CN102427473A - Method and system for constructing cross-platform resource - Google Patents

Method and system for constructing cross-platform resource Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102427473A
CN102427473A CN2011103843299A CN201110384329A CN102427473A CN 102427473 A CN102427473 A CN 102427473A CN 2011103843299 A CN2011103843299 A CN 2011103843299A CN 201110384329 A CN201110384329 A CN 201110384329A CN 102427473 A CN102427473 A CN 102427473A
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resource
management platform
iaas management
iaas
platform
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CN102427473B (en
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魏进武
卢浩洋
张云勇
陈清金
郭志斌
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China United Network Communications Group Co Ltd
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China United Network Communications Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for constructing a cross-platform resource. The method comprises the following steps of: determining a resource type to be constructed according to service attributes and user attributes of a virtual resource to be constructed when a comprehensive infrastructure as a service (IaaS) management platform receives a virtual resource constructing request from a user; searching a sub-IaaS management platform which accords with the resource type according to the resource type; transmitting a first resource request message to the searched first sub-IaaS management platform which accords with the resource type; reserving a first physical resource in a first resource pool by using the first sub-IaaS management platform according to the first resource request message; and constructing the virtual resource by using the comprehensive IaaS management platform according to the first physical resource when a first resource successful response replied by the first sub-IaaS management platform is received. The comprehensive IaaS management is transparent to the user and upper application, and loose coupling between the resource and the application and between the resource and the user is realized.

Description

Cross-platform resource construction method and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cross-platform resource construction method and system, belong to infrastructure and promptly serve (Infrastructure as a Service, abbreviation: IaaS) management system technical field.
Background technology
In the prior art, the consumer can obtain calculating, storage and network service as required through the Internet from infrastructure, and this type service is called IaaS.At present, IaaS is used as the best cutting point that the cloud computing service is carried out in telecom operators IT support system field.Through cloud computing IaaS is provided service, can realize storage and dissimilar calculating, like sharing of PC server (PC-Server) and minicomputer resource.
Under the cloud computing environment, existing cloud computing service provider provides virtual resource with the mode of virtual machine to the user usually.The user need not understand virtual machine actual physical resource situation behind, only needs to understand own the computational resource quota that can use.Existing be used to virtual resource and provide the server of physical resource to comprise: PC-Server, minicomputer and mainframe etc.Even with a kind of server, for PC-Server, generally based on the X86 instruction, the virtual resource sharing problem is little at present, and main difference is to adopt Intel processor and AMD processor.But for minicomputer, the product of different vendor is because the difference of concrete parameter such as instruction set still can not realize resource-sharing and intercommunication.The advantage of cloud computing is based on the scale embodiment; Therefore from application point; The user hopes dissimilar computational resources is carried out unified management and automation distribution; Especially the original a large amount of minicomputer of telecom operators' inner support IT system is used, and hopes through comprehensive IaaS management platform the server resource of dissimilar or different vendor to be integrated the resource allocation methods and the unified management mechanism that provide cross-platform, stride type for upper layer application.Yet prior art problems is: relatively independent between the different I aaS management platform, can't realize resource-sharing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of cross-platform resource construction method and system, is resource distribution mode and unified management mechanism that upper layer application provides cross-platform, strides type, realizes cross-platform, as to stride heterogeneous resource resource unified management and shared.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of cross-platform resource construction method, comprising:
Comprehensive IaaS management platform receives the virtual resource that comes from the user and makes up when asking, and confirms resource type to be made up according to the service attribute and the user property of the virtual resource that will make up;
Search the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to said resource type;
The first fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type to finding sent first resource request message;
The IaaS management platform was reserved first physical resource according to said first resource request message in first resource pool in said first minute;
When receiving the first resource successful respond of being replied by said first minute IaaS management platform, said comprehensive IaaS management platform makes up said virtual resource according to said first physical resource.
The present invention provides a kind of cross-platform resource construction system on the other hand, comprising comprehensive IaaS management platform and first fen IaaS management platform, wherein:
Said comprehensive IaaS management platform comprises: the resource type determination module is used for when receiving the virtual resource structure request that comes from the user, confirming resource type to be made up according to the service attribute and the user property of the virtual resource that will make up; Divide platform to search module, be used for searching the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said resource type that the resource type determination module is confirmed; The resource request module, be used for to minute platform search module searches to the first fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type send first resource request message; Make up module with virtual resource, be used for when the first resource successful respond received by IaaS management platform answer in said first minute, making up said virtual resource according to said first physical resource;
The IaaS management platform comprised in said first minute: the first resource reservation module is used for reserving first physical resource according to said first resource request message at first resource pool.
