CN102413939A - 静电除尘器及其自清洁收集带 - Google Patents
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003068 static Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011236 particulate materials Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000010419 fine particles Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002440 industrial wastes Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005183 dynamical system Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005367 electrostatic precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reactions Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
- B03C3/743—Cleaning the electrodes by using friction, e.g. by brushes or sliding elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
Abstract
Description
静电除尘器及其自清洁收集带
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及静电除尘器,更具体地,本发明涉及能够利用活动收集表面收集充电细小微粒的静电除尘器,并且还更具体地,本发明涉及多个活动三维收集元件。
背景技术
[0002] 常规地,在将所谓的“工业废气”(例如工厂中锅炉的废气和发电厂的烟)排到大气中之前,执行空气净化处理,以去除包含在工业废气中的各种类型的可能污染大气的细小微粒,例如包含如含油粉末、湿气和/或类似物的雾和粉尘。含有细小微粒的工业废气直接排放到大气中严重影响了全球环境,使得出现了由国家或地方政府的标准而强制执行细小微粒收集的情况。粉尘收集是用来收集含在污染空气中的细小微粒的多种净化技术中的一种。
[0003] 静电除尘器的粉尘收集原理是使得通过放电电极产生的电晕放电而对细小微粒进行充电,并且库仑力用来将充电的细小微粒静电吸引到收集器电极上,由此收集细小微粒,其中该收集器电极为相对的电极。静电除尘器具有显著的优点,例如:1)压力损失小; 2)可以处理大量的气体;以及幻收集效率高。因此,静电除尘器通常用于排出大量污染空气的工厂和发电厂这样的环境中。
[0004] 通常,静电除尘器的构造包括:放电电极,每个放电电极都形成为具有大表面曲率的形状,例如针或线材物质,以产生对细小微粒进行充电的电晕放电;收集器电极,为相对的电极,每个收集器电极都形成为用于收集充电细小微粒的平板;整流器单元,用于整流静电除尘器中的气流流动;粉尘去除装置,用于将沉积的细小微粒与收集器电极分开;料仓, 用于收集分开的细小微粒;以及动力系统和引起电晕放电的充电控制装置。在使用静电除尘器的粉尘去除单元时,收集器电极被锤或类似物敲击以从收集器电极上移除收集的细小微粒,并且将细小微粒收集在设置于下部的收集单元(例如料仓)中。当大量的细小微粒被收集到收集器电极上时,可能会减小用于吸引充电细小微粒的库仑力,由此降低收集效率。 因此,为了从收集器板上去除细小微粒的构建,粉尘去除单元是重要的。
[0005] 然而,现有技术系统的收集板的清洁出现了严重的问题,原因在于会出现大量的粉尘再次携带。因为板靠近气流通道,所以在敲击过程期间被移除的一些粉尘微粒会再次引入到气流中。然后,再次携带的微粒必须被再次充电并且被再次收集,以有效地从气流中去除。
[0006] 试图增大现有技术系统效率的现有尝试包括在气流通道中使用额外的收集板以增大用于粉尘沉积所能获取的表面积。尽管在效率和清洁之间的操作时长方面有所增加, 但是该方法导致除尘系统的整体尺寸和复杂度显著增加,因此并不是完全令人满意的。
[0007] 在已经提出的除尘器中,微粒收集表面为连续地运动通过收集区域的环形带的形式。例如,在I^lmer的美国专利No. 2,579,440中,粉尘微粒被收集在活动带上并且在远离气流的位置处被从带的表面去除,其中活动带已经被充电至与施加给粉尘微粒的极性相反的极性,该专利的内容在此通过参考而并入本文。然而,这样的设备存在的缺陷在于,施加到带表面的电荷容易被充电的粉尘微粒拉离带。当发生这种情况时,受影响的特定粉尘微粒不会从气流中去除,并且此外除尘区域由于带所携带的电荷减少而被削弱。
[0008] 本发明的目的在于通过组合改进的收集表面和改进的粉尘收集系统来提高静电除尘效率,在改进的收集表面中,作用在沉积微粒上的静电场力强到足以贯穿整个收集表面以捕获和保持微粒,改进的粉尘收集系统降低了再次携带微粒的发生率。
发明内容
[0009] 本发明的这些和其它目的是通过一种用于去除微粒物质的静电除尘器实现的,其包括:壳体,壳体具有在内部形成的空气路径,空气路径在入口与空气出口之间连通,入口用于吸取含有微粒物质的污染空气,空气出口用于排出通过去除微粒物质而被净化的清洁空气。气流生成器件生成气流,放电器件对微粒物质进行充电。收集装置设置在气流中,以收集已经通过放电器件充电的微粒物质。收集装置包括绕着相对的链轮连续地旋转的收集带,收集带优选地包括限定了三维收集表面的平的线材带。静电除尘器还包括刷子和真空组件,刷子和真空组件用于去除微粒物质同时降低再次携带在气流中的风险。
