CN102278098B - Method for realizing accurate oriented perforating by cable transmission - Google Patents
Method for realizing accurate oriented perforating by cable transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN102278098B CN102278098B CN 201110232021 CN201110232021A CN102278098B CN 102278098 B CN102278098 B CN 102278098B CN 201110232021 CN201110232021 CN 201110232021 CN 201110232021 A CN201110232021 A CN 201110232021A CN 102278098 B CN102278098 B CN 102278098B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for realizing accurate oriented perforating by cable transmission, and is applied to the orientation perforating of a casing pipe well of an oil field during well completion. The method comprises the following steps of: sinking a positioning device and setting; sinking a gyro inclinometer, and measuring the accurate orientation of a guiding key on the upper part in the positioning device; sinking a perforating gun, orienting accurately, and perforating; and lifting the positioning device and the perforating gun to realize accurate oriented perforating construction by the cable transmission. The method has the advantages that: the oriented perforating of a well of which the maximum well oblique angle of the whole well exceeds 15 degrees and a well oblique angle of a perforating section is less than 30 degrees is realized; the period of perforating construction is reduced to 8 hours from 30 hours for the oriented perforating by oil pipe transmission, and the construction efficiency is improved; and the oil pipe transmission is replaced by the cable transmission, so the labor intensity is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the oilfield well completion technical field, particularly the method for oriented perforation during a kind of cased well completion is the method that realizes oriented perforating for the oil well of hole angle between 15～30 °.
Background technology
Existing oriented perforating technology has two kinds: when the maximum hole angle of well is less than 15 ° entirely, rotate realization oriented perforatings such as oil pipe by tubing transmission, gyrolevel interception, ground; The oil layer section hole angle is realized oriented perforating by tubing transmission, eccentrically mounted weight piece orientation etc. greater than more than 30 ° the time.
Straight well oriented perforating technology comparative maturity, principle are by perforating gun direction under the gyrolevel measuring well, rotate oil pipe drive perforating gun by ground and forward the design orientation to.Mainly be step: 1. the tubing transmission method is lowered to perforating gun; 2. gamma rays and magnetic localizer school are dark, are adjusted to projected depth; 3. perforating gun orientation under the gyrolevel measuring well; If 4. with the design orientation gap is arranged, rotates oil pipe at well head and regulate the perforating gun direction; 5. gyrolevel perforating gun orientation under the measuring well again; If 6. still have gap with the design orientation, be rotated further oil pipe and regulate; If conform to the design orientation, ignite perforation; 7. carry oil pipe on and trip out perforating gun.There are two shortcomings in this oriented perforating method: 1. well head rotation oil pipe resistance is bigger, and maximum hole angle can not be used after surpassing 15 °; 2. tubing transmission technology is too complicated, long construction period, deficiency in economic performance.
At present, the inclined shaft oriented perforating has a kind of eccentrically mounted weight piece oriented perforation technology, it is the direction principle location vertically downward that utilizes eccentrically mounted weight piece under the gravity effect, pass through calculation of parameter such as hole angle, direction of deflection according to this for benchmark, ground regulates the angle of perforating gun and eccentrically mounted weight piece, and the perforating gun direction just is the design orientation in the lower going-into-well.Key step: the parameter such as hole angle, orientation of 1. obtaining perforated interval; 2. according to designing requirement, perforating gun direction and eccentrically mounted weight piece angular separation are regulated in ground; 3. tubing transmission is gone into the well; 4. gamma+magnetic localizer school is dark, is adjusted to projected depth; 5. ignite perforation; 6. trip out perforating gun.There are two shortcomings in this oriented perforating method: 1. wellbore radius is little, and the moment of torsion that provides by device is less partially, and hole angle then can't be realized more than the perforating gun continuous length 10m locating below 30 °; 2. tubing transmission technology is too complicated, long construction period, deficiency in economic performance.
Chinese patent publication number: CN101749000A provides " a kind of energy-concentrated bullet blasting and perforating process ".With full aperture perforation rifle and down-hole locator with tubing transmission to oil gas well down-hole target zone, utilize the full aperture perforation rifle to detonate behind the perforation, adopt cable perforation through tubing mode that explosion bullet perforating rifle is delivered in the full aperture perforation rifle in oil pipe, finish the accurate location of bullet and perforation tunnel by the detection of the special positioner in down-hole and ground instrument, and the explosion bullet perforating rifle that detonates, the secondary blasting bullet is squeezed into the corresponding perforation tunnel of penetrating out, time-delay mechanism by bullet, bullet is ignited after arriving cell ends, make the stratum produce more longer cracks, thereby reach the purpose that improves the oil gas well production.This method is still utilized tubing transmission full aperture perforation rifle and down-hole locator.
