CN102334459A - Circulating water aquaculture system - Google Patents
Circulating water aquaculture system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种循环水水产养殖系统，本发明的目的是实现养殖用水循环利用和固体颗粒物的二次利用。本发明采用养殖池、絮凝反应器、生物过滤器、沉淀池、絮凝体收集装置和调配池，其特征是养殖池为浅锥形型玻璃钢养殖池，池底中央设排污口；沉淀池为平流式沉淀池，沉淀池与絮凝反应器连通处设可调节开关阀，沉淀池底部设污泥泵，沉淀池内放置倾角为60°的斜板；絮凝反应器为锥形桶，底部、中间各设一圈微曝气管，絮凝反应器底部中央设一出口，进水口位于池底，池壁设一出水管，絮凝反应器底部高度与养殖池中间的高度持平；絮凝体收集装置为圆锥形，底部设出口；调配池设pH调节泵和温控设备。本发明用于循环水养殖，可以实现污染零排放。
A circulating water aquaculture system, the purpose of the invention is to realize the recycling of aquaculture water and the secondary utilization of solid particles. The present invention adopts a culture pond, a flocculation reactor, a biological filter, a sedimentation tank, a floc collection device and a blending pond, and is characterized in that the culture pond is a shallow conical fiberglass culture pond, and a sewage outlet is arranged in the center of the bottom of the pond; the sedimentation pond is an advection An adjustable switch valve is set at the connection between the sedimentation tank and the flocculation reactor, a sludge pump is installed at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, and a slant plate with an inclination angle of 60° is placed in the sedimentation tank; the flocculation reactor is a conical barrel, and the bottom and the middle are respectively set There is a circle of micro-aeration tubes, an outlet is set in the center of the bottom of the flocculation reactor, the water inlet is located at the bottom of the pool, and an outlet pipe is set on the wall of the pool. The height of the bottom of the flocculation reactor is equal to the height of the middle of the culture tank; An outlet is provided at the bottom; a pH adjustment pump and temperature control equipment are provided in the blending pool. The invention is used for circulating aquaculture and can realize zero discharge of pollution.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及水产养殖污水的循环利用及固体颗粒物的二次利用设施。The invention relates to a recycling facility of aquaculture sewage and a secondary utilization facility of solid particles.
背景技术 Background technique
一般情况下，集约化水产养殖活动中投喂饵料的20-25％的蛋白质转换成鱼肉，剩余的以氨氮、残饵和粪便的形式存在于养殖环境中。存在养殖水体的残饵和粪便是水体中氨氮、亚硝酸氮等的主要来源，固体颗粒物的降解会消耗大量的氧气。所以对于循环水养殖系统，在系统设计时要求尽可能短的时间内高效的把颗粒物移出系统。Generally, in intensive aquaculture activities, 20-25% of the protein in the bait is converted into fish meat, and the rest exists in the aquaculture environment in the form of ammonia nitrogen, residual bait and feces. The residual bait and feces in the aquaculture water body are the main sources of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water body, and the degradation of solid particles will consume a large amount of oxygen. Therefore, for recirculating aquaculture systems, it is required to efficiently remove particulate matter from the system in the shortest possible time during system design.
对于水体中的氨氮及残饵和粪便，一种处理方法是进行换水。据估算，养殖1kg的对虾要消耗20m3清洁水源，养殖1kg鱼消耗的清洁水源大约为2-10m3。第二种方法是将养殖用水进行处理再利用，即循环水养殖，一般循环水养殖水体重复利用率为95％，每1kg养殖产量消耗的水资源大约为20-30l。循环水养殖的水处理成本是决定养殖效益的关键因素。目前常用的循环水养殖水处理装置包括生物过滤器、泡沫分离器、固液分离机等。循环水养殖系统中会产生大量的固体废弃物，研究表明，年产1000kg的循环水养殖场，每年产生375kg的固体颗粒废弃物。For ammonia nitrogen, residual bait and feces in the water body, one treatment method is to change the water. It is estimated that raising 1kg of prawns consumes 20m 3 of clean water, and raising 1kg of fish consumes about 2-10m 3 of clean water. The second method is to treat and reuse the aquaculture water, that is, recirculating aquaculture. Generally, the water reuse rate of recirculating aquaculture is 95%, and the water resource consumed per 1kg of aquaculture output is about 20-30l. The water treatment cost of recirculating aquaculture is a key factor in determining the efficiency of aquaculture. Currently commonly used circulating aquaculture water treatment devices include biological filters, foam separators, solid-liquid separators, etc. A large amount of solid waste will be generated in the recirculating aquaculture system. Studies have shown that a recirculating aquaculture farm with an annual output of 1000kg will generate 375kg of solid particle waste per year.
