CN102364068A - 船用尾排气处理系统 - Google Patents
船用尾排气处理系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102364068A CN102364068A CN2011101771084A CN201110177108A CN102364068A CN 102364068 A CN102364068 A CN 102364068A CN 2011101771084 A CN2011101771084 A CN 2011101771084A CN 201110177108 A CN201110177108 A CN 201110177108A CN 102364068 A CN102364068 A CN 102364068A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- heat exchanger
- outlet
- ammonia
- desulfurizer
- Prior art date
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- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbents Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxides Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001874 nitric oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oils Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous Oxide Chemical compound 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[O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 281000120149 Gas Gas companies 0.000 abstract 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound 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[Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 description 3
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种船用尾排气处理系统，气-气换热器热端出口与除尘装置连接，除尘装置与脱硫装置连接，脱硫装置设有海水进口，脱硫装置的烟气出口通过管道与除雾器连接，脱硫装置的海水出口与水处理装置连接，除雾器通过管道与气-气换热器的冷端进口连接，气-气换热器的冷端出口与SCR脱硝装置连接，供氨装置的氨气出口连接在脱硫装置烟气出口至气-气换热器之间的管路上。本发明结构合理，工作性能好；在使用含硫量3.5%重油的情况下，脱硫后烟气中SO2(ppm)/CO2(%)≤4.3；脱硝后烟气中氮氧化物含量达到TierⅢ指标；除尘效率≥80%%。
Description
船用尾排气处理系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种船用尾排气处理系统。 背景技术
[0002] 国际海事组织（ΙΜ0)的统计表明，全球以柴油机为动力的船舶每年向大气排放的 NOx约1000万吨，SOx约为850万吨，由于70%以上的海上船舶是在离海岸线约400公里的范围内行驶，船舶大气污染已经到了不容忽视的地步，特别是在港口、海峡和一些航线密集、船舶流量大的海区，船舶排放的废气甚至成为该地区的主要污染源。另外，被污染的海洋大气可通过气候作用飘散到IOOOkm以外的地区，对全球环境造成影响。船舶柴油机排放废气中的NOx和SOx等对大气环境造成的污染已引起国际社会广泛的关注。
[0003] 人们对海上环保的日益重视以及防止船舶造成大气污染方面相关法规的日益严格，促进了船舶环保技术的发展。纵观目前已研发船舶大气防污技术，主要集中在氮氧化物和硫氧化物方面。
[0004] 在氮氧化物减排技术方面，柴油机厂家通过对柴油机的优化已可以达到Tier II 排放标准，目前普遍认为：仅通过对柴油机的优化已无法达到Tier III排放标准。选择性催化还原脱硝（SCR)技术成为满足更高排放指标的可行技术，得到了各柴油机厂家的青睐。
[0005] 在硫氧化物减排技术方面，为满足最严格的船舶硫氧化物排放指标，目前主要研究方向为低硫燃料技术和湿法洗涤技术。海水湿法洗涤脱硫技术以工艺成熟、效率高、安全可靠、运行成本低等特点成为目前的主要发展方向，国外一些公司均已研制了船用海水脱硫系统。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的在于提供一种结构合理，工作性能好的船用尾排气处理系统。
[0007] 本发明的技术解决方案是：
一种船用尾排气处理系统，其特征是：包括与气-气换热器热端连接的柴油机尾气进口，气-气换热器热端出口与除尘装置连接，除尘装置与脱硫装置连接，脱硫装置设有海水进口，脱硫装置的烟气出口通过管道与除雾器连接，脱硫装置的海水出口与水处理装置连接，除雾器通过管道与气-气换热器的冷端进口连接，气-气换热器的冷端出口与SCR脱硝装置连接，供氨装置的氨气出口连接在脱硫装置烟气出口至气-气换热器之间的管路上。
