CN102268824B - Simple, quick and mechanical degumming production equipment and process for ramie - Google Patents

Simple, quick and mechanical degumming production equipment and process for ramie Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102268824B
CN102268824B CN 201110206664 CN201110206664A CN102268824B CN 102268824 B CN102268824 B CN 102268824B CN 201110206664 CN201110206664 CN 201110206664 CN 201110206664 A CN201110206664 A CN 201110206664A CN 102268824 B CN102268824 B CN 102268824B
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removal
impurities
separating machine
fibre
ramie
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CN102268824A (en
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范小敏
谭天富
方佳
李乔兰
王建平
刘季平
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Sichuan Academy of silk Sciences Co.,Ltd.
SICHUAN SILK ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
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SICHUAN SILK ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
SICHUAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SILK SCIENCE
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Abstract

The invention discloses simple, quick and mechanical degumming production equipment for ramie. The equipment mainly consists of a ramie softening machine, an immersion device, a degumming fiber opener, an edulcoration fiber opener and a washing fiber opener, wherein the outlet of the ramie softening machine is formed above the immersion device; a feeding roller is arranged between the immersion device and the degumming fiber opener; a transferring roller is arranged between the degumming fiber opener and the edulcoration fiber opener; and a pulling roller and a conveying roller are arranged between the edulcoration fiber opener and the washing fiber opener. The invention also discloses a simple, quick and mechanical degumming production process for ramie. Mechanical degumming, fiber opening and arranging mainly based on a main physical method are performed on ramie raw materials which are subjected to low-bath-ratio impregnation pretreatment through a mechanical outer force and auxiliary treatment, so that energy conservation, emission reduction, consumption reduction and clean production during degumming can be realized.

Description

Ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment and technique thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ramee production field, specifically refer to a kind of ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment and technique thereof.
Background technology
The ramie raw ramie be crop harvesting by decorticating, scrape the plant bast zone that green grass or young crops obtains, its main component is that pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash grade, must remove these pectin substances by biological, chemistry, mechanical means, extract pure ramee.Common traditional ramie production technology adopt strong acid, highly basic, high temperature, high pressure repeatedly the chemical method of kiering remove colloidal substance and produce fiber, the method water consumption, energy consumption height, environmental pollution is serious, and chemical Degumming causes than macrolesion the fiber surface structure, and fiber quality and textile product added value are difficult to promote.
Although present published ramie biological degumming technology greatly reduces water and chemical industry material use amount, has reduced the pollution to environment, has improved fiber quality.But no matter two existing large class biological degumming technologies adopt voluntarily the seed selection degumming strain to add bacterium come unstuck, or directly use the biological enzyme degumming agent producing process all higher to peopleware, technique, requirement for environmental conditions, the electricity consumption of coal is large, and the degumming system production cost is higher.And for degumming bacterium technique, except above-mentioned common weak point, also existing has increased the strain improvement that comes unstuck, cultivation, storage, purification, has enlarged a whole set of equipment such as cultivation step by step, equipment investment is large, degumming bacterium is cultivated the problem that complex process, cycle length etc. are left to be desired, elimination rate of pectic is generally 70~80%, and also residual a large amount of colloid still needs concise by chemistry.And the characteristics of biological enzyme formulation method degumming tech maximum are simple to operate, but use the degumming agent cost high, low to the clearance of pectin, and degumming effect is unstable, therefore it is perfect that biological degumming technology is still waiting to do further improvement, not yet accepted extensively by enterprise at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment is provided, this equipment is by mechanical external force and auxiliary processing, to implementing to come unstuck, open fibre and arrangement take physical method as main mechanical force through the ramie raw materials of low bath raio pretreatment, realized the process of coming unstuck energy-conservation, reduce discharging, lower consumption and clean production.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming process.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment mainly is made of the softener that sets gradually, immersion system, the fibre separating machine that comes unstuck, removal of impurities fibre separating machine and washing fibre separating machine; The outlet of described softener is arranged on the immersion system top, immersion system and come unstuck and be provided with feed roller between the fibre separating machine, coming unstuck is provided with transfer roller between fibre separating machine and the removal of impurities fibre separating machine, is provided with traction roller and carries roller between removal of impurities fibre separating machine and the washing fibre separating machine.
