CN102321728A - Evaluation method for disinfection effect of disinfectant - Google Patents
Evaluation method for disinfection effect of disinfectant Download PDFInfo
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- CN102321728A CN102321728A CN201110157188A CN201110157188A CN102321728A CN 102321728 A CN102321728 A CN 102321728A CN 201110157188 A CN201110157188 A CN 201110157188A CN 201110157188 A CN201110157188 A CN 201110157188A CN 102321728 A CN102321728 A CN 102321728A
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Abstract
The invention provides an evaluation method for a disinfection effect of a disinfectant with a bacteria test sheet. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing and grouping samples to be tested; (2) disinfecting: uniformly mixing the samples to be tested and diluted disinfectant and disinfecting; (3) inoculating: inoculating the samples to be tested and the disinfected samples on a total bacterial colony number test sheet; (4) culturing: packaging the bacterial colony test sheet on which the samples are inoculated into a sealed bag and placing in a thermostat of 37 DEG C to culture for 24-48 hours; and (5) observing a result: counting the bacteria number on each test sheet and calculating sterilization rate of each disinfectant. The evaluation method for the disinfection effect of the disinfectant with the bacteria test sheet is simple and convenient, has high accuracy and is an effective method which can substitute the conventional agar plate sterilization rate evaluation method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sterilizing agent disinfectant Evaluation on effect method, be meant a kind of sterilizing agent disinfectant Evaluation on effect method that is applied to culture the place especially.
Background technology
Present sterilizing agent effect assessment can only be carried out under laboratory or particular environment; It is main through the inactivation ratio of virus and the sterilizing rate of bacterium are weighed; And virus will could be grown on fowl embryo or cell; Cultivation is had relatively high expectations, and the result is not easy to observe, so be an important indicator of evaluation sterilizing agent sterilisation effect to the killing action of bacterium.Sterilizing agent mainly is presented as the killing rate of bacterium to the killing action of bacterium or kills index.(1992) No. the 101st, (herding medicine) word of farming is according to notice at the sterilizing agent of China's registration; Its sterilisation effect carries out with reference to disinfectant for animals authenticate technology standard (trying), and sterilizing agent is to judge through the growth population of bacterium on agar plate to the agency part of bacterium in this standard.Agar plate method is as a kind of method of estimating sterilizing rate; Visual result, clear; But this method needs specific test conditions and professional operating skill, and a large amount of preparation work is arranged before the test, need carry out a large amount of cleanings after the off-test; Waste time and energy, also do not have the method for rapid and convenient evaluating testing sterilizing agent effect at present.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect.
Technical scheme
The evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect may further comprise the steps:
1) preparation of sample to be checked, grouping;
2) sterilization: the sterilizing agent after testing sample and the dilution mixes and sterilizes;
3) inoculation: testing sample and sterilization back sample are inoculated on the total number of bacterial colony testing plate;
4) cultivate: the bacterium colony testing plate that will connect sample is packed in the sealing bag, puts into 37 ℃ of incubators and cultivates 24-48h.
5) observations: add up the bacterial number on each testing plate, calculate the sterilizing rate of each sterilizing agent.Wherein, the step of the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect can be with reference to figure 1, i.e. the Evaluation of Disinfection method flow diagram
Preferably, sample to be checked of the present invention is from the air in the environment to be measured, water source, body surface.
Preferably, the sewage of sample to be checked of the present invention after from the air of plant, body surface, tap water, flushing.
Preferably, sample to be checked of the present invention is from the sample extraction method of body surface, for delimiting the body surface sample area; Dip in cotton swab and to get saline water and clean said sample area repeatedly; Together put into water together with cotton swab, fully after the concussion, promptly obtain sample to be checked.
Preferably, sterilization method of the present invention can be selected according to the kind of wanting testing sample, if detect air or body surface, then can select spraying disinfection; If to liquid sample, then adopting directly to contact with sterilizing agent, sterilizing agent carries out disinfection.
Preferably, sterilization method of the present invention is for more than the sterilization 5min.
