CN102412578A - 一种实验室用的微电网系统 - Google Patents
一种实验室用的微电网系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102412578A CN102412578A CN2012100019437A CN201210001943A CN102412578A CN 102412578 A CN102412578 A CN 102412578A CN 2012100019437 A CN2012100019437 A CN 2012100019437A CN 201210001943 A CN201210001943 A CN 201210001943A CN 102412578 A CN102412578 A CN 102412578A
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- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 sodium-sulphur Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
本发明公开了一种实验室用的微电网系统，它可为我国可再生能源的大规模高效利用、微电网的建设提供较多的理论依据和试验依据。它包括模拟母线，在模拟母线上分别相应的联络开关连接模拟风力发电系统、模拟太阳能发电系统、模拟发电机系统、模拟蓄电池储能系统、模拟负载系统、模拟电能质量治理系统；模拟母线也通过相应的联络开关经双向电度表同输电网相连，从而组成实验室微电网系统；微电网控制器与各联络开关连接，微电网控制器采用并网运行控制策略或孤网运行时的稳定控制策略或有功调节与无功优化控制策略或并网/孤网模式切换策略或多电源协调控制策略及能量优化管理策略中的一种或多种进行控制，并协调控制可再生能源并网装置与电能质量治理装置，完成可再生能源并网谐波抑制以及抗电压扰动。
Description
一种实验室用的微电网系统
[0001] 技术领域
[0002] 本发明涉及一种电力系统，特别涉及到一种实验室用的微电网系统。 背景技术
[0003] 人类的生产生活能源主要依靠化石燃料包括石油、天然气、煤炭等天然的、不可再生能源。由于化石燃料需要经过成千上百年才能形成，加上人口数量的不断增加，化石燃料很快会被消耗尽，人类将面临能源短缺的问题。
[0004] 电能是清洁实用的二次能源，必须经过一次能源的转换。太阳能、火、风能、水、潮汐、核能等通过转换可以得到电能。一方面解决能源短缺，改善能源结构，减轻环境污染；另一方面，风能、太阳能可以就地取材，无需运输，无污染，具有很大的优越性，是最具有代表性的新能源和可再生能源。风力发电和光伏发电成为电力行业的研究重点。基于此，提出了有风能、太阳能、蓄电池和燃气轮机共同组成的微电网的概念。
[0005] 微电网的出现与快速发展将是电力系统难以回避的问题。它们将给现有的电力系统带来影响，产生一些新问题：如微电网和电网的并网标准、方法，微电网接入电网后对电网的影响，分布式能源的监视、监控和调节以及微电网本身的运行控制，间歇式可再生能源普遍接入系统对局部电网的暂态稳定和动态稳定不同于传统电网，机网协调与调度、控制模式、继电保护装置及其配合均需要进行研究和探讨等。目前我国在这方面的研究及现场运行经验较少，建立一个实验室用微电网系统，并利用该系统进行可再生能源、分布式能源及微电网的相关问题研究、相关设备的动模试验，电网和微电网的并网运行、微电网的孤网运行、并网运行和孤网运行的切换是非常有必要的。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的就是为解决上述问题，提供一种实验室用的微电网系统，它可为我国可再生能源的大规模高效利用、微电网的建设提供较多的理论依据和试验依据。
[0007] 为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种实验室用的微电网系统，它包括模拟母线，在模拟母线上分别相应的联络开关连接模拟风力发电系统、模拟太阳能发电系统、模拟发电机系统、模拟蓄电池储能系统、模拟负载系统、模拟电能质量治理系统；模拟母线也通过相应的联络开关经双向电度表同输电网相连，从而组成实验室微电网系统；微电网控制器与各联络开关连接，微电网控制器采用并网运行控制策略或孤网运行时的稳定控制策略或有功调节与无功优化控制策略或并网/ 孤网模式切换策略或多电源协调控制策略及能量优化管理策略中的一种或多种进行控制， 并协调控制可再生能源并网装置与电能质量治理装置，完成可再生能源并网谐波抑制以及抗电压扰动。
[0008] 所述模拟风力发电系统为一台或几台风力发电机组，每台风力发电机组配有一台并网型变流器与联络开关连接。
[0009] 所述风力发电机组包括双馈型风力发电机和永磁直驱型发电机组中的一种或两种。
[0010] 所述模拟太阳能发电系统为一组或几组太阳能电池，它与相应的储能蓄电池连接，每组太阳能电池配有一台并网型变流器与联络开关连接；同时储能蓄电池经过其对应的联络开关也与并网型变流器连接；太阳能电池的直流侧通过联络开关同储能蓄电池相连，通过控制联络开关的闭合，控制直流侧储能蓄电池的投切，从而控制模拟太阳能发电系统以不同的功率模式输出。
[0011] 所述太阳能电池包括屋顶固定电池板型、玻璃幕墙电池板型和双轴跟踪逐日电池板型中的一种或多种。
[0012] 所述模拟发电机系统包括柴油发电机组或燃气发电机组，它与联络开关连接。
[0013] 所述燃气发电机组包括燃天然气发电机组、燃氢气发电机组和燃沼气发电机组中的一种或多种。
