CN102240961A - Method and apparatus for finish machining crankshaft bearing borehole - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for finish machining crankshaft bearing borehole Download PDFInfo
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- CN102240961A CN102240961A CN2011101131124A CN201110113112A CN102240961A CN 102240961 A CN102240961 A CN 102240961A CN 2011101131124 A CN2011101131124 A CN 2011101131124A CN 201110113112 A CN201110113112 A CN 201110113112A CN 102240961 A CN102240961 A CN 102240961A
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- honing
- hole
- bearing
- knife
- main shaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
- B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
- B24B33/08—Honing tools
- B24B33/084—Honing tools having honing stones at the end of bars
Abstract
In a method for finishing a borehole in a workpiece, particularly for finishing a crankshaft bearing borehole in a cylinder crankcase of an internal combustion engine, a machined borehole is generated based on a prepared borehole, the machined hole has a settable theoretical size, a settable theoretical structure of the inner surface of the borehole and a settable theoretical position of the borehole axis. The method is characterized in at least one high efficient honing operation. A degradation of 0.5 millimeter is generated under the use of a honing tool by the honing of the borehole relative to the diameter of the borehole during the high efficient honing operation. The high efficient honing operation is executed as honing operation such that a shifting of the borehole axis takes place in the direction of the target position by the engine power honing operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hole in the finishing workpiece of being used for of the preamble according to claim 1, especially for the method in the crankshaft bearing hole of fine finishining in the cylinder block crankshaft case of internal combustion engine.The invention still further relates to a kind of device that is applicable to this method of enforcement in addition.
Background technology
The cylinder block crankshaft case (ZKG) that often also is called crankcase or engine cylinder-body for short is the composition member of the integral body of internal combustion engine or gasoline engine (Brennkraftmaschine), and they for example are applied on car or lorry, aircraft, ship or the permanent plant.Most widely used tectonic type is a multiple cylinder engine, and its piston is connected by connecting rod on the bent axle of rotation, and bent axle is delivered to the power that engine produces on wheel, ship screw, screw propeller, generator or the similar object.
Bent axle is positioned at below the cylinder in array or V-type engine, and in the flat opposed engine between cylinder, and be supported in the bearing bearing support in cylinder block crankshaft case upper crankshaft bearing hole.This bearing bearing support is implemented as sliding bearing usually, also is implemented as rolling bearing in case of necessity.For the high speed rotating that guarantees bent axle and therefore make wearing and tearing and the minimum vibration of not expecting when operation, bent axle must satisfy higher form tolerance requirement.The bearing bearing support is also having strict tolerance aspect its size and the position in cylinder block crankshaft case.
The relative tighter tolerance of the standardized element of internal combustion engine and cylinder block crankshaft case is produced by the function of the complexity of these parts.The shape of cylinder-bore, size and surface profile study plot are determined wearing and tearing, friction, fuel consume and the discharge capacity of internal combustion engine, and have also determined power and efficient as the consequence of friction.The combustion chamber volume of compression has particularly been determined the compression of engine.This is influential to power, and also influential to discharge capacity and engine noise by combustion process.
In addition, bent axle is with respect to piston or reduce very important with respect to the exact position of cylinder-bore for the wearing and tearing of the engine part of high load capacity.This engine part is the bearing in cylinder block crankshaft case at bearing on the bent axle and bent axle of piston/piston pin, connecting rod and connecting rod particularly.For the position in axle center, hole, not only its absolute position in the space, and Qi Jiao position or orientation also play a role.For example in having the speed changer of clutch, the power shaft of bent axle and speed changer moves jointly.Therefore here the axiality of diaxon played a decisive role for the long life-span.
For the bent axle bearing, the mutual axiality of bearing bearing support is also very important.The bearing bearing support should be positioned on the straight line as far as possible, so that bent axle can rotate and be contained in equably basically on all bearing bearing supports.
Workpiece area around the crankshaft bearing hole totally is made up of two parts.Under modal situation, one is the bearing beam of cylinder block crankshaft case, and another is the bearing cap that screws thereon.As an alternative, the crankshaft bearing hole also can be positioned at the junction of two cylinder block crankshaft case halfbodies, for example in the flat opposed engine.Semicircular surface section is promptly made in generally quilt preprocessing like this under unassembled state of parts respectively on the bearing beam of cylinder block crankshaft case and on bearing cap.In an ensuing processing step, parts are assembled, are essentially columniform hole section thereby form one respectively by semicircular surface section in the zone of bearing bearing support.A plurality of hole sections that become row to arrange have at a certain distance formed whole crankshaft bearing hole.
After this, fine finishining is carried out in the hole of preparation by this way.In order when making cylinder block crankshaft case, to reach tolerance, nowadays carry out one or many boring processing and honing afterwards in combination and handle.The most processing is scheduled to, because for example to have caused numerical value be several 1/10th millimeters big relatively excision amounts or make it necessary more by the inhomogeneities that causes of casting cylinder block crankshaft case, but simultaneously shape and position of related features can also be in lower micrometer ranges, and therefore require high-precision processing.
Boring processing has two main tasks at this.A task of boring processing is the whole crankshaft bearing hole coordinate system fixing with respect to workpiece, for example with respect to the manufacturing of the position of the corresponding plane of reference on the cylinder block crankshaft case.That is by means of boring processing generation axle center, hole is the predetermined theoretical position of workpiece.Another task of boring processing is the mutual location of each bearing bearing support, and this is also referred to as " axiality " in crankshaft bearing hole in professional range.Typically being positioned at several 1/10th millimeters scopes about the excision amount of bore dia when boring is handled, is a millimeter or greater than a millimeter in case of necessity.
The honing in march axle bearing hole processing after boring.Particularly reach the desired final mass of diameter tolerance, cylinder shape and surface roughness aspect by honing, thereby observed tolerance about the theoretical size that can be scheduled to the theoretical construct that can be scheduled to of internal surface of hole.The position in crankshaft bearing hole and axiality change when should not be in honing, fix because they have been handled by boring before.Therefore for honing, between honing knife and honing main shaft, be provided with hinged or flexible connection, thereby honing knife can be followed fixed hole, position, and its position can not change initiatively.In handling, honing typically is positioned at scope about the excision amount of bore dia less than 100 μ m.
EP 0968069B2 has illustrated a kind of drilling machine, and this machine can be used for boring the crankshaft bearing hole when producing cylinder block crankshaft case in batches.
From the known a kind of honing knife of DE 19634415B4, this cutter for example can be applied in honing crankshaft bearing hole or honing other be divided into the be in line hole of the hole section of arranging of having of paragraph.This honing knife has at least one can be corresponding to the honing zone of theoretical size adjustment before processing, this honing zone has cutting zone and the calibration region that has at least one cutting coating respectively, and have have at least one the cutting coating the guiding cutting zone, wherein, the guiding cutting zone can radial dilatation.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is, a kind of method and a kind of device that is applicable to this method of execution that is used for fine finishining hole in workpiece is provided, particularly can be under the situation of maintenance by them to the peak demand of machining accuracy, based on coarse relatively processing, than current more economical ground fine finishining crankshaft bearing hole and the long hole of other length.
For method that solves this task, the invention provides feature and device with feature of claim 9 with claim 1.Favourable improvement project illustrates in the dependent claims.The content that all authority requires all is cited and becomes the content of specification.