The volume crushing test is carried out in long celebrating oil field, needs the oriented perforating technology to cooperate.The general oil layer section hole angle of long celebrating oriented perforating well is below 10 °, but the maximum hole angle of full well is generally at 10～35 °, and the general 12～20m of perforating gun continuous length, present rotation oil pipe oriented perforating, eccentrically mounted weight piece oriented perforating all can not satisfy the demand of long celebrating oil field oriented perforating.Therefore, need carry out novel oriented perforating technical study.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of method that adopts cable transmission to realize the accurate pointing perforation is provided, adopts the cable transmission oriented perforating, realize that the maximum hole angle of full well surpasses 15 °, perforated interval hole angle and carries out oriented perforating less than 30 ° well.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: adopt cable transmission to realize the method for accurate pointing perforation:
Step 1, positioner are gone into the well and are set:
The top that connects string at positioner connects leader cable, positioner is connected string send into the down-hole; The structure that positioner connects string is from top to bottom:
Leader cable connection torpedo connects attached perforation cable and connects Malong head connection magnetic localizer connection input instrument connection compression sleeve connection positioner.
When positioner 7 arrives design perforation position (degree of depth), utilize magnetic localizer according to " magnetic orientation well log interpretation outcome table " data, the short sleeve coupling length on tracking measurement downhole perforation section top, judge definite degree of depth with this, measure first box cupling of definite perforated interval bottom again as the standard box cupling, be benchmark with this standard box cupling, the distance of zero mark of consideration positioner connection string calculates carries number, when positioner connect carry on the string and tracking measurement on stop when carrying several times zero, at this moment the stick in the input instrument is lighted in energising, the gases at high pressure that stick burning produces promote the hydraulic cylinder of input instrument, realize that by the power conversion joint make progress pull power and piston cylinder of center piston bar comprises the extruding force that compression sleeve produces downwards.Take out on this and the upwards operation and lock sleeve moves downwards of central tube that following extruding force forces positioner, upper and lower wedge compression spring is drawn close, and makes slips outwards open to be anchored on the internal surface of sleeve pipe, plays the positioning supports effect.The interior sawtooth button every trade of lock sleeve this moment arrives the middle part of dead bolt, plays the locking effect.When throwing in instrument pull power up to 50～80KN, the piston shear pin of giving up of positioner is cut off, and at this moment finishes the overall process that sets of positioner.
Set the back take out in the well comprise compression sleeve 6 with top.5～8 tons of positioner bearing loads.
The go into the well accurate orientation of measurement and positioning device internal upper part feather key of step 2, gyrolevel:
Measuring the top connection logging cable that the orientation instrument connects string, will measure orientation instrument connection string and send into the down-hole; The structure of measuring orientation instrument connection string is from top to bottom:
Leader cable connects the torpedo lower end and connects the Malong head, has cable to be communicated with between torpedo and the Malong head; Lower end at the Malong head connects magnetic localizer, and the lower end of magnetic localizer connects the electronics pipe nipple, and the lower end of electronics pipe nipple connects gyrolevel, and the lower end of gyrolevel connects damper, and the lower end of damper connects the guide-localization head.At last between the lower end of Malong head and magnetic localizer and damper and guide-localization head shell, centralizer is installed, fastening good jackscrew.
The gyrolevel feather key orientation in the measurement and positioning device of going into the well.According to perforation designing requirement orientation, draw the orientation difference.The angle (that is: orientation difference) of the gathering sill that this difference connects under blind hole and the breech outside perforating gun is regulated on ground at last takes out measurement orientation instrument connection string in well.
Step 3, perforating gun accurately directed, the perforation of going into the well:
The top that connects string at perforating gun connects logging cable, the perforation instrument is connected string send into the down-hole; The structure of measuring the orientation tubing string is from top to bottom:
Leader cable connects the torpedo lower end and connects the Malong head, has cable to be communicated with between torpedo and the Malong head; Lower end at the Malong head connects magnetic localizer, and the lower end of magnetic localizer connects crossover sub, and the lower end of crossover sub connects the big gun head, and big gun head lower end connects the located perforating rifle, and the lower end of located perforating rifle connects breech, and the breech lower end connects positioning and guiding and fishes for head.
The downhole orientation perforating depth is determined: be to measure the casing coupling degree of depth by magnetic localizer to carry out CD, slowly the oriented perforating rifle transferred to put in place and insert positioner top that the perforating gun degree of depth of this moment is the perforating depth of designing requirement.
The downhole orientation perforation orientation is determined: slowly the oriented perforating rifle is transferred and put in place when inserting positioner top, the positioning and guiding of located perforating rifle lower end is fished for head and is namely entered positioner, this moment, gathering sill was with after the positioner feather key docks, fish for a fishing head that has entered positioner, the perforating bullet orientation of located perforating rifle is that the designing requirement orientation is corresponding.
Then, give the perforation of downhole perforation rifle energising ignition and detonation oriented perforating bullet, penetrate and wear pipe and enter the stratum certain depth.
Tripping out of step 4, positioner and perforating gun:
The gathering sill of located perforating gun breech portion bottom has a lancet, and perforating gun is gone into after well sits on positioner, and lancet inserts in the positioner fishing head.When oriented perforating detonates, body of a gun moment produce vibrations and on scurry, positioner is deblocking under the effect of lancet.Carry on behind the perforation or when transferring the located perforating rifle, positioner is with located perforating rifle upstream or downstream.When perforating gun string descended carry on the perforated interval measure " perforation is checked and verified curve " after, positioner connects string with the perforation instrument and trips out pit shaft.Finally finish cable transmission and realize the construction of accurate pointing perforation.
