CN102301880A - Method for culturing seedlings of ligusticum seeds on low-elevation protected area - Google Patents
Method for culturing seedlings of ligusticum seeds on low-elevation protected area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing seedlings of ligusticum seeds on a low-elevation protected area, which comprises the following steps of: A1, collecting seeds; A2, treating seeds; A3, determining an elevation of a seedling culturing area; A4, constructing facilities of the protected area; A5, sowing seeds; A6, managing; and A7, transplanting. The ligusticum seeds belong to dormant seeds, so the germination rate is only 10-20% even if the untreated seeds are sowed under the suitable conditions and the seedlings nearly cannot be germinated when the seeds are sowed in a large field. The method provided by the invention solves the problem that the germination rate of the ligusticum seeds is very low and is a basic guarantee for realizing a standardized culture of seedlings in a large scale; if the culture of seedlings is carried out in the source area, the seedlings can be germinated in April of the next year after the seeds are sowed because of higher elevation and low temperature, and the seedlings can be transplanted into the large field in autumn, namely the culture of seedlings needs one year. The method provided by the invention utilizes the higher temperature of the low elevation to culture the seedlings, so the seedlings can be germinated in the year of sowing the seeds and then the seedlings can be transplanted in April of the next year; and the method accelerates the process of culturing seedlings and reduces the cost for culturing seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The method of growing seedlings belongs to agricultural technology field with the present invention relates to the low height above sea level protection of a kind of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed.
Background technology
Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome is Umbelliferae (Umbelliferae) Ligusticum (Ligusticum.L) plant, is the conventional traditional Chinese medicine.2005 editions Pharmacopoeias of the People's Republic of China record Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome (Ligusticum sinensis) and Ligusticum jeholense (L.jeholense) two plant species under medicinal material " Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome " item; Be two plant species that are actually of medicinal material " Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome " by name; Wherein Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome (Ligusticum sinensis) mainly is distributed in Hubei, China south, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Henan, zhejiang and other places; Be the genunie medicinal materials in Sichuan; The areal concentration territory is in western Sichuan high mountain area, more than the height above sea level 2000m.(Wan Deguang, Sichuan genunie medicinal materials will).And Ligusticum jeholense (L.jeholense) is distributed in ground such as the Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong of northern China.
China has stipulated that traditional Chinese medicine must be as the criterion with the contained medicinal material of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.And in " pharmacopeia " clearly regulation traditional Chinese medicine Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome be two kinds of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizomes, promptly be that two plant species are with the same medicine that is weighed into.Therefore, the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome in the traditional Chinese medicine document possibly be Ligusticum jeholense or Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome, and mainly the latin name from document or the ground (or place of production) that distributes are distinguished to distinguish the two.The two in distributed areas, height above sea level, ecological habit, morphological feature, main component all have certain difference.
The indication Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome is Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome (L.sinensis) among the present invention, but not Ligusticum jeholense (L.jeholense).
The medicinal part of two kinds of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizomes is its dry root and rhizome, is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine material of large usage quantity, has the effect of antibacterial, dispersing wind and cold, damp-clearing pain-relieving.The traditional Chinese medical science is used to treat anemofrigid cold, top, mountain peak pain, and rheumatism podomere numbness pain, diseases such as cold-dampness stomachache also are the raw materials of multiple Chinese patent drug.Its main component of modern study has Ligustilide, forulic acid etc., has the effect of calmness, analgesia and anti-inflammatory.
Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome mainly is supplied in market with natural crude drugs, and more with Ligusticum jeholense.About about 30,000 tons of relevant department's generaI investigation nineties in 20th century statistics reserves, wherein four provinces and regions, northeast are about about 1.2 ten thousand tons.After getting into 21 century, reserves are decline year by year, and output is also descending year after year.According to incompletely statistics, national Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome output was about about 5000 tons in 2000, dropped to about 4000 tons in 2002～2003 years, reduced to about 3000 tons in 2004～2006 years again, reduced to about 2000 tons in 2007～2008 years.The Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome wild resource is exhausted, faces in imminent dangerly, and output reduces year after year, and insufficiency of supply-demand strengthens, and draws high price and rises on the way.