The judgement criteria that is to provide a kind of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect of another syllabus of the present invention, promptly sterilizing agent disinfectant effect is with following formula evaluation:
Sterilizing rate during sterilizing agent t (Pt)=[(N
0-N
t)/N
0] * 100%, wherein N
0Be total viable count in the sample before sterilizing, N
tBe total viable count in the back sample of sterilizing;
Sterilizing agent is killed index (KI)=N to bacterium
0/ N
t, kill index and represent with 10 power;
When the sterilizing rate of sterilizing agent reaches more than 99.9% or bactericidal index (KI) reaches 10
3Expression sterilizing agent disinfectant effect is qualified.
Preferably, evaluation method of the present invention can be applied to estimate a kind of contrast of sterilisation effect or two kinds of sterilizing agent sterilisation effects of sterilizing agent.
By on can find out that sterilizing agent provided by the invention detects the Evaluation on effect method, solved the application problem of the context of detection of plant's sterilisation effect.Avoided using agar method to need specific test conditions and professional operating skill, promptly before the test a large amount of preparation work has been arranged, need carry out a large amount of cleanings after the off-test, wasted time and energy.
And the quick testing plate of bacterium that the present invention uses is simple and convenient having of sterilisation effect, quick and precisely.Entire operation does not need instrument experiment chamber instruments such as balance, pressure kettle, hot air drying oven, and the entire operation process does not need Strict aseptic, not be used in the Bechtop to carry out.Testing plate is promptly discardable after using, and does not need cleaning process.
Therefore; The present invention has overcome the technological prejudice that all the time in the Evaluation of Disinfection of plant's sterilizing agent, only can use the agar method check; Provided and used bacterium sterilization sheet to detect concrete steps and concrete judgement criteria, expanded the purposes of the quick testing plate of bacterium at the sterilisation effect of plant's sterilizing agent.The contriver is surprised to find that the quick testing plate of bacterium estimates in the sterilisation effect of sterilizing agent in plant in production practice, have unforeseeable effect, a kind of simple and effective ground is provided, has been fit to the method for production practice.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Evaluation of Disinfection method flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is a map before embodiment 1 sterilization;
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 LUTARALDEHYDE (0.78%v/v) sterilization back test picture group;
Fig. 4 is embodiment 1 LUTARALDEHYDE (0.078%v/v) sterilization back test picture group.
Embodiment
In the embodiment of the invention, sample to be checked is meant air, water source, the body surface in the environment to be measured.Sample in the plant comprises the direct drinking water of livestock and poultry in livestock and poultry house air, hopper/crib surface, the plant, the sewage after the flushing of animal house.
In order to set up standard compliant evaluation method, the Evaluation of Disinfection method of sterilizing agent of the present invention and traditional agar bacterium colony method have been advanced controlled trial.
The present invention is divided into 3-5 part according to the sterilizing agent number that will measure and concentration with sample to be checked, preferred 2 parts, carries out the sterilizing agent of different sorts and concentration and measures and the preceding controlled trial of sterilization.
Bacteria content is too high in the sample to be checked in one embodiment of the invention, surpasses more than the 600cfu/ml, and the contrast before the sterilization need be diluted to bacteria content through 10-10000 times of dilution method with sample to be checked and reach 10-600cfu/ml and measure.
In embodiments of the invention, divide into groups according to the sample that will detect, and sterilizing agent is diluted, select each sterilizing agent to recommend consumption usually.Recommended dose dilutes according to " veterinary drug instruction manual pharmaceutical chemicals volume " (version in 2005), except that recommended dose, selects the amount of 1 low concentration contrast lower concentration else and selects sterilizing agent to recommend 1/10 volume or 1/100 volume of consumption.
In embodiments of the invention, sterilization method can be selected according to the kind of the sample that will detect, if detect air or body surface, then can select spraying disinfection; Want sterilizing agent to the sterilisation effect of liquid sample like drinking-water, then adopting directly, adding back mixing carries out disinfection.More than the sterilization 5min is in order to guarantee that sterilizing agent and sample fully act on.