The structure of positioner 7:
Positioner comprises body, expansion elements, locking unit, releasing unit, it is characterized in that: locking unit, expansion elements, releasing unit are socketed in external successively, flexibly connect by inclined-plane and expansion elements between locking unit and the releasing unit.
Described body be by set upright pipe, the piston of giving up, feather key, dead bolt, lock bolt sleeve, central tube constitute, the upper inner of setting upright pipe is connected with the piston of giving up by pin, the middle part of setting upright pipe has feather key, the bottom outside screw of setting upright pipe is connected with lock bolt sleeve, dead bolt is fixedly arranged in the lock bolt sleeve, and the lock bolt sleeve bottom is by the central tube that has been threaded.The described piston of giving up is connected by four shear pins with setting upright between the pipe.
Described locking unit is to be made of lock sleeve and last wedge, and the upper end of last wedge is fixedly connected with lock sleeve, and there is the inclined-plane last wedge lower end.
The contact jaw of the lock bolt sleeve of described lock sleeve and body has the zigzag draw-in groove, the position of the corresponding zigzag draw-in groove of the dead bolt of lock bolt sleeve.
Described releasing unit is by fishing head, following wedge, lower spindle, filler ring, lower end cap, the lock pawl constitutes, there is the inclined-plane upper end of following wedge, the lower end of following wedge is fixedly connected with filler ring, the filler ring inboard is fluted, the filler ring bottom is connected with lower end cap by internal thread, there is the lock pawl central tube lower end of body, there is projection in the outside, lower end of lock pawl, the pipe lower inside of setting upright of body is equipped with fishing head, fishing head and set upright and do not have annexation between the pipe, card edge in the upper end of fishing head has, the fishing head bottom is fixedly connected with lower spindle, lower spindle is positioned at the inboard of central tube and lock pawl, and the bottom of lower spindle is spacing by lower end cap, and the projection that lower spindle will be locked the pawl outside is connected in the groove of filler ring inboard.
A plurality of lock pawls spaced apart are fixed in described central tube lower end, and all there is projection in the outside, lower end of each lock pawl, and there is the groove that is complementary the corresponding filler ring inboard of projection.
Described expansion elements is to be made of slips, spring, steel spring plate, slips is between the following wedge of wedge on the locking unit and releasing unit, also be crimped with spring between last wedge and the following wedge, slips is the big inboard little trapezium structure of card edge, outside end, and inclined-plane, the trapezoidal both sides of slips contacts (coincideing) with the inclined-plane of last wedge lower end and following wedge upper end.The back side of described slips has been bolted to connection steel spring plate, and there is spacing edge-cut at the steel spring plate two ends, and steel spring plate is connected with last wedge and following wedge bolt respectively by the spacing edge-cut at two ends.
The assembling of positioner:
1, at first will insert in the groove of steel plate by the slips back side, make two holes at steel plate middle part aim at two holes on the slips, then that the fixed screw of two M8 is fastening.
2, four latch bolt springs and four dead bolts are respectively charged into lock bolt sleeve, live dead bolt with hand, then the lock bolt sleeve upper pressing cap are aimed at dead bolt beveled end screw thread and are connected into and tighten, and face lock bolt sleeve lower pressing cap aligning dead bolt directly terminal filament again and link into and tighten.
3, spring stop and spring are packed into from the lock pawl of central tube.
4, will descend wedge therefrom to pack at the lock pawl place of core barrel.
5, filler ring is packed into from the lock pawl of central tube.
6, will go up wedge is inserted in from the upper end of central tube.
7, the lock bolt sleeve assembly is inserted from lock ring cover lower end.
8, be connected also fastening with the central tube upper end retaining mechanism assembly.
9, lower spindle is inserted in filler ring lower end central tube lock pawl.Fisher is connected with lower spindle.
Four slips mechanisms that 10, will assemble are separately fixed at lock with the fixed screw of eight M8
In the groove of ring set and filler ring.
11, positioning pipe and lock bolt sleeve screwed connection are tight, refill lower end cap.
12, lock ring put, adjust down, make four shear pinhole aim at the cut groove of lock bolt sleeve upper pressing cap, and then be respectively charged into the shear pin of four (four/cover).
13, shearing ring inserts the location pipe box, and cut groove is aimed at shear pinhole.
14, connecting screw and shearing ring are seated, then with the whole adjustment of positioner.