By the invention enables technology chain significantly to shorten, this technology chain has carries out accurately machined potentiality more economically.Here, manufacture method " honing " not only is used to adjust diameter tolerance, cylinder shape and surface texture, and is used to adjust the tram of axle center, the hole referential fixing with respect to workpiece.When forming the accurate position in axle center, hole, generally also carry out the position of axle center, hole on its theoretical position direction and adjust or move.For the hole of hole section, realized the improvement of the axiality in hole simultaneously in the place of needs with axially spaced-apart.Because generally in the shorter relatively time, excise more relatively material for this reason,, this honing is called as " efficient honing is handled " so handling.
Notion " honing " represents to utilize the cutting process of the uncertain blade of geometry in this application book, in the method, the honing knife of multiple-cutting-edge carries out the working motion be made up of two components, this motion causes the surface texture of the uniqueness of processed inner surface, this structure in most cases has the machining locus of intersection, and is right rather than compulsory.Generally form from the working motion that the honing main shaft of honing machine is delivered on the honing knife by rotatablely moving of superposeing of a kind of axial reciprocal stroke motion and a kind of and stroke motion.
Compare with the drilling tool of the blade work that utilizes geometry to determine, honing knife has much longer service life, promptly can not process more part thereby do not change cutter.For drilling tool, the wearing and tearing of the blade that geometry is determined may cause gearratio
Gradually change, therefore and cause the deterioration of surface quality and form accuracy, and the cutting ability of honing knife based on the blade group of the cutting particle that is provided with combination in whole service life, keep constant basically from sharp effect, thereby even the surface micro-structure quality that under the very big situation of the number pieces of processing, also can obtain to remain unchanged to a great extent.
Honing method can be divided into traditional honing and so-called mandrel honing.In traditional honing, but use has the honing knife of the blade group of radial feed when honing, so that realize the theoretical size in desired hole gradually by a plurality of strokes.In the mandrel honing, use the mandrel honing knife of being transferred to theoretical size (finished size) in advance on the contrary, this cutter has a conical cutting zone is connected same cutting thereon with one columniform calibration region usually.In the mandrel honing, whole excision process is generally only required one or several, for example maximum three reciprocating strokes.Two kinds of honing methods can alternatively or in combination use within the scope of the invention.
Efficient honing processing can substitute the conventional combination that boring is handled and honing is handled fully.Can save common independent boring whereby handles and essential for this reason independent drilling station (Bohrstation).In preferred embodiment, making ready hole and efficiently middle insertion boring processing between the honing processing.When the machining crankshafts dead eye, efficient honing is for example handled and is directly carried out after assembling the part (part of cylinder block crankshaft case and bearing cap or cylinder block crankshaft case) that forms the crankshaft bearing hole.Workpiece that assemble or otherwise ready only needs once to be clamped on the work piece holder, and this has saved anchor clamps transposings (Umspannen) consuming time.
Yet also possible is, in processings (for example smart boring or finish turning (Feinspindeln)) of holing of efficient honing first being processed, so that preprocessing is the hole of efficient honing preparation.
Efficient honing processing is characterised in that with traditional honing compares bigger material removal amount, and this excision amount has realized the displacement in the correct location or the axle center, hole in axle center, hole in addition.The excision amount of actual needs is relevant with preparation on a workpiece, and can change between a collection of workpiece.Form the excision amount of 1mm at least on be everlasting at least one workpiece or a collection of workpiece a plurality of, wherein, this excision amount particularly can also be between 1mm and 2mm.For individual other, particularly prepare workpiece or workpiece section preferably, the excision amount can be less than 0.5mm or less than 0.3mm.General obvious 100 μ m or the 150 μ m of surpassing of this excision amount.
In order in the short cycle, to realize economic fine finishining, in some method scheme, when efficient honing processing at least by stages (phasenweise) by means of the uncertain blade of geometry with Q
w=V/t obviously greater than traditional honing the time material-removal rate excision material.Here, V is the volume that cutting is removed that passes through of workpiece, and t is required for this reason process time, thereby forms dimension (Dimension) [mm
3/ s].For volume V, approximation V ≈ (π (D
2-d
2) L)/4 be suitable for, wherein d is (less) diameter in the preceding hole of cutting, and D is cutting back (bigger) diameter, and L is the length of the hole of processing or the hole section that enlarges on diameter.
In order to realize the comparativity of numerical value, in this application book, material-removal rate is taken as t=20s process time (corresponding to the typical honing time) and length L=20mm (corresponding to the typical beam width of the single bearing beam in the crankshaft bearing hole of motorcar engine).Standardized by this way material-removal rate is called as " unit " material-removal rate in this application book, and is abbreviated as Q
w S
For nominal diameter at 40mm to the typical hole between the 70mm, unit (spezifisch) material-removal rate is preferably greater than 13mm
3/ s (for 40mm) or greater than 22mm
3/ s (for 70mm).Typical lower limit is generally surpassed significantly.For the nominal diameter of 40mm, for example Q can be arranged
w S＞30mm
3/ s also can be Q sometimes
w S＞50mm
3/ s, perhaps even Q
w S＞100mm
3/ s.For the nominal diameter of 70mm, for example Q can be arranged
w S＞50mm
3/ s also can be Q sometimes
w S＞100mm
3/ s, perhaps even Q
w S＞150mm
3/ s.
In addition, higher material-removal rate can be promoted to reach by non-general high cutting speed, and this cutting speed rotary speed (rotating speed) and/or travel speed with honing knife again is relevant.
In some method scheme, at least by stages with the rotational speed greater than 400U/min, wherein, this rotating speed is preferably at least by stages greater than 1000U/min, particularly greater than 1500U/min when efficient honing is processed for honing knife.Rotating speed is usually located at 1500U/min in the scope of 2500U/min.
As an alternative or additional, honing knife moves with the range speed greater than 20m/min when efficient honing is processed in traditional honing (utilizing distensible honing knife) at least by stages, wherein, range speed is preferably at least by stages between 30m/min and 50m/min, perhaps even greater than 50m/min.When mandrel honing (utilizing the cutter that mixes up in advance), range speed can reach greater than 12m/min, particularly greater than 20m/min.
The main shaft drives of honing machine correspondingly is designed according to maximum (top) speed, range speed and driving power.
A kind of particular design of cutting tool (Schneidmittel) helps realizing high resection rate or material-removal rate and other processing criterion.For example maybe advantageously, use longer cutting bar.Use a kind of honing knife in some embodiments, this cutter has a plurality of cutting bars that distribute around tool bodies, wherein, the length of cutting bar greater than axial hole long 60%, particularly 80%.As an alternative or additional be, the length of cutting bar can be greater than three times or four times or five times of the effective diameter of honing knife.In order to process the crankshaft bearing hole that typically for example has the diameter of 40mm in the 70mm scope, to cut bar length can for example be 200mm or greater than 200mm, for example between 300mm and 400mm.When using longer relatively cutting bar, but the honing knife with cutting bar of radial feed can be processed bigger hole scope simultaneously.When using taper shape cutting bar (mandrel honing), can cause in a unique impulse stroke that bigger diameter changes.Relatively long cutting bar is being favourable aspect the linearity in formation hole also generally.
The preferred thicker cutting tool of relative particle that uses in efficient honing processing particularly has for example cutting tool of diamond cutting particle of very hard cutting particle.If efficient honing processing single-stage ground carries out, usually, the medium granular size that is positioned at scope between about 50 μ m and the about 150 μ m (for diamond strips for example from D54 to D151) is favourable, so as after the efficient honing process finishing in high stock-removing efficiency with obtain to obtain between the enough meticulous surface texture of processed inner surface compromise simultaneously.Particularly, can also use more coarse cutting tool for the efficient honing processing of multistage for example two-stage.For example can in the first order, use medium grain size, cut particle for example up to D181 for diamond greater than 150 μ m.Then, the second level can utilize obviously that meticulous particle carries out, for example in traditional scheme (distensible honing knife) from D35 to D64, perhaps in the mandrel honing from D91 to D126.
