CN102234698A - Novel energy-saving and environment-friendly technology for making iron and making iron alloy by using lamp-shaped furnace - Google Patents
Novel energy-saving and environment-friendly technology for making iron and making iron alloy by using lamp-shaped furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102234698A CN102234698A CN2010101633183A CN201010163318A CN102234698A CN 102234698 A CN102234698 A CN 102234698A CN 2010101633183 A CN2010101633183 A CN 2010101633183A CN 201010163318 A CN201010163318 A CN 201010163318A CN 102234698 A CN102234698 A CN 102234698A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel energy-saving and environment-friendly method for making iron and making an iron alloy by using a lamp-shaped furnace. Large-air hole pressure-proof type ore is loaded from the top of the furnace by using the lamp-shaped furnace with a small furnace hearth and a hot furnace core, coal oxygen or coal power is jetted from the furnace hearth, high-temperature reduction gas is generated and rises to reduce the type ore, reduced furnace gas is combusted again to preheat the descended type ore, and the utilization rate of CO in the furnace is approximate to 100 percent. The furnace has a small amount of coke, low air displacement, a high material temperature and high smelting speed and does not have nitrogen, so that the utilization coefficient of furnace capacity is improved by more than 10 times compared with that of a blast furnace. The standard coal consumption in each ton of iron is less than 400kg and oxygen consumption is less than 320NM<3>, or coal consumption is less than 270kg, power consumption is less than 1,000 degrees and the oxygen consumption is less than 25NM<3>. The occupied area, investment and employees of a lamp furnace ton iron factory cannot reach one fifth of those of a blast furnace process. The energy consumption of the iron alloy reduced by coal electric furnace charcoal is lowered to a great extent, and the novel method is suitable for updating and leading the conventional energy-saving and emission-reduction technology of large and medium blast furnaces or submerged arc furnaces.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the smelting iron and steel technical field, be specifically related to a kind of without coke, agglomerate, and with the new technology of ironmaking of the lamp shape stove of type ore deposit, coal oxygen or coal electricity or ironmaking alloy.
Background technology:
Ironmaking at present or ironmaking alloy, adopt coke, agglomerate to smelt in the hot stove of blast furnace or ore deposit, thereby have following shortcoming mostly: coke-oven plant, the sintering plant of 1. producing coke, agglomerate pollute big; 2. the coke of variable grain, agglomerate are packed into from furnace roof, make the furnace gas complex distributionization, the CO that the reduction of shaft hypomere is discharged
2Produce a large amount of CO in shaft epimere and burnt reaction, have little time reduction reaction and just discharged out of the furnace, cause blast furnace CO utilization ratio＜54% in decades, ore deposit hot stove CO utilization ratio is lower; 3. the top filling device can not seal fully to the high atmospheric pressure coal gas of smelting in the stove, the stifled stove eye of coming out of the stove out, and contaminate environment, big blast-furnace hot-air blows less than the stove heart, causes stove bitterly disappointed, the slow or stagnation of smelting speed, and stove Zhou Wendu height, heat radiation causes a large amount of thermosteresis; 4. coke, the nitrogen of not participating in reaction have accounted for the overwhelming majority of heat size, and ton iron free air delivery is big, causes the heat size utilization coefficient of blast furnace, the hot stove in ore deposit over nearly 50 years seldom to improve, and the ton iron-based is built investment greatly.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, and provide a kind of without coke, agglomerate, and with type ore deposit, coal oxygen or coal electricity, the lamp shape stove ironmaking of energy-conserving and environment-protective or the new technology of alloy of smelting iron.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: design that a kind of cupola well is little, the lamp shape stove of stove heart heat, the furnace roof of lamp shape stove is equipped with the feeding device of sealing coal gas, rotational slide material mouth, pack into from furnace roof in the type ore deposit of withstand voltage big breather hole pipeloop or ring, coal oxygen or coal electricity are jetted from cupola well, the reduction of ore deposit combustion adverse current produces the reduction air-flow of high temperature, folder coke, makes the type ore deposit reduction of decline, and the furnace gas after the reduction is at the shaft epimere, again through the burning of spray oxygen, the type ore deposit that preheating descends.
Technique scheme of the present invention makes the interior CO utilization ratio of stove near 100%, and effects of energy saving and emission reduction is good.Connect molten iron and the pulp water draw in the cupola well with siphon pipe, send into storage iron flask and slag field respectively, avoid conventional art to open stifled stove eye and the flue dust and the thermal radiation that produce are polluted, add to need not to set up with serious pollution coke-oven plant, sintering plant, thereby environment protection significance is great.