附图说明
[0010] 参考附图,通过阅读以下详细说明,对于本领域技术人员而言,本发明的这些和其它目的、特征和优点将会变得更加清楚,在附图中:
[0011] 图1是根据本发明优选实施例的静电除尘器的透视图。
[0012] 图2是用于图1所示的收集带的清洁系统的透视图。
[0013] 图3是图1所示的收集带的局部放大透视图。
具体实施方式
[0014] 根据本发明优选实施例的用于静电除尘器10的收集表面包括收集带100,收集带 100被绕着链轮110的阵列驱动,链轮110布置在轴114上,轴114处于装置的顶部和/或底部,大致如图1所示。活动收集带被设计为连续环,以使可获取的收集表面积最大化,同时使压降最小化。收集带100优选地包括平的线材传送带,如美国专利公开No. 2007/0080048 中更完整地所述,该专利公开的内容在此通过参考而并入本文中。
[0015] 还参考图3,带100包括多个间隔开的牵引杆180,牵引杆180成序列地设置,并且相对于行进方向成横向,每个杆180都具有两个端部205和207。带180还包括相对于行进方向成横向地设置并且与杆180的序列相互连接的多个导叶(wicket) 160的列。每个导叶160的列都包括多个联接件170,每个联接件将杆180与序列中的下一个杆连接。此外, 带100优选地包括沿着收集带的每个边缘120、130设置的至少一个边缘联接件140的列, 以用于与链轮110接合。根据具体的应用,带100还可以制造有设置在边缘联接件140之间的多个联接件150的列,以用于与中心链轮112接合,如图1所示。与常规静电除尘器中使用的呈现基本上二维收集表面的收集板或橡胶带不同,带100的使用提供了三维收集表面区域。也就是,每个导叶160具有深度“d”,该深度“d”限定了导叶的厚度并且范围从大约 0. 188"至大约 0. 500"。
[0016] 静电除尘器10还包括放电器件,例如电极或高压线190,以用于对借助空气入口14和空气出口 16穿过除尘器壳体12的空气流“A”中所携带的微粒物质进行充电。空气流优选地由气流生成器(未示出)形成。用于收集带100的材料根据其用作合适接地的能力进行选择,其实例包括不锈钢和碳钢。收集带100优选地通过与链轮110、112接触而接地, 该链轮110、112附接到接地的轴114上。从而,当空气流穿过除尘器10时,空气流“A”中所携带的充电的微粒被收集在收集带100的表面上。收集带100还可以经由接触刷子(未示出)而接地。
[0017] 为了去除收集在带100上的微粒物质,本发明还设有旋转刷子和/或线性刷子真空系统200,如图2中更清楚地示出。更具体地,当收集带100运动时,旋转刷子210优选地设置成接合带表面并且移除带表面上收集的微粒物质。旋转刷子210可以是静止的,或者被供以动力而沿着带100的行进方向旋转或与带100的行进方向相反地旋转。本领域技术人员将会理解,线性刷子或任何其它类型的刷子装置还可以用于该相同的目的。为了避免微粒物质再次携带在空气流中,在刷子210的附近设有真空喷嘴220。因此,任何被旋转刷子210移除的微粒立即被真空系统200去除。从而,由于刷子和真空系统200的自清洁特性,所有本发明减少了将再次携带在气流中的微粒物质的量并且其避免了要打断静电除尘器以清空料仓或以其它方式去除已经收集微粒的需要。从而,根据本发明的静电除尘器能够连续地清洁,而不影响除尘器的性能。
[0018] 尽管已经详细示出和说明了本发明的某些优选实施例,但是应当理解,在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下,可以做出各种变化和修改。
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US21301509P true | 2009-04-28 | 2009-04-28 | |
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PCT/US2010/001253 WO2010129024A2 (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2010-04-28 | Electrostatic precipitator and self cleaning collection belt therefor |
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EP2424674B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
WO2010129024A2 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
EP2424674A2 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
EP2424674A4 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
US20100269699A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
CN102413939B (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
US8506687B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
WO2010129024A3 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
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