Pay special attention to: 1, four slips back bevels must coincide with the inclined-plane of upper and lower wedge; 2, the maximum outside diameter of four slips must not surpass 116mm;
The operating principle of positioner:
The upper pulling force of throwing in the tool mandrel generation acts on the piston of giving up of positioner, it drives positioning key cover, lock bolt sleeve, central tube, filler ring, wedge is up down, the following thrust that input instrument recipient produces presses down lock sleeve, upward wedge is descending, at this moment upper and lower wedge compresses spring, supportting slips simultaneously expands outwardly and is close on the internal surface of sleeve pipe, after four slips were inlayed into the internal surface of sleeve pipe certain depth, when lock sleeve was no longer descending, dead bolt pinned.The remaining high pressure pull of input instrument this moment power is cut off four shear pins on the piston of giving up, and finishes input instrument and positioner and slips out of the hand.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts the method for cable transmission realization accurate pointing perforation,
The one, changed transmission means, cancelled removing oil pipe, alleviated labour intensity; Shortened greatly and accounted for the well time; The 2nd, adopt magnetic localizer to follow the tracks of control, improved the accurate degree of depth of positioner and perforating gun; The 3rd, the method for rotation pipeline location has been cancelled in the orientation of perforating bullet, but after adopting gyroscope survey, the degree of accuracy that has improved the orientation is regulated in the ground rotation; The 4th, safety, reliability, the perforation one-time success rate of going into the well is improved; The 5th, satisfy directional well and limited by hole angle, realized that the maximum hole angle of full well surpasses 15 °, perforated interval hole angle less than the oriented perforating of 30 ° of wells; The perforation construction period reduces to present 8 hours by 30 hours of tubing transmission oriented perforating, improves efficiency of construction; Cable transmission replaces tubing transmission.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention adopts cable transmission to realize the method embodiment schematic flow sheet of accurate pointing perforation.
Fig. 2 a is that location instrument connects string the first half structural representation.Fig. 2 b is that location instrument connects string the latter half structural representation.
Fig. 3 measures the orientation instrument to connect the string structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 a is that the perforation instrument connects string the first half structural representation.Fig. 4 b is that the perforation instrument connects string the latter half structural representation.
Fig. 5 is the structural profile schematic diagram of positioner 7.
Among the figure, 1-torpedo, 2-cable, the 3-head harness, the 4-magnetic localizer, 5-throws in instrument, the 6-compression sleeve, 7-positioner, 8-electronics pipe nipple, the 9-gyrolevel, 10-damper, 11-guide-localization head, the 12-centralizer, 13-crossover sub, 14-big gun head, 15-located perforating rifle, the 16-breech, the 17-positioning and guiding is fished for head.
701-centering ring, the 702-piston of giving up, 703-feather key, 704-fishing head, 705-lock sleeve, 706-dead bolt, the 707-lock bolt sleeve, the last wedge of 708-, 709-central tube, 710-slips, 711-spring, wedge under the 712-, 713-steel spring plate, 714-lower spindle, 715-filler ring, 716-lower end cap.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: adopt cable transmission to realize that the method for accurate pointing perforation is example with a bite well, the present invention is described in further detail.
Long celebrating oil field A well oriented perforating work progress.
One, at first, parameters such as hole deviation, perforated interval are obtained in collection:
Two, oriented perforation working design
(1) device for positioning and supporting:
Adopt 51/2 " device for positioning and supporting, maximum outside diameter 114mm, length 1000mm, the shear strength 8T of the piston shear pin of giving up.
(2) azimuthal measurement instrument:
Adopt HKTL-46 type gyrobearing measuring instrument, maximum outside diameter 46mm, centering ring maximum outside diameter 102mm.
(3) oriented perforator:
A. the oriented perforator external diameter is 102mm, joint maximum outside diameter 104mm, length 2200mm.
B. the interlayer gun external diameter is 73mm, transition joint maximum outside diameter 75mm, and length (1000mm, 2000mm, 3000mm) can make up by designing requirement.
(4) the specific design data are as follows:
A. Design Orientation device top depth: the degree of depth+0.25, oil reservoir bottom meter.
B. carrying number on the positioner is: the standard box cupling degree of depth+1.75 meters *-oil reservoir bottom degree of depth-0.23 meter.
Annotate: *---refer to that the magnetic localizer measuring point is to the length between the positioner top.
Three, positioner is gone into the well and is set:
The top that connects string at positioner connects leader cable, positioner is connected string send into the down-hole; The structure that positioner connects string is from top to bottom:
The torpedo 1 that connects soon that 5500 meter 7 core cable connects diameter 37mm connects the compression sleeve 6 that input instrument 5 (interior charge pole and igniter) that Malong 3 single core magnetic localizer 4 that connect diameter 73mm again that 1.5 meters attached perforation cables 2 connect diameter 73mm again connect diameter 89mm again is connected diameter 114mm more again and connects positioner 7 again.
Diameter 37mm meets torpedo 1 model: FYYL-3A soon
The Malong of diameter 73mm 3 models a: FYSKM-981A
Single core magnetic localizer 4 models of diameter 73mm: FYCDW-O1C
The model of positioner 7: FYDZ-114
Above product is " Xi'an Fangyuan Energy Project Co., Ltd. " and produces.
When positioner 7 arrives design perforation position (degree of depth), the short sleeve coupling length on magnetic localizer 4 tracking measurement downhole perforation section tops, judge definite degree of depth with this, measure first box cupling of definite perforated interval bottom again as the standard box cupling, be benchmark with this standard box cupling, the distance of zero mark of consideration positioner connection string calculates carries number, when positioner connect carry on the string and tracking measurement on stop when carrying several times zero, at this moment the stick in the input instrument is lighted in energising, the gases at high pressure that stick burning produces promote the hydraulic cylinder of input instrument 5, realize that by the power conversion joint make progress pull power and piston cylinder of center piston bar comprises the extruding forces that compression sleeve 6 produces downwards.Take out on this and the upwards operation and lock sleeve moves downwards of central tube that following extruding force forces positioner 7, upper and lower wedge compression spring is drawn close, and makes slips outwards open to be anchored on the internal surface of sleeve pipe, plays the positioning supports effect.The interior sawtooth button every trade of lock sleeve this moment arrives the middle part of dead bolt, plays the locking effect.When throwing in instrument pull power up to 55KN, the piston shear pin of giving up of positioner is cut off, and at this moment finishes the overall process that sets of positioner.Stop then that 5 minutes instrument gases at high pressure to be put have discharged and well in liquid static after, mention tool string on again.Set the back take out in the well comprise compression sleeve 6 with top.6.5 tons of the bearing loads of positioner 7.