In embodiments of the invention; With on sample inoculation and the testing plate time; Liquid sample can be added on the testing plate by getting 1ml after the said process operation; Body surface needs after dipping in the cotton swab wiping of getting diluent, to dilute the back sampling by conventional dilution process, and the mensuration of air then needs with 1ml saline water or PBS liquid the substratum on the testing plate to be dissolved earlier, selects for use sedimentation method to accomplish.
In the present invention, the bacterium colony testing plate that relates to is meant commercial at present bacterium colony testing plate, like the total number of bacterial colony testing plate of selling on Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, German Bai Fa company and the home market.In embodiments of the invention; Used testing plate is the 6406 total number of bacterial colony testing plate that Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company produces, article No.: 70-2005-7215-7, and used agar is improvement Martin agar; Beijing extensive and profound in meaning star biotechnology Ltd, lot number: 20090515.In embodiments of the invention, present the colony count that to count, be convenient to add up the sterilizing rate of reality,, selected a low concentration of sterilizing agent to measure simultaneously carrying out the conventional amount used disinfectant simultaneously in order to make in sterilization back test card and the plate.
At sterilizing agent of the present invention is aldehydes, oxide-based, iodine class, quaternary ammonium salt.Aldehydes comprises formaldehyde, LUTARALDEHYDE and the preparation that contains above aldehydes; Oxide-based potassium permanganate, Peracetic Acid and the preparation that contains above material of comprising; The iodine class comprises the tincture of iodine, PVP-1 and the preparation that contains above material; Quaternary ammonium salt comprises Morpan BB, benzalkonium chloride and the preparation that contains above material.
The sterilizing agent effectiveness results is judged as in the embodiment of the invention:
Sterilizing rate during sterilizing agent t (Pt)=[(N
0-N
t)/N
0] * 100%, wherein N
0Be total viable count in the sample before sterilizing, N
tBe total viable count in the back sample of sterilizing.
Sterilizing agent is killed index (KI)=N to bacterium
0/ N
t, kill index and represent with 10 power.On-the-spot disinfectant bactericidal index reaches 10
3Or sterilizing rate to reach more than 99.9% the expression sterilization qualified.
With concrete embodiment the present invention is further specified below:
Embodiment 1 aldehyde disinfectant glutaraldehyde solution detects the sterilising effect on empty pig house surface
Sample: ground, national veterinary drug Engineering Technical Research Centre laboratory (pharmacological room).Sterilizing agent: 25% glutaraldehyde solution, the Long Huagongshijichang of Chengdu section, lot number: 20090224.Concrete operation method is following: get 25% glutaraldehyde solution 1.56ml, add the sterilization purified water to 50ml, preparation 0.78% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution uses sterile saline that its dilution is 100 times and obtains the glutaraldehyde solution that concentration is 0.0078% (v/v).Get 1 zone on testing laboratory ground, be divided into the lattice of 3 adjacent 5mm * 5mm, from left to right be labeled as blank group, 0.78% (v/v) LUTARALDEHYDE sterilization group, 0.0078% (v/v) LUTARALDEHYDE sterilization group successively with ruler.With cotton swab dip in get 10ml saline water and clean the control group grid repeatedly after, together put into water together with cotton swab, fully 1ml is drawn in the concussion back, adds on the bacterium colony testing plate as contrast before the sterilization.In the experimental group grid, spray into the glutaraldehyde solution of corresponding concentration with little watering can, be sprayed onto surface wettability, sterilization 10min is by the method inoculation experiments group identical with control group.Each testing plate is faced up, and it is tight to put into sealing bag envelope, places 37 ℃ of incubators to cultivate 48h, observations, and each group is got 100ul and is altered fine horse fourth agar plate and carry out the agar plate method contrast simultaneously.The result is referring to Figure of description 1-3.
Wherein, Fig. 2 is the preceding contrast of sterilization, and Fig. 3 is LUTARALDEHYDE (0.78%v/v) sterilization back test group, and Fig. 4 is a test group after LUTARALDEHYDE (0.78%v/v) sterilization.Visible by figure, of the present inventionly to test block-regulations (being called for short the test block-regulations) with bacterium and measure the sterilizing agent effect method, visual result is reliable, and statistics easily.After cultivating end, bacterial number of each group of record calculates sterilizing rate.Statistics is following:
Data calculated can be found out from table, can reach sterilisation effect behind 0.78% the glutaraldehyde solution surface spray sterilization 10min.That is,, use detection method of the present invention can obtain the detected result identical, explain that detection method of the present invention is the same with traditional method accurate with agar plate method for the detected object of body surfaces such as pig house, and faster convenience.