Learn that according to bibliographical information and the author's investigation there is certain Ligusticum jeholense cultivation in China as planting of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome medicinal material is main in Xinjiang region, Liaoning, and Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome is wild fully.
Artificial culture is to improve medicinal material quantity, improves medicinal material output, guaranteed quality, realizes the main path of resources, and artificial planting, a key content setting up the base are exactly that enough, authentic seed or seedling will be arranged.The present invention just is based on this and conducts a research.
Consult document and place of production investigation according to the author, at present relevant for the breeding of Ligusticum jeholense (L.jeholense) rhizome and two kinds of methods of land for growing field crops seed sowing, and Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome (L.sinensis) does not see the report of growing seedlings.
(1) Ligusticum jeholense rhizome breeding
Ligusticum jeholense rhizome breeding: adopts 1 year living plant all to dig direct plantation, it is medicinal that 2～3 years plant main roots give over to, and lateral rhizome is divided into 3～4 little strains, digs the cave then and plants (Yi Xiufeng, 2006).
Ligusticum jeholense mainly with rhizome as propagating materials, the rhizome size is with 5cm * 5cm * more than the 3cm, with the best that is treated to of 2 radical buds; The cuttage of joint dish is the important means that improves the Ligusticum jeholense reproduction coefficient, gets the stipes middle and lower part, have on the joint position a slice reach maturity blade material insert fringe as Ligusticum jeholense, its rootage duration is short, rooting rate is high, is the optimal material of Ligusticum jeholense cuttage.With the rhizome is propagating materials, and different planting densities are grown to Ligusticum jeholense and the influence of output is studied, and test shows: along with the increasing of planting density, the field prolongs annual breeding time; Planting density all has tangible influence to the fertility proterties such as plant height, leaf age, leaf area index and stem circularity of Ligusticum jeholense.Best planting density is 60cm * (25～30) cm, and its root yield traits is better, and the medicinal material proterties meets the pharmacopeia specified standard, but the yield per unit area performance is medium, and rational close planting within the specific limits is to improve output (in English, 2005).
Advantage: the rhizome breeding is easier to; Shortcoming: the rhizome breeding needs wide variety of materials, the seedling limited amount that provides, and long-term cultivation is degenerated easily.
(2) land for growing field crops seed sowing
Seeing that from document what relate to Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seminal propagation at present is Ligusticum jeholense, mainly is the direct field seeding of seed of Ligusticum jeholense.Major technique is: gather the summer and autumn ripe wild Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed or the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed of artificial planting, dry subsequent use.Spring late March to early April with small-sized machine or artificial water furrow planting, band 5kg diammonium phosphate during sowing, seed level 3～4cm, line-spacing 40cm is sowed in the ditch by every mu of 2.0～2.5kg seed, wants seeding down even during sowing, depth unanimity, earthing compacting.After planting will keep ground moistening, the profit of should watering on a small quantity when dry soil promotes seed germination to be unearthed.(Yi Xiufeng etc., 2006; King's congruence 2007).
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the method for the low height above sea level protection of a kind of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed is provided growing seedlings to the deficiency of prior art.
