CN102246628B - Rain collecting and fertilizer applying method for trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rain collecting and fertilizer applying method for trees, which comprises the following steps: planting contiguous trees with tractor roads between, and making ridges at the positions of the projections of the outer edges of tree crowns, wherein the ridges form a row of grooves in a traverse direction of the trees; digging water collecting pits near blow the outer edge of the projections of the tree crowns and above the grooves; covering the projections of the tree crows with plastic thin films, wherein the upper part of the plastic thin films are consistent with the upper outer edges of the projections of the tree crows and the lower part of the plastic films cover the grooves and the water collecting pits; and opening holes in the plastic films above the water collecting pits for collecting rain. In the invention, a rain-collecting, evaporation-resistance, leakage-resistance and multi-storage high-efficiency rain utilization system is formed by using the common plastic thin films, fertilizer and water can be fed at the same time with the water collecting pits, and the method has the effects of saving water and fertilizer, facilitating harvest, avoiding weeding and the like.

Description

A method for collecting rainwater and fertilizing trees

technical field

The invention relates to an agricultural water-saving fertilization method, in particular to a rain-collection and fertilization method for trees, in particular to a method for rain-collection and fertilization of jujube gardens in mountainous or sloping lands based on plastic films.

Background technique

Jujube is my country's largest dry fruit tree species and one of the most representative national fruit trees. The national cultivation area has reached more than 20 million mu, with an annual output of more than 3 billion kilograms. , the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, the Luliang Mountains in Shanxi, the sandy areas of the old course of the Yellow River in Henan, and many national-level poor counties, old revolutionary bases, and ethnic areas in Xinjiang, Ningxia, Yunnan, and Guangxi. The income of the jujube industry accounts for more than 50% of the total income of farmers. At present, there are about 8-10 million people in the country who rely on the jujube industry as their main source of income.

Generally, jujube trees need sufficient water during the flowering period, fruit expansion period and coloring period, otherwise the yield and quality will be seriously affected. However, my country is a country with serious water shortage, and arid and semi-arid areas account for 2/3 of the total area. At present, drought and water shortage have become one of the important factors restricting the development of jujube industry. Taking Shanxi as an example, the average annual rainfall is 500 millimeters, but about 400 milliliters of rainfall is lost into the air by natural evaporation and runoff, and is lost outside the region. 100 milliliters, it is far from sufficient water source for crops during the whole growth period, especially in mountainous and sloping lands and other natural conditions, rainwater is used less efficiently. The water harvesting agriculture of "storage" has important practical significance.

How to apply water harvesting technology to the micro-habitat ecosystem under the condition of crop supplementation and solve the optimal regulation of the unified relationship between rainfall-crop-environment is the key to realize the efficient use of rainwater.

Simultaneous supply of fertilizer and water is an important technology for water-saving irrigation at present. Fertilizer irrigates plants with water, which saves both water and fertilizer. The combination of water harvesting, water-saving technology and fertilization technology will be an effective way to solve the fertilizer and water demand of jujube trees.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting rain and fertilizing trees, especially a method for collecting rain and fertilizing jujube gardens in mountainous and slope lands based on plastic films.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A method for collecting rainwater and fertilizing trees, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

A. The trees are contiguous, and there are organic farming paths between the trees, and ridges are formed at the projection of the outer edge of the crown, and the ridges form a row of grooves along the transverse direction of the trees;

B. A sump is respectively dug below the outer edge of the crown projection and above the groove;

C. cover tree crown projection with plastic film, the top of described plastic film is consistent with the upper outer edge of tree crown projection, and the bottom of described plastic film covers groove and sump;

D. Make holes in the plastic film above the sump for rainwater collection.

Preferably, the trees are jujube gardens growing in mountains or slopes.

Preferably, the ridges are formed at 0-20 cm from the projection of the outer edge of the crown, and the height of the ridges is 20-30 cm.

Preferably, the sump is set at 50-100 centimeters away from the main root of the jujube tree, and its size is 20-40 centimeters in diameter and 40-60 centimeters in height.

Preferably, plant stalks and hardwood are bound in the sump as a skeleton, and stones are pressed above the sump.