In addition, in the tradition, the quick testing plate method of testing of bacterium like plant, lacks the appropriate method of extracting sample for the place of environmental health complicated condition, has limited the quick testing plate of bacterium and in the sterilizing agent sterilisation effect, has used.Embodiment 1 has then provided the process for extracting that is fit to, and the evaluation that makes testing plate be applied to the sterilisation effect of plant becomes possibility.
Embodiment 2 quaternary ammonium disinfectant benzalkonium bromide solutions detect the sterilisation effect of pig house flushing sewage
Sample: the back sewage of national veterinary drug engineering center's experimental animal room pig house pig cage flushing.It is 5.96 * 10 that agar plate method is cultivated counting viable bacteria concentration
6/ ml, it is subsequent use to put into 4 ℃ of refrigerators.Sterilizing agent: Morpan BB content 45%, Chengdu industry development ltd of HTC of section, lot number: 0903060102.Concrete operation method is following: get the sterile saline that 45% benzalkonium bromide solution 1ml adds 9ml, be made into 4.5% solution, get 4.5% benzalkonium bromide solution 100ul and add saline water 4.4ml, obtain 0.1% benzalkonium bromide solution 4.5ml.Other gets 4.5% benzalkonium bromide solution 10ul, adds sterile saline 4.49ml, is made into 0.01% benzalkonium bromide solution 4.5ml.In above 2 concentration (0.1%, 0.01%) solution, adding bacterial count concentration respectively is 5.96 * 10
6/ ml sewage sample 0.5ml mixes, and leaves standstill 10min.Get above each concentration mixed solution 1ml behind the 10min, add the total number of bacterial colony testing plate, original bacteria liquid dilution 10
-5Doubly as control group before the sterilization.Anchor a tent simultaneously and support the agar contrast, experimental group and control group are got respectively in 1ml mixed solution and the plate, and the back adding is cooled to 60 ℃ nutrient agar medium and mixes, and treat to put into after it solidifies 37 ℃ of incubators and cultivate 48h.After cultivating end, bacterial number of each group of record calculates sterilizing rate.Statistics is following:
Data can find out that the Morpan BB of 0.01% concentration and 0.1% concentration all can reach sterilisation effect after directly acting on 10min from table.That is, the detected object for water sources such as pig house flushing sewage uses detection method of the present invention can obtain the detected result identical with agar plate method, explains that detection method of the present invention is the same with traditional method accurate, and faster convenience.
The quick testing plate method of testing of bacterium is for the place of environmental health complicated condition; Like plant; Lack a kind of sterilizing agent to extracting the method for sample in the sewage of plant; Embodiment 1 has then provided the extraction sewage method that is fit to, and the wastewater disinfection Evaluation on effect that makes testing plate be applied to plant becomes possibility.
Embodiment 3 peracetic acid disinfectant solution to the pig house sterilizing air after the detection of surface disinfection effect
Sample: the national project center Animal House empty pig house of not sweeping and sterilize.Sterilizing agent: Peracetic Acid, AR, content >=15%, the Yantai City is chemical industry ltd in pairs, lot number: 20090401.Concrete operation method is following:
Sampling before the sterilization: get swinery surface, 2 zones of metope and ground respectively, (diameter 5mm * 5mm), 2 grids are labeled as control group and experimental group respectively in the same zone to mark 2 close grids with ruler in each zone.Sample before the control group sterilization, dip in to get with cotton swab and together put into water together with cotton swab after 10ml saline water is cleaned 3 sampling points repeatedly.With A liquid mixes back room temperature held 48h with B liquid Peracetic Acid, dilute 0.1% concentration with pure water.Press every m with high-pressure spray gun
3The 20ml thimerosal carries out air-atomizing, and spraying finishes the airtight 60min in back and samples the same control group of the method for sampling.Control group and experimental group sample be placed on the whirlpool appearance mix, be added to the line number of going forward side by side on the testing plate respectively, same sample is done contrast with the agar plate coated plate, cultivates 48h in 37 ℃ of incubators, and observations is calculated sterilizing rate.
