CN102249384A - Treatment technology for small runoff and heavily-polluted river branches - Google Patents
Treatment technology for small runoff and heavily-polluted river branches Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment technology for small runoff and heavily-polluted river branches. The technology is characterized by the processes of: blocking a river to set a drop dam, in front of which a dirt accommodating pit is digged, and the dirt accommodating pit is in connection with the drop dam; determining a certain distance in front of the dirt accommodating pit for hanging and immersing a slow release medicine package on the basis of a large flocculating unit forming before currents arriving the drop dam, and installing a spoiler between the slow release medicine package hanging and immersing point and the dirt accommodating pit for perturbing the currents so as to improve the flocculation efficiency, so that pollutant colloids, dissolved phosphorus or solid pollutants in the water body can be flocculated before reaching the drop dam and the generated flocculating unit, when blocked by the drop dam, sinks to the dirt accommodating pit so as to be removed at a fixed point, leaving the upper clear water that undergoes flocculation to overflow the drop dam and move ahead. And the forward moving currents also provide a water body oxygen enriching function. The technology of the invention can obviously improve the water quality and greatly reduce the river branch treatment cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated river.
Background technology
The river gushes that to administer be an international environmental protection difficult problem, only gushes with Guang Zhouhe that to administer engineering be example: spent 48,600,000,000 yuan so far in 2008, it is not good enough to produce effects, and still plans the administering of 87,200,000,000 pairs of in 5 years investments at present.Existing domestic and international successful case all will have two prerequisites substantially: 1. run-off is big or have diversion works can wash away mud; 2. realize cutting the dirty engineering of administering.Auxiliary on this basis with biological river levee, biological floating island, aeration, methods such as microorganism reparation can further be improved water quality.Because diversion brings the downstream source of pollution towards the silt meeting, whether science remains in objection method, and the diversion cost is quite high, easily obviously changes environment, and therefore external at present main the employing cut a dirty engineering+sewage work and administered, and is respond well but invest huge.
Path stream heavily contaminated river is gushed and mainly is distributed in the resident compact district, and enormous amount is removed and admitted resident living draining even part industry, and commercial water often has both flood fighting water drainage function outward.Because of the riverway sludge accumulation is serious usually a little less than the water body scouring force; Because of biomass is few, dissolved oxygen is low to cause water body self-purification ability poor; Because of space great in constructing amount causes being difficult for effectively laying the conventional dirty pipe network that cuts for a short time; As adopt external moisturizing to wash away, not only quantities is great and the planning difficulty.Path stream heavily contaminated river is gushed present domestic shortage and is successfully administered case, often can only be converted into closed conduit, but the corresponding problem that exists closed conduit to stop up difficult cleaning.Such river is gushed and is not to only depend on conventional biological method to administer, typical case is gushed for Guangzhou Chi Gang, gush for gushing in typical path stream heavily contaminated river in this river, although the river is gushed and has been adopted biological river levee and wetland in the improvement in the recent period, microbial film, several different methods such as bed mud processing, and the organism of these methods is all in shape, but this river is gushed still and to be black smelly bad 5 class water quality at present, confirms that conventional biotechnology can only slow down pollution on a small quantity.Improve biomass though can lay aeration pump in a large number in theory, the corresponding expense of bringing is huge, the problem that management is difficult.Urgent need is set up a kind of cost and is gushed far below the path stream heavily contaminated river of existing method and administer technology and deal with.