In some method scheme, workpiece is fixed on the location of workpiece, and the theoretical position in honing knife and axle center, hole is stretched in the hole and in the hole coaxially and moves.When axle center, current hole (actual apertures axle center) frame of reference fixing with respect to workpiece is in errors present after the preprocessing, honing knife is also stretched in the ready hole prejudicially, and cutter shaft remains on its position in whole efficient honing is handled, and the physical location in axle center, hole is along with the carrying out of processing passes through the position-scheduled theoretical position of cutter shaft near it.
Therefore by efficient honing processing, the position in axle center, hole can be scheduled, can be changed by the material removal amount that distributes unevenly axially and/or in a circumferential direction in case of necessity, to the position of cutter shaft (about the position in the space and position, angle or orientation) accurately determine carry out when the honing.This can realize by the radially-directed to honing knife.Preferred honing knife utilize the syndeton of axle head to be rigidly connected on the honing main shaft or be connected with the rigidly connected drive link of this honing main shaft on, and being introduced at least one and syndeton has on the bearing bearing support of arranging on axial distance ground, wherein, between syndeton and bearing bearing support, be furnished with at least one cutting group of honing knife.Act on the both sides that radial load on the cutting group can therefore be cut group and bear, the position of cutter shaft also can keep stable under very strong cross force in cutting group zone whereby.Exactly for axial long hole, for example length-to-diameter ratio is obviously greater than 3 or greater than 4 or greater than 5 or greater than 6 hole, the rigidity guidance mode of axially-movable is proved to be effective.
In some embodiments, the end segments away from main shaft of honing knife is supported rotatably in the port of export relative with the arrival end hole in the diagonal angle cribbing.This scheme all is feasible for the workpiece that all have through hole.The diagonal angle cribbing can be when the honing knife axial stroke be moved and the honing knife associated movement, or rather, or (displacement drive that does not have self) motion passively, or (by means of displacement drive) motion on one's own initiative.For the diagonal angle cribbing of associated movement, the clamping length of the honing knife between the syndeton of main shaft side and the bearing bearing support remains unchanged when stroke motion, and this can produce positive role to crudy.Also possible is, the diagonal angle cribbing is fixed on the fixing position of machine, thereby honing knife moves with respect to the diagonal angle cribbing when stroke motion.Such embodiment is structurally very simple, because can save linear guide, saves the drive unit of diagonal angle cribbing in case of necessity.
Having the scheme of the guide section (F ü hrungsstelle) (leading to leading with the back) before the hole or behind the hole and/or having the inner scheme that leads is possible equally.
The crankshaft bearing hole is an axial example than slotted hole, and this hole has a plurality of holes section, and each hole section is in straight line and is arranged spaced reciprocally in a row.For such workpiece possible be that at least one is used for the knives rack of honing knife between two adjacent hole sections.In some embodiments, such " inner guiding mechanism " just is positioned at the cutter guider of workpiece inside, be set between two adjacent hole sections, and therefore between hole inlet and hole exits.Axial distance between the bearing bearing support of honing knife can keep shorter by this way, realize the stable especially supporting or the guiding of opposing cross force whereby, and the bending of honing knife between the bearing bearing support can be prevented from or avoid.
In the scheme that is applicable to inner guiding, the knives rack that is used as guider has the fixing orientable bearing element of machine, the director element free to rotate with respect to this bearing element is supported rotatably on the bearing element or inside, this director element at work with the honing knife co-rotation of passing, self rotates, and guiding honing knife and opposing radial load ground support.Rotating director element can have at least one actuated element, this actuated element is set for (form fit ground in a circumferential direction) and embeds the recess on the tool bodies that is arranged on honing knife, thereby director element simply and durablely is embodied as passive device (not having self drive unit).The recess of axial perforation can be set on the interior week of director element, and the cutting element (for example hone stone) that is installed on the honing knife contactlessly passes through this recess.
The combination of inner guiding mechanism and gang tool also is significant, for this gang tool, on tool bodies, be furnished with a plurality of that arrange each other with certain axial distance, be used for the cutting groups of simultaneously a plurality of hole sections of arranging with certain axial distance each other being carried out honing processing, the quantity of wherein, cutting group is preferably corresponding to remaining the quantity of simultaneously processed hole section.The gang tool that is used for the in-line four cylinder engine cylinder-body can for example have five cutting groups that are used for five bearing bearing supports.The inner cutter support can act on tool bodies between two cutting groups.Can be provided with two or more inner cutter supports, for example each inner cutter support is used for an intermediate space between the cutting group.
The invention still further relates to a kind of be applicable to implement this method, be used in workpiece the fine finishining hole especially for the device in fine finishining crankshaft bearing hole in the cylinder block crankshaft case of internal combustion engine, this device has at least one can be by the honing main shaft of main shaft driving device driving, honing knife is connected or can be connected on this honing main shaft, and has the axially directed support apparatus of the stroke motion that is used for honing knife.
Preferred honing knife directly or middlely be rigidly connected to or can be connected on the honing main shaft by a positive drive bar, and supporting arrangement is set up for this reason, promptly on a bearing bearing support of arranging with certain axial distance with respect to the syndeton of the main shaft side of honing knife, act on like this on the honing knife, promptly between syndeton and bearing bearing support, be furnished with a section of a cutting group of at least one the cutting group of honing knife or honing knife.Can be provided with leading to mechanism and/or back guiding mechanism and/or inner guiding mechanism.
Except claims, aforesaid feature with other also can be obtained by specification and accompanying drawing.At this, each feature can be implemented with minute form of combination individually or a plurality ofly in embodiments of the present invention or in other field, and describes favourable embodiment.To set forth preferred embodiment by accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic side view of the horizontal honing machine that is used for efficient honing machining crankshafts dead eye;
Fig. 2 illustrates the different view of the engine cylinder-body with crankshaft bearing hole;
Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic side view of the deployment scenarios with the gang tool that supports relatively in end side, and this gang tool has the cutting bar group of self separately at each hole section;
Fig. 4 illustrates the schematic side view of the deployment scenarios with gang tool, and this gang tool is in the workpiece inside of the regional internal support between the cutting group between adjacent bearing bearing support;
Fig. 5 illustrates the schematic side view that utilizes the mandrel honing knife machining crankshafts dead eye that relatively is bearing in end side with conical cutting zone;
Fig. 6 illustrates the schematic side view of the deployment scenarios with the honing knife that relatively is bearing in end side, and this honing knife has conical cutting zone and integrated two-stage prepared group;
Fig. 7 illustrate have be bearing in leading in mechanism and back guiding mechanism and be fixed on the schematic side view of the deployment scenarios of the honing knife on the honing main shaft by means of drive link; With
Fig. 8 illustrates to have and directly is rigidly connected on the honing main shaft, be equipped with the schematic side view of deployment scenarios of honing knife of the cutting bar of perforation, this honing knife is rotatably supported in workpiece inside between the adjacent bearing beam (Lagersteg) by means of inner guiding mechanism.