In the technique scheme, the furnace bosh internal diameter of lamp shape stove is bigger more than 4 times than cupola well internal diameter, and its internal diameter of the bottom of shaft epimere obviously dwindles than the top of shaft hypomere.
In the technique scheme, the lamp shape stove external form picture point of coal oxygen heat supply is propped up the paper lantern of candle, and the lamp shape stove of coal electricity heat supply is as the oil light of the band lens of lighting kerosene before 50 years.Compare with blast furnace, cupola well is little, and the furnace bosh internal diameter is bigger more than 4 times than cupola well internal diameter, obviously dwindle at the top of its internal diameter of the bottom of shaft epimere, for establishing spray oxygen circle pipe spray oxygen, fully burning stove week than shaft hypomere, combustiblematerials in the rising furnace gas is with the type ore deposit of preheating decline.During coal electricity heat supply ironmaking alloy, the furnace gas CO content after the reduction is higher, can establish pipe and extract unnecessary gas preheating type ore deposit in advance below oxygen circle pipe, for generating or other usefulness.Lamp shape stove each several part height and internal diameter, material needs the residence time to determine required volume size in this zone, position during by smelting.
In the technique scheme, furnace roof adopts the feeding device of sealing coal gas of the present invention, rotational slide material mouth, and this easy device is by the modern fluid mechanics principle design, and the body of heater internal pressure only influences the small area of material mouth, only very low-power can promote material mouthful rotation, seals or opens.Ensure high atmospheric pressure operation in the stove and improve output.Device height, weight and cost reduce greatly than high furnace feeder.
In the technique scheme, cupola well has following advantage for a short time: 1. the siphon pipe continuous tapping is slagged tap, and need not open stifled stove eye and decontamination; 2. stock line in the furnace, slag line, molten iron line stabilization are on the certain level line, and the favourable working of a furnace is stable, improve output; 3. favourable heat is concentrated and is enlarged in stove high sharp cone drip melt district of axis or soft heat district in the heart, makes in the stove the high reaction of material temperature fast.And stove Zhou Wendu is low, and cooling apparatus and thermosteresis reduce; 4. coal oxygen nozzle or coal EFI are chewed on the bosh cupola well, and quantity can significantly reduce, and reduces investment outlay.
In the technique scheme, the lamp shape cupola well of type ore deposit, the ironmaking of coal oxygen or ironmaking alloy is a drum shape, the bosh middle part, only need the defeated coal grain of 4-5 spiral pump of layout to go into abdomen, coal is gone into to be heated behind the stove and is become coke, cupola well only need be arranged that 4-5 oxygen is chewed the coke grain is sprayed into stove axis top and the reaction of type ore deposit, form the slag iron drip melt district that a higher sharp cone high temperature reduction air-flow and coke enliven.
In the technique scheme, with the lamp shape stove of heat supply ironmaking of coal electricity or iron alloy, cupola well is to be protruding doleiform for a short time on big down, with do not descended drip melt collision eletrode tip and damaging of guard electrode.On the same horizontal plane of cupola well lower tip, become 120 degree angles to arrange the hollow graphite electrode of three defeated coal dusts, after the energising, in the utmost point heart circle of three electrodes, produce the reduction high pressure reduction air-flow of the plasma folder coke powder of temperature up to 5000 ℃, rise up into the reaction of the stove heart and type ore deposit, form a high sharp cone High Temperature High Pressure reduction air-flow and the active drip melt district of coke powder.
In the technique scheme, no matter be coal oxygen or coal electric smelting, all require to use the modern fluid mechanics principle, instruct nozzle equipment and technological design, the air-flow coke that High Temperature High Pressure can be reduced is ejected into top, stove axis higher position, compile and form a thin and tall sharp cone reduction air-flow and the active drip melt district of coke, heat can rationally be distributed according to reaction needed, do not concentrate on furnace bosh and shaft hypomere and reduce the molten iron si content.Requirement type pipe circle or ring breather hole have enough big, in coke enlivens the drip melt district, a large amount of coke can be filled in pipeloop or the ring hole, constitute a soft heat district clamshell, bottom, soft heat district clamshell inner wall temperature reaches 1400 ℃, and outside the clamshell, the charge-temperature that accounts for the overwhelming majority in the stove is below 1000 ℃, make most types ore deposit keep solid state, it is unimpeded and improve output to help directly reducing air feed and exhaust.
