CN102306897A - Ultra narrow linewidth low noise high power single frequency fiber laser - Google Patents
Ultra narrow linewidth low noise high power single frequency fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN102306897A CN102306897A CN 201110241520 CN201110241520A CN102306897A CN 102306897 A CN102306897 A CN 102306897A CN 201110241520 CN201110241520 CN 201110241520 CN 201110241520 A CN201110241520 A CN 201110241520A CN 102306897 A CN102306897 A CN 102306897A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra narrow linewidth low noise high power single frequency fiber laser which comprises a single mode semiconductor laser pumped source, a polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexing device, a coupling output polarization maintaining fiber raster, a high reflection polarization maintaining fiber raster, a wave plate, a high gain fiber, a low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating, a dichroscope, a heat sink, a sealed air chamber and a fiber clamp and polarization maintaining fiber isolator. A common end of the polarization-maintaining wavelength division multiplexing device connects with the coupling output polarization maintaining fiber raster. The coupling output polarization maintaining fiber raster and the high reflection polarization maintaining fiber raster are etched on a same polarization maintaining fiber or respectively etched on two strips of polarization maintaining fibers with consistent fast and slow shaft directions in connection, the high reflection polarization maintaining fiber raster connects with the high gain fiber through the wave plate, the high gain fiber connects with the low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating, and the dichroscope in order. According to the invention, a folding composite chamber and a double virtual annular chamber are constructed in a short straight chamber structure, and a single frequency fiber laser with ultra narrow linewidth and polarization-maintaining output is generated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fiber laser, particularly relate to the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise, laser linewidth less than hundreds of Hz level, power output up to hundreds of mW magnitude.
Background technology
The ultra-low noise single-frequency laser is very narrow because of its spectral line width, and the laser coherence characteristic is advantage such as excellence extremely, in the smart leading-edge field of superelevation such as coherent optical communication, light atomic clock, gravitational wave detection, quantum secret communication wide application prospect is arranged.Improve the detection range or the precision of optical-fiber laser, need to use the laser of high coherence property, thereby require laser to have super-narrow line width, as the single-frequency optical-fiber laser that requires hundreds of Hz magnitude live width, mW level is as seed source.General quartzy doped fiber be difficult to be realized higher-wattage (> 100mW), the single-frequency laser output of super-narrow line width (< 200Hz).
Study the ultra-narrow wire single frequency optical-fiber laser at present; Adopt the highly doped silica fiber of rare earth ion as laser medium; Short straight F-P chamber or DBR cavity configuration; Generally can only export a few mW single-frequency lasers; Adopt the gain media of multicomponent glass optical fiber as single-frequency laser; Then can realize more than the power output 100mW; Live width is less than the single-frequency optical-fiber laser of 2 KHz; As the Yb codoped phosphate glass optical fiber that adopts 2cm to grow; Realized that power output is greater than 300 mW; Live width is less than 2 KHz; Wavelength is single-frequency optical-fiber laser [the Optics Express of 1.5 μ m; 2010,18 (2): 1249].2004; U.S. Alexandria university and NP photon company aspect the research of ultra-narrow wire single frequency optical-fiber laser application rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass single mode fiber laser [patent No.: US 6816514 B2] and two patents of high power narrow linewidth single frequency optical fiber laser [publication number: US 2004/0240508 A1], it is based on (30～80) P
2O
5-(5～30) L
2O
3(L
2O
3: Al
2O, B
2O
3, Y
2O
3, La
2O
3And their mixture)-(5～30) the rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fiber of this matrix of MO (MO:BaO, BeO, MgO, SrO, CaO, ZnO, PbO and their mixture), and the part cavity structure carried out claim.2008; South China Science & Engineering University aspect the research of ultra-narrow wire single frequency optical-fiber laser application the high-power single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser of a kind of low noise narrow linewidth [patent No.: 200810220661.X] patent, to its cavity structure and protect inclined to one side rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fiber and carried out claim.The narrow-line width single frequency optical fiber laser that above document and patent of invention provide, all there is effects of spatial in its gain fibre, and can only realize the live width output of kHz magnitude.Application of the present invention has proposed a kind of novel resonant cavity type structure; Solve the effects of spatial in the gain fibre through the polarization rotation technique; Fiber grating adds that completely reflecting mirror constitutes intraluminal filter and constitutes the folded form composite resonant cavity with a pair of polarization-maintaining fiber grating in front and back respectively; Help improving the life-span in the chamber of resonant cavity, thereby reach the purpose that reduces laser linewidth (reaching hundred Hz magnitudes).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art; A kind of super-narrow line width low noise high power single-frequency fiber laser is provided; The present invention makes up folding Compound Cavity and two virtual annular chamber in short straight cavity configuration, and can produce super-narrow line width (less than hundred Hz magnitudes) and protect the single-frequency optical-fiber laser of output partially.