淡水养殖系统产生的固体颗粒物可以用来堆肥和灌溉。海水养殖系统中产生的固体颗粒物则因为含有盐分而资源化比较困难。所以如何实现水产养殖系统中固体颗粒物的资源化和减量化是实现循环水养殖系统零污染排放的核心技术，已经报道的常用处理方法是进行厌氧消化。实践证明这种处理方法反应时间太长(1-2个月)，且反应器占地面积较大。Solids produced by freshwater aquaculture systems can be used for composting and irrigation. The solid particles produced in the mariculture system are difficult to recycle because they contain salt. Therefore, how to realize the resource utilization and reduction of solid particles in the aquaculture system is the core technology to realize the zero pollution discharge of the recirculating aquaculture system. The commonly used treatment method that has been reported is anaerobic digestion. Practice has proved that the reaction time of this treatment method is too long (1-2 months), and the reactor occupies a large area.
生物絮凝技术利用微生物的无机氮同化过程，将氨氮、亚硝酸氮和硝酸盐转化成细菌物质，是活性污泥法处理城市废水中应用的较为成熟的技术之一。生物絮凝可以实现水体中氨的快速转化。如果水体中溶解态的碳、氮比维持某一水平的平衡(C/N＞15)，水体中的氨氮可以通过生物絮凝的方式直接转化成异养细菌的生物量而被去除。因为异养细菌的生长代谢速率约10倍于硝化细菌类的自养细菌，所以通过生物絮凝实现的异养氨转化明显快于硝化作用实现的氨转化。生物絮凝可以实现养殖水体中残饵和粪便的二次利用。细菌和附生藻类附着在来源于鱼类残饵和粪便分解过程中产生的粪便上，形成颗粒群聚体。细菌和藻类，由于大小和存在状态的关系，不一定能直接被鱼类所摄取。如果是颗粒群聚体形态的话，就能被滤食性、杂食性鱼类和虾摄取。试验结果表明，鲢鱼、罗非鱼、虾等摄食细菌絮凝体后生长率良好，而且同化率也高。生物絮凝技术对于水产养殖的意义在于可以降低水处理的成本，并实现废物的二次利用，降低饲料成本。Bioflocculation technology uses the inorganic nitrogen assimilation process of microorganisms to convert ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate into bacterial substances. It is one of the more mature technologies used in the treatment of urban wastewater by the activated sludge method. Bioflocculation can achieve rapid conversion of ammonia in water. If the ratio of dissolved carbon and nitrogen in the water body maintains a certain level of balance (C/N>15), the ammonia nitrogen in the water body can be directly converted into the biomass of heterotrophic bacteria by bioflocculation and removed. Because the growth and metabolic rate of heterotrophic bacteria is about 10 times that of autotrophic bacteria like nitrifying bacteria, the conversion of heterotrophic ammonia by bioflocculation is significantly faster than that by nitrification. Bioflocculation can realize the secondary utilization of residual bait and manure in aquaculture water. Bacteria and epiphytic algae attach to feces derived from fish residues and manure decomposition, forming particle aggregates. Bacteria and algae, due to their size and state of existence, are not necessarily directly ingested by fish. If it is in the form of particle aggregates, it can be ingested by filter-feeding and omnivorous fish and shrimp. The test results show that silver carp, tilapia, shrimp, etc. have good growth rate after ingesting bacterial flocs, and the assimilation rate is also high. The significance of bioflocculation technology for aquaculture is that it can reduce the cost of water treatment, realize the secondary utilization of waste, and reduce the cost of feed.