In the technique scheme, development shape pressure resistant type of the same size ore deposit is to solve the furnace charge air permeability problem.Must 1. select the high smart iron ore of content for use, mix the compacting of an amount of limestone powder and small amount of binder.2. suitably use big pressure, make particle closely solid, also can improve softening temperature.3. be designed to the type ore deposit withstand voltage, big breather hole road shape, as: square tube circle type ore deposit or pipe circle type ore deposit or annulus circle type ore deposit make the type ore deposit stress that volume tightens and expands and produce when the phase transformation of furnace high-temperature district, can be evenly distributed on pipeloop or ring on week, embrace and difficult whole the damage as circular boop.4. require still have big breather hole circle, can fill enough coke in the hole,, make furnace gas can unimpededly arrive clamshell outer ring, soft heat district with raising type ore deposit sections softening temperature at soft heat district temperature pipeloop or ring.
In the technique scheme, make reductive agent ironmaking or ironmaking alloy with charcoal, metallurgy principle is the same, the heat that need supply with when just smelting, reduction difficulty, reduction back some difference of emission gases CO content concn.For example refining contains the iron ore of a small amount of useful element Mn, V, Cr, Nb, Ti, and available blast furnace is smelt molten iron, reclaims useful element from the molten iron-steelmaking process from slag then.The poor iron ore that contains a large amount of above-mentioned useful elements can directly be smelt iron alloy with the hot stove in ore deposit.
No matter conventional art is with the hot stove of blast furnace or ore deposit, ironmaking or ironmaking alloy, all need coke to make reductive agent, great majority are also used agglomerate, pollute seriously, energy consumption increases, and the present invention directly does the melting in lamp shape stove of reductive agent and type ore deposit with coal, reach energy-saving, emission-reducing, environment friendly, solved an above-mentioned difficult problem.
Conventional art blast furnace and lamp shape stove of the present invention compare:
The tradition blast furnace:
1, need the coke-oven plant, sintering plant is opened stifled stove eye when coming out of the stove, pollute seriously, and energy consumption increases.
2, variable grain ore deposit, Jiao pack into from furnace roof, and cupola well air blast, the burnt cocurrent flow reduction in ore deposit make the furnace gas complex distributionization, the CO that discharges after the prereduction
2In stove, generate a large amount of CO and be discharged from outside the stove, make the CO utilization ratio in the stove be difficult to surpass 54%, and burnt consumption is high with the C reaction.Add coking, sintering, the about 600Kg of ton iron mark coal consumption.
3, big blast-furnace hot-air blows less than the stove heart, cause furnace shell heat, thermosteresis is big during cooling heat dissipation, and stove heart temperature is low, become dead material district, smelting speed is slow, add that the coke and the nitrogen that do not participate in reacting respectively occupy a large amount of volumes, add and to adopt elevated pressures to smelt in the stove that the heat size utilization coefficient rests on 2.5T/M over nearly 50 years
3About it.
4, complex procedures equipment is many, and factory building takes up an area of many, and the employee is many, and the investment of ton iron is big.
Lamp shape stove of the present invention:
1, do not need coke-oven plant, sintering plant, come out of the stove and need not open stifled stove eye, pollute light, the saving energy.
2, the ore deposit is adorned from furnace roof, coal oxygen or the spray of coal electric furnace cylinder bottom, the reduction of ore deposit combustion adverse current, the high CO concentration furnace gas that whole reduction is discharged, confession shaft stage casing does not have prereduction under the charcoal situation, and the furnace gas after the prereduction contains 15%CO approximately, in after-burning confession preheating type ore deposit and decomposition of limestone and the dehydration again of shaft epimere.Make in the stove CO utilization ratio near 100%, when the prereduction rate reaches 50% when above, coal consumption and free air delivery reduce as far as possible.Coal electric smelting, mark coal consumption＜270Kg, power consumption 1000 degree, oxygen consumption＜25NM
3, free air delivery＜320NM
3, the melting of coal oxygen, mark coal refining consumption≤400, oxygen consumption＜320NM
3, free air delivery＜640NM
3
3, stove is interior burnt few, and no nitrogen occupies volume, and stove heart heat, material temperature height are smelted fast.Coal electric smelting free air delivery only blast furnace 1/4, coal oxygen melting free air delivery only blast furnace 1/2.Can adopt higher Pneumatic pressure operatedly in the stove,, make lamp shape stove heat size utilization coefficient improve more than 10 times than blast furnace to improve output.The ironmaking of lamp shape stove coal oxygen can replace blast furnace ironmaking, and reason is the same with oxygen coverter replacement openhearth steelmaking.
