CN102350008A - 一种处理动物源性胶原纤维材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种处理动物源性胶原纤维材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN102350008A
CN102350008A CN2011103274758A CN201110327475A CN102350008A CN 102350008 A CN102350008 A CN 102350008A CN 2011103274758 A CN2011103274758 A CN 2011103274758A CN 201110327475 A CN201110327475 A CN 201110327475A CN 102350008 A CN102350008 A CN 102350008A
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陈大凯
李�雨
房圆
田聪
董教明
周玲
刘翔
陈国明
乐承筠
罗七一
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Microport Medical Shanghai Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及医疗器械领域,具体涉及一种处理动物源性胶原纤维材料的方法。该方法采用含有聚乙二醇和氧化剂的盐溶液对动物源性胶原纤维材料进行处理。经本发明方法处理后的生物瓣膜植入受体后,不发生免疫炎症反应。

Description

一种处理动物源性胶原纤维材料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种处理动物源性胶原纤维材料的方法。
背景技术
动物源性胶原纤维材料包括肌腱、角膜、心瓣、韧带、皮肤和隔膜等,主要由胶原纤维、弹性纤维和蛋白聚糖组成。弹性纤维层网状分布于心包全层,胶原纤维呈波浪状多层次结构。心脏瓣膜(心瓣)是由动物心包组分所组成,主要分为浆膜层、纤维层和外心包结缔组织层,它是动物源性胶原纤维材料的一种。
生物心脏瓣膜是用于心脏疾病治疗的生物材料,与机械瓣膜相比,具有不需长期抗凝、血流动力学性能良好等优点,尽管其使用寿命仍然较低,但它的临床应用地位无法用机械瓣代替。目前国外生物瓣使用比例已经超过机械瓣。但由于移植中存在免疫反应,生物瓣需要事先经过特殊处理。
现有技术对异种生物瓣的处理有以下几种方法:
首先是戊二醛固定与化学改性。戊二醛处理能使胶原纤维发生交联从而增加组织稳定性,降低免疫原性,有助于增加其体外的力学性能与耐久性;但同时也丢失了大量的可溶性蛋白,其表面暴露的氨基酸残基发生变化,胶原的磷酸键裸露,提供了类似激发钙化的化学环境[Golomb G;Ezra V Govalent binding of protamine by glutaraldehyde tobioprosthetic tissue:characterization and anticalcification effect1992(01)]。因此,在戊二醛固定的基础上,各种改性技术被发展应用:清洁剂或表面改性剂的处理,共价结合二磷酸盐类,α油酸防钙化处理,甲苯胺蓝处理等。这些方法延缓了瓣膜组织疲劳和钙化的发生,但并没有从根本上解决问题。
第二种方法为去细胞生物瓣。去除原组织的细胞,构造一个基质,使得植入人体后受体的细胞能在其上生长。具体方法有:1)脱细胞(通过低渗休克和核酸酶处理杀死细胞)[Goldstein,U.S.Pat.Nos.5613982;5632778;5899936和5843182];2)控制下的细胞自我分解[Jaffe,U.S.Pat.Nos.5843180;5843181和5720777];3)辐射[Schinstein,U.S.Pat.Nos.5795790;8843431;5843717和5935849][Badylak,U.S.Pat.No.6126686];4)酸处理[Abraham,U.S.Pat.No.5993833]。移植入人体后,在体内环境下人体细胞在其上分化为内皮细胞,最终材料将重塑为类似天然的组织。