Summary of the invention
The improvement technology that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of path stream heavily contaminated river to gush.The invention belongs to the professional gordian technique that middle and small river is administered.The present invention can obviously increase water quality, and has reduced the river very significantly and has gushed treatment cost.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
A kind of path flows the improvement technology that gush in the heavily contaminated river, and barrage is provided with the drop dam in gush in conventional river, dig before the drop dam and hold dirty hole, and the dirty hole of appearance is connected with the drop dam; Flocs unit is that the preceding certain distance extension in the dirty hole of the definite appearance of benchmark soaks the slowly-releasing cartridge bag to have formed greatly before the current arrival drop dam, and hang at the slowly-releasing cartridge bag and to soak a little and holds that the installation interceptor makes current generation disturbance between dirty the hole, to improve flocculation efficiency, thereby make pollutent colloid in the water body, dissolved phosphorus or solid state pollutent are flocculated before arriving the drop dam, flocs unit is subjected to dropping sinking to after the dam stops and holds dirty hole so that targeted elimination, more clear water overflow is crossed the drop dam and is moved ahead after the upper strata flocculation, and the current that move ahead make the drop dam that water body oxygenation function is provided simultaneously.(generally annual runoff less than 1 billion cubic meter call path stream river, common river brook, rural area, city just belongs to this class.Heavily contaminated is to say that quality of river water is in bad 5 classes)
Described drop dam and hold dirty hole and adopt 2 groups of above series connection to be provided with is when particularly relatively poor or water volume flow rate is very fast when water quality.
The satchel quantity regulating of described slowly-releasing cartridge bag is so that slowly-releasing flocculation agent dissolution rate is the 0.001-0.1% of run-off is as the criterion.
Preferred so that the slowly-releasing flocculation agent dissolution rate of the satchel quantity regulating of described slowly-releasing cartridge bag is that the 0.002-0.03% of run-off is as the criterion.
Described slowly-releasing cartridge bag contains the slowly-releasing flocculation agent and the material of getting angry, and cartridge bag sack employing cotton etc. can be made by hydrophilic porous cloth, size and quantity by aperture on the cloth bag reach the slowly-releasing purpose, also can reach better slowly-releasing purpose to the cloth bag local gluing again, play the dissolution rate of regulating the slowly-releasing flocculation agent; Wherein the slowly-releasing flocculation agent adopts one or more in inorganic flocculating agent and the organic floculant; Wherein inorganic flocculating agent adopts molysite, aluminium salt; Organic floculant is the general polyacrylamide (PAM) that adopts that reduces cost; The described material of getting angry gushes the biological group living environment and generally adopts hydrogen material or the oxygen material of getting angry of getting angry for avoiding damaging the river; Wherein the get angry amount ratio of material and inorganic flocculating agent, by weight, the material of getting angry: inorganic flocculating agent=1: 10-1: 1000; The get angry amount ratio of material and organic floculant, by weight, the material of getting angry: organic floculant=1: 20-1: 500.
Described molysite adopts iron(ic) chloride, a kind of or mixture in the ferric sulfate, and described aluminium salt adopts Tai-Ace S 150, a kind of or mixture in the aluminum chloride; The described hydrogen material of getting angry adopts aluminium, iron, a kind of in magnesium and the magnesium base composite material.
Described magnesium base composite material is magnesium carbon composite powder or magnesium iron composite powder end, and compound principle is to make magnesium become the anode of galvanic cell, to improve magnesium and water response capacity; The described oxygen material of getting angry adopts a kind of in calcium peroxide and the Magnesium peroxide.Use magnesium powder or magnesium base composite material to be the material of getting angry for avoiding sluggish and medicine to decompose the organic slow-release cartridge bag.
Describedly arrive with current that to have formed big flocs unit before the drop dam be that benchmark is meant that water body runs into slowly-releasing flocculation agent to the time that flow to the drop dam and was controlled at 0.5-5 minute.Overlong time will find that the part flocs unit can sink to the riverbed rather than lower floor cheats to holding dirt.
It is to form whirlpool in water body that described interceptor is provided with effect, sinuous flow, and baffling etc., purpose makes medicament and water body thorough mixing, runs foul of each other between the flocs unit to grow up and move downward as far as possible.