Purpose of the present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of a kind of super-narrow line width low noise; Comprise single mode semiconductor laser pumping source; Protect the partial wave division multiplexer; Coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating; High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating; Wave plate; High-gain optical fiber; Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating; Dichroic mirror; Heat sink; Sealed air chamber and fiber clamp and polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator; Said single mode semiconductor laser pumping source is connected with the pumping input of protecting the partial wave division multiplexer; The common port of protecting the partial wave division multiplexer is connected with coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating; Said coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating all is scribed on same the polarization maintaining optical fibre with high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating or is scribed on two polarization maintaining optical fibres respectively and fast and slow axis direction unanimity when being connected; High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating is connected with high-gain optical fiber via wave plate; High-gain optical fiber again with low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating; Dichroic mirror connects in turn; Wherein, Coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating; High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating; Wave plate; High-gain optical fiber; Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating and dichroic mirror are formed the single-frequency laser resonant cavity jointly; And fixed sealing is contained in automatic temperature-adjusting control heat sink; Simultaneously on heat sink, encapsulate whole single-frequency laser resonant cavity with a sealed gas chamber; The tail optical fiber of whole single-frequency laser resonant cavity is fixed on the preceding end housing face of a sealed gas chamber by a fiber clamp; The single-frequency laser that the single-frequency laser resonant cavity produces is exported via a polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator via the signal end coupling output of protecting the partial wave division multiplexer again; The light emitting ionic of the fibre core doped with high concentration of said high-gain optical fiber, said light emitting ionic are one or more assembly in lanthanide ion, the transition metal ions, and said light emitting ionic doping content is greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3And in its fibre core even doping.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise, said high-gain optical fiber are common rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt single mode glass optical fibers or protect inclined to one side rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt single mode glass optical fiber.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise, its fibre core composition is a phosphate glass, consists of 70P
2O
5-8Al
2O
3-15BaO-4La
2O
3-3Nd
2O
3The unit length gain of high-gain optical fiber is greater than 1 dB/cm, and fiber lengths is 0.5～5cm.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise, said wave plate is quarter-wave plate or 3/4ths wave plates.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise, the fast axle or the slow axis of said high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating become 45 with the axis of wave plate
oAngle.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise; The fast axle of said coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating or slow axis foveal reflex wavelength are Wavelength matched with the slow axis or the fast axle foveal reflex of height reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating; The fast axle foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of i.e. coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating is positioned at the slow axis foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating, or the slow axis foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating is positioned at the fast axle foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise, the slow axis of said coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating or fast axle foveal reflex wavelength are laser output wavelength, and 3dB reflection spectrum width is less than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～90%; The fast axle or the slow axis foveal reflex wavelength of said high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating are laser output wavelength, and the 3dB reflectance spectrum is wider than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is greater than 90%; The foveal reflex wavelength of said low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating is a laser output wavelength, and 3dB reflection spectrum width is less than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～50%.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise; Said dichroic mirror is for directly plating film formation in a side end face of hanging down after reflecting narrow linewidth fiber grating grinding and polishing; Said film to laser signal wavelength reflectivity greater than 95%, to the pumping wavelength transmissivity greater than 90%.
The high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of above-mentioned a kind of super-narrow line width low noise, said lanthanide ion is Er
3+, Yb
3+, Tm
3+, Gd
3+, Tb
3+, Dy
3+, Ho
3+Or Lu
3+Said transition metal ions is Cu
2+, Co
2+, Cr
3+, Fe
2+Or Mn
2+
Said dichroic mirror is for plating film or for the direct side end face behind low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating grinding and polishing plates film at cavity mirror face, said film to laser signal wavelength reflectivity greater than 95%, to the pumping wavelength transmissivity greater than 90%.