[0014] 所述模拟蓄电池储能系统包括蓄电池，它分别通过充电系统和并网型变流器与相应的联络开关连接；蓄电池包括铅酸电池、锂系电池、镍系电池、液流电池或者钠硫电池。
[0015] 所述模拟电能质量治理系统包括无功补偿系统和相应的联络开关以及谐波治理系统和相应的联络开关。
[0016] 所述模拟负载系统包括第一负载系统和第二负载系统；其中，第一负载系统为纯电阻性负载和联络开关；第二负载系统为感性电动机负载和联络开关。
[0017] 本发明提供一种实验室用微电网系统，包括模拟风力发电系统、模拟太阳能发电系统、模拟发电机组系统、模拟蓄电池储能系统、模拟电能质量治理系统、模拟的第一负载系统和第二负载系统。微电网系统通过双向电度表和联络开关同输电网相连，微电网可以有两种运行状态，并网运行和孤网运行。并网运行时，可再生能源的发电量不能满足负载需求时，可通过双向电度表从输电网吸收能量；可再生能源的发电量超过了负载需求时，可以向蓄电池充电，蓄电池充满后可以通过双向电度表向输电网反馈能量。孤网运行时，可再生能源的发电量不能满足负载需求时，需要通过蓄电池经过变流器输出能量；可再生能源的发电量超过负载需求时，可以向蓄电池充电，把多余的能量储存起来。并网运行和孤网运行两种状态还可以进行无扰动的切换，同时可以通过电能质量治理系统进行无功优化控制和谐波治理。上述功能都可以同微电网控制器通过不同的优化控制策略来实现。
[0018] 本发明的有益效果是：利用实验室用微电网平台可以开展基础性的分布式能源研究工作，包括分布式能源的运行、控制、保护的研究及新开发型电力电子接口装置；利用该平台可以开展基础性的微电网研究工作，包括微电网的监控、能源利用和优化、运行特性及运行方式研究、控制策略、保护和接地方案、数据通信协议及架构；利用该平台可以开展分布式能源和微电网控制器、保护和自动化装置的检测和认证工作；利用该平台可以开展培训、教育方面的工作。
附图说明
[0019] 图1为本发明的结构示意图。
[0020] 其中，1.模拟母线，2.输电电网，3.双向电度表，4.联络开关，5.充电系统，6.蓄电池，7.风力发电机组，8.并网型变流器，9.太阳能电池，10.储能蓄电池，11.无功补偿系统，12.谐波治理系统，13.第一负载系统，14.第二负载系统，15.氢气发电机组。
具体实施方式
[0021] 下面结合附图与实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
[0022] 图1中，如图所示，实验室用微电网系统，包括模拟风力发电系统、模拟太阳能发电系统、模拟发电机系统、模拟蓄电池储能系统、模拟负载系统、模拟电能质量治理系统，模拟母线1也通过相应的联络开关4经双向电度表3同输电网2相连，从而组成实验室微电网系统；微电网控制器与各联络开关4连接，微电网控制器采用并网运行控制策略或孤网运行时的稳定控制策略或有功调节与无功优化控制策略或并网/孤网模式切换策略或多电源协调控制策略及能量优化管理策略中的一种或多种进行控制，并协调控制可再生能源并网装置与电能质量治理装置，完成可再生能源并网谐波抑制以及抗电压扰动。
[0023] 模拟风力发电系统为一台或几台风力发电机组7，每台风力发电机组7配有一台并网型变流器8与联络开关4连接，可以分别投入实验室用微电网。风力发电机组7包括双馈型风力发电机和永磁直驱型发电机组中的一种或两种。
[0024] 模拟太阳能发电系统为一组或几组太阳能电池9，它与相应的储能蓄电池10连接，每组太阳能电池9配有一台并网型变流器8与联络开关4连接，可以分别投入实验室用微电网；同时储能蓄电池10经过其对应的联络开关4也与并网型变流器8连接。其中，太阳能电池9包括屋顶固定电池板型、玻璃幕墙电池板型和双轴跟踪逐日电池板型中的一种或多种。每种太阳能电池9的直流侧通过联络开关4同储能蓄电池10相连，通过控制联络开关4的闭合，可以控制直流侧储能蓄电池10的投切，即可以控制模拟太阳能发电系统以不同的功率模式输出。
[0025] 模拟发电机系统包括柴油发电机组或燃气发电机组，它与联络开关4连接。其中燃气发电机组包括燃天然气发电机组、氢气发电机组15和燃沼气发电机组中的一种或多种。
[0026] 氢气发电机组15通过联络开关4可以分别投入实验室用微电网。
[0027] 模拟发电机系统为实验室用微电网提供功率的同时，也为实验室用微电网提供幅值和频率稳定的三相电压支撑。
[0028] 模拟蓄电池储能系统包括蓄电池6，它分别通过充电系统5和并网型变流器8与相应的联络开关4连接，可以通过联络开关分别投入实验室用微电网；蓄电池6包括铅酸电池、锂系电池、镍系电池、液流电池或者钠硫电池。
[0029] 所述模拟电能质量治理系统包括无功补偿系统11和相应的联络开关4以及谐波治理系统12和相应的联络开关4，通过各自的联络开关4分别投入实验室用微电网系统。
[0030] 模拟负载系统包括第一负载系统13和第二负载系统14 ；其中，第一负载系统13 为纯电阻性负载和联络开关4 ；第二负载系统14为感性电动机负载和联络开关4。
[0031] 整个模拟负载系统可以分成多组，调节投入负载组数可以调节总负载容量。
[0032] 本发明提供的一种实验室用微电网系统，用于将多种类型的可再生能源发电系统、蓄电池储能系统、负载系统通过电力电子装置和联络开光连接起来，组成实验室微电网系统，用于研究微电网系统的协调运行控制策略框架。包括并网运行控制策略，孤网运行时
5的稳定控制策略、有功调节与无功优化控制技术，并网/孤网模式切换策略，多电源协调控制策略及能量优化管理，同时研究可再生能源并网系统谐波抑制、抗电压扰动技术，协调控制可再生能源并网装置与电能质量治理装置等。