The physical resource that the present invention is managed each minute IaaS management platform through comprehensive IaaS management platform carries out unified allocation of resources; Indication meets the branch IaaS management platform of virtual resource resource requirement type and reserves physical resource; Thereby realized that cross-platform resource-sharing formula is distributed and the holistic management of resource; And transparent through comprehensive IaaS management platform to user and upper layer application, realized resource and application, resource and user's loose coupling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of cross-platform resource construction method embodiment one according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of cross-platform resource construction method embodiment two according to the invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of cross-platform resource construction method embodiment three according to the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of cross-platform resource construction system embodiment according to the invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of cross-platform resource construction method embodiment one according to the invention, and is as shown in the figure, comprises the steps:
Step 110, comprehensive IaaS management platform receives the virtual resource that comes from the user and makes up when asking, and confirms resource type to be made up according to the service attribute and the user property of the virtual resource that will make up.
Wherein, it is the request that is used to make up virtual resource of being sent by the user that said virtual resource makes up request, and different with prior art is that this virtual resource makes up request and directly sends to comprehensive IaaS management platform, and no longer sends to each minute IaaS management platform; Said resource type is meant the type of the physical resource that is used to realize virtual resource, and the physical resource that existing virtual resource is utilized can be divided three classes: computational resource, storage resources and Internet resources.Wherein, said computational resource is meant the CPU computing capability of server, is used to realize virtual machine; Said storage resources is meant the memory space of server; Said Internet resources are meant the bandwidth that server provides etc.
Wherein, said service attribute is meant the attribute of the concrete business that said virtual resource is directed against, and for example is: analytic type is used; Relevance is used, management-type application, door class application etc.; Mainly be that (Service Lever Agreement is called for short: SLA) to the demand type of underlying resource, for computational resource for professional grade of service guarantee; Like the minicomputer type of different vendor, perhaps PC-Se rver type; For storage resources; Like dissimilar disks; Like Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment; Be called for short: Sata) (Serial Advanced Small Computer System Interface is called for short: SaS) dish and fiber reel etc., perhaps tape etc. for dish, the senior small computer system interface of serial.
Wherein, said user property is meant that application makes up the user's self of virtual resource attribute, for example is: user's legitimacy, and the user is to the demand of resource SLA, and the user is to the requirement of resource type, and the user is to the demand of resource size etc.
Step 120, said comprehensive IaaS management platform are searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to said resource type.
Wherein, Said comprehensive IaaS management platform is to be used for the platform that the physical resource to each minute IaaS management platform carries out dispatching management; Therefore this comprehensive IaaS management platform can be known the information of the physical resource that each minute IaaS management platform is managed in advance through modes such as inquiries, thereby can find the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to resource type.
Step 130, said comprehensive IaaS management platform is sent first resource request message to the first fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type that finds.
Wherein, said first minute IaaS management platform is meant the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type that is found by comprehensive IaaS management platform; Said first resource request message is to be used to indicate first fen IaaS management platform to reserve the message of physical resource for making up said virtual resource, wherein includes the resource requirement total amount and the SLA requirement of this virtual resource.
Step 140, the IaaS management platform was reserved first physical resource according to said first resource request message in first resource pool in said first minute.
Wherein, said first resource pool is meant the set that receives the said first minute dissimilar server resource under the management of IaaS management platform; Said first physical resource is that first fen IaaS management platform is for making up the physical resource that said virtual resource reserves.
Step 150, when receiving the first resource successful respond of being replied by said first minute IaaS management platform, said comprehensive IaaS management platform makes up said virtual resource according to said first physical resource.
Wherein, The said first resource successful respond shows that first fen IaaS management platform successfully reserved said first physical resource; Thereby make said first physical resource can satisfy the indicated resource requirement total amount of said first resource request message; After this, the user can realize concrete business through this virtual resource.
The physical resource that the said method of present embodiment is managed each minute IaaS management platform through comprehensive IaaS management platform carries out unified allocation of resources; Indication meets the branch IaaS management platform of virtual resource resource requirement type and reserves physical resource; Thereby realized that cross-platform resource-sharing formula is distributed and the holistic management of resource; And transparent through comprehensive IaaS management platform to user and upper layer application, realized resource and application, resource and user's loose coupling.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of cross-platform resource construction method embodiment two according to the invention; In the foregoing description 1,, but be not sure of the demand whether corresponding minute current available physical resource amount of IaaS management platform can satisfy structure because comprehensive IaaS management platform can only be searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to resource type; Therefore; In step 140, when the IaaS management platform was reserved first physical resource in said first minute, the situation that this first physical resource can not satisfy said resource requirement total amount might appear; For this reason, then may further include following steps:
Step 210, the IaaS management platform was sent the first cross-platform application according to the first surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform in said first minute.