第三种方法为体外内皮化。瓣膜材料脱细胞后种植、培养自体细胞,使生物瓣裸露的区域再内皮化[Goldstein,U.S.Pat.No.7318998]。此种生物瓣在临床初步应用的效果并不理想。2003年,第1例用去细胞猪生物组织工程瓣SynergrafteTM(Cryolife Inc.,USA)在欧洲应用于临床手术,但术后短期内即出现了瓣膜的撕裂、钙化和严重的变性[SimonP.Kasimir MT.Seebacher G et al.Early failure of the tissue engineeredporcine heart valve SYNERGRAFTTM in pediatric patients European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.Volume 23,Issue 6,June 2003,Pages 1002-1006]。
由于还不清楚干细胞分化的分子机制,定向诱导分化过程也不能被完全控制,因而生物瓣体外内皮化还有很多问题需要解决。
针对上述诸多缺陷,生物瓣膜至今尚无令人满意的解决方案,仍有进一步改进的余地。
本领域技术人员知晓,免疫反应的主要原因是供体与受体细胞表面分子的差异。如果植入物含有供体活细胞,免疫反应会被增强;若植入物不含活细胞,其残留的蛋白等物质仍具有免疫原性。为了去除这些物质,必须使用强效的化学处理手段,以保证所有这些物质都被除去。而在这过程中组织基质同样也遭到了破坏。
聚乙二醇(PEG)是一种低毒性、无免疫原性的化合物,具有良好的生物相容性,不会在体内降解产生有毒的衍生物,几乎不影响被修饰物质的生物学性质。人们已经发现聚乙二醇(PEG)作用于植入物,能够降低受体的免疫反应[“Heart Preservation Solution ContainingPolyethylene Glycol:An Immunosuppressive Effect”by Collins,et al.inLancet,338:390(1991)]。Tokunaga等人进行的小鼠肝脏移植实验中,植入组织经PEG处理的实验组小鼠平均存活时间由9.6天提高到11.9天[“The Immunosuppressive Effect of Polyethyene Glycol in a FlushSolution for Rat Liver Transplantation”by Tokunaga,et al.inTransplantation,54:7568(1992)]。
亦已发现组织相容性抗原是移植排斥产生的主要决定因素。当接受来自不同种或不同个体的植入物时,人体免疫系统识别出外来组织,产生炎症细胞如巨噬细胞,分泌含有酶的微粒,消化外来物。而消化的过程又会产生更多的炎症细胞,直到外来物被去除。此消化过程是一种氧化反应,因此炎症反应与植入物可被氧化的程度有关。
然而,现有技术并没有教导PEG与氧化剂组合处理生物瓣膜,降低炎症反应的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种处理动物源胶原组织材料的方法,使之能植入受体,而不发生免疫炎症反应。
为了降低植入物可被氧化的程度,避免炎症反应的发生,本发明使用过氧化氢作为氧化剂。人体的炎症反应过程中自然产生的氧化剂也是过氧化氢,它可与多种基团反应使之被氧化,如醛基、氨基、脂质等。在氧化反应中,需要保护组织纤维,以免变性而遭破坏。人们已经知道在高浓度盐溶液中,胶原分子及动物纤维能维持稳定,因此本发明氧化反应在高浓度盐溶液中进行,从而保护组织纤维。
结缔组织主要由胶原、弹性纤维、胶原蛋白、蛋白聚糖、脂质、核酸、可溶性小分子、无机物、水等组成。当细胞死亡后,小分子被释放出来,而蛋白质、蛋白聚糖、核酸等大分子不易除去。高浓度盐溶液能析出这些大分子,同时破坏蛋白聚糖与核酸之间的相互作用,使它们不再粘附于胶原。
在去除非胶原物质及氧化反应过程中,为了使胶原纤维保持完整,在溶液中加入聚乙二醇以使胶原纤维不被溶解。
具体而言,本发明涉及一种处理动物源性胶原纤维材料的方法,其特征在于,用含有聚乙二醇和氧化剂的盐溶液对动物源性胶原纤维材料进行处理。
根据本发明,盐溶液的浓度至少为2.5mol/L,优选为2.5mol/L-4.5mol/L。
根据本发明,氧化剂优选为过氧化氢。
根据本发明,动物源性胶原纤维材料为肌腱、角膜、心瓣、韧带、皮肤和隔膜,优选为生物瓣膜。
本发明方法包括下列步骤:
将组织材料从动物体内取出后,在生理盐水中修剪,然后浸泡于0-10℃稳定液中,稳定液为生理盐水或30%-70%(优选40%-60%,更优选50%)乙醇,使用生理盐水时浸泡时间不应超过48小时,使用乙醇时浸泡时间不应超过30天;