Above-mentioned immersion system is made of several dip vats with pulley, in the actual production process, dip vat is pushed into softener below access ramie raw materials successively, delivers to the appointed place and inject maceration extract and deposit and carried out pretreatment in 8~12 hours, get the usefulness of operation mechanical degumming ready.
As a kind of optimal way of the present invention, the above-mentioned fibre separating machine that comes unstuck mainly is made of removal of impurities cylinder and several worker rollers of being arranged on the removal of impurities cylinder outer wall, and the entrance end of worker rollers group is respectively arranged with deflector chute and shifts hairbrush; Described deflector chute is positioned at the front lower place of feed roller one end, and deflector chute top is provided with particulate matter and mixes mouth, and inside is provided with leads numb roller, and described transfer hairbrush is close proximity to an end of transfer roller.
Above-mentioned removal of impurities fibre separating machine is mainly by removal of impurities screen drum, removal of impurities hired roughneck and be arranged on the removal of impurities screen drum and the dirt chamber of removal of impurities hired roughneck below consists of; Described removal of impurities hired roughneck is arranged on the porch of removal of impurities screen drum, and the removal of impurities hired roughneck is between removal of impurities screen drum and transfer roller, and the outlet of described removal of impurities screen drum is close proximity to an end of traction roller.
Above-mentioned washing fibre separating machine mainly is made of body, the interior screen cloth and the outer net-cloth that are arranged on the retracting device of organism bottom and are arranged on internal body, consists of washing cavities between described interior screen cloth and the outer net-cloth; Described internal body is provided with and is positioned at the outer spray equipment of washing cavities, carries roller to be arranged on the top of body import, and the body exit is provided with the dehydration pressure roller.
Ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming process may further comprise the steps:
(a) softening: ramie raw materials is fed softener after machinery is rubbed the remove portion foreign material, and dish enters in the immersion system into strips;
(b) dipping: inject maceration extract in the immersion system and deposited 8~12 hours, ramie raw materials is made low bath raio pretreatment;
(c) open fibre: the ramie raw materials after impregnation process is sent into the fibre separating machine that comes unstuck, removal of impurities fibre separating machine and washing fibre separating machine successively, and fibre is opened in the fibre that comes unstuck out, removal of impurities and fibre is opened in washing;
(d) concise: as by auxiliary concise, again fiber sent into mechanization China grass degumming finishing process or entered the tradition finishing process that comes unstuck.
In the above-mentioned steps (b), maceration extract is formulated by NaOH 4~6%(o.w.f), alkylbenzenesulfonate 0.3~0.5%(o.w.f); Impregnation technology is: bath raio 1:2.8~3,90~100 ℃ of injection liquid temperature, 8~12 hours resting periods.
In the above-mentioned steps (d), concise liquid is formulated by NaOH 0.5~0.7%(o.w.f), sodium sulfite 0.1~0.2%(o.w.f), detergent 0.2~0.3%(o.w.f); Refining process is: bath raio 1:12,95~100 ℃ of temperature, 1.5~2 hours time.
