CN102418740B - 三排滚子轴承，特别是用于风力涡轮机的三排滚子轴承 - Google Patents

三排滚子轴承，特别是用于风力涡轮机的三排滚子轴承 Download PDF

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CN102418740B
CN102418740B CN201110293808.XA CN201110293808A CN102418740B CN 102418740 B CN102418740 B CN 102418740B CN 201110293808 A CN201110293808 A CN 201110293808A CN 102418740 B CN102418740 B CN 102418740B
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roller
roller bearing
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CN102418740A (zh
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H.斯蒂斯达尔
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/381—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with at least one row for radial load in combination with at least one row for axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/545—Systems comprising at least one rolling bearing for radial load in combination with at least one rolling bearing for axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
    • F16C33/36—Rollers; Needles with bearing-surfaces other than cylindrical, e.g. tapered; with grooves in the bearing surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/29—Geometry three-dimensional machined; miscellaneous
    • F05B2250/292—Geometry three-dimensional machined; miscellaneous tapered
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种三排滚子轴承（1），特别是用于风力涡轮机的三排滚子轴承（1），包括：一排承受径向载荷的径向滚子（2）和双排承受轴向载荷的轴向滚子（3,4），其中所述轴向滚子（3,4）是锥形的。

Description

三排滚子轴承，特别是用于风力涡轮机的三排滚子轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种三排滚子轴承，特别是用于风力涡轮机的三排滚子轴承，包括：一排承受径向载荷的径向滚子和双排承受轴向载荷的轴向滚子。
背景技术
风力涡轮机设置有作为发电机一部分的旋转轴，发电机在发电机的转子相对于定子的运动过程中发电。定子包括多个线圈，转子可包括多个永磁体或电磁体，使得当转子转动时感应出电压。
近年来，可看到转向具有更大功率的风力涡轮机的趋势，其需要大的主轴轴承。在大的主轴轴承中，轴承的外环和内环之间可能出现温度差。主轴轴承可具有大的径向尺度，比如，2500 mm或更大的直径，而宽度可仅为例如100－300 mm的尺寸。这些大轴承直径要求相对较大的径向公差，从而导致沿径向的大的间隙，以避免轴承受损。即使约1度的小的温度差也要求大的间隙，以避免受损。然而，间隙不能随意放大。主轴轴承的大的径向公差可能导致因松度较大引起的问题，使得滚子的粘着磨损由于滑擦或污点轴承问题而加剧。
为了避免因风力涡轮机轴承公差引起的问题，已经提出使用两个或更多个轴承来支撑主轴，特别是使用两个径向转子轴承和一个轴向滚子轴承，其沿主轴安置。然而，使用三个单个的轴承是昂贵的解决方案，这比仅采用一个大轴承占据更大空间。在EP 1 677005 A1中，公开了一种风力涡轮机，其具有用于主轴的三排圆柱形滚子轴承，其中主轴连接到齿轮箱的输入轴，主轴通过单一的三排圆柱形滚子轴承被支撑到舱体，三排滚子轴承包括一排承受径向载荷的滚子和双排承受推力载荷的滚子。推力载荷滚子是圆柱形滚子，其在沿滚子的径向速度随轴承中心线的径向距离沿滚子增大而增大时可能由于滑擦问题产生粘着磨损。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种三排滚子轴承，特别是用于风力涡轮机的三排滚子轴承，其即使在出现温度差时也不会受害于粘着磨损。
根据本发明，在以上限定的三排滚子轴承中实现该目的原因在于轴向滚子是锥形的。
由于使用锥形轴向滚子而非使用圆柱形滚子，因而避免了因沿滚子的径向速度增大所致的滑擦问题。因此，与传统的三排滚子轴承相比，本发明的三排滚子轴承确保了更长的使用寿命。
根据本发明三排滚子轴承的进一步的改进，三排滚子轴承可以包括：接纳这些轴向滚子的至少一个外环和/或接纳这些轴向滚子的至少一个内环。在本发明的三排滚子轴承中，锥形轴向滚子仅承受轴向载荷，而由外环承受径向载荷。
根据本发明的优选实施例，上述至少一个外环或上述至少一个内环可在凹部中接纳这些锥形滚子。本发明的三排滚子轴承对在外环与内环之间的温度差不太敏感，因为可以具有较大的径向公差，从而在外环与内环之间提供较大的间隙。
优选地，在本发明的三排滚子轴承中，该外环中的凹部接纳该锥形轴向滚子的全部锥形形状。该内环和该外环的尺寸公差沿径向比沿轴向提供更大的间隙。不同的间隙支持补偿内环和外环之间的温度差。
在本发明的三排滚子轴承的一个实施例中，这些滚子可在内环和外环之间自由滚动和移动
在本发明的三排滚子轴承的可替代实施例中，滚子连接到使上述滚子在旋转和滚动时保持在特定位置的一个或多个滚子支架。
根据本发明的进一步改进，上述三排滚子轴承被预加有轴向应力。当三排滚子轴承被预加应力时，避免了松度问题和与粘着磨损相关的问题。
本发明的三排滚子轴承可以包括：在主要至少一个外环与上述至少一个内环之间的动态密封部。
进一步地，本发明涉及一种风力涡轮机，其优选地包括主轴、毂、发电机定子部件和/或发电机转子部件。
本发明的风力涡轮机的主轴、毂、和/或发电机转子部件可由如上说明的三排滚子轴承支撑。
本发明的风力涡轮机可为无齿轮直接驱动风力涡轮机。
附图说明
考虑到以下对优选实施例的描述，本发明及其根本原理将被更好地理解。在附图中：
图1是本发明的三排滚子轴承的实施例的透视的第一剖视图；
图2是图1的三排滚子轴承的第二剖视图；和
图3是图1的三排滚子轴承的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出三排滚子轴承1的一部分，三排滚子轴承1包括：一排径向滚子2，和双排承受轴向载荷的轴向滚子3、4。轴向滚子3、4是锥形的，这意味着其外直径大于其内直径。
三排滚子轴承1包括：一个接纳轴向滚子3、4的外环5。最佳地如图3中可见，径向滚子2在一侧上接触外环5的支承表面7并在另一侧上接触内环9的支承表面8。
在外环5中，设置凹部6，其接纳锥形轴向滚子3的全部锥形形状，如图3中所示。内环9具有非锥形表面，非锥形表面抵靠锥形轴向滚子3的竖直表面安置。以这种方式，径向间隙可以较大，而不损坏锥形轴向滚子。
内环9和外环5的尺寸公差沿径向比沿轴向提供更大的间隙，以补偿在内环9与外环5之间的温度差。
三排滚子轴承1特别适用于风力涡轮机中。三排滚子轴承可用于支撑风力涡轮机的主轴、毂、和/或发电机转子部分，风力涡轮机优选地为无齿轮直接驱动风力涡轮机。三排滚子轴承1的一部分可连接到风力涡轮机的静止结构部分（例如，舱体或塔体）或发电机定子部分，三排滚子轴承的另一部分可连接到风力涡轮机的可旋转主轴、毂、和/或发电机转子部分。通常，风力涡轮机的一个或多个旋转和/或静止部分可连接到三排滚子轴承。
无齿轮直接驱动风力涡轮机的发电机可包括：外转子和内定子，其中，转子和/或定子连接到三排滚子轴承。