The specific embodiment
The schematic side view that is configured to the device that is used for the crankshaft bearing hole in the fine finishining cylinder block crankshaft case of horizontal honing machine shown in Figure 1.This honing machine is set up to be used for and then complete fine finishining being carried out in the crankshaft bearing hole behind the part in the formation crankshaft bearing hole of assembled engines cylinder body.This honing machine designs like this, promptly by means of the honing manufacture method, the tram of the axle center, hole in the crankshaft bearing hole frame of reference fixing can be adjusted on the one hand, tolerance can also be reached on the other hand about the surface texture of diameter, cylinder shape and bearing bearing support (Lagerstelle) with respect to workpiece.
But the main shaft slide block 104 of horizontal movement is installed on the lathe 102 of honing machine 100, and this main shaft slide block has main spindle box 106, and the honing main shaft 110 with horizontal spindle center line 111 of honing machine is supported rotatably in the main spindle box.The electronics rotating driving device 107 that is used for main axis rotation is installed in main spindle box.Be installed in the lathe for the necessary stroke driving device 105 that is parallel to spindle centerline 111 of stroke motion, and the driving level towards leading screw, the nut that is connected with axle slide block 104 moves on leading screw.
Stroke driving device is designed to the range speed in 40m/min or 50m/min or bigger scope, and rotating driving device is designed to the maximum (top) speed from about 2500U/min to 3000U/min.The obtainable driving power of stroke and rotation that is used for is greater than 10kW.
When clamping, oil sump joint face 156 is as the processing datum of the coordinate system that is used for determining that the fixing coordinate system of workpiece is fixing with respect to machine.In other method scheme, the cover-up surface that is positioned at the opposite that processes in advance
154 (joint faces of cylinder head) are as processing datum.
A side at work piece holder away from main shaft, the linear guide 130 that is parallel to the level of spindle centerline 111 motions is fixed on the lathe, slide block 132 moves on linear guide, this slide block has a bearing element 134 that is used for rotating chuck 135, and this chuck is by can be around being bearing in the bearing element rotationally with the coaxial trunnion axis of spindle centerline 111.But the chuck 135 of horizontal movement and rotation is set up the diagonal angle cribbing (Gegenhalter) away from the end of main shaft as honing knife.Slide block 132 is mechanically forced to be connected with the slide block 104 of stroke driving device in the present example.Also possible is only to be produced by the cutter of motion by the motion of movable slider 132.In other scheme, the diagonal angle cribbing has the drive unit of self, and the stroke driving device of this drive unit and honing main shaft is synchronous.
Honing knife 170 is connected with honing main shaft 110 rigidly by means of unbending drive link 120.For this reason, removable syndeton 125 is configured to the antitorque unbending structure that is rigidly connected between drive link and honing main shaft, for example is threaded or form that simple flange connects.Removable coupling part between drive link 120 and the honing knife 170 also is not flexible and antitorque.For this reason, the syndeton 172 of the spindle end of honing knife for example is configured to threaded portion, the corresponding matching thread part acting in conjunction of end of this threaded portion and the cutter side that is positioned at drive link.
In other embodiment, the syndeton of the main shaft side of honing knife directly is fixed on the end of the cutter side of honing main shaft, thus the work of the drive link ground in the middle of not having (referring to Fig. 5).
It is concrete 174 that honing knife 170 has the cylindrical knife of elongation, on this tool bodies, is configured with the syndeton 172 of main shaft side in the main shaft side, and be configured with the columniform axis of guide 176 deviating from the main shaft side.The cutter shaft 175 that is positioned at the tool bodies center is coaxial with spindle centerline 111 based on being rigidly connected.But the support strip of radial motion ground supporting is positioned at the radial opening of tool bodies, and this support strip has the cutting bar 178 that has diamond cutting coating of axial elongation.The radial feed of the cutting bar of distensible honing knife carries out by means of the feed system of dynamo-electric ground that is not shown specifically or the form fit that hydraulically drives, this feed system comprise by honing main shaft and drive link enter honing knife can axially movable feed bar, be furnished with expansion circular cone with single-stage or multistage support section in the end of this feed bar, this expansion circular cone and the conical mating surface acting in conjunction on the inboard of support strip do not have cutting bar tipping condition leading thread to feeding so that guarantee the cutting bar when feed bar moves axially.
The cutting bar be parallel to length that cutter shaft records be preferably greater than the crankshaft bearing hole that remains to be utilized honing knife processing length 60%, in case of necessity even greater than 70%, in the present example even be slightly larger than 80%, this has promoted higher stock-removing efficiency on the one hand, helps the linearity in hole on the other hand or the axiality of the bearing beam processed.
The end away from main shaft of the axis of guide 176 is clamped in the rotating chuck 135 in the described processing configuration of honing machine.Thus, honing knife is disposed in two positions to cutter shaft by the single cutting group that constitutes of cutting bar 176 and carries out between the stable bearing bearing support.In the bearing bearing support one is made of the supporting part of honing main shaft 110 in main spindle box 106, and the bearing bearing support that is positioned at the opposite is by being installed on the slide block 132 and the chuck that is used as bearing (Gegenlager) 135 that can utilize honing knife to axially move constitutes.
Some features of workpiece 150 will illustrate that wherein Fig. 2 A illustrates profilograph by means of Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 B illustrates the vertical view in the axle center, hole that is parallel to the crankshaft bearing hole, and Fig. 2 C illustrates the vertical view in the axle center, hole that is parallel to cylinder-bore.For engine cylinder-body and the function face and the hole of structure thereon, need very strict tolerance to a certain extent, so that guarantee reliable functioning.The tolerance about the diameter of cylinder shape and cylinder-bore of cylinder-bore 151 typically is positioned at several microns scope, wherein, also pays special attention to surface configuration.For the axle center, hole 152 of cylinder-bore apart from ZA, promptly so-called in bore gauge (Stichma β), the typical tolerance that is suitable for is positioned at the scope of 100 μ m.
The bearing bearing support that is used for bent axle has the form tolerance more bigger than cylinder-bore in the zone in crankshaft bearing hole 160.It is long hole that the crankshaft bearing hole is compared with cylinder-bore (typical L/D ratio is 2.5 to the maximum), typically has length-to-diameter ratio LDV, and this ratio is approximately 6 in the present example obviously greater than 2.5 or 3.For the in-line four cylinder engine, the crankshaft bearing hole has five hole sections 161 to 165, and these hole sections are in straight line, and mutually axially spaced-apart is turned up the soil and is arranged to row.These hole sections have constituted the bearing bearing support of bent axle.For bent axle bearing (Kurbelwellenlagerung), the axiality particular importance between the bearing bearing support.The bearing arrangement that should as far as possible be in line, thus bent axle can rotate and be close to equably on all bearing bearing supports.The axiality of each bearing bearing support should be no more than or the not obvious 15 μ m that surpass.The definition of " axiality " is with reference to DINISO 1101, and its content is in this as the content of this specification.
Another important criterion about the crankshaft bearing hole is the position in its axle center, hole 166, the position in bent axle axle center when it has determined the engine operation." hole shaft core position " this notion had both comprised the absolute position of axle in the space here, comprised the Qi Jiao position again, just its orientation in the space.The upright position can be for example (perhaps accordingly to the distance of oil sump joint face 156) is defined at hole inlet or hole exits place to the distance A DA of the cover-up surface 154 of engine cylinder-body by the axle center, hole.Distance between bent axle and the cover-up surface is one of standard of engine sealing.Though generally do not need the tolerance of micron level here, yet wish to have the tolerance in one of several percentages millimeter scope.The axle center, hole in bent axle or crankshaft bearing hole is also very important for the wearing and tearing that reduce the high load capacity member with respect to the accurate position of cylinder-bore, the connecting-rod bearing on piston/piston pin, connecting rod and bent axle, the bearing support of the bent axle in the cylinder block crankshaft case also belongs to the high load capacity member.The position, angle in axle center, hole 166, just the orientation of its referential fixing with respect to workpiece also has effect here.Typically, the position in axle center, hole 166 should change 0.05mm at most with respect to whole hole length BL, wherein, this value for vertical direction (cover-up surface direction) and therewith the intersection direction (horizontal direction among Fig. 2 B) all be suitable for.