Preferably, the rocks are phosphate rock or potassium ore.

Preferably, a circular plastic film is laid on the bottom of the sump, and the diameter of the circular plastic film is 20 cm larger than that of the sump.

Preferably, step E is also included. When fertilizing, the fertilizer is directly placed at the mouth of the sump pit and washed in with a small amount of water; or poured into a solution; or the fertilizer is placed at the mouth of the sump pit in advance before it rains.

Preferably, farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are put into the sump as base fertilizer.

According to the above technical solutions, the present invention jointly builds a rainwater efficient utilization system from multiple aspects:

1) To collect runoff, the sump is lower than the surrounding terrain, and the rainwater can be fully collected by using plastic film and grooves;

2) Anti-evaporation, plastic film can be used to prevent water from evaporating, and covering the top of the puddle with stones is also beneficial to prevent water from evaporating. In addition, the straw at the bottom of the puddle also has the effect of holding water;

3) Anti-leakage, the bottom of the sump is covered with a plastic film, which is beneficial to prevent the rainwater from spreading to the surroundings, so that the roots can fully absorb water;

4) More storage, each sump can store more than 20 kg of water;

5) Compensation system, when there is drought and insufficient rainwater collection, the water source can be artificially replenished in the sump pit, so that the jujube tree has sufficient water source during the whole growth period.

Simultaneous supply of fertilizer and water is an important technology of water-saving irrigation at present. On the basis of sufficient water source, the present invention can directly place the fertilizer at the mouth of the sump pit, wash it in with a small amount of water, or pour it into a solution, or pour it in when it rains. The fertilizer is placed at the mouth of the water accumulation pit in advance, so that the simultaneous supply of fertilizer and water can be basically realized, and the function of fertilization can also be realized by using the sump pit.

The invention is suitable for large-scale artificial jujube gardens, solves the problem of water and fertilizer storage and supply for jujube gardens in mountains or slopes, and has the characteristics of simple manufacture, convenient construction, and high-efficiency utilization of water and fertilizer.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of:

1) Making full use of the precious natural resources of rainwater, a high-efficiency rainwater utilization system of "anti-evaporation, runoff collection, anti-leakage, and multi-storage" has been constructed. There is sufficient water supply during the whole growth period of jujube tree;

2) Provide fertilizer and water to jujube trees through the water accumulation pit, which is conducive to saving water and fertilizer, and is consistent with the principle of simultaneous supply of fertilizer and water advocated by current water-saving irrigation technology;

3) The laying of plastic film can also prevent the growth of weeds, and the jujube tree can roll into the groove when it is shaken down, which is convenient for harvesting, and the water saving and fertilization are very operable. These can reduce the labor intensity of farmers and provide labor. efficiency;

4) The cost is low. The average cost of laying plastic film per mu of jujube trees is about 100 yuan, and the service life is 2-3 years. It is comparable to the existing drip irrigation device, fertilization tank, water storage tank, etc. water collection and fertilization technology than, the price is cheaper;

5) Applicability is stronger. The present invention is particularly suitable for areas with poor water resources such as mountains and slopes, and the income of the jujube industry in these areas accounts for 50% of the total income. The effective use of the present invention will produce important practical significance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front schematic view of the method system of tree water collection and fertilization of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the tree water collection and fertilization method system of the present invention.

Among them, 1-trees, 2-canopy, 3-machine farming road, 4-ground, 5-plastic film, 6-sump, 7-stone.

Detailed ways

In order to further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the content of the present invention is described in detail as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The invention discloses a method for collecting rainwater and fertilizing trees. The method comprises the following steps: the trees are connected, and the trees are organically cultivated, and ridges are formed at the projections of the outer edges of the crowns, and the ridges are along the transverse direction of the trees. A row of grooves is formed; below the outer edge of the crown projection and above the groove, a sump is respectively dug; the crown projection is covered with a plastic film, and the top of the plastic film is consistent with the upper outer edge of the crown projection , the bottom of the plastic film covers the groove and the sump; the plastic film above the sump is perforated for rainwater collection.