Said coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating is connected with high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating; Can be on same polarization maintaining optical fibre, to inscribe these two kinds of gratings; Also can through fused fiber splice or through behind its corresponding fiber end face of grinding and polishing directly butt joint coupling and their fast and slow axis need align, the distance between two kinds of grating grid regions is less than 5cm.Said quarter-wave plate is that corresponding wavelength is to be laser output wavelength.Said high-gain fibre core diameter is 3～10 μ m, and cladding diameter is 60～800 μ m.
The present invention utilizes the highly doped and high gain characteristics of phosphate glass core material; Design and produce the phosphate glass monomode fiber as laser medium material; Adopt short straight cavity configuration; Utilize coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating; The frequency-selecting effect of low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating; Under the lasting pumping of pump light source; The linearly polarized light of the high reflection fast axle of polarization-maintaining fiber grating (or slow axis) reflection rotates to be right-circularly polarized light via quarter-wave plate and in the high-gain fiber core, obtains amplifying; Add behind the filter that total reflection chamber mirror forms after the filtering reflection through low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating; Become the right-circularly polarized light opposite with the former direction of propagation; Return in the high-gain fiber core and further amplified; At this moment; Circularly polarized light forms a virtual ring light path in the chamber; Become slow axis (or fast axle) linearly polarized light through quarter-wave plate then; Slow axis (or fast axle) at coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating obtains transmission output and partial reflection; Part transmittance output forms protects inclined to one side single-frequency laser; The linearly polarized light that another part reflects has experienced the polarization rotation the same with the linearly polarized light of the height reflection fast axle of polarization-maintaining fiber grating (or slow axis) reflection; The amplification of right-circularly polarized light; Filtering; Total reflection is reverse; The amplification once more of right-circularly polarized light; In the chamber, form another virtual ring light path equally; Polarization rotates to be the linearly polarized light of fast axle (or slow axis) more at last; Reflect the fast axle of polarization-maintaining fiber grating (or slow axis) secondary reflection again by height then; So formed a harmonic period that includes two virtual rings, can effectively solve in the high-gain optical fiber because the hole burning effect that the row waveguide causes.In addition; Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating has formed a resonant cavity again jointly with high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating, coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating in the chamber; Constituted straight chamber type Compound Cavity jointly with former resonant cavity; Thereby; Significantly strengthen the life-span of photon in the chamber, reached the purpose that reduces laser linewidth.Particularly; Both combined the unit length high gain characteristics of rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fiber, the narrow linewidth of utilizing the output polarization-maintaining fiber grating that is coupled to reach low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating to realize single longitudinal mode selection; The longitudinal mode that can utilize low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating and the ultrashort inner chamber that the total reflection dichroic mirror constitutes to select again overlaps with the longitudinal mode that exocoel is selected, and reaches meticulousr single-frequency and selects.The present invention is based on above-mentioned technical advantage, can realize the single-frequency laser output that super-narrow line width, low noise, high power, polarization keep.
Compared with prior art; Technique effect of the present invention is: the high-gain rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass single-mode fiber of centimetre magnitude is as the gain media of laser; The preceding Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of forming cavity resonator structure by coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating and high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating; Under the continuous pump in single mode semiconductor laser pumping source; Highly doped rare earth ion in the fibre core reverses; Produce the flashlight of stimulated emission; Utilize quarter-wave plate to being rotated and forming circularly polarized light by coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating and the linearly polarized light that high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating produces; Thereby formed a harmonic period that includes two virtual annular light paths; Can effectively solve the hole-burning effect that causes owing to the row waveguide in the high-gain optical fiber, thereby help improving the noise characteristic of single-frequency laser.In addition; Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating has formed a resonant cavity again jointly with high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating, coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating in the chamber; Constituted straight chamber type Compound Cavity jointly with former resonant cavity; The long increase in chamber can significantly improve the life-span of photon in the chamber; Reach the purpose that reduces laser linewidth, thereby guaranteed the realization of super-narrow line width (hundred Hz magnitudes) single-frequency laser.Particularly; Both combined the unit length high gain characteristics of rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fiber, the narrow linewidth of utilizing the output polarization-maintaining fiber grating that is coupled to reach low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating to realize single longitudinal mode selection; The longitudinal mode that can utilize low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating and the ultrashort inner chamber that the total reflection dichroic mirror constitutes to select again overlaps with the longitudinal mode that exocoel is selected; Reach meticulousr single-frequency and select, and be not easy to take place the mode hopping phenomenon.The present invention is based on above-mentioned technical advantage, can realize the technique effect of the single-frequency laser output of low noise, super-narrow line width, no mode hopping.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a single frequency optical fiber laser principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is quarter-wave plate main shaft and the high position view that reflects the polarization-maintaining fiber grating fast and slow axis;
Fig. 3 is a fiber grating reflectance spectrum design diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further description, need to prove that the scope of requirement protection of the present invention is not limited to the scope of embodiment statement.