4, the operation simplified apparatus is few, and factory building takes up an area of few, and the employee is few, and the investment of ton iron is less than blast furnace process 1/5.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment:
Furnace charge air permeability problem during for solution ironmaking or ferroalloy smelting, design pipeloop or three kinds of type ore deposits of ring, can under blast furnace stock column pressure, resistance to compression be difficult for crushing, type ore deposit volumetric shrinkage or stress of being subjected to when expanding when high temperature are not waled as circular boop and to be loose and the good ventilation property in holding type ore deposit to circle girth uniform distribution.Specifically please refer to the patent No. 02113982.2 of fourth public rights, patent name " blast furnace type mine coal lump hot blast or oxygen do not have burnt low nitrogen iron smelting method ".
The present invention can smelt iron and can refine the coal oxygen melting of manganeseirom, is to utilize under existing blast-furnace technique and the building materials condition, builds than the lamp shape stove of blast furnace heat size utilization coefficient raising more than 10 times.Adopt the retailoring of ore deposit combustion adverse current.Cupola well bosh aerogenesis, furnace bosh reduction eventually is fused into molten iron, the CO high-content furnace gas that the shaft stage casing utilizes reduction eventually to discharge, pre-reduction type ore deposit under no charcoal situation, the prereduction rate reaches 50%, the furnace gas of discharging after the prereduction contains 15% CO approximately, sprays the type ore deposit that oxygen burning preheating furnace roof descends again at the shaft epimere, makes the interior CO utilization ratio of stove reach energy-saving and emission-reduction near 100%.
The little cupola well of the present invention design is to be little cupola well with reference to the Ancient Times in China iron-smelting furnace, and favourable 1. heat concentrates on the stove heart, reduces the furnace shell cooling loss, 2. stove heart heat, and the material temperature is high, smelts soon.3. simplified equipment only needs 4-5 coal to chew with oxygen and chews.4. slag tap continuously with siphon pipe and tap a blast furnace, make stock line in the furnace, slag line.The molten iron line stabilization on the certain level line, favourable automatic control and improve output.
Smelt iron with reference to adorning three root graphite electrode electric blast furnaces last century, or adorn the defeated coal dust of three hollow graphite electrodes, the energising back produces the heat-supplying mode of high-temperature plasma coke powder and ironmaking of reduction air-flow or ironmaking alloy.Be applied on the lamp shape stove of the present invention, make CO utilization ratio and heat size utilization coefficient in the stove, than electric blast furnace, the hot stove in ore deposit etc. significantly improve, and reach the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
With reference to space flight space vehicles docking technique, high atmospheric pressure only bears in the charging opening small area in the design stove with hydromeehanics in the present invention, only needs very low-power, just can Unscrew or close the material mouthful of sliding, simple and easy reliable, can anti-stove in high atmospheric pressure smelt down and improve output.
The accompanying drawing marking explanation:
1---body of heater 2---Fe
2O
3Type ore deposit 3---Fe
2O
3Preheating zone, type ore deposit
4---Fe
2O
3Sodalime stone resolver, type ore deposit 5---after-burning spray oxygen
6---Fe
2O
3Type ore deposit reduction Fe
3O
4Type mining area 7---Fe
3O
4The prereduction of type ore deposit becomes Fe
xO type mining area
8---Fe
xO type ore deposit is reduced into iron district 9---Fe eventually
xSections folder coke soft heat district, O type ore deposit
10---defeated coal grain spiral pump 11---molten iron 12---continuous tapping siphon pipes
13---the siphon pipe 14 of slagging tap continuously---the burnt heap 15 of cupola well---bosh Jiao Dui
16---active coke+slag iron drip melt district 17---receiving hopper
18---go up the following rotational slide material oralia of rotational slide material oralia 19---feed bin 20---
21---air pressure adjusting valve 22---coal grain 23---coal bunkers
24---storage iron flask 25---vacuum tightness variable valve 26---the vacuum siphon pipes that regularly tap a blast furnace
27---hot metal ladle 28---vapor pipe.