The method of growing seedlings in the low height above sea level protection of a kind of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed ground: A1, press the inflorescence maturation time when collecting seed and collect seed, with the early October-to late October be a large amount of maturation times of seed, be the picking time that suits; Adopt the seed on the main inflorescence earlier, the side inflorescence of approximately gathering after 3-5 days guarantees seed quality; Fruit is split up into ripe sign, but has a small amount of fruit harvesting standard to occur being split up into individual plant when gathering, and handles immediately after gathering, and thousand grain weigth requires: 12.5-13.8g;
A2, seed treatment: method for treating seeds: seed is mixed with matrix; Mixed proportion (volume ratio) is a seed: matrix=1: 3; Water supply in media remains on moistening; But can not pinch the webs water breakthrough for spending by hand; Place under the cryogenic conditions; Temperature requirement 4-6 ℃, the standard that can sow after treatment: the perusal embryo is grown fully, and germination rate is more than 70%;
A3, the ground height above sea level of growing seedlings are confirmed: the ground height above sea level 400～550m that grows seedlings, utilize the low higher advantage of height above sea level temperature, and the back seed treatment that realizes collecting seed, sowing then goes out the garden spring next year and transplants, and shortens one-year age;
A4, protection ground Facilities Construction:
Booth: wide 3.5～6.0m, long 25～30m;
Little shed: wide 1.3m, long 20～30m; Adopt bamboo chip as bow member, about sagitta 60cm, arch spacing 50cm; Seedbed of every canopy;
The seedbed specification: seedbed wide (internal diameter) 100cm, length is decided according to booth length, and bedside forms with brick, the dark 20cm of bed, each seedbed spacing 30～40cm;
Matrix: seedling medium is ecological organic fertilier+local garden mould; Method: garden mould is through sieving, and sieve goes big of soil block stone plant, adds 1-2kg ecological organic fertilier, seedling medium thickness 10cm by every square of seedlings growing area again;
A5, sowing:
Adopt through handling, reached the seed of sowing standard, carried out vernalization 2-3 days, treat that 30%-40% left and right sides seed breach can sow with 25 ℃ of incubator temperature controls; Sowing time: then December early and middle ten days;
Employing is broadcasted sowing, according to seed quality, by every square metre of sowing 10-15g seed (in dry seeds); Broadcast the back earthing, do not expose soil table degree of being with seed;
After planting convert 800 times in water with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, spray with watering can, it is evenly thoughtful that watering is wanted, and irrigates with matrix, and the surface is not exposed seed and is degree; Seedbed surface coverage mulch film after planting;
A6, management:
Water management: need not water before emerging, throw off mulch film when beginning to emerge; According to weather, water once about an about week later on, get into spring after temperature raise, watered once in 2-3 days, watering once should irrigate;
Temperature treatment: mainly rely on daylight to heat in the winter and the early spring, this phase is not opened the canopy film as far as possible except that watering, and makes temperature of shed remain on 15 ℃-25 ℃; 3 the end of month temperature raise gradually, temperature of shed increases thereupon, when temperature of shed surpasses 30 ℃, need open two ends canopy film or around the canopy film carry out aeration-cooling;
Diseases prevention: when seedling grows true leaf 1-2 leaf, convert 800 times in water, spray 3-4 time, 10 days at interval with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Note at ordinary times taking off the film ventilation dewetting, keep the dry disease that reduces of native surface drying to take place;
Fertilising: fertilizer sprays with solution state, applies with watering, and uses once at a distance from 10～15 days; Use kind and concentration (mass percent): urea 1%-3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%-0.5%, or commercially available high-efficiency foliage fertilizer use by explanation;
A7, go out the garden: seedling reaches height of seedling 8.0-12cm in April next year, 4-5 sheet true leaf, well developed root system, and stalwartness, no scab insect bite gets final product transplanting.
The Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed belongs to dormant seed, and undressed seed promptly is under suitable condition, to sow, and germination rate only for being 10%～20%, almost can not normally emerge by field seeding.The present invention will solve the very low problem of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed germination rate, is the basic guarantee that realizes the standardization scale breeding; (2) if grow seedlings in the original producton location, can be higher because of height above sea level, temperature is low, just can emerge after after planting will arriving April next year, just can be transplanted to the land for growing field crops autumn, and promptly growing seedlings needs one-year age.The present invention utilizes the higher temperature of low height above sea level to grow seedlings, and can realize sowing then, emerges then, and go out the garden April next year, has solved the process of growing seedlings of quickening, and reduces the problem of seedling cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment one
1, pressing the inflorescence maturation time collects seed
This part has two contents: the different collecting times of confirming seed on suitable seed maturity, the same inflorescence
(1) the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed maturity is in early October-mid-November, but comes off very soon after the maturation.Therefore, confirm that a large amount of seed maturity times are critical periods.Research shows, with the early October-to late October be a large amount of maturation times of seed, be suitable picking time.
(2) Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome is a universal umbel, and main inflorescence and side inflorescence flowering time on the same inflorescence are inconsistent, cause seed maturity different, thereby seed quality is variant.Observe for many years through the inventor, confirm that the master inflorescence should promptly adopt the seed on the main inflorescence earlier at the different time seed of gathering, the side inflorescence of approximately gathering after 3-5 days guarantees seed quality.