Four, the gyrolevel accurate orientation of measurement and positioning device internal upper part feather key of going into the well:
The top that connects string at HKTL-46 type gyrobearing measuring instrument connects logging cable, will measure orientation instrument connection string and send into the down-hole;
(1) structure of measurement orientation instrument connection string is from top to bottom:
5500 meter 7 core leader cable connects the torpedo 1 of diameter 37mm, and the lower end connects the Malong 3 of diameter 46mm, has cable 2 to be communicated with between torpedo 1 and the Malong 3; 3 lower end connects the magnetic localizer 4 of diameter 46mm in the Malong, the lower end of magnetic localizer 4 connects the electronics pipe nipple 8 of diameter 46mm, the lower end of electronics pipe nipple 8 connects the gyrolevel 9 of diameter 46mm, the lower end of gyrolevel 9 connects the damper 10 of diameter 46mm, and the lower end of damper 10 connects the guide-localization head 11 of diameter 46mm.
The last centralizer 12 of installation diameter 114mm between the lower end of Malong 3 and magnetic localizer 4 and damper 10 and guide-localization head 11 shells, fastening good jackscrew.
(2) gyroscope survey orientation construction
1. gyrolevel belongs to enervated, accurate measuring apparatus, and any operate miss in the use all may cause the permanent damage of gyroscopic survey.The instrumentation personnel should pass through special training, can on dutyly operate.In order to guarantee the due certainty of measurement of gyrolevel and performance, be sure to note in the use accomplishing following some:
Gyro must be placed in the fixing spectacle case vanning when a. transporting, and does suitably protection;
B. whenever mobile gyro all will be handled with care, and rigid collision cannot be arranged;
Should tiltedly use mutually when c. assembling gyro to have Friction spanner for pipe, and the chucking position should be avoided with detaining on the pipe wrench in threaded exterior end;
D. assemble gyrolevel, last button needs use Friction spanner for pipe, feel to be tightened and get final product, and unavailable porter steps on the Friction spanner for pipe handle and buckles, and on noting in the button process, and gyrostatic high pressure shell is housed can not be had and beat, and collides;
E. use cable reel rise, down during instrument, each cable, must slowly accelerate or slowly stop to motion or opposite from static, acceleration should be less than 5cm/s
2
F. gyroscope descends necessary stationary posture in working order, forbids rocking the gyrolevel inserting tube;
G. the control survey temperature does not surpass prescribed limit, otherwise can reduce the gyroscope life-span, even causes measuring failure;
H. before each starting up's gyrolevel, guarantee that instrument remains static.The operating any swing significantly of gyrolevel (greater than 2 degree per seconds) all may cause the performance of instrument to descend, even causes the permanent damage of gyrostat;
I. should do accuracy test before going up well at every turn, find error come in row maintenance bigger than normal;
2. checked hardware circuit earlier before measuring, and the assurance armamentarium is enabled normally.(under last): the little torpedo of cable+gyroscope Malong head+gyroscope electronic circuit (length)+gyroscope coasting body (weak point)+gyroscope draws tiltedly (trough of belt and spring)
Must connect gyroscope in proper order by this.Note when connecting electronic circuit handle with care and dock accurately and closely.
3. draw oblique chute and place the horizontal checkout module gyrostatic, adjust gyroscopic instrument itself and make the test module reveal competence.Adjust gyroscope power supply back to power supply and finish that gyroscope should keep static relatively in the 2MIN of back, never allow gyroscope to rock or swing on ground and down-hole.
4. connect laptop computer and gyroscope surface power supply panel with double end USB line, connect the red-black power supply of surface power supply panel hole respectively to instrument lead down-hole 1,10 line greatly (if a gyroscope Malong UNICOM is 1 line then red line is connected to 1 line, 10 lines are ground wire).Open laptop computer, enter gyroscope software, open the gyroscope ground power supply.
5. suitable well site and gyro parameter are set in the gyroscope software of laptop computer:
Parameter setting → routine information setting → gyro information arranges
Instrument numbering: 69; Instrument distance of zero mark: 0; Local latitude: fill out according to local actual latitude, should inquire about before the last well;
Gyro flash: 0; Flash initial angle: 0; Flash deviation: 0; Flash deflection angle: 3;
6. press instrument start button on the control panel of gyroscope ground earlier, wait panel to show when electric current is 80 left and right sides, power switch is got to the ON shelves, wait for after electric current is stablized slightly and press the instrument start button again.Voltage probably can maintain about 160-180V in this process
7. carry out the inspection to slave computer and downhole instrument two communication links.Click " communication check " key of " gyroscopic survey " item in the main menu, respectively slave computer and downhole instrument are communicated inspection after the ejection dialog box, the general inspection number of times is defaulted as 10 times and gets final product.