Further, above-mentionedly open fine process and comprise that fibre is opened in the fibre that comes unstuck out, removal of impurities and fibre is opened in washing, specific as follows:
Fibre comes unstuck out: the ramie raw materials after the impregnation process pins down through feed roller and feeds the fibre separating machine that comes unstuck, and mix the porch at the particulate matter of this fibre separating machine that comes unstuck and evenly sneak into particulate matter, by carry out mechanical presses in removal of impurities cylinder and the fine workspaces of coming unstuck out that many group worker rollers form, rub, in length and breadth to opening fibre, make pectin substance progressively with fiber separation and removal, strip by shifting hairbrush through the fine ramie raw materials of processing that tentatively comes unstuck out, pin down by transfer roller and send into the removal of impurities fibre separating machine;
Fibre is opened in removal of impurities: after ramie raw materials enters the removal of impurities fibre separating machine, acting in conjunction by removal of impurities hired roughneck and oscillatory type removal of impurities screen drum, make the fiber band that enters the removal of impurities screen drum constantly be hit, throw, fall, shake off and remove the foreign material that stick on the fiber, and by the traction roller in the place ahead with carry roller to pin down and send into the washing fibre separating machine, the mesh that foreign material see through the removal of impurities screen drum falls into the dirt chamber that is positioned at its underpart, reuse after the particulate matter that drops is collected and processes;
Fibre is opened in washing: after fibrage enters the washing fibre separating machine, under the clamping of interior screen cloth and outer net-cloth, the intersection that is subject to the inside and outside high-pressure injection current of spray equipment is impacted and cleaning, fully removes pectin and foreign material, decompose fiber, and roll through the dehydration pressure roller and to remove the part rinse water; The particulate matter that washes out sinks to washing fibre separating machine bottom, is reclaimed after treatment reuse by retracting device.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention cancelled that traditional chemical comes unstuck that energy consumption, water consumption is high, the chemical industry material use many, pollution high temperature large, length consuming time boils, and the I of boiling is boiled, II is boiled and the pre-sour operation of raw material, save the strict and numerous and diverse degumming bacterium training of biological degumming technique and grown the chemical sterilization operation that process and long homoiotherm degumming process and high temperature are boiled and boiled, also saved the in-plant stock handling between these operations simultaneously.Replace low bath raio raw ramie impregnation process and come unstuck, open the auxiliary Scouring Technology of fibre, arrangement, washing and mitigation take physical method as main mechanical force.Therefore greatly reduce energy consumption and chemical industry material use amount, the water consumption of the rear portion arrangement of coming unstuck is greatly reduced, overcome the key problem of the restriction China grass degumming productions such as the high energy consumption that chemical Degumming brings, high pollution, high water consumption, high recruitment on largely.Not only improved fiber quality, also made more economical, the environmental protection of the production process of coming unstuck of ramie;
(2) special-purpose degumming equipment of the present invention is simple in structure, applicability is strong, the process of coming unstuck realizes continuous operations substantially, and can embed easily in existing chemical Degumming and other husks degumming process flow process, implements to dock arbitrarily with the finishing process that comes unstuck.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is device structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Mark and corresponding parts title in the accompanying drawing: 1-softener; 2-immersion system; 3-fibre separating machine comes unstuck; 4-removal of impurities fibre separating machine; 5-washing fibre separating machine; 6-feed roller; 7-transfer roller; 8-traction roller; 9-conveying roller; 10-particulate matter; 31-removal of impurities cylinder; 32-worker rollers; 33-deflector chute; 34-transfer hairbrush; 35-lead numb roller; 37-particulate matter mixes mouth; 41-removal of impurities screen drum; 42-removal of impurities hired roughneck; 43-dirt chamber; 52-retracting device; 53-interior screen cloth; 54-outer net-cloth; 55-washing cavities; 56-spray equipment; 57-dehydration pressure roller.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with enforcement and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited only to this.
Embodiment:
Ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment as shown in Figure 1 mainly is made of the softener 1 that sets gradually, immersion system 2, the fibre separating machine 3 that comes unstuck, removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4 and washing fibre separating machine 5; In order to realize the automation transmission of ramie raw materials, softener 1 outlet of the present invention is arranged on immersion system 2 tops, and ramie raw materials enters in the immersion system device 2 after softener 1 machinery is rubbed the remove portion foreign material automatically; The present invention is also at immersion system 2 and come unstuck and be provided with feed roller 6 between the fibre separating machine 3, and the restraining function by feed roller 6 realizes immersion system 2 and the raw material transmission of coming unstuck between the fibre separating machine 3; Coming unstuck is provided with transfer roller 7 between fibre separating machine 3 and the removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4, and the raw material that comes unstuck between fibre separating machine 3 and the removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4 by the restraining function realization of transfer roller 7 transmits automatically; Be provided with traction roller 8 and carry roller 9 between removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4 and the washing fibre separating machine 5, traction roller 8 arranges near removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4, conveying roller 9 arranges near washing fibre separating machines 5, automatically transmits by the restraining function realization removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4 of traction roller 8 and conveying roller 9 and the raw material between the washing fibre separating machine 5.