As shown in Figure 1, super-narrow line width low noise high power single-frequency fiber laser comprise single mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1, protect partial wave division multiplexer (PM-WDM) 2, coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, quarter-wave plate 5, high-gain optical fiber 6, low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7, dichroic mirror 8, heat sink 9, sealed air chamber 10 and fiber clamp 11, polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator 12.Wherein, coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, quarter-wave plate 5, high-gain optical fiber 6, low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 and dichroic mirror 8 are formed single-frequency fiber laser cavity 13.Single mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1 is connected with the pumping input of protecting partial wave division multiplexer 2; The common port of protecting partial wave division multiplexer 2 is connected with coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3; Coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 is connected with height reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 again; Be connected with high-gain optical fiber 6 via quarter-wave plate 5; Be connected with dichroic mirror 8 with low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 again; The signal end of protecting partial wave division multiplexer 2 is connected with polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator 12; Single-frequency fiber laser cavity 13 be fixed on automatic temperature-adjusting control heat sink 9 in, should heat sinkly be encapsulated in the sealed air chamber 10 by fiber clamp 11 again.On arbitrary temperature value of heat sink 9 temperature operated by rotary motion in-30～70 ℃ of scopes, operated by rotary motion is at 25 ℃, and its control precision is less than 0.1 ℃, comes the tuning laser wavelength through controlling heat sink 9 temperature.High-gain optical fiber 6 is rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fiber, and the fibre core matrix components is a phosphate glass, and fibre core middle rare earth dopant ion is erbium, ytterbium or erbium and ytterbium codoping.
The high-gain optical fiber 6 of centimetre magnitude is as the gain media of laser; The preceding Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of forming cavity resonator structure by coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 and high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4; The reflectance spectrum of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) is positioned at the reflectance spectrum of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 fast axles (or slow axis), and the foveal reflex wavelength overlaps; Wherein, the 3dB reflection spectrum width of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) is less than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is 10-90%; The 3dB reflectance spectrum of the high reflection fast axle of polarization-maintaining fiber grating (or slow axis) is wider than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is greater than 90%.Pump light adopts single mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1 forward direction pump mode to be coupled in the fibre core of high-gain optical fiber 6 in the laser cavity by the pumping end input of protecting partial wave division multiplexer 2 and via coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, quarter-wave plate 5; The rare earth ion that pumping is highly doped; Population is reversed; Produce the flashlight of stimulated emission; Utilize 5 pairs of linearly polarized lights that produce by coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 and high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 of quarter-wave plate to be rotated and to form circularly polarized light; Add behind the wave filter that total reflection dichroic mirror 8 forms after the filtering reflection through low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7; Become the right-circularly polarized light opposite with the former direction of propagation; Return in high-gain optical fiber 6 fibre cores and further amplified; Thereby formed a harmonic period of forming by two virtual annular light paths; At last, the linearly polarized light of formation is via 3 outputs of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating.Wherein, coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 adopts welding or end face docking mode to be connected with high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, and their fast and slow axis must be aimed at; High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 adopts the closed butt joint mode to be connected with quarter-wave plate 5, the end face required grinding polishing of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, and its fast axle (or slow axis) direction must become 45 with the main shaft angle of quarter-wave plate 5
oThe angle, as shown in Figure 2; High-gain optical fiber 6 adopts welding or end surface grinding to polish docking mode with being connected of low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7; Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 is formed a functional module with longitudinal mode selection and filter action with dichroic mirror 8, and the mode of fiber end face grinding and polishing and chamber mirror closed butt joint is adopted in their connection.The centre wavelength reflectance spectrum of low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 is positioned at coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) reflectance spectrum, and the reflection spectrum width is less than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～50%; Dichroic mirror 8 is for plating film or for the direct side end face behind low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 grinding and polishings plates film at cavity mirror face, film to laser signal wavelength reflectivity greater than 95%, to the pumping wavelength transmissivity greater than 90%.Combine the unit length high gain characteristics of high-gain optical fiber 6, the narrow linewidth of utilizing the output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 that is coupled to reach low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 to realize single longitudinal mode selection again; While must be satisfied low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 and the ultrashort inner chamber that total reflection dichroic mirror 8 constitutes longitudinal mode of selecting and the condition that the longitudinal mode of exocoel selection overlaps again, realizes that more the high power laser light of narrow linewidth single-frequency is protected output partially.