(3) harvesting standard: the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed is a diachenium, and ripe latter two fruit separately comes off then very soon.Therefore, fruit is split up into ripe sign, but has a small amount of fruit harvesting standard to occur being split up into individual plant when gathering, and handles immediately after gathering.Thousand grain weigth requires: 12.5-13.8g.
2, seed treatment
The Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed is a dormant seed, and research shows that undressed seed germination rate has only 10%～20%.Method for treating seeds: seed is mixed with matrix (river sand or humus soil), and mixed proportion (volume ratio) is a seed: husky=1: 3, water supply in media remains on moistening, but can not pinch the webs water breakthrough for spending by hand.Place under the cryogenic conditions temperature requirement 4-6 ℃.The standard that can sow after treatment: the perusal embryo is grown fully, and germination rate is more than 70%.
3, the ground height above sea level of growing seedlings is confirmed
The Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome original producton location is many at height above sea level 2000～3000m, and weather is cold.Inventor's research shows that if grow seedlings in the locality, can only after March spring next year, sow, emerge autumn.Through research for many years, the ground height above sea level of growing seedlings with 400～550m for well.Utilize the low higher advantage of height above sea level temperature, the back seed treatment that realizes collecting seed, sowing then goes out the garden spring next year and transplants, and shortens one-year age.
4, protection ground Facilities Construction
Key facility has plastic tunnel (greenhouse by solar heat) or little shed, matrix, seedbed.
Booth: wide 3.5～6.0m, long 25～30m.Available steelframe booth and bamboo-wood structure booth.But booth base area potential condition design 2 or 4 seedbeds.
Little shed: wide 1.3m, long 20～30m.Adopt bamboo chip as bow member, about sagitta 60cm, arch spacing 50cm.Seedbed of every canopy.
Must the designing and arranging ditch between the canopy.
The seedbed specification: seedbed wide (internal diameter) 100cm, length is decided according to booth length, and bedside forms with brick, the dark 20cm of bed, each seedbed spacing 30～40cm.
Matrix: seedling medium is ecological organic fertilier+local garden mould.Method: garden mould is through sieving, and sieve goes big of soil block stone plant, adds 1-2kg ecological organic fertilier, seedling medium thickness 10cm by every square of seedlings growing area again.
Ecological organic fertilier should pass through harmless treatment from organic fertilizer production producer, and this method should not adopt the farmyard manure of own stack retting, takes place to reduce disease.
5, sowing
Adopt through handling, reached the seed of sowing standard, carried out vernalization 2-3 days, treat that 30%-40% left and right sides seed breach can sow with 25 ℃ of incubator temperature controls.Sowing time: then December early and middle ten days.
Employing is broadcasted sowing, according to seed quality, by every square metre of sowing 10-15g seed (in dry seeds).Broadcast the back earthing, do not expose soil table degree of being with seed.
After planting convert 800 times in water with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, spray with watering can, it is evenly thoughtful that watering is wanted, and irrigates with matrix, and the surface is not exposed seed and is degree.
Seedbed surface coverage mulch film after planting.
6, management
The management main points are light, temperature, water coordination, and the control disease takes place.
Water management: emerge and need not water as last, throw off mulch film when beginning to emerge.According to weather, water once about an about week later on, get into spring after temperature raise, watered once in 2-3 days, watering once should irrigate.The very few growth of seedling that all can cause of excess moisture is bad.
Temperature treatment: mainly rely on daylight to heat in the winter and the early spring, this phase is not opened the canopy film as far as possible except that watering, and makes temperature of shed remain on 15 ℃-25 ℃.3 the end of month temperature raise gradually, temperature of shed increases thereupon, when temperature of shed surpasses 30 ℃, need open two ends canopy film or around the canopy film carry out aeration-cooling.
Diseases prevention: when seedling grows true leaf 1-2 leaf, convert 800 times in water, spray 3-4 time, 10 days at interval with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder.Note at ordinary times taking off the film ventilation dewetting, keep the dry disease that reduces of native surface drying to take place.