[0008] 所述气-气换热器为板翅式气-气换热器，且板翅式换热器的比表面积大于1000 m2/m3，保证进入SCR脱硝装置的烟气温度在150°C以上。
[0009] 所述脱硫装置包括与除尘装置连接的预喷淋室，预喷淋室与脱硫塔连接，脱硫塔呈使烟气与海水逆向接触的形式。
[0010] 所述水处理装置包括去除颗粒物的反冲洗排污过滤器或旋风分离器，反冲洗排污过滤器或旋风分离器后设置去除油污和PAH (多环芳烃polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon )组分的絮凝、重力沉降、气浮、吸附装置中的一种或几种。[0011] 所述供氨装置包括与氨贮罐连接的蒸发器，蒸发器与氨气缓冲罐连接。
[0012] 本发明结构合理，工作性能好。主要优点：
1)在使用含硫量3. 5%重油的情况下，脱硫后烟气中SA (ppm)/C02(%) < 4. 3(相当于使用0. l%m/m低硫油）；
2)脱硝后烟气中氮氧化物含量达到Tier III指标；
3)除尘效率彡80%;
4)系统能耗/发动机功率< 2. 5% ；
5)使用寿命> 30年；
6)完备的监控系统确保全自动运行；
7)系统运行安全可靠，具备完善的安全措施。
附图说明
[0013] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
[0014] 图1是本发明一个实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0015] 一种船用尾排气处理系统，包括与气-气换热器1热端连接的柴油机尾气进口 2， 气-气换热器热端出口与除尘装置3连接，除尘装置与脱硫装置连接，脱硫装置设有与海水进水系统4连接的海水进口，脱硫装置的烟气出口通过管道与除雾器5连接，脱硫装置的海水出口与水处理装置6连接，除雾器通过管道与气-气换热器的冷端进口连接，气-气换热器的冷端出口与SCR脱硝装置7连接，供氨装置的氨气出口连接在脱硫装置烟气出口至气-气换热器之间的管路上。
[0016] 所述气-气换热器为板翅式气-气换热器，且板翅式换热器的比表面积大于1000 m2/m3，保证进入SCR脱硝装置的烟气温度在150°C以上。
[0017] 所述脱硫装置包括与除尘装置连接的预喷淋室(文丘里洗涤器或雾化喷嘴洗涤器）8，预喷淋室与脱硫塔(喷淋塔或填料塔）9连接，脱硫塔呈使烟气与海水逆向接触的形式。
[0018] 所述水处理装置包括去除颗粒物的反冲洗排污过滤器或旋风分离器，反冲洗排污过滤器或旋风分离器后设置去除油污和PAH组分的絮凝、重力沉降、气浮、吸附装置中的一种或几种。首先采用全自动反冲洗排污过滤器或旋风分离器，去除洗涤水中绝大部分颗粒物，然后结合絮凝、重力沉降、气浮和吸附工艺去除废水中大量的PAH和油类，然后用水稀释，提高排水PH值至6. 5以上，经过处理的洗涤水可直接排入海洋。从水处理系统中分离出的废弃物储存在污泥箱中，船舶靠岸后转移到岸上处理。
[0019] 所述供氨装置包括与氨贮罐10连接的蒸发器11，蒸发器与氨气缓冲罐12连接。 图中还有增压系统13。
[0020] 本发明的工作过程是：柴油机尾气首先进入气-气换热器热端，降温后的烟气进入除尘系统，烟气中的大部分粉尘和油成份被拦截，经降温、除尘后的烟气进入脱硫系统， 首先在预喷淋室进一步降温并除尘，烟气中的剩余粉尘可在预喷淋室内被水雾捕捉，随后烟气进入脱硫塔，在脱硫塔内与海水逆向接触，烟气中的被海水吸收。脱硫后的低温烟气在流过除雾器时，烟气中的绝大部分液态水被除雾器捕捉，随后烟气流经换热系统的冷端，烟气被加热至150°C以上。液氨在蒸发器中吸热蒸发为气态氨，而后进入氨气缓冲罐， 适量的氨气注入低温烟气中，经风机旋转搅拌和换热器内流道的静态均勻混合后进入低温 SCR反应室，在低温SCR反应室中NOx与氨气反应被还原为N2和H20。 [0021] 脱硫后的海水经水处理系统后与稀释海水混合可直接排入大海，废水中的大部分固体颗粒和油份被存积在污泥箱中，船舶靠岸后转移到港口处理。
Claims (5)
1. 一种船用尾排气处理系统，其特征是：包括与气-气换热器热端连接的柴油机尾气进口，气-气换热器热端出口与除尘装置连接，除尘装置与脱硫装置连接，脱硫装置设有海水进口，脱硫装置的烟气出口通过管道与除雾器连接，脱硫装置的海水出口与水处理装置连接，除雾器通过管道与气-气换热器的冷端进口连接，气-气换热器的冷端出口与SCR 脱硝装置连接，供氨装置的氨气出口连接在脱硫装置烟气出口至气-气换热器之间的管路上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船用尾排气处理系统，其特征是：所述气-气换热器为板翅式气-气换热器，且板翅式换热器的比表面积大于1000 πί/m3，保证进入SCR脱硝装置的烟气温度在150°C以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的船用尾排气处理系统，其特征是：所述脱硫装置包括与除尘装置连接的预喷淋室，预喷淋室与脱硫塔连接，脱硫塔呈使烟气与海水逆向接触的形式。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的船用尾排气处理系统，其特征是：所述水处理装置包括去除颗粒物的反冲洗排污过滤器或旋风分离器，反冲洗排污过滤器或旋风分离器后设置去除油污和PAH组分的絮凝、重力沉降、气浮、吸附装置中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的船用尾排气处理系统，其特征是：所述供氨装置包括与氨贮罐连接的蒸发器，蒸发器与氨气缓冲罐连接。
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