Wherein, the said first surplus resources demand equals said resource requirement total amount and deducts the difference that obtains behind said first physical resource; The said first cross-platform application is the request that is used for from other minutes IaaS management platform application physical resource, carries the first surplus resources demand in this first cross-platform application.
Step 220, said comprehensive IaaS management platform is searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said first cross-platform application, and sends second resource request message to the second fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type.
Wherein, said second minute IaaS management platform is meant another minute IaaS management platform that meets said resource type that is found by comprehensive IaaS management platform; Said second resource request message is to be used to indicate second fen IaaS management platform to reserve the message of physical resource for satisfying the first surplus resources demand, wherein includes the said first surplus resources demand.
Step 230, the IaaS management platform was reserved second physical resource according to said second resource request message in second resource pool in said second minute.
Wherein, said second resource pool is meant the set that receives the said second minute server under the management of IaaS management platform; Said second physical resource is that second fen IaaS management platform is for satisfying the physical resource that the first surplus resources demand reserves.
Step 240 is when receiving the second resource successful respond of being replied by said second minute IaaS management platform, according to said first physical resource and the said virtual resource of the said second physics resource construction.
Wherein, the said second resource successful respond shows that second fen IaaS management platform successfully reserved said second physical resource, thereby makes the summation of said first physical resource and said second physical resource can satisfy said resource requirement total amount.
When the said method of present embodiment can not satisfy the resource requirement total amount of virtual resource to the physical resource of reserving when a branch IaaS management platform management; Make another minute IaaS management platform that physical resource further is provided through sending cross-platform application, the purpose that virtual resource makes up has been realized at terminal.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of cross-platform resource construction method embodiment three according to the invention; In the foregoing description two,, but be not sure of the demand whether corresponding minute current available physical resource amount of IaaS management platform can satisfy structure because comprehensive IaaS management platform can only be searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to resource type; Therefore; In step 230, when the IaaS management platform was reserved second physical resource in said second minute, the situation that this second physical resource can not satisfy the said first surplus resources demand might appear still; For this reason, then may further include following steps:
Step 310, the IaaS management platform was sent the second cross-platform application according to the second surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform in said second minute.
Wherein, the said second surplus resources demand equals the said first surplus resources demand and deducts the difference that obtains behind said second physical resource; The said second cross-platform application is the request that is used for from other minutes IaaS management platform application physical resource, carries the second surplus resources demand in this second cross-platform application.
Step 320, said comprehensive IaaS management platform is searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said second cross-platform application, and sends the information resources request message to the 3rd fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type.
Wherein, said the 3rd minute IaaS management platform is meant another minute IaaS management platform that meets said resource type that is found by comprehensive IaaS management platform; Said information resources request message is to be used to indicate the 3rd fen IaaS management platform to reserve the message of physical resource for satisfying the second surplus resources demand, wherein includes the said second surplus resources demand.
Step 330, the IaaS management platform was reserved tertium quid reason resource according to said information resources request message in the information resources pond in said the 3rd minute.
Wherein, said information resources pond is meant the set that receives said the 3rd minute server under the management of IaaS management platform; Said tertium quid reason resource is that the 3rd fen IaaS management platform is for satisfying the physical resource that the second surplus resources demand reserves.
Step 340 is when receiving the information resources successful respond of being replied by said the 3rd minute IaaS management platform, according to said first physical resource, second physical resource and the said virtual resource of said tertium quid reason resource construction.
Wherein, Said information resources successful respond shows that the 3rd fen IaaS management platform successfully reserved said tertium quid reason resource, thereby makes the summation of said first physical resource, second physical resource and said tertium quid reason resource can satisfy said resource requirement total amount.
The said method of present embodiment is used to show that the characteristic resource that second fen IaaS management platform that comprehensive IaaS management platform finds according to cross-platform application once more can provide still might can't satisfy previous surplus resources demand; Therefore the summation of a plurality of minutes IaaS management platforms need continue to search the 3rd fen IaaS management platform, till can satisfy the resource requirement total amount of virtual resource.Though said virtual resource is structured on the physical resource that a plurality of minutes IaaS management platforms are provided; But stand in user's viewpoint of measures; Virtual resource is made up by comprehensive IaaS management platform, and the user need not be concerned about the source of the physical resource that makes up this virtual resource, thereby has realized the IaaS service well: the physical resource unified management; Virtual resource is shared, and has realized resource and application, resource and user's loose coupling.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of cross-platform resource construction system embodiment according to the invention; In order to realize said method; As shown in the figure; This system comprises comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 and a plurality of minutes IaaS management platforms, is that example describes with first fen IaaS management platform 10, second fen IaaS management platform 20 and the 3rd fen IaaS management platform 30 in the present embodiment, and the operation principle of this system is following:
When comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 receives the virtual resource structure request that comes from the user; Confirm resource type to be made up by resource type determination module 41 according to the service attribute and the user property of the virtual resource that will make up; Relevant said virtual resource makes up the related description of request, service attribute and user property, can be referring to said method embodiment.