By means of honing machine 100 possible be, on engine cylinder-body, after assembling the part that forms the crankshaft bearing hole, and then by means of honing fine finishining crankshaft bearing hole 160 in this wise, promptly can both be implemented about the hole shaft core position with about all tolerances of the surface quality of desired bearing bearing support.Can take following measure for this reason.
At first workpiece 150, cylinder crankcase just, directly after installing, hole procedure of processing in the middle of just not having, be clamped in this wise on the big work piece holder 140 in correct location, torsional strength by means of index pin 142, promptly the spindle centerline 111 of honing main shaft is coaxial with the desirable theoretical position in the axle center, hole in crankshaft bearing hole.The general axis position is not to be positioned at its center with respect to some hole sections to be processed at least, but arranged off-centre.These hole sections have certain undersize (Unterma β) with respect to its theoretical diameter in addition, and this undersize is cut by honing.Relevant with the quality of preparing, this undersize can be positioned at the scope of 0.5mm at least, perhaps surpasses this scope, for example in 1mm arrives the scope of 2mm.Behind clamping work pieces, honing knife is stretched into certain distance in the crankshaft bearing hole from the arrival end towards spindle end, and promptly the end segments away from main shaft of the axis of guide 176 stretches in the chuck 135, and can locate clamped at this.The cutting bar be positioned on the position of its withdrawal in the preparatory stage, thereby be rigidly attached on honing main shaft and the drive link honing knife can by the honing main shaft not with the bearing bearing support in side contacts the situation lower part stretch in the crankshaft bearing hole.
After this, stroke driving device, rotating driving device and the drive unit that is used for the feed system that the cutting group enlarges are unlocked.In order to realize very big in case of necessity material removal amount in the relatively short time, range speed and maximum (top) speed typically obviously surpass the corresponding value of traditional honing processing, as they for example when the processing cylinder-bore common.Range speed can be greater than 20m/min or greater than 30m/min, until for example about 40m/min, maximum (top) speed typically at least the honing process segment greater than 1000U/min or surpass this value, wherein, seldom require greater than 2500U/min.
When further honing knife expansion (enlarged-diameter), by honing knife atwirl and the rapid axial vibration, at first the inner section of the inside of bearing bearing support is cut by the cutting bar of multiple-cutting-edge.Be accompanied by the expansion of increase, one-sided part cutting is constantly carried out, and the fully cutting of transition for carrying out on the whole circumference of hole section.At this, all hole sections all little by little obtain the cylindrical shape concentric with cutter shaft 175, thereby produced the lengthening in the actual apertures axle center on the position-scheduled theoretical position direction of passing through cutter shaft in axle center, hole on the one hand, produced the better axiality of bearing bearing support on the other hand.Cutting speed can or surpass this scope in the scope of 250m/min, for example greater than 300m/min or greater than 350m/min or greater than 400m/min.The obtainable material-removal rate of fine finishining (Zeitspanvolumen) is here at least in terminal stage, when the material on porose section when cut, obviously greater than traditional honing processing, for example greater than 200mm
3In the scope of/s or even greater than 500mm
3/ s or surpass this scope.
In order to determine material-removal rate, in this application book with a unit materials resection rate Q
w S=V/t[mm
3/ s] be starting point, wherein V is the workpiece volume that downcuts by cutting, t is needed for this reason process time.For volume V, approximation V ≈ (π (D
2-d
2) L)/4 be suitable for, wherein d is (less) diameter before cutting in hole, and D is (bigger) diameter after the cutting, and L is the length of the hole of processing or the hole section that enlarges on diameter.The unit materials resection rate here is taken as or is t=20s process time (corresponding to the typical honing time) and length L=20mm (corresponding to the typical beam width of the single bearing beam in the crankshaft bearing hole of motorcar engine) by unified.The value of the material-removal rate that provides in Table A (seeing the specification end) is to provide at the typical nominal pore diameter from 40mm to 70mm.In the quantity of beam equaled each hurdle of 1, these values were corresponding to the unit materials resection rate of four kinds of different diameters.
Diameter for four-cylinder in upright arrangement is 60mm and the typical crankshaft bearing hole with the long bearing beam (hole section) of 5 20mm, produces and for example is approximately 94mm
3The material-removal rate minimum of a value of/s (corresponding to the excision amount of 0.2mm on diameter), and 942mm
3The value of/s is measured 2mm corresponding to excision.
Usually, add man-hour to the crankshaft bearing hole of 70mm being about 40mm to typical bore dia, (totally) material-removal rate of being realized is positioned at about 300mm
3/ s is to about 700mm
3In the scope of/s.This is that nowadays when honing crankshaft bearing hole, the maximum overall material-removal rate reaches about 45mm with respect to the significantly improving of traditional honing method
3In the scope of/s.
High driving power is compared the permission cutting speed and is improved a lot in conjunction with unconventional high rotating speed and high-stroke speed with traditional honing.Whereby in the general honing time of for example 20s to 25s, the excision amount can reach on diameter in the scope between 1mm and the 2mm, and this is corresponding to obviously greater than 200mm
3/ s or even greater than 500mm
3The material-removal rate of/s.Therefore the technological parameter that efficient honing is handled can be regulated like this, and the honing time that promptly efficient honing is handled is positioned at the honing time range of the crankshaft bearing hole being carried out traditional honing processing, that is to say, in maximum 20 to 25 seconds scope.But since by efficient honing handle can save before essential preposition boring handle, therefore can under the constant at least prerequisite of quality, realize faster and therefore more economical crankshaft bearing hole fine finishining.
The effective position in axle center, hole that has caused not the crankshaft bearing hole of the workpiece of being prepared by perfection by honing processing changes.According to the preparation situation, can obtain to be higher than this value in case of necessity until the moving of the hole site of 150 μ m (with respect to whole hole length).Simultaneously, owing to, generally can obtain hole shaft core position precision less than ± 20 μ m to the stable two-side supporting of the opposing cross force of honing knife.Can obtain in addition less than 30 μ m or even less than the axiality of 15 μ m.
For can mobile significantly hole site, rigidity, accurate Machine Tool design in honing machine, have been adopted.With regard to the honing main shaft, clamp until workpiece from the slider guide of main shaft, be provided with element accurate, rigidity, the respective element of these elements and traditional honing machine seldom interosculates.For example, the honing main shaft on traditional honing machine typically utilizes simple non-fastening oblique ball bearing
Be supported.In contrast, the supportings in the main spindle box 106 have better bearing, and this bearing can be fastened, just have can be fastening the radial/axial bearing.
Utilize relative longer and thinner honing knife to process in addition, this honing knife is subjected to very high one-sided extruding force sometimes when moving in the axle center, hole.Even it is stably coaxial with the theoretical position in axle center, hole that the position of cutter shaft also can keep under difficult condition because honing knife is rigidly attached on the honing main shaft in the main shaft side, and away from the main shaft side bearing on diagonal angle cribbing 135.