Usually install level or tilted-putted fine fack or grid on the described drop dam additional,, further increase water quality to increase the drop oxygenation effect; When effluent quality is relatively poor, hang and soak hydrogen peroxide slowly-releasing cartridge bag or calcium peroxide slowly-releasing cartridge bag is that water body replenishes oxygenation, make the bed mud anaerobic bacteria flora eliminate stink for the oxygen flora of holding concurrently falls to substituting gradually; Or at drop dam dam crest, the dam side adds kind of each kind of plant, doublely plays the effect of blocking dirty band and biological wetland.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: utilize technology of the present invention to gush in the improvement in path stream heavily contaminated river, can obviously increase water quality, cost is far below building sewage work, its effect is equivalent to the one-level materialization of municipal sewage plant and handles, and the drop dam---the riverbed that holds behind the dirty hole/slowly-releasing flocculation agent assembly reduces because of contamination level, dissolved oxygen increase and play the secondary biochemical treatment effect of sewage work; Because pollutent is fixed a point to precipitate, and maximum amplitude has reduced training of channel number of times, only need the periodic replacement slow-releasing agent and allow environmental sanitation department suction mud in holding the dirt hole get final product simultaneously.Most important advantage is that need not carry out diversion washes away, and has reduced the river very significantly and has gushed treatment cost.This technology can with existing various conventional governance approach such as aeration, the chinampa, microbial film, microbial treatments etc. are used.Gush in the river that also can be applied to big runoff, (run-off in 1 billion cubic meter/every year on the general custom) gushes for big runoff river, can adopt in theory river course multiple tracks shunting is set in the locality---the river is gushed be split into several strands of rivers and gush, in these rivers gush, use technology of the present invention to handle then, reach the purification purpose that gush in big runoff river.For reducing the influence to the navigation channel, the drop dam can adopt low bar gate type structure.Utilize technology of the present invention, auxiliary with oxidation ditch, wetland forms three grades of improvement, can effectively carry out water quality improvement to going into the land stream, lake in theory, is the novel method that the pollution point source had a clear superiority in administering during repaired in ocean and lake.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is near the discharge channel teachers college, Quanzhou, and water quality is apparent to be 5 classes, muddy blackout, slight peculiar smell, the about 0.02 cube of meter per second of flow.Build with sandbag near sewage draining exit and block canal drop dam, dam crest is from 0.2 meter of the conventional water surface, parallel placement wire netting and stretch out dam crest to increase the drop oxygenation effect on the dam.(can also hang when effluent quality is relatively poor that to soak hydrogen peroxide slowly-releasing cartridge bag or calcium peroxide be that water body replenishes oxygenation, make the bed mud anaerobic bacteria flora eliminate stink for the oxygen flora of holding concurrently falls to substituting gradually.Also can be at drop dam dam crest, the dam side adds kind of each kind of plant, doublely plays the effect of blocking dirty band and biological wetland.) dig before the dam and hold dirty hole, and holding dirty hole links to each other with the drop dam, to have formed big flocs unit before the current arrival drop dam is that benchmark is determined the distance of satchel apart from the drop dam, be water body run into the slowly-releasing flocculation agent to flow to the drop dam time be controlled at 0.5-5 minute, present embodiment is hung apart from preceding 10 meters, drop dam and is soaked slowly-releasing Tai-Ace S 150 cartridge bag and slowly-releasing cationic polyacrylamide, control satchel quantity makes slowly-releasing Tai-Ace S 150 dissolution rate be about 0.03% of run-off, and slowly-releasing cationic PAM dissolution rate is about 0.002% of run-off.V shape sheet interceptor is distributed in the water body between cartridge bag and the dam, and v shape sheet interceptor is provided with 6, per 3 one group of total cross sections that are distributed in discharge channel, and the degree angles are oblique settles down towards dam body direction 30 for the v face, make current press down disturbance, to improve flocculation efficiency.
Slowly-releasing cartridge bag bag material uses general flour bag to tailor, and (cotton system can absorb water.The sack that can not absorb water facts have proved and can not use) become strip, about 20 centimetres of diameter, slowly-releasing flocculation agent and foaming agent simply to mix the loose encircling sack of packing in back.Experimental results show that slowly-releasing cartridge bag size shape can arbitrarily change.Size and quantity by aperture on the cloth bag reach the slowly-releasing purpose, also can reach better slowly-releasing purpose to the cloth bag local gluing again.