8. adjust the flash initial angle after adopting, make the gyro flash approach zero, scope is in 0.1.
9. gyroscope orientation and orientation correction
A. transfer instrument to 200m, adopt a little, see whether instrument continues to transfer after the operate as normal to gearshift when the perforating depth to transfer with the following speed of 500m/h, stop during to the perforated interval upper end.
B. fixed point well logging, " fixed point well logging " above the click menu bar in " gyroscopic survey " drop-down menu gets final product survey data.The time once of some survey at present is 2*24=48S.The orientation of measuring, flash (gyro flash), information result such as hole deviation will be presented in the initial data viewing area.In directed dial plate and directed information hurdle, also will show simultaneously corresponding true bearing information.
The gyrolevel 9 feather key orientation in the measurement and positioning device 7 of going into the well.According to perforation designing requirement orientation, draw the orientation difference.In well, take out measurement orientation instrument connection string then.
Five, perforating gun accurately directed, the perforation of going into the well:
(1) gyrolevel is gone into the well feather key orientation in the measurement and positioning device and the difference in perforation designing requirement orientation.The angle (that is: orientation difference) of the gathering sill that connects under the outer blind hole of the perforating gun that assembles and the breech is regulated on ground, and is after regulating that jackscrew is fastening.
(2) connect the top of going here and there at perforating gun and connect logging cable, the perforation instrument is connected string send into the down-hole; The structure of measuring the orientation tubing string is from top to bottom:
Torpedo 1 lower end that 5500 meter 7 core leader cable connects diameter 46mm connects diameter 73mm Malong 3, has cable 2 to be communicated with between torpedo 1 and the Malong 3; 3 lower end connects the magnetic localizer 4 of diameter 70mm in the Malong, the lower end of magnetic localizer 4 connects crossover sub 13, the lower end of crossover sub 13 connects the big gun head 14 of diameter 102mm, big gun head 14 lower ends connect the located perforating rifle 15 of diameter 102mm, the lower end of located perforating rifle 15 connects the breech 16 of diameter 102mm, and breech 16 lower ends connect positioning and guiding and fish for 17.
(3) the downhole orientation perforating gun degree of depth is determined: be to measure the casing coupling degree of depth by magnetic localizer to carry out CD, slowly the oriented perforating rifle transferred to put in place and insert positioner top that the perforating gun degree of depth of this moment is the perforating depth of designing requirement.
(4) downhole orientation perforating gun orientation is determined: slowly oriented perforating rifle 15 is transferred and put in place when inserting positioner 7 tops, the positioning and guiding of located perforating rifle 15 lower ends is fished for 17 and is namely entered positioner 7, this moment, gathering sill was with after positioner 7 feather keys dock, fish for 17 fishing heads that entered positioner 7, the perforating bullet orientation of located perforating rifle 15 is that the designing requirement orientation is corresponding.
(5) give the perforation of downhole perforation rifle energising ignition and detonation oriented perforating bullet at last, penetrate and wear pipe and enter the stratum certain depth.
Six, measure perforation and check and verify tripping out of curve and positioner and perforating gun:
The gathering sill of located perforating rifle 15 afterbodys bottom has a lancet, and perforating gun is gone into after well sits on positioner, and lancet inserts in the positioner fishing head.When oriented perforating detonates, body of a gun moment produce vibrations and on scurry, positioner is deblocking under the effect of lancet.Carry on behind the perforation or when transferring located perforating rifle 15, positioner 7 is with located perforating rifle 15 upstream or downstream.When perforating gun string descended carry on the perforated interval measure " perforation is checked and verified curve " after, positioner 7 connects string with the perforation instrument and trips out pit shaft.Finally finish cable transmission and realize the construction of accurate pointing perforation.
Seven, the on-the-spot faithful record (example) of A well cable oriented perforation
Design perforated interval (rice): 90 ° of 2727.0～2729.0 NE25 ° 2736.5～2738.5NE115 ° angles
(1) positioner construction operation
1. Design Orientation device top depth: 2738.50+0.25=2738,75 meters.
2. standard box cupling choosing: 2743.41 meters, downhole cartridge (input instrument) distance of zero mark: 1.75 meters, on carry number and be: 6.43 meters.Distance (2743.41+1.75)～(2738.5-0.23) is 6.43 meters.
3. the 11:50 positioner school of going into the well is measured deeply.
4. the 13:00 igniting discharges normal.
5. the probing top of fish degree of depth is under the 13:05 band input instrument: 2738.71 meters.
6. 13:40 trips out the input tool string.
(2) gyroscope survey orientation construction operation, the accurate orientation of measurement and positioning device internal key
1. 14:40 gyrobearing measuring apparatus is gone into the well.
2. gyrobearing measurement result: the accurate orientation of positioner internal key is 161 degree.
3. 16:50 trips out azimuthal measurement instrument string.