Embodiment 1
High-gain optical fiber 6 is rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fibers; It is as the gain media of fiber laser; Length can be selected according to the reflection spectrum width of device laser output power size and coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, and this example is 1.0cm, is generally 0.5 ~ 10 cm and all can.The light emitting ionic of doped with high concentration is erbium and ytterbium in the fibre core of high-gain optical fiber 6, and the doping content of erbium, erbium/ytterbium rare earth ion is respectively 2.5 * 10
20Ions/cm
3, 5.0 * 10
20Ions/cm
3, generally be greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3Core diameter is 3～10 μ m, and this example is 6.0 μ m.The fibre core matrix components of high-gain optical fiber 6 is a phosphate glass, and it consists of: 70P
2O
5-8Al
2O
3-15BaO-4La
2O
3-3Nd
2O
3Rare earth ion is uniform high-concentration dopant in its fibre core.High-gain optical fiber 6 is to make prefabricated rods through boring method, rod-in-tube technique: earlier the cladding glass processed being become diameter is the glass bar of 30 mm, the circular hole that to get out a diameter in this center glass rod position again be 1.44mm, the inner surface of polished glass circular hole then; Secondly, it is the pole of 1.44mm that the glass of fiber core processed is become a diameter, and then polishes this pole outer surface; Once more, the glass of fiber core rod is inserted in the hole in the cladding glass rod, is assembled into a preform; At last, the preform that assembles is put in the fibre-optical drawing tower draws in the high temperature furnace, the rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fiber that finally draws out is high-gain optical fiber 6.
As shown in Figure 3; The foveal reflex wavelength of these routine coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) is laser output wavelength 1548.92 nm; Its wavelength can be selected in 1525～1650nm scope; 3dB reflection spectrum width is less than 0.15 nm; The centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～90%, and this routine centre wavelength reflectivity is 55%.The foveal reflex wavelength of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 fast axles (or slow axis) overlaps with the foveal reflex wavelength of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle); Also laser output wavelength 1548.92 nm in this example; The 3dB reflectance spectrum is wider than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is greater than 90%.Coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 reflects the preceding Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror that polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 is formed resonant cavity with height.The foveal reflex wavelength of low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 overlaps with the foveal reflex wavelength of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) equally; Also laser output wavelength 1548.92 nm in this example; The reflection spectrum width is less than 0.15 nm; The centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～50%, is 20% in this example.Dichroic mirror 8 is for plating film or directly plating film in a side end face of hanging down after reflecting narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 grinding and polishings at cavity mirror face; Its material is generally MgO; Film to the reflectivity of laser signal wavelength 1548.92 nm greater than 95%, to the transmissivity of pumping wavelength 980 nm greater than 90%.Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 is formed a functional module with longitudinal mode selection and filter action with dichroic mirror 8.Export polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast) reflection spectrum width, the long and low distance that reflects between narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 grid regions and the dichroic mirror 8 of adjusting in chamber of the whole laser cavity of control through the design coupling; Can realize having only unique single longitudinal mode laser output, and not have mode hopping and mode competition phenomenon.Before laser power was saturated, along with the continuous enhancing of pump power, laser linewidth will constantly narrow down, and can realize that at last the super-narrow line width of hundred Hz magnitudes is protected output partially.As long as selecting the foveal reflex wavelength of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) is design laser wave long value, then can realize the ultra-narrow wire single frequency optical-fiber laser of required wavelength.Wherein, coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 adopts welding or end face docking mode to be connected with high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, and their fast and slow axis must be aimed at; High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 adopts the closed butt joint mode to be connected with quarter-wave plate 5, the end face required grinding polishing of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, and its fast axle (or slow axis) direction must become 45 with the main shaft angle of quarter-wave plate 5
oThe angle, as shown in Figure 2; High-gain optical fiber 6 adopts welding or end surface grinding to polish docking mode with being connected of low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7; Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 need carry out grinding and polishing near an end face at 1～2mm place, grid region, so that low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 adopts the fiber end face grinding and polishing to be connected with chamber mirror closed butt joint mode with dichroic mirror 8.