然后用溶液一处理组织,溶液一成分如下:聚乙二醇,分子量2000-20000D,浓度1%-15%;氯化钠,浓度2.5mol/L-4.5mol/L;磷酸盐缓冲液,浓度0.02-0.1mol/L,pH值6.5-7;氧化剂,浓度0.1%-2%;处理时间2-2400小时,温度0-10℃;
从溶液一中取出组织后,用低浓度(例如,60%以下)乙醇水溶液清洗,洗去溶液一的残余物。
本发明方法进一步包括:
在溶液一处理和乙醇水溶液清洗后,再用溶液二处理组织,溶液二成分为:30%-70%(优选40%-60%,更优选50%)乙醇;消炎药物,浓度10-200mg/L;
然后任选地,将组织浸泡于溶液三中,溶液三成分为:30%-70%(优选40%-60%,更优选50%)乙醇;抗凝血药,浓度100-1000IU/ml;
最后用生理盐水冲洗组织,浸没于30%-70%(优选40%-60%,更优选50%)乙醇中,0-6℃保存。
或者,本发明方法进一步包括:
在溶液一处理和乙醇水溶液清洗后,浸泡于溶液四中,溶液四成分为:30%-70%(优选40%-60%,更优选50%)乙醇;消炎药物,浓度10-200mg/L;抗凝血药,浓度100-1000IU/ml;
最后用生理盐水冲洗组织,浸没于30%-70%(优选40%-60%,更优选50%)乙醇中,0-6℃保存。
在本发明的优选方案中,消炎药选自吲哚美辛,醋酸地塞米松,地塞米松,雷帕霉素,泼尼松,醋酸泼尼松,醋柳酸娠烯醇酮,皮考布洛芬,布洛芬和丁苯羟酸,而抗凝血药选自肝磷脂、依诺肝素和水蛭素。
除心瓣之外,其他动物源性胶原纤维材料,如肌腱、角膜、韧带、皮肤和隔膜等,其主要成分也是由胶原纤维、弹性纤维和蛋白聚糖组成,所以本领域技术人员可以预期,本发明采用的对于瓣膜材料的处理方法同样适用于这些动物源性胶原纤维材料。
附图说明
为了更清楚地描述本发明的技术方案,下面将结合附图作简要介绍。显而易见,这些附图仅是本申请记载的一些具体实施方式。本发明方法包括但不限于这些附图。
图1为动物源胶原组织材料的处理流程图。
图2采用本发明实施例1、实施例2和实施例3与戊二醛处理后的牛心包生物瓣膜植入小鼠35天后的钙含量比较。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面将结合实施例对本发明的优选方案进行描述。这些描述只是举例说明本发明方法的特征和优点,而非限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
1.将人工生物瓣膜在50%乙醇溶液中浸泡10天。
2.将步骤1处理过的人工生物瓣膜放入聚乙二醇,浓度5%,分子量2000D;氯化钠,浓度2.5mol/L;磷酸盐缓冲液,浓度0.04mol/L,pH值7;过氧化氢,浓度1%的溶液中,处理时间80小时。
实施例2
1.将人工生物瓣膜在50%乙醇溶液中浸泡20天。
2.将步骤1处理过的人工生物瓣膜放入聚乙二醇,浓度5%,分子量6000D;氯化钠,浓度2.5mol/L;磷酸盐缓冲液,浓度0.02mol/L,pH值7;过氧化氢,浓度1%的溶液中,处理时间为90小时。
3.将步骤2处理过的人工生物瓣膜放入50%乙醇;吲哚美辛,浓度100mg/L的溶液中,处理时间为30小时。
实施例3
1.将人工生物瓣膜在50%乙醇溶液中浸泡30天。
2.将步骤1处理过的人工生物瓣膜放入聚乙二醇,浓度15%,分子量8000D;氯化钠,浓度4.5mol/L;磷酸盐缓冲液,浓度0.1mol/L,pH值7;过氧化氢,浓度2%的溶液中,处理时间为96小时。
3.将步骤2处理过的人工生物瓣膜放入50%乙醇;吲哚美辛,浓度200mg/L的溶液中,处理时间为30小时。
4.将步骤3处理过的人工生物瓣膜放入50%乙醇;依诺肝素,浓度1000IU/ml的溶液中,处理时间为24小时。
实施例4
1.将人工生物瓣膜在0.625%戊二醛溶液中浸泡10天,得到戊二醛处理后的人工生物瓣膜(牛心包生物瓣膜),作为对照。
2.样品植入:将实施例1-3的人工生物瓣膜和对照生物瓣膜植入大鼠皮下35天后取出。
3.样品配制:将生物瓣膜取出,漂洗去除血液,然后置于烘箱中,90℃×40h烘干,标准精确称量干重后用体积比1∶1稀释的浓硝酸加热分解,冷却后过氧化氢充分氧化,然后用水定容至刻度,待进样。
4.标准品配制:精密量取钙的标准溶液于容量瓶中,加入体积比1∶1稀释的浓硝酸适量,再加入与样品等量的过氧化氢,然后用水定容至刻度,待进样。