Fertilising: fertilizer sprays with solution state, applies with watering, and uses once at a distance from 10～15 days.Use kind and concentration (mass percent): urea 1%-3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%-0.5%, or commercially available high-efficiency foliage fertilizer use by explanation.
7, go out the garden
Seedling reaches height of seedling 8.0-12cm in April next year, 4-5 sheet true leaf, well developed root system, and stalwartness, no scab insect bite gets final product transplanting.
From 2007-2011, through testing with multiple spot for many years, the result shows:
(1) this method has changed the seed sowing in the field that Ligusticum jeholense adopts, and the phenomenon that emergence rate is low greatly improved reproduction coefficient, and the seedling early growth of cultivation is neat, and stalwartness realizes standardization, becomes possibility thereby the large-scale artificial of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome is planted.Because the prerequisite of large-scale production is to guarantee a large amount of seed seedlings.
(2) grow seedlings because winter temperature is low in the original producton location with protecting equally, can only go out the garden in autumn next year.The low higher relatively temperature of height above sea level of this method utilization is grown seedlings, and is implemented in spring next year seedling and goes out the garden, goes out growth season (promptly being equivalent to 1 year) of garden in advance in the original producton location.
(3) the seed dormancy technology is broken in employing, makes germination rate reach 70%, improves 50% before being untreated.
Embodiment two
Test objective: explore suitable method for treating seeds and seedling-cultivating method, reach the effect that improves the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed seedling-raising.
1.1 materials and methods
Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed source: Bai La stockaded village, Mao County, Aba state.
1.1 content of the test:
(1) the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed gathers
(2) processing of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed research
(3) the difference influence of height above sea level of growing seedlings to emerging
(4) influence of different seedling-cultivating method to emerging
1.2 test method
1.2.1 gathering of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed
The inflorescence of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome is a universal umbel, is divided into main inflorescence and side inflorescence, and their flowering time has certain difference, and also there is certain difference the seed maturity time.Design in the fructescence, is observed, and record fruit color and maturity are divided into disposable gather and the form of fruit development is gathered the fruit morphology index in batches: light brown, brown; Cracking of fruit becomes diachenium.
1.2.2 Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed treatment research
Pre-stage test: directly carry out sprouting test after the seed of gathering dried in the shade, per 50 is one group, repeats 5 times, and 25 ℃ of temperature controls germination 15-20 days, have determined whether hibernation feature.
Method for treating seeds: seed is mixed with matrix (river sand or humus soil), and mixed proportion (volume ratio) is a seed: husky=1: 3, water supply in media remains on moistening, but can not pinch the webs water breakthrough for spending by hand.Place under the cryogenic conditions 5 ℃ of temperature requirements.Preserve moisture, whenever observed the embryonic development situation at a distance from 10 days.
The Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed that will pass through the river sand lamination carries out sprouting test by the method for pre-stage test, to determine whether breaking dormancy.
1.2.3 the different influences of place of growing seedlings to emerging
Purpose: confirm that two kinds of height above sea levels are to emerging and going out the influence of garden time.
With the seed of handling through lamination, respectively in Mao County, Aba state and river oil sowing with sprouting ability.The Mao County is the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome original producton location, a height above sea level 1500m that grows seedlings, and winter climate is cold, and local crops generally want emerge late April-May, Jiangyou City height above sea level 550m, winter climate is gentle, and general crops emerged in the 2-3 month.Grow seedlings with the little shed of plastics.
1.2.4 the influence of different seedling-cultivating method to emerging
Purpose: clear and definite open country is grown seedlings and is grown seedlings to the influence of emerging with protecting.
Carry out in Jiangyou City Fang Shui village, it is no any covering behind the planting seed that open country is grown seedlings, the protection little shed of the plastics of having grown seedlings and plastic tunnel.
Protection ground design: booth: wide 3.5～6.0m, long 25～30m.Available steelframe booth and bamboo-wood structure booth.But booth base area potential condition design 2 or 4 seedbeds.
Little shed: wide 1.3m, long 20～30m.Adopt bamboo chip as bow member, about sagitta 60cm, arch spacing 50cm.Seedbed of every canopy.
