CN102430331A - 燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法和装置 - Google Patents
燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102430331A CN102430331A CN2011102776564A CN201110277656A CN102430331A CN 102430331 A CN102430331 A CN 102430331A CN 2011102776564 A CN2011102776564 A CN 2011102776564A CN 201110277656 A CN201110277656 A CN 201110277656A CN 102430331 A CN102430331 A CN 102430331A
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- coal
- flue gas
- waste water
- coal dust
- wastewater
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 17
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound 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[Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002699 waste materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007921 sprays Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012141 concentrates Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006386 neutralization reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法和装置，烟气湿法脱硫废水经过常规废水处理后，将其回流输送至煤粉传送带上方，喷洒到煤粉中或者回流输送至空预器与除尘器之间，喷入烟道气中，使煤粉或烟道气中的Hg与脱硫废水充分接触，即达到脱汞的效果。与现有脱汞技术相比，本发明脱汞方法无需运行耗材，也无需消耗热源，成本低廉，克服了现有脱汞技术特别是活性炭喷射脱汞技术运行费用高昂的缺点，并且对锅炉和除尘、脱硝、脱硫运行无不利影响；对烟道气中的粉煤灰有增湿作用，能够提高除尘器的除尘效率；提高了废水的回用率，节约了水资源，达到了以废治废的目的。本发明方法还可节省常规废水处理中昂贵的螯合剂成本。
Description
燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法和装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法和装置，属于烟气净化技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 目前，我国的石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术产生大量的脱硫废水，废水中含有大量的可溶性盐类、固体悬浮物和重金属离子以及高浓度的Cr、F—等有害污染物，不能直接排放，需要经过处理，达标后才能排放。常规的脱硫废水处理系统只能除去重金属离子和固体悬浮物，而对高浓度的Cl—却无能为力，这就限制了废水的循环利用途径。
[0003] 另外，2010年国家发布的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（二次征求意见稿）中首次规定了 Hg的排放标准，因此进行火电厂Hg的污染控制也是大势所趋。但是，目前成熟的脱汞技术就是活性炭喷射技术，其成本在8-10万美元/kg汞，这对我国的电厂来说是难以承受的，因此寻求成本低廉的大气汞污染控制技术是我国环保工作者努力的方向。我国燃煤烟气中汞含量高的原因是因为煤中汞和氯含量不匹配，汞含量高，而氯含量相对偏低。由于石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水中含有高浓度的Cl_，若将其喷洒于煤粉上，可弥补煤中氯含量偏低的不足。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的在于：提供一种燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法和装置。该方法和装置不但能够实现燃煤电厂烟气脱汞的目的，而且能够拓宽脱硫废水的有效再利用途径，达到以废治废的目的。