常用的水产养殖中应用生物絮凝技术是原位处理，即直接在养虾池和罗非鱼养殖池中添加碳源、充气，创造适宜于形成絮凝体的环境条件，实现水质净化和残饵和粪便的重复利用。这种方式的优点是成本低。但存在下述缺点：1、容易造成缺氧微生物降解有机物会消耗氧气，向养殖水体中直接加入碳源会造成水体中氧气的突然消耗而影响养殖对象的生长；2浑浊度太高直接在养殖水体中形成生物絮凝体会使养殖水体中的悬浮颗粒物浓度增加而影响养殖对象的生长。The commonly used bioflocculation technology in aquaculture is in-situ treatment, that is, adding carbon sources and aeration directly in shrimp ponds and tilapia ponds to create environmental conditions suitable for the formation of flocs, and to achieve water quality purification and residual bait. Reuse of manure. The advantage of this approach is low cost. But there are the following disadvantages: 1. It is easy to cause anoxic microorganisms to degrade organic matter and consume oxygen. Directly adding carbon source in the aquaculture water body will cause a sudden consumption of oxygen in the water body and affect the growth of the aquaculture object; The formation of biological flocs in the water body will increase the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the aquaculture water body and affect the growth of the aquaculture object.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是通过应用生物絮凝技术，实现水产养殖用水的循环利用和固体颗粒物的二次利用，从而做到真正的零排放。The purpose of the present invention is to realize the recycling of aquaculture water and the secondary utilization of solid particles through the application of biological flocculation technology, so as to achieve real zero discharge.
本发明的技术方案由养殖池、絮凝反应器、生物过滤器、沉淀池、絮凝体收集装置和调配池组成，其特征在于：所述养殖池为浅锥形型玻璃钢养殖池，直径为6m、深度2m、容积为50m3，底部倾斜30度，池底中央设排污口通排污管，养殖池配备充氧和控温设备；所述沉淀池长10m，宽2m，为平流式沉淀池，沉淀池与絮凝反应器连通处设可调节开关阀，沉淀池底部设污泥泵，沉淀池内放置倾角为60°的斜板；所述絮凝反应器为3个并联式絮凝反应器，絮凝反应器为锥形桶，直径为5m，深度为6m，底部倾斜30度，絮凝反应器底部、中间各设一圈微曝气管，使充气气泡小而均匀，絮凝反应器底部中央设一出口用以排出絮凝体，絮凝反应器进水口位于池底，絮凝反应器池壁设一出水管用于排除表层水，絮凝反应器底部高度与养殖池中间的高度基本持平；絮凝体收集装置直径1m，深度6m，为圆锥形，底部设出口；调配池设pH调节泵和温控设备。养殖池可充氧和控温，养殖水及固体颗粒物由池底排污口经排污管进入沉淀池，沉淀池以可调节开关阀控制养殖水选择性地进入并联的絮凝反应器，第一个絮凝反应器达到水位后，进入下一个絮凝反应器；在进水后的絮凝反应器内加入碳源，进行生物絮凝过程，经6-8小时絮凝体形成后，沉淀2个小时，排出絮凝体，再进水，再反应，依次往复；絮凝反应器处理后的上清水经排水管，自流入生物过滤器，生物过滤器处理来自于沉淀池上清水、沉淀后的絮凝反应器的上清水、絮凝体收集装置的上清水和养殖池直接出来的养殖用水，经生物过滤器处理后进入调配池调节pH和水温后进入养殖池；絮凝体经絮凝体收集装置浓缩后取出，可直接投喂罗非鱼、虾等滤食性鱼类，或作为饲料成分制作配合饲料。The technical solution of the present invention is composed of a culture pond, a flocculation reactor, a biological filter, a sedimentation tank, a floc collection device and a blending pond, and is characterized in that: the culture pond is a shallow conical fiberglass culture pond with a diameter of 6m, The depth is 2m, the volume is 50m 3 , the bottom is inclined at 30 degrees, the sewage outlet is set in the center of the bottom of the pond to connect the sewage pipe, and the breeding pond is equipped with oxygenation and temperature control equipment; An adjustable switch valve is set at the connection between the tank and the flocculation reactor, a sludge pump is set at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, and a slant plate with an inclination angle of 60° is placed in the sedimentation tank; the flocculation reactors are 3 parallel flocculation reactors, and the flocculation reactors are Conical barrel with a diameter of 5m, a depth of 6m, and an inclination of 30 degrees at the bottom. A circle of