Must the designing and arranging ditch between the canopy.
The seedbed specification: seedbed wide (internal diameter) 100cm, length is decided according to booth length, and bedside forms with brick, the dark 20cm of bed, each seedbed spacing 30～40cm.
Matrix: seedling medium is ecological organic fertilier+local garden mould.Method: garden mould is through sieving, and sieve goes big of soil block stone plant, adds 1-2kg ecological organic fertilier, seedling medium thickness 10cm by every square of seedlings growing area again.
2 result of the tests
2.1 gathering of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed
2.1.1 the maturing stage of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed
Carried out the maturation of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed from 2008-2010 and observe, the result shows: Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome pericarp and seed are ined succession together, and fruit is a seed.The a large amount of seed maturities of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome are in September-late November, and when September, there is the plant that is blooming in same plot, and even the plant that the fruit that main inflorescence also arranged is ripe to November, can see that still indivedual inflorescences bloom.Illustrate that Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome has long characteristics of florescence.But a large amount of ripe periods are in early October-mid-November.Change color: green during prematurity, become light brown when closely ripe until brown, dark brown.When fruit color deepens gradually, two continuous fruits separately, the base portion carpopodium links to each other, and hangs on the fruitlet preface axle, becomes " diachenium ".After fruit separately becomes two mitogenetic fruits, come off very soon.Therefore, the suitable picking time of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed is in early October-mid-November.This moment, the seed color brown was full.
Harvesting standard: the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed is a diachenium, and ripe latter two fruit separately comes off then very soon.This moment, color was by the light brown brown that becomes.Therefore, brown and fruit are split up into ripe sign, but have a small amount of fruit harvesting standard to occur being split up into individual plant when colony gathers, and handle immediately after gathering.Thousand grain weigth: 12.5-13.8g.
2.1.2 the maturing stage of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome fruit different parts
Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome is a universal umbel, a main rhachis, plurality of side inflorescence on it, on the side rhachis fruit grown.Main inflorescence and side inflorescence flowering time on the same inflorescence are inconsistent, cause seed maturity different, thereby seed quality are variant.Observed result shows for many years: see that the fructescence on the main inflorescence, homonymy inflorescence position was slightly different early than side inflorescence 3-7 days from change color and the time that forms diachenium.Therefore, in same strain, should adopt main inflorescence earlier, after adopt the side inflorescence.About 3-5 days blanking time, can guarantee seed quality.
2.2 the processing of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed research
Since 2008 to 2010, continuous 3 years, will carry out sprouting test every year without the seed of any processing.The result shows: dry in the shade after gathering, do not pass through the average germination rate 11.83% of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed of any processing, luffing is between 5.3-19.8%.Illustrate that the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed is a dormant seed.
Each time Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed germination rate
Illustrate: dry in the shade behind the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed collection, do not carry out any processing.
Simultaneously, carry out the seed anatomic observation, the result shows that the most embryonic development of undressed Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed is incomplete, and embryo length has only the 1/5-1/4 of seed length, does not possess germinating capacity (embryo length must could be sprouted near seed length).Therefore, embryonic development is not the low main cause of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed germination rate entirely.
The Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed that the process river sand mixes is under 5 ℃, and the embryo of seed germinates and grows up, and about 60 days, the embryo of 80% above seed can both cover with seed inside.Sprouting test is the result show, the seed that has only embryo to cover with seeds chamber could be sprouted, and germination rate is at 60%-85%.The highest germination rate reaches 90%.Observe also and find, also have the part seed not see that embryo is arranged, this type seed can not be sprouted.
Conclusion:
(1) the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed belongs to dormant seed;
(2) embryo hypoplasia is the main cause of dormancy;
(3) the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed that mixes through river sand is under 5 ℃, but through 60 days breaking dormancies.