(3) cable oriented perforation rifle construction operation
1. the perforating gun orientation is adjusted on ground: (the designing requirement perforation orientation is: 120 degree) the bearing compass instrument accesses difference: 41 degree.Compass is enclosed within on the guide-localization head, behind perforating bullet orientation and guide head keyway accent 41 degree, and fastening jackscrew.Perforating gun string distance of zero mark: 12.00 meters (the magnetic localizer measuring point is to distance of breech positioning spline).
2. 17:40 cable oriented perforation rifle string is gone into the well, and stop in 25 meters down to short sleeve top, surveys down then and traces and monitors and record, and testing the speed is 1200 meters/hour.
3. surveying the degree of depth that is hampered is: 2726.5 meters check and correction degree of depth of stopping are: (real 2738.51 meters of the minimum hole depths of penetrating of standard box cupling 2721.56+ measured value 4.95+ perforating gun string distance of zero mark 12.00=), degree of depth check and correction is accurate.
4. 18:25 igniting perforation is normal, goes up portable cable after 2 minutes, winch tension force by:
Back normal (positioner is freed), survey continuations in 2 single, be hampered 2749.00 meters of the degree of depth of survey under beginning.The actual degree of depth that is hampered is: 2749.00+ perforating gun distance of zero mark 12.00+ positioner 1.02=2762.02 rice.
5. go up portable cable survey perforation and check that curve carries out the perforation checking.
19:05 trips out the perforating gun string construction and finishes, and the well site is left by 20:20 squad.
(4) perforating depth and gun barrel perforation checking
Table 8-1 gun barrel perforation checking record sheet
(5) cable oriented perforation construction operation timeliness statistics
Table 8-2 perforation construction operation timeliness statistical form
Claims (2)
1. method that adopts cable transmission to realize the accurate pointing perforation is characterized in that:
Step 1, positioner are gone into the well and are set:
The top that connects string at positioner connects leader cable, positioner is connected string send into the down-hole; The structure that positioner connects string is from top to bottom:
Leader cable connects torpedo (1) lower end and connects Malong head (3), has attached perforation cable (2) to be communicated with between torpedo (1) and the Malong head (3); Lower end at Malong head (3) connects magnetic localizer (4), and the lower end of magnetic localizer (4) connects input instrument (5), and input instrument (5) lower end connects compression sleeve (6), and compression sleeve (6) lower end connects positioner (7);
When positioner (7) arrives design perforating depth position, utilize the short sleeve coupling length on magnetic localizer (4) tracking measurement downhole perforation section top, judge definite degree of depth with this, measure first box cupling of definite perforated interval bottom again as the standard box cupling, be benchmark with this standard box cupling, the distance of zero mark of consideration positioner connection string calculates carries number, when positioner connect carry on the string and tracking measurement on stop when carrying several times zero, at this moment the stick in the input instrument is lighted in energising, the gases at high pressure that stick burning produces promote the hydraulic cylinder of input instruments (5), realize that by the power conversion joint make progress pull power and piston cylinder of center piston bar comprises the extruding force that compression sleeve (6) produces downwards; Take out on this and the upwards operation and lock sleeve moves downwards of central tube that following extruding force forces positioner (7), upper and lower wedge compression spring is drawn close, and makes slips outwards open to be anchored on the internal surface of sleeve pipe, plays the positioning supports effect; The locking effect is played at the interior capable middle part to dead bolt of sawtooth button of lock sleeve this moment; When throwing in instrument pull power up to 50～80KN, the piston shear pin of giving up of positioner is cut off, and at this moment finishes the overall process that sets of positioner;
Set the back take out in the well comprise compression sleeve (6) with top; 5～8 tons of positioner (7) bearing loads;
The go into the well accurate orientation of measurement and positioning device internal upper part feather key of step 2, gyrolevel:
Measuring the top connection logging cable that the orientation instrument connects string, will measure orientation instrument connection string and send into the down-hole; The structure of measuring orientation instrument connection string is from top to bottom:
Leader cable connects torpedo (1) lower end and connects Malong head (3), has attached perforation cable (2) to be communicated with between torpedo (1) and the Malong head (3); Lower end at Malong head (3) connects magnetic localizer (4), the lower end of magnetic localizer (4) connects electronics pipe nipple (8), the lower end of electronics pipe nipple (8) connects gyrolevel (9), the lower end of gyrolevel (9) connects damper (10), and the lower end of damper (10) connects guide-localization head (11); Between the lower end of Malong head (3) and magnetic localizer (4) and damper (10) and guide-localization head (11) shell, centralizer (12) is installed, fastening good jackscrew at last;
Gyrolevel (9) the feather key orientation in the measurement and positioning device (7) of going into the well; According to perforation designing requirement orientation, draw the orientation difference; The angle of the gathering sill that this difference connects under blind hole and the breech outside perforating gun is regulated on ground at last takes out measurement orientation instrument connection string in well;
Step 3, perforating gun accurately directed, the perforation of going into the well:
The top that connects string at perforating gun connects logging cable, the perforation instrument is connected string send into the down-hole; The structure of measuring the orientation tubing string is from top to bottom:
Leader cable connects torpedo (1) lower end and connects Malong head (3), has attached perforation cable (2) to be communicated with between torpedo (1) and the Malong head (3); Lower end at Malong head (3) connects magnetic localizer (4), the lower end of magnetic localizer (4) connects crossover sub (13), the lower end of crossover sub (13) connects big gun head (14), big gun head (14) lower end connects located perforating rifle (15), the lower end of located perforating rifle (15) connects breech (16), and breech (16) lower end connects positioning and guiding and fishes for head (17);
The downhole orientation perforating depth is determined: be to measure the casing coupling degree of depth by magnetic localizer to carry out CD, slowly the located perforating rifle transferred to put in place and insert positioner top that the perforating gun degree of depth of this moment is the perforating depth of designing requirement;
The downhole orientation perforation orientation is determined: slowly located perforating rifle (15) is transferred and put in place when inserting positioner (7) top, the positioning and guiding of located perforating rifle (15) lower end is fished for head (17) and is namely entered positioner (7), this moment, gathering sill was with after positioner (7) feather key docks, fish for head (17) and entered the fishing head of positioner (7), the perforating bullet orientation of located perforating rifle (15) is that the designing requirement orientation is corresponding;
Then, give the perforation of downhole perforation rifle energising ignition and detonation oriented perforating bullet, penetrate and wear pipe and enter the stratum certain depth;
Tripping out of step 4, positioner and perforating gun:
The gathering sill of located perforating rifle (15) afterbody bottom has a lancet, and perforating gun is gone into after well sits on positioner, and lancet inserts in the positioner fishing head; When oriented perforating detonates, body of a gun moment produce vibrations and on scurry, positioner is deblocking under the effect of lancet; When carrying or transferring located perforating rifle (15) on behind the perforation, positioner (7) is with located perforating rifle (15) upstream or downstream; Carried on then when perforating gun string descends perforated interval, positioner (7) connects string with the perforation instrument and trips out pit shaft; Finally finish cable transmission and realize the construction of accurate pointing perforation.
2. employing cable transmission according to claim 1 realizes the method for accurate pointing perforation, it is characterized in that: positioner (7) comprises body, expansion elements, locking unit, releasing unit, it is characterized in that: locking unit, expansion elements, releasing unit are socketed in external successively, flexibly connect by inclined-plane and expansion elements between locking unit and the releasing unit;
Described body is by setting upright pipe (701), the piston of giving up (702), feather key (703), dead bolt (706), lock bolt sleeve (707), central tube (709) formation, the upper inner of setting upright pipe (701) is connected with the piston of giving up (702) by pin, the middle part of setting upright pipe (701) has feather key (703), the bottom outside screw of setting upright pipe (701) is connected with lock bolt sleeve (707), dead bolt (706) is fixedly arranged in the lock bolt sleeve (707), and lock bolt sleeve (707) bottom is by the central tube that has been threaded (709); The described piston of giving up (702) is connected by four shear pins with setting upright between the pipe (701);
Described locking unit is to be made of lock sleeve (705) and last wedge (708), and the upper end of last wedge (708) is fixedly connected with lock sleeve (705), and there is the inclined-plane last wedge (708) lower end;
Described lock sleeve (705) has the zigzag draw-in groove, the position of the corresponding zigzag draw-in groove of dead bolt (706) of lock bolt sleeve (707) with the contact jaw of the lock bolt sleeve (707) of body;
Described releasing unit is by fishing head (704), following wedge (712), lower spindle (714), filler ring (715), lower end cap (716), lock pawl (717) constitutes, there is the inclined-plane upper end of following wedge (712), the lower end of following wedge (712) is fixedly connected with filler ring (715), filler ring (715) is inboard fluted, filler ring (715) bottom is connected with lower end cap (716) by internal thread, there is lock pawl (717) central tube of body (709) lower end, there is projection in the outside, lower end of lock pawl (717), pipe (701) lower inside of setting upright of body is equipped with fishing head (704), fishing head (704) and set upright between the pipe (701) and do not have annexation, card edge in the upper end of fishing head (704) has, fishing head (704) bottom is fixedly connected with lower spindle (714), lower spindle (714) is positioned at the inboard of central tube (709) and lock pawl (717), the bottom of lower spindle (714) is spacing by lower end cap (716), and the projection that lower spindle (714) will be locked pawl (717) outside is connected in the inboard groove of filler ring (715);
A plurality of lock pawls (717) spaced apart are fixed in described central tube (709) lower end, and all there is projection in the outside, lower end of each lock pawl (717), and there is the groove that is complementary corresponding filler ring (715) inboard of projection;
Described expansion elements is to be made of slips (710), spring (711), steel spring plate (713), slips (710) is positioned between the following wedge (712) of the last wedge (708) of locking unit and releasing unit, also be crimped with spring (711) between last wedge (708) and the following wedge (712), slips (710) is the big inboard little trapezium structure of card edge, outside end, and inclined-plane, the trapezoidal both sides of slips (710) contacts with the inclined-plane of last wedge (708) lower end with following wedge (712) upper end; The back side of described slips (710) has been bolted to connection steel spring plate (713), and there is spacing edge-cut at steel spring plate (713) two ends, and steel spring plate (713) is connected with last wedge (708) and following wedge (712) bolt respectively by the spacing edge-cut at two ends.
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| CN108179998A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-19 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Cable transmission pressure blasting perforation system and perforating methods |
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