After this, search module 42 by minute platform and search the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to resource type determination module 41 definite said resource types; Search the first fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type, 10 transmissions, first resource request message that module 42 finds by resource request module 43 to minute platform then.
After IaaS management platform 10 was received said first resource request message in said first minute, in first resource pool, reserve first physical resource according to said first resource request message by the first resource reservation module 11; When receiving the information resources successful respond of replying, make up module 44 by the virtual resource in the comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 and make up said virtual resource according to said first physical resource by said first minute IaaS management platform 10.
The physical resource that the said system of present embodiment is managed each minute IaaS management platform through comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 carries out unified allocation of resources; Indication meets the branch IaaS management platform of virtual resource resource requirement type and reserves physical resource; Thereby realized that cross-platform resource-sharing formula is distributed and the holistic management of resource; And transparent through comprehensive IaaS management platform to user and upper layer application, realized resource and application, resource and user's loose coupling.
In addition; When said first physical resource of reserving when the first resource reservation module 11 can not satisfy said resource requirement total amount; Send first cross-platform application according to the first surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 by first request module 12 in the said first minute IaaS management platform 10; Wherein, the said first surplus resources demand equals said resource requirement total amount and deducts the difference that obtains behind said first physical resource.
The resource request module 43 of said comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 is searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said first cross-platform application, and sends second resource request message to the second fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type 20.In second resource pool, reserve second physical resource by the second resource reservation module 21 in second fen IaaS management platform 20 according to said second resource request message then; When receiving the information resources successful respond of replying, make up module 44 according to said first physical resource and the said virtual resource of the said second physics resource construction by the virtual resource of said comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 by said second minute IaaS management platform 20.
When said second physical resource of reserving when the first resource reservation module can not satisfy the said first surplus resources demand; Send second cross-platform application according to the second surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 by second request module 22 in the said second minute IaaS management platform 20; Wherein, the said second surplus resources demand equals the said first surplus resources demand and deducts the difference that obtains behind said second physical resource.
The resource request module 43 of said comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 is searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said second cross-platform application, and sends the information resources request message to the 3rd fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type 30; Reserve module 31 by the information resources in the 3rd fen IaaS management platform 30 then and in the information resources pond, reserve tertium quid reason resource according to said information resources request message; When receiving the information resources successful respond of replying, make up module 44 according to said first physical resource, second physical resource and the said virtual resource of said tertium quid reason resource construction by the virtual resource of said comprehensive IaaS management platform 40 by said the 3rd minute IaaS management platform 30.
Similarly; When information resources are reserved said second physical resource that module 31 reserves and still can not be satisfied the said first surplus resources demand; The 3rd request module 32 by said the 3rd minute IaaS management platform 30 continues to send the 3rd cross-platform application, up to satisfying the resource requirement total amount.
When the said system of present embodiment further can not satisfy the resource requirement total amount of virtual resource to the physical resource of reserving when a branch IaaS management platform management; Make another minute IaaS management platform that physical resource further is provided through sending cross-platform application, the purpose that virtual resource makes up has been realized at terminal.
Need to prove that here the sequencing of relevant technical terms do not really wanted to limit in " first ", " second " and terms such as " the 3 " among above-mentioned each embodiment of the present invention, and just are used for the similar techniques term is distinguished, to avoid confusion.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of step that realizes said method embodiment can be accomplished through the relevant hardware of program command; Aforesaid program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium; This program the step that comprises said method embodiment when carrying out; And aforesaid storage medium comprises: various media that can be program code stored such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or CD.
What should explain at last is: above embodiment is only in order to explaining technical scheme of the present invention, but not to its restriction; Although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these are revised or replacement, do not make the spirit and the scope of the essence disengaging various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme of relevant art scheme.