Be provided with the subtend bearing (Gegenlagerung) of associated movement in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, this bearing is associated movement by the stroke of main shaft slide block, does not therefore need the drive unit (the subtend bearing of passive interlock) of self.The stroke of subtend bearing can for example be positioned at the scope of 500mm.As an alternative, also can be provided with fixing subtend bearing, for example to be fixedly mounted in the form of the drive tab on the lathe, be provided with the columniform dead eye with spindle centerline 111 coaxial arrangement in this drive tab, the columniform axis of guide 107 and 176 can seamlessly and by fluid dynamic (hydrodynamisch) lubricated friction pass through this dead eye tinily.The leading of entrance side also is feasible (see figure 7) to the combination with the back guiding of outlet side.
Honing machine 100 is configured to horizontal machine tool, is very easy to thereby be integrated on the production line of automation.This prone configuration also helps near machine element, but is noted that because the subtend bearing is arranged, and needs in the axial direction longer structure relatively.But also can be configured to vertical machine in principle, just have vertical spindle centerline.
Efficient honing processing can utilize the honing knife of simple expansion to carry out under many circumstances in the single process segment.Owing to need very high excision efficient, the cutting bar is preferably with diamond cutting particle, but also can use other hard cutting granular materials, for example boron nitride (Bornitrid) in case of necessity.Process to the medium sized particle in the scope between the 150 μ m at about 50 μ m and about 100 μ m if utilize, then can obtain higher relatively excision efficient and make the inner surface that processes have to reach well compromise between the enough little roughness, for this inner surface, only require residue roughness Rz (average roughness height (Rauhtiefe)) usually less than about 15 μ m.
Particularly when wishing to obtain littler residue roughness, also can in two stages in succession, process.Can utilize more coarse relatively particle to realize the overwhelming majority of material removal in the phase I, in second stage, realize littler residue excision amount and desired surface roughness relatively.Can use the honing knife of dual expansion for this reason, with regard to this honing knife, be used for first group of first process segment cutting bar and have the coarse particle that for example is no more than the medium grain size that is approximately 200 μ m, and the cutting bar of the second cutting bar group of independent feeding for example has less than 80 μ m or less than the meticulous particle of the medium grain size of 50 μ m.Under the situation of the honing knife of dual expansion, two process segments in succession or overlapping in time can be used same honing knife.In other method scheme, be defined in and carry out cutter changing between the process segment, perhaps be provided with another processing stations.Also possible is, the distensible honing knife of first process segment of efficient honing by means of form shown in Fig. 1 carries out, and the second meticulous process segment afterwards has honing knife conical cutting zone, that adjust to finished size and carries out by means of for example described in conjunction with Figure 5.
In embodiment by means of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 explanation, replace having the distensible honing knife of unique one group of longer relatively cutting bar (see figure 1), use so-called gang tool.Honing knife 370 among Fig. 3 is gang tools, at this gang tool, is furnished with five gang tool 376A to 376E that arrange with certain mutual axial distance on columniform tool bodies 374.The quantity of gang tool is corresponding to the quantity of bearing bearing support to be processed.The axial length of each cutting bar of cutting group is shorter relatively, and approximately is positioned at the order of magnitude of the axial length (for example from 20mm to 30mm) of bearing section to be processed.Whereby between each cutting group, the long section of tool bodies is freely.But the cutting group of all radial dilatation or contraction is all handled by identical feed system, and this feed system has in the inside of honing knife and has five and attach troops to a unit in the feed bar of the feeding circular cone of each cutting group.Therefore all cutting groups can be fed according to same effectively processing capacity simultaneously.Utilize gang tool can realize to porose section time processing, but compare with the embodiment of Fig. 1, haul distance will be lacked a lot.The trip length can be for example on the order of magnitude corresponding to the length of cutting bar, so that in the both sides excess of stroke
The time logical via segments corresponding axial end portion guarantee that inner surface is cylindrical.As in the embodiment among Fig. 1, to honing knife axially directed the main shaft side by be rigidly connected to honing main shaft 310 rigidly connected drive links 320 on guarantee, guaranteeing away from the diagonal angle cribbing 335 of main shaft side by associated movement.
Use gang tool 470 in the embodiment of Fig. 4, this cutter is connected with honing main shaft 410 rigidly by means of resistant to bending drive link 420 equally.Yet the supporting of the subtend of honing knife 470 is not to realize by acting on away from the diagonal angle cribbing on the end of main shaft, but realize by " inside " cutter guider 436,437, this guider is in workpiece inside, that is to say in the zone between entrance side and the outlet side, between the cutting group of combination honing knife, act on the tool bodies 474, and overcome transverse load and support tool bodies and axially guide knife is concrete.Cutter guider 436,437 is fixed on lathe or the work piece holder by bolt or in other mode, thus not can with the stroke motion associated movement of honing knife.Additional as the subtend bearing of end side can be provided with the cutter guider between two adjacent hole sections 462,463 of such embedding or 463,464, so that the support to honing knife of bending of the zone line of the long workpiece hole of opposing is provided.As shown in Figure 4, the diagonal angle cribbing that such inner cutter guider (one or more) also can substitute in the end effect is used.In all cases, each zone line between adjacent hole section is provided with the cutter guider where necessary.Because in this design, the axial distance between the adjacent bearing bearing support of honing knife can keep less, therefore can be to the put up a resistance stable especially axially directed and supporting of cross force of honing knife.
In the embodiment in Fig. 5, for efficient honing is carried out in the crankshaft bearing hole, used the honing knife 570 of adjusting to theoretical value (finished size) in advance, this cutter directly is rigidly fixed on the honing main shaft 510 under the middle connection situation of positive drive bar not carrying out.As the embodiment of Fig. 1, away from the cylindrical guide pin (F ü hrungszapfen) 576 of main shaft be clamped in can be passively with the rotating chuck of the diagonal angle cribbing 535 of honing knife associated movement in may the position of cutter shaft 575 be remained on the theoretical position in axle center, hole of expectation in the extruding force of one-sided effect so that the opposing honing adds man-hour.Honing knife 570 has relatively long conical cutting zone 577 and the columniform cutting zone 578 that is essentially that directly is connected in the main shaft side thereon, and the external diameter of this cylindrical region is corresponding to the finished size of desired hole section.The diameter of conical cutting zone from away from the leading section of main shaft side to the cone angle with the several years increases continuously towards the end of main shaft.
Though the cutting bar with in the calibration region in the conical cutting zone can manual adjustments before in being encased in honing machine, regulation need not carried out feeding yet during the honing processing, thereby can save the structural cost of feed system.Since honing knife by on the honing main shaft be rigidly connected and by external away from the accurate guiding of main shaft side to the axially-movable of diagonal angle cribbing in the hole, honing knife does not need to be used for the distensible in case of necessity gib block of support in the hole, thereby honing knife can have simpler relatively structure.
In traditional honing of using distensible honing knife, need the expansion gradually of many reciprocating strokes (Doppelhub) and honing knife, when using such mandrel honing knife, whole excision process generally only needs one or several reciprocating stroke.Axial stroke speed is typically than the little coefficient 5 to 10 of honing method of the distensible honing knife of corresponding use.Axial stroke speed can add the scope that for example is positioned at 12m/min man-hour or bigger in efficient honing.Since in this processing scheme, can reach 2500U/min or even reach the higher speed of mainshaft and the less by contrast travel speed of 3000U/min, the hole section is adjusted to finished size gradually in succession when honing knife inserts (Durchschieben), and be calibrated the position simultaneously where necessary, thereby after one or two reciprocating stroke finishes, porose section physical location with consistent by the predetermined theoretical position of cutter shaft 575, and the inner surface of hole section has desired cylindrical shape and surface texture.