5.钙含量的测定方法:通过原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)对于人工生物瓣膜分解液燃烧过程中的吸光值变化得出人工生物瓣的钙含量。
AAS参数:
 仪器类型(Instrument Type)  Zeeman
 浓度单位(Conc.Units)  μg/L
 仪器方式(Instrument Mode)  吸光度(Absorbance)
 取样方式(Sampling Mode)  自动正常(Auto normal)
 校准算法(Calibration Algorithm)  线性(Linear)
 校准方式(Calibration Mode)  浓度(Concentration)
 测量方式(Measurement Mode)  峰面积(Peak Area)
 重复标准(Replicates Standard)  3
 重复抽样样品(Replicates Sample)  3
 膨胀系数(Expansion Factor)  1
 最小读数(Minimum Reading)  未启(Disabled)
 滤波(Smoothing)  7维(point)
 浓度小数位数(Conc.Dec.Places)  4
 波长(Wavelength)  422.7nm
 缝宽(Slit Width)  0.5nm
 光源电流(Lamp Current)  10.0mA
 背景补偿(Background Correction)  BC开启
 样品体积(Sample Volume)  10μL
 总体积(Total Volume)  15μL
钙含量的具体数值参见图2。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明方法进行若干改进和修饰,但这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求请求保护的范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种处理动物源性胶原纤维材料的方法,其特征在于,用含有聚乙二醇和氧化剂的盐溶液对动物源性胶原纤维材料进行处理。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中盐溶液的浓度至少为2.5mol/L。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中氧化剂为过氧化氢。
4.前述权利要求任一项所述的方法,其中动物源性胶原纤维材料为肌腱、角膜、心瓣、韧带、皮肤或隔膜。
5.权利要求4所述的方法,其中动物源性胶原纤维材料为生物瓣膜。
6.前述权利要求任一项所述的方法,其包括下列步骤:
将组织材料从动物体内取出后,在生理盐水中修剪,然后浸泡于0-10℃稳定液中,稳定液为生理盐水或30%-70%乙醇,使用生理盐水时浸泡时间不应超过48小时,使用乙醇时浸泡时间不应超过30天;
然后用溶液一处理组织,溶液一成分如下:聚乙二醇,分子量2000-20000D,浓度1%-15%;氯化钠,浓度2.5mol/L-4.5mol/L;磷酸盐缓冲液,浓度0.02-0.1mol/L,pH值6.5-7;氧化剂,浓度0.1%-2%;处理时间2-2400小时,温度0-10℃;
从溶液一中取出组织后,用低浓度乙醇水溶液清洗,洗去溶液一的残余物。
7.权利要求6所述的方法,其进一步包括:
在溶液一处理和乙醇水溶液清洗后,再用溶液二处理组织,溶液二成分为:30%-70%乙醇;消炎药物,浓度10-200mg/L;
然后任选地,将组织浸泡于溶液三中,溶液三成分为:30%-70%乙醇;抗凝血药,浓度100-1000IU/ml;
最后用生理盐水冲洗组织,浸没于30%-70%乙醇中,0-6℃保存。
8.权利要求6所述的方法,其进一步包括:
在溶液一处理和乙醇水溶液清洗后,浸泡于溶液四中,溶液四成分为:30%-70%乙醇;消炎药物,浓度10-200mg/L;抗凝血药,浓度100-1000IU/ml;
最后用生理盐水冲洗组织,浸没于30%-70%乙醇中,0-6℃保存。
9.权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中消炎药选自吲哚美辛,醋酸地塞米松,地塞米松,雷帕霉素,泼尼松,醋酸泼尼松,醋柳酸娠烯醇酮,皮考布洛芬,布洛芬和丁苯羟酸,而抗凝血药选自肝磷脂、依诺肝素和水蛭素。
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