Claims (8)

1. a cross-platform resource construction method is characterized in that, comprising:
Comprehensive IaaS management platform receives the virtual resource that comes from the user and makes up when asking, and confirms resource type to be made up according to the service attribute and the user property of the virtual resource that will make up;
Search the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to said resource type;
The first fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type to finding sent first resource request message;
The IaaS management platform was reserved first physical resource according to said first resource request message in first resource pool in said first minute;
When receiving the first resource successful respond of being replied by said first minute IaaS management platform, said comprehensive IaaS management platform makes up said virtual resource according to said first physical resource.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when said first physical resource can not satisfy said resource requirement total amount, also comprises:
The IaaS management platform was sent the first cross-platform application according to the first surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform in said first minute; Wherein, the said first surplus resources demand equals said resource requirement total amount and deducts the difference that obtains behind said first physical resource;
Said comprehensive IaaS management platform is searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said first cross-platform application, and sends second resource request message to the second fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type;
The IaaS management platform was reserved second physical resource according to said second resource request message in second resource pool in said second minute.
3. method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said comprehensive IaaS management platform makes up said virtual resource according to said first physical resource and comprises: when receiving the second resource successful respond of being replied by said second minute IaaS management platform, according to said first physical resource and the said virtual resource of the said second physics resource construction.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, when said second physical resource can not satisfy the said first surplus resources demand, also comprises:
The IaaS management platform was sent the second cross-platform application according to the second surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform in said second minute; Wherein, the said second surplus resources demand equals the said first surplus resources demand and deducts the difference that obtains behind said second physical resource;
Said comprehensive IaaS management platform is searched the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said second cross-platform application, and sends the information resources request message to the 3rd fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type;
The IaaS management platform was reserved tertium quid reason resource according to said information resources request message in the information resources pond in said the 3rd minute.
5. method according to claim 4; It is characterized in that; Said comprehensive IaaS management platform comprises according to said first physical resource and the said virtual resource of the said second physics resource construction: when receiving the information resources successful respond of being replied by said the 3rd minute IaaS management platform, according to said first physical resource, second physical resource and the said virtual resource of said tertium quid reason resource construction.
6. a cross-platform resource construction system is characterized in that, comprises comprehensive IaaS management platform and first fen IaaS management platform, wherein:
Said comprehensive IaaS management platform comprises:
The resource type determination module is used for when receiving the virtual resource structure request that comes from the user, confirming resource type to be made up according to the service attribute and the user property of the virtual resource that will make up;
Divide platform to search module, be used for searching the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said resource type that the resource type determination module is confirmed;
The resource request module, be used for to minute platform search module searches to the first fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type send first resource request message;
Virtual resource makes up module, is used for when the first resource successful respond received by IaaS management platform answer in said first minute, making up said virtual resource according to said first physical resource;
The IaaS management platform comprised in said first minute: the first resource reservation module is used for reserving first physical resource according to said first resource request message at first resource pool.
7. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
The IaaS management platform also comprised in said first minute: first request module; Said first physical resource that the first resource reservation module is reserved is used for when can not satisfy said resource requirement total amount; Send the first cross-platform application according to the first surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform; Wherein, the said first surplus resources demand equals said resource requirement total amount and deducts the difference that obtains behind said first physical resource;
The resource request module of said comprehensive IaaS management platform also is used for searching the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said first cross-platform application, and sends second resource request message to the second fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type;
Said system also comprises second fen IaaS management platform, comprising: the second resource reservation module is used for reserving second physical resource according to said second resource request message at second resource pool;
The virtual resource of said comprehensive IaaS management platform makes up module and also is used for when the second resource successful respond received by IaaS management platform answer in said second minute, according to said first physical resource and the said virtual resource of the said second physics resource construction.
8. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
The IaaS management platform also comprised in said second minute: second request module; Said second physical resource that the first resource reservation module is reserved is used for when can not satisfy the said first surplus resources demand; Send the second cross-platform application according to the second surplus resources demand to said comprehensive IaaS management platform; Wherein, the said second surplus resources demand equals the said first surplus resources demand and deducts the difference that obtains behind said second physical resource;
The resource request module of said comprehensive IaaS management platform also is used for searching the branch IaaS management platform that meets said resource type according to the said second cross-platform application, and sends the information resources request message to the 3rd fen IaaS management platform that meets said resource type;
Said system also comprises the 3rd fen IaaS management platform, comprising: information resources are reserved module, are used for reserving tertium quid reason resource in the information resources pond according to said information resources request message;
The virtual resource of said comprehensive IaaS management platform makes up module and also is used for when receiving the information resources successful respond of being replied by said the 3rd minute IaaS management platform, managing the said virtual resource of resource construction according to said first physical resource, second physical resource and said tertium quid.
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