The material of getting angry in the slowly-releasing Tai-Ace S 150 cartridge bag is 200 order aluminium powders, and consumption is 1/200 of a Tai-Ace S 150.
The material of getting angry in the slowly-releasing cationic polyacrylamide bag is 50 order magnesium powder, and consumption is 1/100 of a polyacrylamide.
The back water body that discharges water forms on the drop dam and is jammed, the water body phenomenon of obviously flocculating, and before large-scale flocs unit was intercepted at the drop dam, clear water overflowed from dam crest and falls.Water outlet COD drops to 300mg/l from 760mg/l, and dissolved oxygen rises to 4mg/l from 2.5mg/l.The no obvious peculiar smell of fetching water.Before next sewage draining exit, water is limpid always from the drop dam.The technology of present embodiment can obviously be increased water quality, and has reduced the river very significantly and has gushed treatment cost.
Experimental results show that: then flocs unit is tiny not use the slowly-releasing cationic PAM simultaneously, and part is overflowed from dam crest with clear water; The artificial bath strengthened run-off, finds to need to increase the amount of slowly-releasing cationic PAM, or the sets of numbers in increase drop dam/dirty hole of appearance could guarantee that flocs unit does not overflow with clear water.Clarifying effect descends gradually cartridge bag continues about 1 week in water after, and the cartridge bag blow-up is floated in the water surface, and inner medicament becomes solution substantially.The bag back continuation of changing dressings is clarified.Flocs unit forms a large amount of bulk mud in holding dirty hole, channel has a small amount of deposition between slowly-releasing cartridge bag and the drop dam.
Slightly yellow when use iron(ic) chloride water colour, the COD removal effect is better but reagent consumption is very fast, and doubting is that aluminium powder is in slowly-releasing cartridge bag and ferric chloride Solution reaction aerogenesis excessive velocities; It is not good to use the bodied ferric sulfate test effect instead, finds to have in the slowly-releasing cartridge bag a large amount of brown ceramic powders to stop up the fiber aperture of slowly-releasing bag (general cotton bag), should be the bodied ferric sulfate hydrolysate; Effect is similar with use Tai-Ace S 150 when using aluminum chloride, gets final product but dosing is about 2/3 of use Tai-Ace S 150; Use the ferric sulfate treatment effect and use iron(ic) chloride similar, but consumption is about 1.5 times of iron(ic) chloride.So judgement should use the dissolving back not have slag substantially and the slower slowly-releasing flocculation agent of hydrolysis loads the slowly-releasing cartridge bag.
As not adding foaming agent, promptly find after 1 hour to cover thickness mud on the cartridge bag in the slowly-releasing cartridge bag, cartridge bag can't effectively be worked.Added that medicine stripping at most is too fast to cause waste.Can certainly in the inorganic flocculating agent cartridge bag, add the iron powder material of getting angry; If improve as get angry medicine then raising rate with magnesium base composite material (as magnesium carbon composite powder or magnesium iron composite powder end etc.) in the cationic polyacrylamide slowly-releasing cartridge bag in addition.
Change cartridge bag and hang in the immersion mode for directly losing during cartridge bag intakes, find that the water body flocculation is still effective, if but do not add weight in the cartridge bag, and cartridge bag can float and waft after the interior more than half stripping of medicine of cartridge bag, and the material of getting angry in the cartridge bag simultaneously should suitably increase can avoid mud to cover cartridge bag.