Pump light adopts single mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1 forward direction pump mode to be coupled in the fibre core of high-gain optical fiber 6 in the laser cavity by the pumping end input of protecting partial wave division multiplexer 2 and via coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4, quarter-wave plate 5.Under the lasting pumping of pump light source; The rare earth ion that pumping is highly doped; Population is reversed; Produce the flashlight of stimulated emission; The linearly polarized light of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 fast axle (or slow axis) reflections rotates to be right-circularly polarized light via quarter-wave plate 5 and in high-gain optical fiber 6 fibre cores, obtains amplifying; Add behind the filter that total reflection dichroic mirror 8 forms after the filtering reflection through low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7; Become the right-circularly polarized light opposite with the former direction of propagation; Return in high-gain optical fiber 6 fibre cores and further amplified; At this moment; Circularly polarized light forms a virtual ring light path in the chamber; Become slow axis (or fast axle) linearly polarized light through quarter-wave plate 5 then; Slow axis (or fast axle) at coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 obtains transmission output and partial reflection; Part transmittance output forms protects inclined to one side single-frequency laser; The linearly polarized light that another part reflects has experienced the same polarization rotation of linearly polarized light with 4 fast axle (or slow axis) reflections of height reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating; The amplification of right-circularly polarized light; Filtering; Total reflection is reverse; The amplification once more of right-circularly polarized light; In the chamber, form another virtual ring light path equally; Polarization rotates to be the linearly polarized light of fast axle (or slow axis) more at last; Reflect polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 fast axles (or slow axis) secondary reflection again by height then, so formed a harmonic period that includes two virtual rings.At last; The linear polarization single-frequency laser that forms is via 3 outputs of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating; Be input to the front end of 1550nm polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator 12 once more via guarantor's partial wave division multiplexer 2 partial waves of 980/1550nm; And by polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator 12 isolate output behind reflection or the residual pump light stable, polarization optical-fiber laser that keep, single longitudinal mode; And the temperature of accurate control heat sink 9; Help further realizing the stability of optical maser wavelength, realized that finally output wavelength is super-narrow line width, the low noise single-frequency optical-fiber laser guarantor output partially of 1548.92 nm.
High-gain optical fiber 6 is rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass single-mode polarization maintaining fibers; It is as the gain media of fiber laser; Length can be selected according to the reflection spectrum width of device laser output power size and coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, and this example is 1.0cm, is generally 0.5 ~ 10 cm and all can.The light emitting ionic of the even doped with high concentration of high-gain optical fiber 6 fibre cores is ytterbiums, and the doping content of ytterbium ion is 7.5 * 10
20Ions/cm
3, generally be greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3The core diameter of high-gain optical fiber 6 is 8 μ m; Being generally 1～10 μ m all can; Adopt its polarization characteristic of panda ocular structure design; Two panda eye symmetry arrangement, size unanimity; With fibre core spacing from being 20～40 μ m, the panda eye is 16 μ m through size directly, general 10～20 μ m all can; Cladding diameter is 125 μ m, and general 125～400 μ m all can.The fibre core matrix components of high-gain optical fiber 6 is a phosphate glass, and it consists of: 70P
2O
5-8Al
2O
3-15BaO-4La
2O
3-3Nd
2O
3Because high-gain optical fiber 6 has polarization property; Thereby have higher extinction ratio, and insensitive to bending and twisting stress simultaneously, help eliminating noise and the frequency drift that the single-frequency optical-fiber laser causes because of ambient vibration; Thereby further improve the signal to noise ratio of laser, signal to noise ratio can reach 65 dB.High-gain optical fiber 6 is to make prefabricated rods through boring method, rod-in-tube technique: earlier the cladding glass processed being become diameter is the glass bar of 35 mm; Getting out a diameter in this center glass rod position again is the 2.24mm circular hole; The inner surface of polished glass circular hole then; And then straight on two on panda eye design attitude brill through being the circular hole of 4.48mm, polish the inner surface of two circular holes equally; Secondly, it is the pole of 2.24mm that the glass of fiber core processed is become a diameter, and then polishes this pole outer surface; Once more; Processed Cheng Zhijing is two poles of 4.48mm another kind of multicomponent glass material (its coefficient of expansion needs the coefficient of expansion greater than phosphate glass); Polish the outer surface of this two pole; Again the glass of fiber core rod is inserted in the centre bore in the cladding glass rod; Article two, pole glass pole is inserted into respectively in the panda eyelet in the cladding glass rod, is assembled into a preform; At last, the preform that assembles be put in the fibre-optical drawing tower draw in the high temperature furnace, finally draw out have protect bias can rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt glass monomode fiber, be high-gain optical fiber 6.