Among them, the tree water collection and fertilization method disclosed by the invention is suitable for jujube gardens growing in mountains or slopes. Described ridging is at the 0-20 centimeter place of crown outer edge projection, and the height of this ridge is 20-30 centimetre; The width of described plastic film is advisable with greater than tree crown; Described sump is arranged at Jujube tree main root 50-100 centimeters, the size is 20-40 centimeters in diameter, 40-60 centimeters in height, preferably 30 centimeters in diameter, 50 centimeters in height; Use plant straw and hardwood to bind as skeleton in the sump; Described plant Straw includes rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, autumn miscellaneous grains, and weeds, etc. Hardwood includes jujube wood, fruit trees, forest trees, etc.; there are stones pressed above the sump, which are phosphate or potassium ore; The bottom of the sump is also laid with a circular plastic film, and the diameter of the circular plastic film is about 20 centimeters larger than the diameter of the sump;

According to the present invention, when fertilizing, the fertilizer can be directly placed at the mouth of the sump pit and washed in with a small amount of water; or it can be made into a solution and poured in; or the fertilizer can be placed at the mouth of the sump pit in advance before it rains. When using it for the first time, farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be put into the sump as base fertilizer.

By using the technical solution of the present invention, each tree can have at least a 2m ² rain collection area, which can ensure that 20 kilograms of theoretical water can be collected when 10 mm of light rain falls.

The present invention has been tested at Tugetai Jujube Tree Base in Wangjiawa Village, Shilou County, Shanxi Province. This area is a typical arid and semi-arid mountainous area with harsh natural conditions. The width of the plastic film is 2m; the diameter of the sump is 30cm, and the depth is 50cm. In the sump, corn stalks and jujube wood are bundled as a skeleton and a layer of circular plastic film is laid at the bottom; the height of the groove is 30cm, and the jujube The average distance between trees is 2m; the base fertilizer for each jujube tree is: 3Kg of farmyard manure, 2Kg of Shanda Wofeng bio-organic fertilizer, 0.5Kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 0.25Kg of urea. The tested varieties are Zanhuang jujube and handsome jujube. Under the same conditions of climatic conditions and fertilization rate, the yield per mu of contrast is 192Kg and 175Kg respectively, but the yield per mu of this method has reached 280Kg and 245Kg respectively, and the yield has increased respectively. 45.8% and 40%, the economic benefits are very obvious and have been fully affirmed by local farmers.

Though experiment is carried out with jujube tree as example, can be generalized to all trees, those of ordinary skill in the art can be generalized to all trees by technical scheme of the present invention.

Finally, it should also be noted that what is listed above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All modifications directly derived or associated by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in the present invention shall be considered as included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the collection rain fertilizing method of trees is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

A. described trees and have tractor road in flakes between the trees, and at tree crown outer rim projection place ridging, described ridge is along trees horizontal direction shape groove in a row;

B. near below the tree crown projection outer rim, described groove above locate respectively to have dug catch pit;

C. cover the tree crown projection with plastic film, the top of described plastic film is consistent with the upper outer rim of tree crown projection, and the below of described plastic film covers groove and catch pit;

D. with the plastic film perforate of catch pit top, be used for rainwater-collecting;

When E. applying fertilizer, fertilizer directly placed catchment near coal-minely, pour with a small amount of water; Or wiring solution-forming pours into; Or before raining, in advance fertilizer is placed on catchment near coal-mine;

Wherein, described trees are the Chinese jujube garden that is grown in mountain region or hillside fields.

2. collection rain fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described ridging is that the height on described ridge is 20-30 centimetre at tree crown outer rim projection place 0-20 centimeters ridging.

3. collection rain fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described catch pit is arranged on the centimeters from jujube tree main root 50-100, and its size is diameter 20-40 centimetre, 40-60 centimetre of height.

4. collection rain fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, bundlees as skeleton with straw and hardwood in the described catch pit, and the top of catch pit is pressed with stone.

5. collection rain fertilizing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described stone is phosphate ore or potassium ore.

6. collection rain fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the bottom of described catch pit is equipped with circular plastic film, large 20 centimetres than the diameter of described catch pit of the diameters of this circular plastic film.

7. collection rain fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, puts into farmyard manure, biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer in catch pit.

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