[0033] 可以理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1. 一种实验室用的微电网系统，它包括模拟母线，其特征是，在模拟母线上分别相应的联络开关连接模拟风力发电系统、模拟太阳能发电系统、模拟发电机系统、模拟蓄电池储能系统、模拟负载系统、模拟电能质量治理系统；模拟母线也通过相应的联络开关经双向电度表同输电网相连，从而组成实验室微电网系统；微电网控制器与各联络开关连接，微电网控制器采用并网运行控制策略或孤网运行时的稳定控制策略或有功调节与无功优化控制策略或并网/孤网模式切换策略或多电源协调控制策略及能量优化管理策略中的一种或多种进行控制，并协调控制可再生能源并网装置与电能质量治理装置，完成可再生能源并网谐波抑制以及抗电压扰动。
2.如权利要求1所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述模拟风力发电系统为一台或几台风力发电机组，每台风力发电机组配有一台并网型变流器与联络开关连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述风力发电机组包括双馈型风力发电机和永磁直驱型发电机组中的一种或两种。
4.如权利要求1所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述模拟太阳能发电系统为一组或几组太阳能电池，它与相应的储能蓄电池连接，每组太阳能电池配有一台并网型变流器与联络开关连接；同时储能蓄电池经过其对应的联络开关也与并网型变流器连接； 太阳能电池的直流侧通过联络开关同储能蓄电池相连，通过控制联络开关的闭合，控制直流侧储能蓄电池的投切，从而控制模拟太阳能发电系统以不同的功率模式输出。
5.如权利要求4所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述太阳能电池包括屋顶固定电池板型、玻璃幕墙电池板型和双轴跟踪逐日电池板型中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求1所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述模拟发电机系统包括柴油发电机组或燃气发电机组，它与联络开关连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述燃气发电机组包括燃天然气发电机组、燃氢气发电机组和燃沼气发电机组中的一种或多种。
8.如权利要求1所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述模拟蓄电池储能系统包括蓄电池，它分别通过充电系统和并网型变流器与相应的联络开关连接；蓄电池包括铅酸电池、锂系电池、镍系电池、液流电池或者钠硫电池。
9.如权利要求1所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述模拟电能质量治理系统包括无功补偿系统和相应的联络开关以及谐波治理系统和相应的联络开关。
10.如权利要求1所述的实验室用的微电网系统，其特征是，所述模拟负载系统包括第一负载系统和第二负载系统；其中，第一负载系统为纯电阻性负载和联络开关；第二负载系统为感性电动机负载和联络开关。
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| CN103050995A (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-17 | 河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 一种微电网试验系统 |
| CN103050995B (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-10-05 | 河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 一种微电网试验系统 |
| CN103368202A (zh) * | 2013-06-15 | 2013-10-23 | 力德风力发电(江西)有限责任公司 | 零碳建筑多能互补综合能源利用系统 |
| CN104698859A (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-10 | 国家电网公司 | 分布式能源发电实验系统 |
| CN103915836A (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-07-09 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于多种分布式电源的实验室用智能微电网系统 |
| CN105207340A (zh) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏绿扬电子仪器集团有限公司 | 一种风光互补新能源应用实验平台 |
| CN106777596A (zh) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 三峡大学 | 微电网半实物仿真系统及风力发电机闭环控制方法 |
| CN106981886A (zh) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-25 | 国网浙江省电力公司嘉兴供电公司 | 一种虚拟电厂电能优化选取调度方法 |
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