The foveal reflex wavelength of these routine coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) is laser output wavelength 1064.00 nm; Its wavelength can be selected in 1000～1120nm scope; 3dB reflection spectrum width is less than 0.10 nm; The centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～90%, and this routine centre wavelength reflectivity is 65%.The preceding Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 and total reflection dichroic mirror 8 composition resonant cavitys.The foveal reflex wavelength of low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 overlaps with the foveal reflex wavelength of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) equally; Also laser output wavelength 1064.00 nm in this example; The reflection spectrum width is less than 0.10 nm; The centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～50%, is 15% in this example.Dichroic mirror 8 is for plating film or directly plating film in a side end face of hanging down after reflecting narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 grinding and polishings at cavity mirror face; Its material is generally MgO; Film to the reflectivity of laser signal wavelength greater than 95%, to the transmissivity of pumping wavelength 976 nm greater than 90%.Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 is formed a functional module with longitudinal mode selection and filter action with dichroic mirror 8.Export polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast) reflection spectrum width, the long and low distance that reflects between narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 grid regions and the dichroic mirror 8 of adjusting in chamber of the whole laser cavity of control through the design coupling; Can realize having only unique single longitudinal mode laser output, and not have mode hopping and mode competition phenomenon.Before laser power was saturated, along with the continuous enhancing of pump power, laser linewidth will constantly narrow down, and can realize that at last the super-narrow line width of hundred Hz magnitudes is protected output partially.As long as selecting the foveal reflex wavelength of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 slow axis (or fast axle) is design laser wave long value, then can realize the ultra-narrow wire single frequency optical-fiber laser of required wavelength.Wherein, coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 adopts the closed butt joint mode to be connected with quarter-wave plate 5, the end face required grinding polishing of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, and its fast axle (or slow axis) direction must become 45 with the main shaft angle of quarter-wave plate 5
oThe angle, as shown in Figure 2; High-gain optical fiber 6 is aimed at the fast and slow axis of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3; High-gain optical fiber 6 adopts welding or end surface grinding to polish docking mode with being connected of low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7; Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 need carry out grinding and polishing near an end face at 1～2mm place, grid region, so that low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7 adopts the fiber end face grinding and polishing to be connected with chamber mirror closed butt joint mode with dichroic mirror 8.
Pump light adopts the single mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1 forward direction pump mode of 976nm to be coupled in the fibre core of high-gain optical fiber 6 in the laser cavity by the pumping end input of guarantor's partial wave division multiplexer 2 of 980/1064nm and via coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3, quarter-wave plate 5.Under the lasting pumping of pump light source; The rare earth ion that pumping is highly doped; Population is reversed; Produce the flashlight of stimulated emission; The linearly polarized light of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 fast axle (or slow axis) reflections rotates to be right-circularly polarized light via quarter-wave plate 5 and in high-gain optical fiber 6 fibre cores, obtains amplifying; Add behind the filter that total reflection dichroic mirror 8 forms after the filtering reflection through low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating 7; Become the right-circularly polarized light opposite with the former direction of propagation; Return in high-gain optical fiber 6 fibre cores and further amplified; At this moment; Circularly polarized light forms a virtual ring light path in the chamber; Become slow axis (or fast axle) linearly polarized light through quarter-wave plate 5 then; Slow axis (or fast axle) at coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 3 obtains transmission output and partial reflection; Part transmittance output forms protects inclined to one side single-frequency laser; The linearly polarized light that another part reflects has experienced the same polarization rotation of linearly polarized light with 4 fast axle (or slow axis) reflections of height reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating; The amplification of right-circularly polarized light; Filtering; Total reflection is reverse; The amplification once more of right-circularly polarized light; In the chamber, form another virtual ring light path equally; Polarization rotates to be the linearly polarized light of fast axle (or slow axis) more at last; Reflect polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 fast axles (or slow axis) secondary reflection again by height then, so formed a harmonic period that includes two virtual rings.At last; The linear polarization single-frequency laser that forms is via 3 outputs of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating; Be input to the front end of 1064nm polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator 12 once more via guarantor's partial wave division multiplexer 2 partial waves of 980/1064nm; And by polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator 12 isolate output behind reflection or the residual pump light stable, polarization optical-fiber laser that keep, single longitudinal mode; And the temperature of accurate control heat sink 9; Help further realizing the stability of optical maser wavelength, realized that finally output wavelength is super-narrow line width, the low noise single-frequency optical-fiber laser guarantor output partially of 1.06 μ m.