Claims (14)

1.一种三排滚子轴承（1），包括：承受径向载荷的一排径向滚子（2），承受轴向载荷的双排轴向滚子（3, 4），接纳所述轴向滚子（3, 4）的至少一个外环，和接纳所述轴向滚子（3,4）的至少一个内环，其特征在于，所述轴向滚子（3, 4）是锥形的，并且所述内环设置在所述双排轴向滚子（3, 4）之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三排滚子轴承，其中，所述三排滚子轴承（1）用于风力涡轮机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三排滚子轴承，其特征在于，所述至少一个外环（5）或所述至少一个内环（9）在凹部（6）中接纳所述锥形轴向滚子（3, 4）。
4.根据权利要求3所述的三排滚子轴承，其特征在于，所述外环（5）中的凹部（6）接纳所述锥形轴向滚子（3, 4）的全部锥形形状。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的三排滚子轴承，其特征在于，所述内环（9）和所述外环（5）的尺寸公差沿径向比沿轴向提供更大的间隙。
6.根据前述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的三排滚子轴承，其特征在于，所述径向滚子（2）和/或所述轴向滚子（3, 4）自由滚动和移动。
7.根据权利要求1－4中任一项所述的三排滚子轴承，其特征在于，所述径向滚子（2）和/或所述轴向滚子（3, 4）连接到保持所述滚子（2, 3, 4）的一个或多个滚子保持器。
8.根据前述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的三排滚子轴承，其特征在于，所述三排滚子轴承被预加有轴向应力。
9.根据前述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的三排滚子轴承，其特征在于，所述三排滚子轴承包括：处于所述至少一个外环（5）与所述至少一个内环（9）之间的动态密封部。
10.一种风力涡轮机，包括至少一个旋转部件和至少一个静止部件，其特征在于，所述至少一个旋转部件和/或所述至少一个静止部件连接到根据权利要求1－8中任一项所述的三排滚子轴承。
11.根据权利要求10所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于，所述至少一个旋转部件包括毂和/或主轴和/或发电机转子。
12.根据权利要求10所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于，所述静止部件包括发电机定子。
13.根据权利要求10－12中任一项所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮机是无齿轮直接驱动风力涡轮机。
14.根据权利要求13所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于，所述无齿轮直接驱动风力涡轮机的发电机包括外转子和内定子。
CN201110293808.XA 2010-09-27 2011-09-27 三排滚子轴承，特别是用于风力涡轮机的三排滚子轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN102418740B (zh)

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EP10180129.8A EP2434150B2 (en) 2010-09-27 2010-09-27 A three row roller bearing, in particular for a wind turbine
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JP2014228074A (ja) * 2013-05-23 2014-12-08 Ntn株式会社 円すいころ軸受
CN106763161B (zh) * 2017-02-28 2023-08-15 中山联合光电科技股份有限公司 一种用于监控设备镜头上的轴承
US10677290B2 (en) 2017-10-13 2020-06-09 General Electric Company Wind turbine pitch bearing with line contact rolling elements
CN109268222B (zh) * 2018-09-26 2020-05-26 三一重能有限公司 风力发电机组及其轴承组件
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CN114542406B (zh) * 2022-03-01 2023-03-24 哈电风能有限公司 一种直驱风力发电机轴承系统
CN114962466B (zh) * 2022-06-30 2023-11-10 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 一种便装拆轴驱式回转支承结构、装配方法及其工作性能检测方法
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US20120076655A1 (en) 2012-03-29
EP2434150B2 (en) 2016-08-17
KR20120031923A (ko) 2012-04-04
CA2753060A1 (en) 2012-03-27
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EP2434150A1 (en) 2012-03-28
BRPI1106564A2 (pt) 2014-01-21
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JP2012092970A (ja) 2012-05-17
EP2434150B1 (en) 2013-05-01

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