Data can be found out from last table, and the testing plate method records that the sterilizing rate to the pig house surface is 92.33% behind the 0.1% peracetic acid disinfectant 60min, and the agar plate contrast is 93.81%, does not all reach sterilisation effect.That is, the detected object for air such as pig house air uses detection method of the present invention can obtain the detected result identical with agar plate method, explains that detection method of the present invention is the same with traditional method accurate, and faster convenience.
The quick testing plate method of testing of bacterium is for the place of environmental health complicated condition; Like plant; Lack a kind of sterilizing agent to extracting the method for sample in the sewage of plant; Embodiment 1 has then provided the extraction air method that is fit to, and the evaluation that makes testing plate be applied to the air sterilization effect of plant becomes possibility.
Embodiment 4 iodine class sterilizing agent compound iodine solution surface sterilisation effects detect
Sample source: national veterinary drug Engineering Technical Research Centre Animal House band animal house ground.Sterilizing agent: compound iodine solution (visiing clean), Bayer (Sichuan) animal health article ltd, lot number: 2008101609.Concrete operation method is following:
Sampling before the sterilization: get 3 zones, testing laboratory ground, mark 2 close grids (diameter 5mm * 5mm), be labeled as control group and experimental group respectively with ruler.Sample before the control group sterilization, dip in to get with cotton swab and together put into water together with cotton swab after 10ml saline water is cleaned repeatedly.Compound iodine solution (visit clean) is diluted to 1% and 0.1% two concentration, dips in respectively with cotton swab and gets a certain amount of above-mentioned solution, on the bottle wall, drains redundant moisture, smear gently with the experimental group grid in, behind the 10min by with the same method cancellation poison of control group after sample.Control group and experimental group sample be placed on the whirlpool appearance mix, add testing plate respectively, same sample is done contrast with the agar plate coated plate, cultivates 48h in 37 ℃ of incubators, and observations is calculated sterilizing rate.
Data can be found out from table, and 1% compound iodine solution surface is embrocated the 10min sterilization and reached sterilisation effect.That is, the detected object for body surfaces such as animal house ground uses detection method of the present invention can obtain the detected result identical with agar plate method, explains that detection method of the present invention is the same with traditional method accurate, and faster convenience.
Embodiment 5 formaldehyde, potassium permanganate detect pig house fumigation sterilizing rate
Sample source: national project center Animal House has cleaned the empty pig house of not sterilizing, the about 75m of space size
3Sterilizing agent: potassium permanganate, AR, content: 99.5%, chemical reagent factory of Chongqing Chuan Dong chemical industry (group) ltd, lot number: 201005; Formaldehyde, AR, content: 37.0-40.0%, Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group, lot number: 090918.Concrete operation method is following:
Choose zone on the pig house swinery, mark 2 close grids (diameter 5mm * 5mm), be labeled as control group and experimental group respectively with ruler.Sample before the control group sterilization, dip in to get with cotton swab and together put into water together with cotton swab after 10ml saline water is cleaned repeatedly, concussion is back adding testing plate and agar plate evenly, cultivates 48h in 37 ℃ of incubators, total plate count before the calculating sterilization.By every m
315 gram potassium permanganate, the amount of 30ml formaldehyde is carried out fumigation, opens door and window behind the stifling airtight door and window 48h in back, presses the method cancellation poison back sample same with control group, inoculation, cultivation, observations is calculated sterilizing rate.
Data can be found out from table, and pig house potassium permanganate, formaldehyde fumigation sterilization 48h swinery surface have reached effective sterilisation effect.That is, the detected object for body surfaces such as pig house swinerys uses detection method of the present invention can obtain the detected result identical with agar plate method, explains that detection method of the present invention is the same with traditional method accurate, and faster convenience.