Claims (10)
1. high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise; It is characterized in that comprising single mode semiconductor laser pumping source (1); Protect partial wave division multiplexer (2); Coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3); High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4); Wave plate; High-gain optical fiber (6); Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating (7); Dichroic mirror (8); Heat sink (9); Sealed air chamber (10) and fiber clamp (11) and polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator (12); Said single mode semiconductor laser pumping source (1) is connected with the pumping input of protecting partial wave division multiplexer (2); The common port of protecting partial wave division multiplexer (2) is connected with coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3); Said coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3) all is scribed on same the polarization maintaining optical fibre with high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4) or is scribed on two polarization maintaining optical fibres respectively and fast and slow axis direction unanimity when being connected; High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4) is connected with high-gain optical fiber (6) via wave plate (5); High-gain optical fiber (6) again with low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating (7); Dichroic mirror (8) connects in turn; Wherein, Coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3); High reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4); Wave plate (5); High-gain optical fiber (6); Low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating (7) and dichroic mirror (8) are formed single-frequency laser resonant cavity (13) jointly; And fixed sealing is contained in heat sink (9) of automatic temperature-adjusting control; Go up with a sealed gas chamber (10) encapsulation whole single-frequency laser resonant cavity (13) in heat sink (9) simultaneously; The tail optical fiber of whole single-frequency laser resonant cavity (13) is fixed on the preceding end housing face of a sealed gas chamber (10) by a fiber clamp (11); The single-frequency laser that single-frequency laser resonant cavity (13) produces is exported via a polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator (12) via the signal end coupling output of protecting partial wave division multiplexer (2) again; The light emitting ionic of the fibre core doped with high concentration of said high-gain optical fiber (6), said light emitting ionic are one or more assembly in lanthanide ion, the transition metal ions, and said light emitting ionic doping content is greater than 1 * 10
19Ions/cm
3And in its fibre core even doping.
2. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said high-gain optical fiber (6) is common rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt single mode glass optical fiber or protects inclined to one side rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt single mode glass optical fiber.
3. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said high-gain optical fiber (6) is rare earth doping phosphoric acid salt single mode glass optical fiber, and its fibre core composition is a phosphate glass, consists of 70P
2O
5-8Al
2O
3-15BaO-4La
2O
3-3Nd
2O
3The unit length gain of high-gain optical fiber (6) is greater than 1 dB/cm, and fiber lengths is 0.5～5cm.
4. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said wave plate is quarter-wave plate or 3/4ths wave plates.
5. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1 is characterized in that said high-gain fibre core diameter is 3～10 μ m, and cladding diameter is 60～800 μ m.
6. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fast axle or the slow axis of said high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4) become 45 with the axis of wave plate (5)
oAngle.
7. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the fast axle of said coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3) or slow axis foveal reflex wavelength are Wavelength matched with the slow axis or the fast axle foveal reflex of height reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4); Promptly the fast axle foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3) is positioned at the slow axis foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4), or the slow axis foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3) is positioned at the fast axle foveal reflex wavelength reflectance spectrum of high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4).
8. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the slow axis of said coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (3) or fast axle foveal reflex wavelength are laser output wavelength; 3dB reflection spectrum width is less than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～90%; The fast axle or the slow axis foveal reflex wavelength of said high reflection polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4) are laser output wavelength, and the 3dB reflectance spectrum is wider than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is greater than 90%; The foveal reflex wavelength of said low reflection narrow linewidth fiber grating (7) is a laser output wavelength, and 3dB reflection spectrum width is less than 0.15 nm, and the centre wavelength reflectivity is 10～50%.
9. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said dichroic mirror (8) is for directly plating film formation in a side end face of hanging down after reflecting narrow linewidth fiber grating (7) grinding and polishing; Said film to laser signal wavelength reflectivity greater than 95%, to the pumping wavelength transmissivity greater than 90%.
10. the high-power single frequency optical fiber laser of super-narrow line width low noise according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said lanthanide ion is Er
3+, Yb
3+, Tm
3+, Gd
3+, Tb
3+, Dy
3+, Ho
3+Or Lu
3+Said transition metal ions is Cu
2+, Co
2+, Cr
3+, Fe
2+Or Mn
2+
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