Take interceptor rear section flocs unit away and do not sink, overflow the drop dam.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is that the small-sized tidal Zhi Yong in Jinjiang is gone in gulf, Quanzhou.Tidal front and back water surface elevation differs about about 1 meter.Apparent bad 5 classes of water quality at ebb tide, muddy black smelly, the about 0.1 cube of meter per second of flow is difficult to measure flow at the incoming tide, the apparent 4-5 class of water quality.Become 2 roads drops dam with the sandbag barrage, 10 meters of dam spacings are dug one dark about 1 meter, run through the dirty hole of appearance of full river bed cross section, and do not compare high about 0.5 meter and 0.3 meter of the water surface before the barrage.To have formed big flocs unit before the current arrival drop dam is that benchmark is determined the distance of satchel apart from the drop dam, be water body run into the slowly-releasing flocculation agent to flow to the drop dam time be controlled at 0.5-5 minute, present embodiment water working direction is along the river lost cartridge bag into a plurality of band ropes apart from drop both sides, 20 meters preceding streams of group, dam, cartridge bag profile and packing material are with embodiment 1., but fill out heavily (that is to say that cartridge bag the inside adorned a stone more and gained in weight, not so the medicament dissolving most of after that sack to float).Control cartridge bag quantity makes slowly-releasing iron(ic) chloride dissolution rate be about the 0.03-0.04% of run-off, and slowly-releasing cationic PAM dissolution rate is about 0.002% of run-off.The cartridge bag (only hang slowly-releasing iron(ic) chloride and do not carry additionally the slowly-releasing cationic polyacrylamide) of drop group back, dam same specification be suspended on the water surface (near but do not enter water body), tilt forward and back with commercially available Glass Steel Tile and to hang up flow-disturbing pressure flocs unit in the water.
Slowly-releasing flocculation medicament is an iron(ic) chloride, and foaming agent is calcium peroxide or Magnesium peroxide, the two amount ratio 10: 1.Calcium peroxide or Magnesium peroxide are similarly slowly-releasing packing (slowly-releasing packing, just being meant that they also are contained in the beanbag of local gluing reinstalls in the slowly-releasing flocculation agent cloth bag, not so the speed of response of calcium peroxide and iron(ic) chloride is quite fast, beanbag glue is coated with to such an extent that area is big more, the speed that ferric chloride Solution infiltrates is just more little, with controlling venting speed like this, this technology equally also is used in the release rate of controlling slow release flocculation medicament) a plurality of little slowly-releasings packings are in the slowly-releasing cartridge bag that iron(ic) chloride is packed into big.Slowly-releasing cartridge bag material uses general flour bag to tailor, and (cotton system can absorb water.The sack that can not absorb water facts have proved and can not use) become strip, about 20 centimetres of diameter, slowly-releasing flocculation agent and foaming agent simply to mix the loose encircling sack of packing in back.Experimental results show that slowly-releasing cartridge bag size shape can arbitrarily change.The slowly-releasing cartridge bag reaches the slowly-releasing purpose by the size and the quantity in aperture on the cloth bag, also can reach better slowly-releasing purpose to the cloth bag local gluing again.
Batch process in 5 days, every day, choosing ebb and duration of tide were hung medicine, hung about 30 minutes of medicine time.Hang medicine stage observed result: find that at ebb tide a large amount of throw outs appear in river, basic clear water overflows by drop dam group and enters Jinjiang; The water of Zhi Yong obviously becomes limpid to find to flow backwards in Jinjiang at the incoming tide, and the tidewater burnt hair is black originally.Stop experiment after 5 days, find group upstream, dam one side that drops, a large amount of mud occur in the middle of the drop dam group, a side mud of refluence water inlet that flood tide is piled up not obvious, doubts to be taken away by tidewater.The technology of present embodiment can obviously be increased water quality, and has reduced the river very significantly and has gushed treatment cost.
Get gulf, Quanzhou seawater and carry out flocculating experiment and find that will reach the fresh water same effect, then aluminium salt molysite is all available, but the cationic polyacrylamide consumption obviously increases, so present embodiment only uses iron(ic) chloride slowly-releasing cartridge bag in the test that gush in rising tide inwelling river.
The detergent power in riverbed after needs improve hole, dam structure treatment, need be to water body oxygenation, dissolved oxygen is adjusted to 4mg/l when above, usually just need before holding dirty hole, also hang and be soaked with hydrogen peroxide slowly-releasing cartridge bag or calcium peroxide, make the bed mud anaerobic bacteria flora eliminate stink for the oxygen flora of holding concurrently falls to substituting gradually.And gush when the very anxious river of current, gush in the river of analogy present embodiment, and the water body dissolved oxygen is generally enough, so can not hang.