62 kinds of compound glutaraldehyde solution of embodiment are to the evaluation of the sterilization effect of hen house ground flushing sewage
Sewage sample: the recessed village of Mengjin County, Luoyang City Zhaoyang Town Yao ground, breeding layer chicken field sewage.Sterilizing agent: A, compound glutaraldehyde-benzalkonium bromide solution, the self-control of national veterinary drug technical engineering center, lot number: 20110411.B, TH4 sterilizing agent, French Su Jihua pharmaceutical factory, lot number: 20091230.Concrete operation method is following: the sterilizing agent preparation: of sterile saline above 2 kinds of sterilizing agents were made 1: 1600, and 1: 800,1: 400 times of dilution.Get each 4.5ml of thimerosal of above 3 concentration, put into the sterilization bottle, add sample 0.5ml, vortex mixed is even, and room temperature leaves standstill 10min, gets 1ml respectively and is inoculated in the bacterium colony testing plate, gets 1ml simultaneously and is inoculated in agar, contrasts.37 ℃ of incubators are cultivated 48h, observations.
Data can be found out from table, and during two kinds of methods were estimated, the sterilisation effect of sterilizing agent A was superior to sterilizing agent B.That is,, use detection method of the present invention can obtain the detected result identical, explain that detection method of the present invention is the same with traditional method accurate with agar plate method for the detected object of body surfaces such as pouity dwelling place, and faster convenience.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the evaluation method of a sterilizing agent sterilisation effect is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) preparation of sample to be checked, grouping;
2) sterilization: the sterilizing agent after testing sample and the dilution mixes and sterilizes;
3) inoculation: testing sample and sterilization back sample are inoculated on the total number of bacterial colony testing plate;
4) cultivate: the bacterium colony testing plate that will connect sample is packed in the sealing bag, puts into 37 ℃ of incubators and cultivates 24-48h;
5) observations: add up the bacterial number on each testing plate, calculate the sterilizing rate of each sterilizing agent.
2. the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that, sample to be checked is from the air in the environment to be measured, water source, body surface.
3. the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the sewage of sample to be checked after from the air of plant, body surface, tap water, flushing.
4. the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect according to claim 3; It is characterized in that sample to be checked is from the sample extraction method of body surface, for delimiting the body surface sample area; Dip in cotton swab and to get saline water and clean said sample area repeatedly; Together put into water together with cotton swab, fully after the concussion, promptly obtain sample to be checked.
5. the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that, sterilization method can be selected according to the kind of wanting testing sample, if detect air or body surface, then can select spraying disinfection; Adding back mixing carries out disinfection if sterilizing agent to liquid sample, then adopts directly.
6. the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect according to claim 5 is characterized in that, sterilization method is for more than the sterilization 5min.
7. the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that, sterilizing agent disinfectant effect is with following formula evaluation:
Sterilizing rate during sterilizing agent t (Pt)=[(N
0-N
t)/N
0] * 100%, wherein N
0Be total viable count in the sample before sterilizing, N
tBe total viable count in the back sample of sterilizing;
Sterilizing agent is killed index (KI)=N to bacterium
0/ N
t, kill index and represent with 10 power;
When the sterilizing rate of sterilizing agent reaches more than 99.9% or bactericidal index (KI) reaches 10
3Expression sterilizing agent disinfectant effect is qualified.
8. the evaluation method of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said sterilizing agent is the aldehydes preparation that comprises a kind of of formaldehyde, LUTARALDEHYDE or two kinds of mixtures; The oxide-based preparation that comprises a kind of of potassium permanganate, Peracetic Acid or two kinds of mixtures; The iodine class preparation that comprises a kind of of the tincture of iodine, PVP-1 or two kinds of mixtures; The quaternary ammonium salt preparation that comprises a kind of of Morpan BB, benzalkonium chloride or two kinds of mixtures.
9. sterilisation effect or two kinds of correlated purposes of sterilizing agent sterilisation effect that each said sterilizing agent Evaluation on effect method of claim 1-8 are applied to estimate a kind of sterilizing agent.
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| CN106234458B (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2018-09-28 | 裕龙农牧科技股份有限公司 | A kind of pig farm compound Chinese herb disinfectant |
| CN111996233A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-27 | 天津科技大学 | Microbe sampling method for facial skin surface based on metagenomics and application |
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