Used mandrel honing knife 670 in the efficient honing processing in Fig. 6, the embodiment that this cutter is similar to Fig. 5 has conical cutting zone 675 and the columniform calibration region 678 that is connected in the main shaft side thereon.Be rigidly connected by positive drive bar 620 and honing main shaft 610 towards the end of main shaft, columniform guide finger 676 is positioned at the end away from main shaft, but the end of guide finger is clamped in the chuck of diagonal angle cribbing 635 of associated movement.
The characteristics of honing knife are, are being furnished with multistage prepared group (Vorgruppe) 690 on the direction of feed before conical cutting zone 677, and this prepared group is optimized for extra high excision efficient.What prepared group 690 had first cutting element 692 is connected first on the axis of guide 676 ring 691, and wherein, effective external diameter of first ring is slightly larger than the external diameter of the axis of guide, but less than the minimum diameter of conical cutting zone.Second ring of second cutting element 694 693 is connected on the conical cutting zone, and effective external diameter of this ring is greater than effective external diameter of first ring 691, and equates with effective diameter on the tapered end of conical cutting zone basically.The cutting element of multistage prepared group all comprises a plurality of hard cutting particles that connect more hardy relatively, and for example diamond cuts particle, and wherein, particle can be obviously greater than the particle in the conical cutting zone.Prepared group can on diameter, form the excision amount of strong classification when the honing knife feeding for the first time with the cutting element of the mode work of building up by welding, thereby still very little by the enlarged-diameter of conical cutting zone formation.Can in the constant honing time, further improve the quality in the hole of final processing whereby.The prepared group of single-stage or such prepared group with the different ring of three or more diameters are feasible equally.
In a kind of embodiment that does not draw, the cutting element of prepared group has definite cutting edge respectively, thereby when the honing knife feed motion, at first utilizes the cutting edge of determining to cut, and utilizes uncertain cutting edge to carry out honing following closely.Can in the single working motion of honing knife, carry out boring processing and honing processing following closely by this way to the crankshaft bearing hole.The honing knife with prepared group like this can also irrespectively advantageously be utilized with further feature of the present invention.
The bearing that stable honing axle sleeve (Honbuchse) form of installing on fixed-site ground can also be set substitutes the diagonal angle cribbing 635 of associated movement, in this honing axle sleeve, honing knife away from the guide finger of main shaft by seamlessly and can lead axially slidably.As substituting of rotatable chuck, can also on diagonal angles this embodiment or other embodiments cribbing, conical tip be set, this tip embeds in the distolateral concave cone shape accommodation hole away from main shaft of honing knife, so that seamlessly hold honing knife.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show with compare with its diameter relative honing knife long, that have long cutting bar zone reliably and opposing cross force ground stably be inducted into slotted hole, the just scheme of other of crankshaft hole.In the embodiment of Fig. 7, the honing knife 770 of elongation is connected with honing main shaft 710 by drive link 720 that can limited bending.Be essentially columniform tool bodies and formed the columniform axis of guide at the close main shaft of cutting bar 778 with away from the both sides of main shaft, just away from the axis of guide 776 of main shaft with near the axis of guide 777 of main shaft, be used to be connected the free end that syndeton on the drive link is positioned at this axis of guide.Can be inducted into axial motion in the back guideway 731 away from the outlet side that is arranged in workpiece of main shaft away from the axis of guide of main shaft.The axis of guide 777 towards main shaft can be inducted into the leading in axle sleeve 732 of respective design axially slidably at the entrance side of workpiece.Therefore the jackshaft of guideway has been determined the position and the orientation of cutter shaft, has also determined to finish the position and the orientation in the crankshaft bearing hole of processing.The diagonal angle cribbing that does not need end side here.
In the embodiment of Fig. 8, the honing knife 870 that is equipped with the long cutting bar 878 of perforation but can not led around cutter shaft by means of knives rack (Werkzeuglagerung) 890 between two axial adjacent bearing beams diametrically in workpiece inside not movablely rotationally.Among Fig. 8 A in axial section and among Fig. 8 B " inside " knives rack 890 shown in vertical view have tabular bearing element 891, this element is fixed on the top side of lathe.The director element 892 that is essentially annular is positioned at the cylinder open of bearing element, and this director element can unrestrictedly be supported by the bearing element 891 fixing with respect to machine rotationally by means of rolling bearing.Director element 892 has the pilot hole 893 that honing knife is passed of being used to the axial perforation of the external diameter of honing knife coupling.On the circumference of director element, side is provided with a plurality of radial indent 894 that are evenly distributed on the circumference within it, and its quantity is corresponding to the quantity of cutting bar, and quilt is determined size like this, also can be fitted in the recess when the honing knife maximum extension even promptly cut bar, and not contact director element.Actuated element 895 is fixed on the director element 892 of annular, and this actuated element is along inwardly stretching in the interior week of the annular section of director element in the circular through hole 893.Inwardly the part of projection is determined size like this, be in its essentially no in a circumferential direction elongated slot 879 that is fitted into gap on the tool bodies 874 that is arranged on honing knife, this elongated slot extends on the whole length of tool bodies in the middle of two adjacent in a circumferential direction cutting bars with being parallel to cutter shaft.
Before honing processing beginning, the honing knife 870 that directly is rigidly fixed on the honing main shaft 810 is inserted the crankshaft bearing hole from entrance side, and at first utilizes its axis of guide 876 away from main shaft to pass the pilot hole 893 of inner cutter support 890.The relative rotation position of honing knife and rotating director element 892 is selected like this, and promptly the part of the inside projection of actuated element 895 is further seamlessly penetrated in the elongated slot 879 in the scope away from the axis of guide of main shaft.The continuation that has guaranteed honing knife thus imports, and promptly cuts bar 878 and can not pass guide ring contiguously with guide ring 892.When honing knife was continued sufficiently to import, the free end of the axis of guide 876 was clamped in the diagonal angle cribbing 835.Add man-hour in honing, motion moves back and forth in guide openings 893 honing knife corresponding to axial stroke, and the director element of annular is rotated in bearing element by actuated element 895 by the rotation of honing knife simultaneously.Guaranteed the reliable support of honing knife in workpiece whereby, thereby even the bending of long honing knife when radial load is very big, also can farthest be avoided.Because rotating director element 892 is passive, that is to say drive unit, but be carried motion that therefore such scheme relative cost is lower, and is very firmly reliable with running simultaneously by the motion of honing knife with self.
Interior " internal guide " of intermediate space that can be positioned between the axially adjacent hole section so also can be in other embodiment, realizes in the example embodiment as shown in FIG. 1.Also can be provided with two or more internal guide.Can save the subtend bearing of end side in case of necessity, particularly when in the bearing beam intermediate space in last end side inner guiding mechanism being installed.
The crankshaft bearing hole is relatively long hole, that is to say the exemplary with hole of comparing relative bigger axial length with bore dia." slotted hole " has typical obviously greater than 2.5 or 3 length-to-diameter ratio LDV under the meaning of the application's book, and wherein, LDV for example can be greater than 4 or greater than 6 or greater than 8.In contrast, " short hole ", for example the cylinder-bore in the internal combustion engine has and typically is 2.5 length-to-diameter ratio LDV to the maximum.The apparatus and method that illustrate in the application's book are used for the processing of slotted hole by special optimization, yet also can be used on the short hole in principle.