micro-aeration tubes is installed at the bottom and the middle of the flocculation reactor to make the aerated bubbles small and uniform. An outlet is provided at the bottom of the flocculation reactor for discharge. Flocculation, the water inlet of the flocculation reactor is located at the bottom of the pool, and an outlet pipe is provided on the wall of the flocculation reactor to remove surface water. The height of the bottom of the flocculation reactor is basically the same as that in the middle of the culture tank; the diameter of the floc collection device is 1m, and the depth is 6m , which is conical, with an outlet at the bottom; a pH adjustment pump and temperature control equipment are installed in the blending pool. The aquaculture pond can be oxygenated and temperature controlled. The aquaculture water and solid particles enter the sedimentation tank from the sewage outlet at the bottom of the pond through the sewage pipe. After the reactor reaches the water level, it enters the next flocculation reactor; carbon source is added into the flocculation reactor after entering the water, and the bioflocculation process is carried out. After 6-8 hours of floc formation, the flocs are precipitated for 2 hours, and the flocs are discharged. Re-introduce water, react again, and reciprocate in sequence; the supernatant water treated by the flocculation reactor passes through the drain pipe and flows into the biofilter, and the biofilter treats the supernatant water and flocs from the supernatant water of the sedimentation tank and the flocculation reactor after precipitation The supernatant water from the collection device and the aquaculture water directly from the aquaculture pond are treated by a biological filter and then enter the blending pond to adjust the pH and water temperature before entering the aquaculture pond; the flocs are concentrated by the floc collection device and taken out, and can be directly fed to tilapia , Shrimp and other filter-feeding fish, or as a feed ingredient to make compound feed.
本发明的突出特点是将生物絮凝过程移出养殖池，通过移出式絮凝过程，避免了原位式生物絮凝水产养殖系统的瞬时缺氧和浑浊度过高问题，解决了循环水养殖系统中的固体颗粒物的处理问题，降低饲料成本，实现了循环水养殖系统的固体颗粒物的资源化，实现水产养殖用水的循环利用和水产养殖的污染零排放。The outstanding feature of the present invention is that the biological flocculation process is removed from the aquaculture pond. Through the removal-type flocculation process, the problems of instantaneous hypoxia and excessive turbidity in the in-situ biological flocculation aquaculture system are avoided, and the solid waste in the circulating aquaculture system is solved. The treatment of particulate matter reduces the cost of feed, realizes the recycling of solid particulate matter in the recirculating aquaculture system, realizes the recycling of aquaculture water and zero discharge of aquaculture pollution.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图表示的是循环水水产养殖系统的组成及其工艺流程图。What the accompanying drawing shows is the composition of the circulating water aquaculture system and its process flow chart.