In order better to realize goal of the invention, the present invention has carried out further optimization to the fibre separating machine 3 that comes unstuck, removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4 and washing fibre separating machine 5, is specially:
The fibre separating machine 3 of coming unstuck mainly is made of removal of impurities cylinder 31 and several worker rollers 32 of being arranged on removal of impurities cylinder 31 outer walls, described several worker rollers 32 consist of the worker rollers group, and the two ends of worker rollers group are respectively arranged with deflector chute 33 and shift hairbrush 34; Described deflector chute 33 is positioned at the front lower place of feed roller 6 one ends, and deflector chute 33 tops are provided with particulate matter and mix mouthfuls 37, and inside is provided with leads numb roller 35, and described transfer hairbrush 34 is close proximity to an end of transfer roller 7.
Removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4 is mainly by removal of impurities screen drum 41, removal of impurities hired roughneck 42 and be arranged on removal of impurities screen drum 41 and the dirt chamber 43 of removal of impurities hired roughneck 42 belows consists of; Described removal of impurities hired roughneck 42 is arranged on the porch of oscillatory type removal of impurities screen drum 41, and removal of impurities hired roughneck 42 is between removal of impurities screen drum 41 and transfer roller 7, and the outlet of described removal of impurities screen drum 41 is close proximity to an end of traction roller 8.
Washing fibre separating machine 5 mainly is made of body, the interior screen cloth 53 and the outer net-cloth 54 that are arranged on the retracting device 52 of organism bottom and are arranged on internal body, consists of washing cavities 55 between described interior screen cloth 53 and the outer net-cloth 54; The inside of described body also is provided with the spray equipment 56 that is positioned at outside the washing cavities 55, and carries roller 9 to be positioned at the top of body import, and the body exit is provided with dehydration pressure roller 57.
Ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming process as shown in Figure 2 may further comprise the steps:
(a) softening: ramie raw materials is fed softener 1 after machinery is rubbed the remove portion foreign material, and dish enters in the immersion system 2 into strips;
(b) dipping: deposited 8~12 hours to immersion system 2 interior injection maceration extracts, ramie raw materials is made low bath raio pretreatment; Maceration extract is formulated by NaOH 4~6%(o.w.f), alkylbenzenesulfonate 0.3~0.5%(o.w.f); Impregnation technology is: bath raio 1:2.8~3,90~100 ℃ of injection liquid temperature, 8~12 hours resting periods.
(c) open fibre: the ramie raw materials after impregnation process is sent into the fibre separating machine 3 that comes unstuck, removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4 and washing fibre separating machine 5 successively, and fibre is opened in the fibre that comes unstuck out, removal of impurities and fibre is opened in washing, and is specific as follows:
Fibre comes unstuck out: the ramie raw materials after the impregnation process pins down through feed roller 6 and feeds the fibre separating machine 3 that comes unstuck, and mix mouthful 37 places at this particulate matter that comes unstuck fibre separating machine 3 and evenly sneak into particulate matter 10, by carry out mechanical presses in removal of impurities cylinder 31 and the fine workspaces of coming unstuck out that many group worker rollers 32 form, rub, in length and breadth to opening fibre, make pectin substance progressively with fiber separation and removal, strip by shifting hairbrush 34 through the fine ramie raw materials of processing that tentatively comes unstuck out, pin down by transfer roller 7 and send into removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4;
Fibre is opened in removal of impurities: after ramie raw materials enters removal of impurities fibre separating machine 4, acting in conjunction by removal of impurities hired roughneck 42 and oscillatory type removal of impurities screen drum 41, make the fiber band that enters removal of impurities screen drum 41 constantly be hit, throw, fall, shake off and remove the foreign material that stick on the fiber, and pind down by the traction roller 8 in the place ahead and to send into washing fibre separating machine 5, the mesh that foreign material see through removal of impurities screen drum 41 falls into the dirt chamber 43 that is positioned at its underpart, reuse after the particulate matter 10 that wherein falls down is collected and processes;
Fibre is opened in washing: after fibrage enters washing fibre separating machine 5, under the clamping of interior screen cloth 53 and outer net-cloth 54, the intersection that is subject to spray equipment 56 inside and outside high-pressure injection current is impacted and cleaning, fully removes pectin and foreign material, decompose fiber, and roll through dehydration pressure roller 57 and to remove the part rinse water; The particulate matter 9 that washes out sinks to washing fibre separating machine 5 bottoms, reclaims after treatment reuse by retracting device 52.