Claims (13)
1. one kind is used for the interior hole of finishing workpiece, method especially for the crankshaft bearing hole in the cylinder block crankshaft case of fine finishining internal combustion engine, in the method, produce the hole that processes based on ready hole, this hole that processes has the theoretical size that can be scheduled to, the theoretical construct of being scheduled to of internal surface of hole and the theoretical position of being scheduled in axle center, hole, it is characterized in that at least a efficient honing processing, in this is handled, use honing knife honing to be carried out in the hole according to the diameter in hole, produce the excision amount that is at least 0.5mm thus, wherein, described efficient honing is handled as the honing processing of axis calibration position and is carried out like this, promptly handles the moving to theoretical position that produces axle center, described hole by described efficient honing.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, wherein, middle insertion boring processing between described ready hole of manufacturing and described efficient honing processing, wherein, preferably when the crankshaft bearing hole of processing in the engine cylinder-body, described efficient honing is handled and is directly carried out behind the part in the formation crankshaft bearing hole that assembles engine cylinder-body.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described methods, wherein, during described efficient honing is handled, with material at least by stages with greater than 13mm
3/ s is particularly greater than 20mm
3The unit materials resection rate of/s is cut by machining.
4. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein, described honing knife during described efficient honing processing at least by stages with rotational speed greater than 400U/min, wherein, described rotating speed is preferably at least by stages greater than 1000U/min, particularly greater than 1500U/min, and/or described honing knife moves with the range speed greater than 12m/min during efficient honing processing at least by stages, wherein, this range speed particularly is between 30m/min and the 40m/min preferably at least by stages greater than 20m/min.
5. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein, workpiece is fixed on the location of workpiece, and the theoretical position in described honing knife and axle center, described hole is introduced in the described hole coaxially and move in described hole.
6. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein, described honing knife utilizes the syndeton of main shaft side to be rigidly connected on the honing main shaft, perhaps be connected with the rigidly connected drive link of described honing main shaft on, and being introduced at least one and syndeton turns up the soil on the bearing bearing support of arranging in the axial direction at interval, wherein, between described syndeton and described bearing bearing support, be furnished with at least one cutting group of described honing knife.
7. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein, the end segments away from main shaft of described honing knife is rotatably supported in the port of export relative with the arrival end hole in the diagonal angle cribbing, wherein, described diagonal angle cribbing is preferably when described honing knife carries out the axial stroke motion and described honing knife associated movement.
8. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein, described hole has a plurality of holes section, described hole section is aimed at mutually and is arranged at a certain distance in a row each other, wherein, described honing knife is introduced on two at least one positions between the adjacent hole section, and is supported with resisting radial load.
9. one kind is used for according to according to the hole in each the method finishing workpiece of aforementioned claim, the device in the crankshaft bearing hole in the cylinder block crankshaft case of fine finishining internal combustion engine particularly, have: at least one can be by the honing main shaft (110) of main shaft driving device driving, and honing knife (170) is connected or can be connected on the described honing main shaft; Be used to guide the supporting arrangement of the stroke motion of described honing knife, it is characterized in that, described honing knife directly or under the situation of centre connection positive drive bar is rigidly connected to or can be connected on the described honing main shaft, and described supporting arrangement (135) is set up for this reason, promptly on the bearing bearing support of arranging with certain axial distance with respect to the syndeton (172) of the main shaft side of described honing knife, act on like this on the described honing knife, promptly between described syndeton and described bearing bearing support, be furnished with at least one cutting group (178) of described honing knife.
10. according to the described device of claim 9, wherein, be provided with the work piece holder (140) that is used for described workpiece, and described supporting arrangement has the bearing (135) that is used for the described honing knife of rotatably support (170) in a side of described honing main shaft of deviating from of described work piece holder (110), wherein, described bearing preferably when described honing knife carries out stroke motion can with described honing knife associated movement.
11. according to claim 9 or 10 described devices, wherein, described device is set up for processing work, with regard to described workpiece, described hole has a plurality of holes section (462,463,464), described hole section aims at mutually and arranges at a certain distance each other that in a row wherein, at least one knives rack (426,437,890) is set for and is incorporated in two intermediate spaces between the adjacent holes section.
12. according to the described device of claim 11, wherein, described knives rack (890) has machine fixing fixable supporting member (891) and can freely rotate with respect to described supporting member, be rotatably supported on the described supporting member or inner director element (892), described director element has and is used to the pilot hole (893) that makes described honing knife pass, wherein, rotating described director element preferably has at least one actuated element (895), and described actuated element is set in the recess that is embedded on the tool bodies that is arranged on described honing knife.
13. according to each described device in the claim 9 to 12, wherein, described honing knife has a plurality of cutting bars (178) that distribute around tool bodies, and the length of described cutting bar is greater than three times of the effective diameter of described honing knife, particularly greater than its four times.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010010901.0A DE102010010901B4 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2010-03-05 | Method and apparatus for fine machining a crankshaft bearing bore |
| DE102010010901.0 | 2010-03-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102240961A true CN102240961A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101131124A Pending CN102240961A (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-03-04 | Method and apparatus for finish machining crankshaft bearing borehole |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN102240961A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102010010901B4 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103447903A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-18 | 潍柴动力(潍坊)再制造有限公司 | Reproducing method of main bearing hole of engine cylinder block assembly |
| CN104400612A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-11 | 重庆蔡氏液压设备有限公司 | Inner hole honing equipment for master cylinder of hydraulic machine |
| CN105598820A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-05-25 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Honing machine |
| CN107538287A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-05 | 陈军 | A kind of high-end grinding apparatus of integral type |
| CN110666466A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-10 | 杭州锴铭机械制造有限公司 | High-precision machining process of crankcase |
| CN112025536A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-12-04 | 苏州信能精密机械有限公司 | Part clamping mechanism of honing system |
| CN114555295A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2022-05-27 | 德国格林机床有限及两合公司 | Honing machine and method for honing orthogonally aligned bores in a workpiece |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011079900A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-31 | Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and processing plant for fine machining a crankshaft bearing bore |
| DE102012204483A1 (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Machine housing with a bore for an internal combustion engine |
| DE102014210012A1 (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-11-26 | Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg | Honing process for fine machining of holes |
| CN104625233A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-05-20 | 大连船用推进器有限公司 | Portable differential reaming device and using method thereof |
| CN105382600A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-09 | 重庆市钜铖机械有限公司 | Drilling fixture for end face of cam shaft |
| CN115415745B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-01-26 | 江苏双环齿轮有限公司 | Production process of multi-step precision die forging with hole shafting |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103447903A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-18 | 潍柴动力(潍坊)再制造有限公司 | Reproducing method of main bearing hole of engine cylinder block assembly |
| CN103447903B (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-09-09 | 潍柴动力(潍坊)再制造有限公司 | The reproducing method of engine cylinder block assembly main bearing hole |
| CN104400612A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-11 | 重庆蔡氏液压设备有限公司 | Inner hole honing equipment for master cylinder of hydraulic machine |
| CN105598820A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-05-25 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Honing machine |
| CN107538287A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-05 | 陈军 | A kind of high-end grinding apparatus of integral type |
| CN107538287B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-07-31 | 肇庆市科鸿机械有限公司 | A kind of high-end grinding apparatus of integral type |
| CN114555295A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2022-05-27 | 德国格林机床有限及两合公司 | Honing machine and method for honing orthogonally aligned bores in a workpiece |
| CN114555295B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2023-08-29 | 德国格林机床有限及两合公司 | Honing machine and method for honing orthogonally aligned holes in a workpiece |
| CN110666466A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-10 | 杭州锴铭机械制造有限公司 | High-precision machining process of crankcase |
| CN112025536A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-12-04 | 苏州信能精密机械有限公司 | Part clamping mechanism of honing system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102010010901A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
| DE102010010901B4 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
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Application publication date: 20111116 |