[0005] 本发明的技术方案：燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法为：燃煤电厂烟气湿法脱硫废水经过常规废水处理后，将其回流输送至煤粉传送带上方、喷洒到煤粉中或者回流输送至空预器与除尘器之间、喷入烟道气中，即可实现烟气中单质Hg的脱除，并且能够有效利用脱硫废水。
[0006] 燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的另一优选方法为：燃煤电厂烟气石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水经常规废水处理后，将其回流输送至煤粉传送带上方、喷洒到煤粉中并回流输送至空预器与除尘器之间、喷入烟道气中，可实现烟气中单质Hg的脱除，并且能够有效利用脱硫废水。
[0007] 前述方法在实施时，可在煤粉传送带上方和/或空预器与除尘器之间的烟道中设置液体雾化喷嘴，将脱硫废水均勻喷入煤粉和/或烟道气中，使煤粉和/或烟道气中的Hg 与脱硫废水充分接触，达到脱汞的效果。
[0008] 前述方法中，喷入的脱硫废水中Cl与煤粉和/或烟道气中Hg的质量比为 0. 1-0. 4。
[0009] 前述方法中所述脱硫废水是经过常规废水处理的中和、混凝、絮凝、浓缩、固液分离步骤后的上层清夜。脱硫废水若直接排放的话，须经过螯合步骤除去汞、镉等重金属，以达到国家规定的排放标准；而本发明将脱硫废水回喷至煤粉和/或烟道气中用于脱汞，无须直接排放，且脱硫废水回用参与烟气脱汞之后，汞及其他重金属大部分存在于脱硫石膏中，在废水中的残留量较少。故本发明技术中的废水处理系统可以省却螯合步骤，从而节省了螯合剂的使用成本。
[0010] 燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的装置，包括依次连接的煤粉传送带、锅炉、 空预器、烟道、除尘器、湿法脱硫塔和废水处理系统，还包括废水管道，废水管道一端连接废水处理系统，另一端接至煤粉传送带上方和/或烟道中。
[0011] 前述装置中，煤粉传送带上方和/或烟道中的废水管道末端连接有液体雾化喷嘴。
[0012] 前述液体雾化喷嘴至少有2个，且均勻布置。
[0013] 由于我国所使用的燃料煤中汞含量较高，而Cl—含量较低，导致燃煤电厂烟囱中Hg的排放浓度较高。而脱硫废水中Cl_含量较高，一般为7000〜lOOOOppm，有时高达 20000ppm。若将含高浓度Cl—的脱硫废水引入煤粉或者除尘器前的烟道中，可使烟道气中的 Hg和Cl_反应生成HgCl2，在随后的湿法脱硫系统中除去，从而达到有效降低烟气中Hg含量的目的。
[0014] 与现有脱汞技术相比，本发明脱汞方法无需运行耗材，也无需消耗热源，成本低廉，克服了现有脱汞技术特别是活性炭喷射脱汞技术运行费用高昂的缺点，并且对锅炉和除尘、脱硝、脱硫运行无不利影响；对烟道气中的粉煤灰有增湿作用，能够提高除尘器的除尘效率；拓宽了脱硫废水的有效再利用途径，提高了废水的回用率，节约了水资源，达到了以废治废的目的。本发明方法还可省去常规废水处理中的螯合步骤，节约了除汞、镉等重金属的螯合剂成本（约占废水处理总成本的40% )。
附图说明
[0015] 图1是本发明一种实施方式的脱汞装置系统示意图；其中：1-液体雾化喷嘴， 2-煤粉传送带，3-锅炉，4-空预器，5-烟道，6-除尘器，7-湿法脱硫塔，8-废水处理系统， 9-废水管道，10-烟囱。
具体实施方式
[0016] 本发明实施例1 ：燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法：首先，石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水经过常规废水处理的中和反应、混凝反应、絮凝反应、浓缩以及固液分离后，将上层清液经废水管道9输送至进锅炉之前的煤粉传送带2上方，然后通过液体雾化喷嘴1将脱硫废水均勻喷入煤粉中，使煤粉中的Hg与脱硫废水充分接触，喷入的脱硫废水中Cl与煤粉中Hg的质量比为0. 3-0. 4，据此调节废水喷洒量。若脱硫废水中的Cl_达到饱和，可以加入清水进行调节或者直接喷入除尘器6前的烟道气中，形成CaCl2等盐类被除尘器6捕集。经测试，向煤粉中喷入脱硫废水后烟囱10入口处的Hg含量由35. 7ug/m3降至 12. 9ug/m3。
[0017] 前述脱汞方法所采用的装置：包括依次连接的煤粉传送带2、锅炉3、空预器4、烟道5、除尘器6、湿法脱硫塔7和废水处理系统8，还包括废水管道9，废水管道9 一端连接废水处理系统8，另一端接至煤粉传送带2上方；煤粉传送带2上方的废水管道9末端连接有3个以上均勻布置的液体雾化喷嘴1。