(d) concise: as by auxiliary concise, again fiber to be sent into mechanization China grass degumming finishing process or the tradition finishing process that comes unstuck; Concise liquid is formulated by NaOH 0.5~0.7%(o.w.f), sodium sulfite 0.1~0.2%(o.w.f), detergent 0.2~0.3%(o.w.f); Refining process is: bath raio 1:12,95~100 ℃ of temperature, 1.5~2 hours time.
As mentioned above, just can realize preferably the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment is characterized in that, mainly is made of the softener that sets gradually (1), immersion system (2), the fibre separating machine that comes unstuck (3), removal of impurities fibre separating machine (4) and washing fibre separating machine (5); The outlet of described softener (1) is arranged on immersion system (2) top, be provided with feed roller (6) between immersion system (2) and the fibre separating machine that comes unstuck (3), coming unstuck is provided with transfer roller (7) between fibre separating machine (3) and the removal of impurities fibre separating machine (4), is provided with traction roller (8) between removal of impurities fibre separating machine (4) and the washing fibre separating machine (5) and carries roller (9); The described fibre separating machine that comes unstuck (3) mainly is made of removal of impurities cylinder (31) and several worker rollers (32) of being arranged on removal of impurities cylinder (31) outer wall, described several worker rollers (32) consist of the worker rollers group, and the entrance point of worker rollers group is provided with deflector chute (33), and the port of export is provided with and shifts hairbrush (34); Described deflector chute (33) is positioned at the front lower place of feed roller (6) one ends, and deflector chute (33) top is provided with particulate matter and mixes mouthful (37), inside is provided with leads numb roller (35), and described transfer hairbrush (34) is close proximity to an end of transfer roller (7).
2. ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described removal of impurities fibre separating machine (4) is mainly by removal of impurities screen drum (41), removal of impurities hired roughneck (42) and be arranged on removal of impurities screen drum (41) and the dirt chamber (43) of removal of impurities hired roughneck (42) below consists of; Described removal of impurities hired roughneck (42) is arranged on the porch of removal of impurities screen drum (41), and removal of impurities hired roughneck (42) is positioned between removal of impurities screen drum (41) and the transfer roller (7), and the outlet of described removal of impurities screen drum (41) is close proximity to an end of traction roller (8).
3. ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming production equipment according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described washing fibre separating machine (5) mainly by body, the interior screen cloth (53) and outer net-cloth (54) formation that are arranged on the retracting device (52) of organism bottom and are arranged on internal body, consists of washing cavities (55) between described interior screen cloth (53) and the outer net-cloth (54); Described internal body is provided with and is positioned at the outer spray equipment (56) of washing cavities (55), carries roller (9) to be arranged on the top of body import, and the body exit is provided with dehydration pressure roller (57).
4. ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming process is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(a) softening: ramie raw materials is fed softener (1) after machinery is rubbed the remove portion foreign material, and dish enters in the immersion system (2) into strips;
(b) dipping: deposited 8~12 hours to the interior maceration extract that injects of immersion system (2), ramie raw materials is made low bath raio pretreatment;
(c) open fibre: the ramie raw materials after impregnation process is sent into the fibre separating machine that comes unstuck (3), removal of impurities fibre separating machine (4) and washing fibre separating machine (5) successively, and fibre is opened in the fibre that comes unstuck out, removal of impurities and fibre is opened in washing;
(d) concise: as by auxiliary concise, again fiber sent into mechanization China grass degumming finishing process or entered the tradition finishing process that comes unstuck;
Fibre comes unstuck out: the ramie raw materials after the impregnation process pins down through feed roller (6) and feeds the fibre separating machine (3) that comes unstuck, and mix mouthful (37) at the particulate matter of this fibre separating machine that comes unstuck (3) and locate evenly to sneak into particulate matter (10), by carrying out mechanical presses in removal of impurities cylinder (31) and the fine workspace of coming unstuck out that many group worker rollers (32) form, rub, in length and breadth to opening fibre, make pectin substance progressively with fiber separation and removal, strip by shifting hairbrush (34) through the fine ramie raw materials of processing that tentatively comes unstuck out, pin down by transfer roller (7) and send into removal of impurities fibre separating machine (4).
5. ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming process according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the described step (b), maceration extract is formulated by NaOH 4~6%(o.w.f), alkylbenzenesulfonate 0.3~0.5%(o.w.f); Impregnation technology is: bath raio 1:2.8~3,90~100 ℃ of injection liquid temperature, 8~12 hours resting periods.
6. ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming process according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in the described step (d), concise liquid is formulated by NaOH 0.5~0.7%(o.w.f), sodium sulfite 0.1~0.2%(o.w.f), detergent 0.2~0.3%(o.w.f); Refining process is: bath raio 1:12,95~100 ℃ of temperature, 1.5~2 hours time.
7. according to claim 4,5 or 6 described ramie simple and fast mechanical degumming process, it is characterized in that, in the described step (c):
Fibre is opened in removal of impurities: after ramie raw materials enters removal of impurities fibre separating machine (4), acting in conjunction by removal of impurities hired roughneck (42) and removal of impurities screen drum (41), make the fiber band that enters oscillatory type removal of impurities screen drum (41) constantly be hit, throw, fall, shake off and remove the foreign material that stick on the fiber, and by the traction roller (8) in the place ahead with carry roller (9) to pin down and send into washing fibre separating machine (5), the mesh that foreign material see through removal of impurities screen drum (41) falls into the dirt chamber (43) that is positioned at its underpart, reuse after the particulate matter that falls (10) is collected and processes;
Fibre is opened in washing: after fibrage enters washing fibre separating machine (5), under the clamping of interior screen cloth (53) and outer net-cloth (54), the intersection that is subject to the inside and outside high-pressure injection current of spray equipment (56) is impacted and cleaning, fully remove pectin and foreign material, decompose fiber, and roll through dehydration pressure roller (57) and to remove the part rinse water; The particulate matter that washes out (10) sinks to washing fibre separating machine (5) bottom, is reclaimed after treatment reuse by retracting device (52).
CN 201110206664 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Simple, quick and mechanical degumming production equipment and process for ramie Active CN102268824B (en)

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CN110512290A (en) * 2018-05-22 2019-11-29 句容市华冠服帽厂 A kind of combination degumming method of mulberry fibre
CN110512289A (en) * 2018-05-22 2019-11-29 句容市华冠服帽厂 A kind of degumming tech of ramee
CN110359141B (en) * 2019-06-24 2021-06-04 湖南华升株洲雪松有限公司 Raw ramie spun yarn and manufacturing method thereof
CN110616526A (en) * 2019-09-29 2019-12-27 德宏电子(苏州)有限公司 Fiber opening process
CN110804764A (en) * 2019-11-21 2020-02-18 台州市旭泓服饰有限公司 Method for deep unbinding of hemp textile fibers through rigid salt assisted fracturing

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CN1051950A (en) * 1990-10-30 1991-06-05 四川省大竹县苎麻纺织公司 One step method of production of ramie plied yarn and segmental dyeing method
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