Claims (9)
1. a path flows the improvement technology that gush in the heavily contaminated river, and it is characterized in that: barrage is provided with the drop dam in gush in conventional river, dig before the drop dam and hold dirty hole, and the dirty hole of appearance is connected with the drop dam; Flocs unit is that the preceding certain distance extension in the dirty hole of the definite appearance of benchmark soaks the slowly-releasing cartridge bag to have formed greatly before the current arrival drop dam, and hang at the slowly-releasing cartridge bag and to soak a little and holds that the installation interceptor makes current generation disturbance between dirty the hole, to improve flocculation efficiency, thereby make pollutent colloid in the water body, dissolved phosphorus or solid state pollutent are flocculated before arriving the drop dam, flocs unit is subjected to dropping sinking to after the dam stops and holds dirty hole so that targeted elimination, more clear water overflow is crossed the drop dam and is moved ahead after the upper strata flocculation, and the current that move ahead make the drop dam that water body oxygenation function is provided simultaneously.
2. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 1 river, it is characterized in that: the dirty hole of described drop dam and appearance adopts 2 groups of above series connection to be provided with.
3. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 1 river is characterized in that: the satchel quantity regulating of described slowly-releasing cartridge bag is so that slowly-releasing flocculation agent dissolution rate is the 0.001-0.1% of run-off is as the criterion.
4. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 3 river is characterized in that: the satchel quantity regulating of described slowly-releasing cartridge bag is so that slowly-releasing flocculation agent dissolution rate is the 0.002-0.03% of run-off is as the criterion.
5. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 3 river, it is characterized in that: described slowly-releasing cartridge bag contains the slowly-releasing flocculation agent and the material of getting angry, and the cartridge bag sack adopts and can make by hydrophilic porous cloth, and size and quantity by aperture on the cloth bag reach the slowly-releasing purpose; The slowly-releasing flocculation agent adopts one or more in inorganic flocculating agent and the organic floculant; Wherein inorganic flocculating agent adopts molysite, aluminium salt; Organic floculant adopts polyacrylamide; Wherein the get angry amount ratio of material and inorganic flocculating agent, by weight, the material of getting angry: inorganic flocculating agent=1: 10-1: 1000; The get angry amount ratio of material and organic floculant, by weight, the material of getting angry: organic floculant=1: 20-1: 500.
6. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 5 river, it is characterized in that: described molysite adopts iron(ic) chloride, a kind of or mixture in the ferric sulfate, described aluminium salt adopts Tai-Ace S 150, a kind of or mixture in the aluminum chloride; The described hydrogen material of getting angry adopts aluminium, iron, a kind of in magnesium and the magnesium base composite material; The described oxygen material of getting angry adopts a kind of in calcium peroxide and the Magnesium peroxide.
7. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 6 river is characterized in that: described magnesium base composite material is a kind of in magnesium carbon composite powder or the magnesium iron composite powder end; The organic slow-release cartridge bag selects for use magnesium powder or magnesium base composite material to be the material of getting angry.
8. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 1 river is characterized in that: describedly arrive with current that to have formed big flocs unit before the drop dam be that benchmark is meant that water body runs into slowly-releasing flocculation agent to the time that flow to the drop dam and was controlled at 0.5-5 minute.
9. the improvement technology that gush in a kind of path stream heavily contaminated as claimed in claim 1 river is characterized in that: install level or tilted-putted fine fack or grid on the described drop dam usually additional, to increase the drop oxygenation effect, further increase water quality; When effluent quality is relatively poor, hang and soak hydrogen peroxide or calcium peroxide is that water body replenishes oxygenation, make the bed mud anaerobic bacteria flora eliminate stink for the oxygen flora of holding concurrently falls to substituting gradually; Or at drop dam dam crest, the dam side adds kind of each kind of plant, doublely plays the effect of blocking dirty band and biological wetland.
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CN104773840A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Slow-release compound flocculant for reducing acidity of mine water |
CN104773897A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-15 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Coast lack-odor river channel water quality in-situ remediation system |
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