2.3 the different influences of height above sea level of growing seedlings to emerging
The Mao County is positioned at Qinghai-Tibet southeast edge, belongs to the plateau landforms, is the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome original producton location, whole county height above sea level between 1000-4000m, the Bai La stockaded village village, Song Pinggou town, ground of growing seedlings, height above sea level 1500m, winter is cold, arrive late spring.Jiangyou City is low mountains and hills, the Fang Shui village, the local region of rivers and lakes of growing seedlings, and height above sea level 550m, the beginning of spring is early.The general every rising 100m of height above sea level, temperature descends 0.6 ℃, and a Mao County temperature of growing seedlings is grown seedlings than river oil and a little is hanged down about 6 ℃.
All adopt little shed to grow seedlings in two places, identical time sowing, but spring, seedling-growing time differed 2 wheat harvesting periods, and Mao County Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seedling-growing time prolongs.Emerge the back in low height above sea level rise soon, and growth of seedling is rapid, can go out the garden in about more than 40 days.And height above sea level 1500m is local in the Mao County, and heat up slow spring, and seedling emerges slowly, and growing-season temperature is on the low side, and the garden is taken 60 days from emerging to going out.Therefore, went out the garden in advance 20 days at the low height above sea level higher height above sea level of growing seedlings.Low height above sea level is grown seedlings and can be planted in spring, gather in the crops autumn then, and the seedling-growing time that high height above sea level is grown seedlings is in July, on the occasion of summer high temperature; Heavy rain is frequent, and transplanting survival rate is low, therefore, even reach the standard of emerging; Can not transplant, arrive autumn and transplant, next year could gather in the crops, and prolongs one-year age.
The Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome different altitude height is to seedling-growing time and go out the garden time
| The place | Height above sea level (m) | Sowing time | Seedling-growing time | Go out the garden time |
| Bai La stockaded village village, Song Pinggou township, Mao County | ?1500 | December 8 | The late April-the first tenday period of a month in May | 2010.7. on |
| Fang Shui village, the region of rivers and lakes, Jiangyou City side | ?550 | December 12 | Late Febuary | 2010.4. in |
2.4 the influence of different seedling-cultivating method to emerging
Adopt the little shed of plastics in Jiangyou City Fang Shui village, plastic tunnel is grown seedlings with protecting, and growing seedlings with open country is contrast.The result shows, under the protection that plastic film is arranged, no matter is little shed or booth, because plastic film has and heats effect and moisture-keeping functions significantly, emerges spring early, and it is fast to emerge, and the seedling regularity is good, and emergence rate 70%-80% can reach seedling and go out the garden standard.And open country is grown seedlings, owing to lack protection, soil water evaporation is fast, and it is big to be affected by the external environment, and emerges late, and the seeding stage prolongs, and nursery stage is long, and growth of seedling is uneven, and is of poor quality.
This shows; Adopt the little shed and the booth of plastic film all to have the effect that heats good early spring; Promote seed germination and emerge fast; Shorten seedling raise period; And because the protection of film; Can reduce the harmful effect of external environment to growth of seedling, like hazard weathers such as hail, cold in the late spring, favourable assurance growth of seedlings and quality.
Different seedling raising mannerses are to the influence of Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed seedling growth
| Seedling raising manners | Seedling-growing time | Go out the garden time | Breeding time (my god) | Outplanting rate (%) | The seedling regularity |
| Little shed | Late Febuary | Mid-April | 50 | 83.6 | Neatly |
| Booth | Late Febuary | Mid-April | 50 | 86.7 | Neatly |
| Open country | Early March-last ten-days period | Mid or late May | 60-70 | 70.5 | Irregular |
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the low height above sea level protection of the Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome seed ground method of growing seedlings is characterized in that: A1, press the inflorescence maturation time when collecting seed and collect seed, with the early October-to late October be a large amount of maturation times of seed, be the picking time that suits; Adopt the seed on the main inflorescence earlier, the side inflorescence of approximately gathering after 3-5 days guarantees seed quality; Fruit is split up into ripe sign, but has a small amount of fruit harvesting standard to occur being split up into individual plant when gathering, and handles immediately after gathering, and thousand grain weigth requires: 12.5-13.8g;
A2, seed treatment: method for treating seeds: seed is mixed with matrix, and mixed proportion (volume ratio) is a seed:
Matrix=1: 3, water supply in media remains on moistening, but can not pinch the webs water breakthrough for spending by hand
,Place under the cryogenic conditions, temperature requirement 4-6 ℃, the standard that can sow after treatment: the perusal embryo is grown fully, and germination rate is more than 70%;
A3, the ground height above sea level of growing seedlings are confirmed: the ground height above sea level 400～550m that grows seedlings, utilize the low higher advantage of height above sea level temperature, and the back seed treatment that realizes collecting seed, sowing then goes out the garden spring next year and transplants, and shortens one-year age;
A4, protection ground Facilities Construction:
Booth: wide 3.5～6.0m, long 25～30m;
Little shed: wide 1.3m, long 20～30m; Adopt bamboo chip as bow member, about sagitta 60cm, arch spacing 50cm; Seedbed of every canopy;
The seedbed specification: seedbed wide (internal diameter) 100cm, length is decided according to booth length, and bedside forms with brick, the dark 20cm of bed, each seedbed spacing 30～40cm;
Matrix: seedling medium is ecological organic fertilier+local garden mould; Method: garden mould is through sieving, and sieve goes big of soil block stone plant, adds 1-2kg ecological organic fertilier, seedling medium thickness 10cm by every square of seedlings growing area again;
A5, sowing
Adopt through handling, reached the seed of sowing standard, carried out vernalization 2-3 days, treat that 30%-40% left and right sides seed breach can sow with 25 ℃ of incubator temperature controls; Sowing time: then December early and middle ten days;
Employing is broadcasted sowing, according to seed quality, by every square metre of sowing 10-15g seed (in dry seeds); Broadcast the back earthing, do not expose soil table degree of being with seed;
After planting convert 800 times in water with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, spray with watering can, it is evenly thoughtful that watering is wanted, and irrigates with matrix, and the surface is not exposed seed and is degree; Seedbed surface coverage mulch film after planting;
A6, management:
Water management: need not water before emerging, throw off mulch film when beginning to emerge; According to weather, water once about an about week later on, get into spring after temperature raise, watered once in 2-3 days, watering once should irrigate;
Temperature treatment: mainly rely on daylight to heat in the winter and the early spring, this phase is not opened the canopy film as far as possible except that watering, and makes temperature of shed remain on 15 ℃-25 ℃; 3 the end of month temperature raise gradually, temperature of shed increases thereupon, when temperature of shed surpasses 30 ℃, need open two ends canopy film or around the canopy film carry out aeration-cooling;
Diseases prevention: when seedling grows true leaf 1-2 leaf, convert 800 times in water, spray 3-4 time, 10 days at interval with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Note at ordinary times taking off the film ventilation dewetting, keep the dry disease that reduces of native surface drying to take place;
Fertilising: fertilizer sprays with solution state, applies with watering, and uses once at a distance from 10～15 days; Use kind and concentration (mass percent): urea 1%-3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%-0.5%, or commercially available high-efficiency foliage fertilizer use by explanation;
A7, go out the garden: seedling reaches height of seedling 8.0-12cm in April next year, 4-5 sheet true leaf, well developed root system, and stalwartness, no scab insect bite gets final product transplanting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105145054A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-16 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Red bud Hemiboea seed spring and nursing method |
| CN105830797A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-10 | 郎溪县宏业粮油种植家庭农场 | Seedling culture soil of rice having brain strengthening and refreshing effects and preparation method of seedling culture soil |
| CN106961977A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-21 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla low altitude area nursery High aititude implantation methods |
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| > 20070831 王全 藁本的开发利用前景及人工栽培技术 第96页 1 , 第8期 * |
| > 20080930 吴伟 藁本的特征特性及栽培技术 第53页 1 , 第9期 * |
| > 20090630 池宏伟 野生藁本旱地栽培技术 第87页 1 , 第6期 * |
| > 20090930 姚文飞 野生藁本的生物学特性和高产栽培技术 第42-43页 1 , 第9期 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105145054A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-16 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Red bud Hemiboea seed spring and nursing method |
| CN105830797A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-10 | 郎溪县宏业粮油种植家庭农场 | Seedling culture soil of rice having brain strengthening and refreshing effects and preparation method of seedling culture soil |
| CN106961977A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-21 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla low altitude area nursery High aititude implantation methods |
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