Claims (5)
1. the new technology of the lamp shape stove of energy-conserving and environment-protective ironmaking or ironmaking alloy, it is characterized in that: design that a kind of cupola well is little, the lamp shape stove of stove heart heat, the furnace roof of lamp shape stove is equipped with the feeding device of sealing coal gas, rotational slide material mouth, pack into from furnace roof in the type ore deposit of withstand voltage big breather hole pipeloop or ring, coal oxygen or coal electricity are jetted from cupola well, the reduction of ore deposit combustion adverse current produces the reduction air-flow of high temperature, folder coke, make the type ore deposit reduction of decline, furnace gas after the reduction is at the shaft epimere, again through the burning of spray oxygen, the type ore deposit that preheating descends.Technique scheme of the present invention makes the interior CO utilization ratio of stove near 100%, and effects of energy saving and emission reduction is good.Connect molten iron and the pulp water draw in the cupola well with siphon pipe, send into storage iron flask and slag field respectively, avoid conventional art to open stifled stove eye and the flue dust and the thermal radiation that produce are polluted, add to need not to set up with serious pollution coke-oven plant, sintering plant, thereby environment protection significance is great.
2. the new technology of the lamp shape stove of energy-conserving and environment-protective according to claim 1 ironmaking or ironmaking alloy, it is characterized in that: the furnace bosh internal diameter of lamp shape stove is bigger more than 4 times than cupola well internal diameter, and its internal diameter of the bottom of shaft epimere obviously dwindles than the top of shaft hypomere.
3. the new technology of the lamp shape stove of energy-conserving and environment-protective according to claim 1 ironmaking or ironmaking alloy, it is characterized in that: the lamp shape stove cupola well of type ore deposit, the ironmaking of coal oxygen or ironmaking alloy is a drum shape, the bosh middle part, only need the defeated coal grain of 4～5 spiral pumps of layout to go into abdomen, be heated after coal is gone in the stove and become burnt grain, only need corresponding layout 4-5 oxygen to chew on the cupola well, Jiao's grain is sprayed into top, stove axis and the reaction of type ore deposit, form the active slag iron drip melt district of a higher sharp cone high temperature reduction air-flow and coke.
4. according to the lamp shape stove ironmaking of the described energy-conserving and environment-protective of claim 1 or the new technology of ironmaking alloy, it is characterized in that: with the lamp shape stove of coal electricity heat supply ironmaking or iron alloy, for a short time be protruding doleiform on cupola well is big down, on the same horizontal plane of cupola well lower tip, become 120 degree angles to arrange the hollow graphite electrode of three defeated coal dusts, after the energising, in the utmost point heart circle of three electrode tips, produce the high pressure reduction air-flow of the plasma folder coke powder of temperature up to 5000 ℃, rise up into the reaction of the stove heart and type ore deposit, form a high sharp cone High Temperature High Pressure reduction air-flow and the active drip melt district of coke.
5. according to the lamp shape stove ironmaking of the described energy-conserving and environment-protective of claim 1 or the new technology of ironmaking alloy, it is characterized in that: with coal oxygen or coal electric smelting, nozzle equipment reduces air-flow with High Temperature High Pressure, be ejected into top, stove axis higher position, compile thin and tall sharp cone reduction air-flow of formation and the active drip melt district of coke.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101633183A CN102234698A (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2010-05-06 | Novel energy-saving and environment-friendly technology for making iron and making iron alloy by using lamp-shaped furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101633183A CN102234698A (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2010-05-06 | Novel energy-saving and environment-friendly technology for making iron and making iron alloy by using lamp-shaped furnace |
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| CN102234698A true CN102234698A (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103740888A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-04-23 | 丁公权 | Novel clean molten steel continuous refining technology of iron ore concentrate in electric furnace |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07197114A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-08-01 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Coke packing layer type vertical smelting furnace |
| CN1442491A (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2003-09-17 | 丁公权 | Blast furnace type mine coal lump hot air or oxygen cokeless low nitrogen iron smelting method |
| CN101603105A (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2009-12-16 | 沈阳东方钢铁有限公司 | A kind of siphon tapping device for blast furnace ironmaking |
-
2010
- 2010-05-06 CN CN2010101633183A patent/CN102234698A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07197114A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-08-01 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Coke packing layer type vertical smelting furnace |
| CN1442491A (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2003-09-17 | 丁公权 | Blast furnace type mine coal lump hot air or oxygen cokeless low nitrogen iron smelting method |
| CN101603105A (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2009-12-16 | 沈阳东方钢铁有限公司 | A kind of siphon tapping device for blast furnace ironmaking |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103740888A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-04-23 | 丁公权 | Novel clean molten steel continuous refining technology of iron ore concentrate in electric furnace |
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Application publication date: 20111109 |