[0018] 本发明实施例2 ：燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法：首先，石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水经过常规废水处理的中和反应、混凝反应、絮凝反应、浓缩以及固液分离后，将上层清液经废水管道9输送至空预器4与除尘器6之间的烟道5中，然后通过液体雾化喷嘴1将脱硫废水均勻喷入烟道气中，使烟道气中的Hg与脱硫废水充分接触，喷入的脱硫废水中Cl与烟道气中Hg的质量比为0. 2-0. 3，据此调节废水喷洒量。经测试，向烟道气中喷入脱硫废水后烟囱10入口处的Hg含量由39. 45ug/m3降至15. 73ug/m3。
[0019] 前述脱汞方法所采用的装置：包括依次连接的煤粉传送带2、锅炉3、空预器4、烟道5、除尘器6、湿法脱硫塔7和废水处理系统8，还包括废水管道9，废水管道9 一端连接废水处理系统8，另一端接至烟道5中；烟道5中的废水管道9末端连接有3-10个均勻布置的液体雾化喷嘴1。
[0020] 本发明实施例3 ：燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法：首先，石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水经过常规废水处理的中和反应、混凝反应、絮凝反应、浓缩以及固液分离后，经废水管道9输送至进锅炉之前的煤粉传送带2上方以及空预器4与除尘器6之间的烟道5中，然后通过液体雾化喷嘴1将脱硫废水均勻喷入煤粉和烟道气中，使煤粉和烟道气中的Hg与脱硫废水充分接触，喷入的脱硫废水中Cl与煤粉和烟道气中Hg的质量比为 0. 1-0. 2，据此调节废水喷洒量。经测试，向煤粉和烟道气中喷入脱硫废水后烟@ 10入口处的 Hg 含量由 50. 23ug/m3 降至 19. 03ug/m3。
[0021] 前述脱汞方法所采用的装置：包括依次连接的煤粉传送带2、锅炉3、空预器4、烟道5、除尘器6、湿法脱硫塔7和废水处理系统8，还包括废水管道9，废水管道9 一端连接废水处理系统8，另一端接至煤粉传送带2上方和烟道5中；煤粉传送带2上方以及烟道5中的废水管道9末端分别连接有1个以上均勻布置的液体雾化喷嘴1。
Claims (8)
1. 一种燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法，其特征在于：燃煤电厂烟气湿法脱硫废水经过常规废水处理后，将其回流输送至煤粉传送带上方、喷洒到煤粉中或者回流输送至空预器与除尘器之间、喷入烟道气中。
2.根据权利要求1所述燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法，其特征在于：燃煤电厂烟气石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水经过常规废水处理后，将其回流输送至煤粉传送带上方、喷洒到煤粉中并回流输送至空预器与除尘器之间、喷入烟道气中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法，其特征在于： 在煤粉传送带上方和/或空预器与除尘器之间的烟道中设置液体雾化喷嘴，将脱硫废水均勻喷入煤粉和/或烟道气中。
4.根据权利要求3所述燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法，其特征在于：喷入的脱硫废水中Cl与煤粉和/或烟道气中Hg的质量比为0. 1-0. 4。
5.根据权利要求4所述燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的方法，其特征在于：所述脱硫废水是经过常规废水处理的中和、混凝、絮凝、浓缩、固液分离步骤后的上层清夜。
6. 一种燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的装置，包括依次连接的煤粉传送带 (2)、锅炉(3)、空预器(4)、烟道（5)、除尘器(6)、湿法脱硫塔(7)和废水处理系统（8)，其特征在于：还包括废水管道（9)，废水管道（9) 一端连接废水处理系统（8)，另一端接至煤粉传送带（2)上方和/或烟道（5)中。
7.根据权利要求6所述燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的装置，其特征在于：煤粉传送带（¾上方和/或烟道（5)中的废水管道（9)末端连接有液体雾化喷嘴（1)。
8.根据权利要求7所述燃煤电厂采用烟气湿法脱硫废水脱汞的装置，其特征在于：液体雾化喷嘴（1)至少有2个，均勻布置。
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