapid sugar-free micropropagation of dendrobium officinale kimura et migo under non-aseptic condition |
| CN103004445A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-03 | 戴亚峰 | Method for directly seedling dendrobe seedlings by using plastic greenhouse |
| CN103798013A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-05-21 | 茂名市惠生源生物科技有限公司 | Cultivating method for dendrobium officinale seed seedlings |
| CN104094767A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-10-15 | 张松波 | Dendrobium officinale planting method |
| CN104106357A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-10-22 | 东源县瑞平生态农业发展有限公司 | Method for cultivating anoectochilus formosanus |
| CN104303972A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-28 | 霍山县祥英中药材有限公司 | Preparation method of culture medium for dendrobe planting |
| CN104322258A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-04 | 贵州省植物园 | New method for transplanting Dendrobium officinale |
| CN104904462A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-16 | 浙江欧银农业发展有限公司 | Direct seeding method for dendrobium candidum embryo |
| CN105594568A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 紫金奕生源生物科技有限公司 | Dendrobium candidum cultivation method |
| CN106332757A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 赵孝巍 | Dendrobe seedling culture technology |
| CN106577232A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Natural propagation method for sowing seeds of dendrobium flexicaule on palisades |
| CN106818434A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-06-13 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of natural propagation method of Seeds of Dendrobium Candidum bed sowing |
| CN107432240A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-12-05 | 霍山县大化坪秀峰茶业精制厂 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Dendrobidium huoshanness |
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| CN102835318B (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-01-29 | 荆树汉 | Technology for rapid sugar-free micropropagation of dendrobium officinale kimura et migo under non-aseptic condition |
| CN102835318A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2012-12-26 | 荆树汉 | Technology for rapid sugar-free micropropagation of dendrobium officinale kimura et migo under non-aseptic condition |
| CN103004445A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-03 | 戴亚峰 | Method for directly seedling dendrobe seedlings by using plastic greenhouse |
| CN103798013A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-05-21 | 茂名市惠生源生物科技有限公司 | Cultivating method for dendrobium officinale seed seedlings |
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| CN104094767A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-10-15 | 张松波 | Dendrobium officinale planting method |
| CN104303972A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-28 | 霍山县祥英中药材有限公司 | Preparation method of culture medium for dendrobe planting |
| CN104322258A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-04 | 贵州省植物园 | New method for transplanting Dendrobium officinale |
| CN104904462A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-16 | 浙江欧银农业发展有限公司 | Direct seeding method for dendrobium candidum embryo |
| CN105594568A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 紫金奕生源生物科技有限公司 | Dendrobium candidum cultivation method |
| CN106332757A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 赵孝巍 | Dendrobe seedling culture technology |
| CN106577232A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Natural propagation method for sowing seeds of dendrobium flexicaule on palisades |
| CN106818434A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-06-13 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of natural propagation method of Seeds of Dendrobium Candidum bed sowing |
| CN106577232B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2020-07-24 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Natural propagation method for rock wall sowing of dendrobium aspergillum seeds |
| CN107432240A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-12-05 | 霍山县大化坪秀峰茶业精制厂 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Dendrobidium huoshanness |
| CN107517838A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-29 | 江西轩斛生物科技有限公司 | A kind of dendrobium candidum gemmule method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110521563A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 湖北格林凯尔精准农业研究院 | The seedling fertilizer and water management method of Fructus Aurantii container nursery |
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