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明(参见附图)采用养殖池1、三个絮凝反应器5、6、7、生物过滤器15、沉淀池3、絮凝体收集装置10和调配池17，所述养殖池为浅锥形型玻璃钢养殖池，直径为6m、深度2m、容积为50m3，底部倾斜30度，池底中央设排污口通排污管2，养殖池配备充氧和控温设备；所述沉淀池长10m，宽2m，为平流式沉淀池，沉淀池与絮凝反应器连通处设可调节开关阀4，沉淀池底部设污泥泵，沉淀池内放置倾角为60°的斜板；所述絮凝反应器为3个并联式絮凝反应器，每个絮凝反应器为锥形桶，直径为5m，深度为6m，底部倾斜30度，底部、中间各设一圈微曝气管，使充气气泡小而均匀，絮凝反应器底部中央设一出口用以排出絮凝体，排出絮凝体经排出管9进入絮凝体收装置，絮凝反应器池壁设一出水管8用于排除表层水，絮凝反应器进水口位于池底，絮凝反应器底部与养殖池中间高度持平；絮凝体收集装置直径1m，深度6m，为圆锥形，底部出口设絮凝体排出管18，絮凝体收集装置的上清水通过水管12进入生物过滤器；所采用的生物过滤器为浸没式反应器，滤料采用贝壳和斜发沸石，按7∶3的比例组成，比表面积为450m2.m-3，每个生物过滤器装有2m3滤料；调配池设pH调节泵和温控设备。The present invention (referring to accompanying drawing) adopts
养殖池可充氧和控温，养殖池上层水通过水管13进入生物过滤器，养殖水及固体颗粒物由池底排污口经排污管进入沉淀池，沉淀池用可调节开关阀控制养殖水选择性地进入并联的絮凝反应器，第一个絮凝反应器达到水位后，进入下一个絮凝反应器；在进水后的絮凝反应器内加入碳源，进行生物絮凝过程，经6-8小时絮凝体形成后，沉淀2个小时，排出絮凝体，再进水，再反应，依次往复；絮凝反应器处理后的上清水经出水管8、集水管11和进入生物过滤器的水管14自流入生物过滤器，生物过滤器处理后的水经水泵水管16进入养殖池，生物过滤器处理来自于沉淀池上清水、沉淀后的絮凝反应器的上清水、絮凝体收集装置的上清水和养殖池直接出来的养殖用水，经生物过滤器处理后进入调配池调节pH和水温后进入养殖池；絮凝体经絮凝体收集装置浓缩后取出，可直接投喂罗非鱼、虾等滤食性鱼类，或作为饲料成分制作配合饲料。The aquaculture pond can be oxygenated and temperature controlled. The upper water in the aquaculture pond enters the biological filter through the
采用本系统养殖150-300kg鱼，温度控制在23-25℃。按照日投喂2-3％的饲料，则日投喂饲料3kg-9kg，投食完成半小时候后，打开底部排水，含有残饵和粪便的养殖用水经养殖池底部排污管由水泵进入沉淀池，通过污泥泵将经斜板沉淀后的固体颗粒物分别泵至三个并联的絮凝反应器。每个絮凝反应器反应时间为6-8个小时，VSS到500mg/L以上时，打开底部絮凝体排水口，进入絮凝体收集装置。水产养殖池表层水、斜板沉淀上清水、絮凝反应器上清水、和絮凝体收集装置上清水分别通过集水管进入生物过滤器，经处理后进入调配池进入养殖池，系统水循环一日12次，运行中系统中主要水质指标TAN＜3mg/L，NO2-N＜0.5mg/L，DO＞4mg/L，pH 7.0-7.5。Adopt this system to breed 150-300kg fish, and the temperature is controlled at 23-25°C. Feed 2-3% per day, then feed 3kg-9kg per day. After feeding for half an hour, open the bottom drainage, and the breeding water containing residual bait and feces enters the sedimentation tank through the sewage pipe at the bottom of the breeding tank. , through the sludge pump, the solid particles settled by the inclined plate are respectively pumped to three parallel flocculation reactors. The reaction time of each flocculation reactor is 6-8 hours. When the VSS reaches 500mg/L or more, open the bottom floc drainage port and enter the floc collection device. The surface water of the aquaculture pond, the supernatant water of the inclined plate sedimentation, the supernatant water of the flocculation reactor, and the supernatant water of the floc collection device respectively enter the biofilter through the water collection pipe, and enter the deployment pool after treatment and enter the aquaculture pond. The system water cycle is 12 times a day , The main water quality indicators in the running system are TAN<3mg/L, NO 2 -N<0.5mg/L, DO>4mg/L, pH 7.0-7.5.
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| CN103238537A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-14 | 上海金蟹水产科技有限公司 | Automatic system for aquaculture |
| CN103416344A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-12-04 | 津伦（天津）精密机械股份有限公司 | Factory-like fishpond water draining circulation purification and sewage discharging system |
| CN104743679A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Continuous-flow biological flocculation water treating reactor and method using the continuous-flow biological flocculation water treating reactor |
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