CN102226127A - Raw oil refining technique - Google Patents
Raw oil refining technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of grease refinement, particularly a raw oil refining technique which comprises the following steps: hydrating stirred raw oil, carrying out alkali refining, washing with water, drying and decoloring, filtering the fine oil, and deodorizing to obtain the refined oil. The raw oil refining technique provided by the invention can effectively remove colloid, saponin and other impurities in raw oil; by adopting the alkali refining process, pigments in the saponin is effectively adsorbed, thereby increasing the yield of the byproduct, lowering the production cost, enhancing the product quality, and further increasing the yield of the refined oil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the accurately machined field of grease, especially a kind of crude oil refinery practice.
Background technology
Crude oil is meant from animal or vegetable oil material and produces, do not have the primary oil through refining processing.Crude oil is because complete processing is simple, impure many, the easy deterioration by oxidations of this oil, unsuitable standing storage, because without refining, may there be problems such as remains of pesticide, heavy metal contamination and contain objectionable impurities, as containing gossypol in the hair cotton oil, chronic gossypol poisoning person often has heating, myasthenia of the limbs, appetite to descend, even disability; Gossypol can suppress mankind spermatozoon and generate, and causes male sterility; Hair peanut oil, hair contain flavacin in the Semen Maydis oil, and this is a kind of strong carcinogen, and the permission content in the refining oil is 20 micrograms in the per kilogram edible oil, and without can be up to 600 micrograms in the purified peanut oil; Contain a large amount of erucic acid and sulphur glycoside compound in the Crude Dapeseed Oil, these compounds might aggravate disease concerning the people who suffers from cardiovascular disorder, also may cause thyromegaly; Hair Rice pollard oil, sunflower seed oil contain the stodgy wax in 2% left and right sides; Then contain 1%～3% phosphatide in soya-bean oil and the rape oil, these all need to remove through refining.
Obtain refining oil after the technology degumming raw oil-alkali refining-decolouring-deodorization-dewaxing successively of existing crude oil refinement refining oil, existing technology makes that vertical a large amount of free fatty acids is neutralized by alkali behind the crude oil, produce a large amount of Chinese honey locusts, cause the loss of more neutral oil, thereby cause the product quality instability, production efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: in order to overcome the problem that exists in above-mentioned, provide a kind of product with stable quality, crude oil refinery practice that production efficiency is high.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of crude oil refinery practice obtains refining oil with the crude oil after stirring after aquation, alkali refining, washing, dry decolouring, essential oil filtration, deodorization.
After the crude oil pump advances oil refining cauldron, start agitator, treat that oil mixes after, crude oil in the oil refining cauldron is carried out preheating, crude oil is heated with stirring to 50 ℃～70 ℃, after reaching temperature, single according to crude oil valency side, when crude oil contains nonhydratable phosphatide, adding phosphoric acid amount is 1 of oil mass～3 ‰, stirred 20～40 minutes, and added the synthermal water of crude oil weight 3～8%, add 15～25 minutes water time, when the cohesion of colloid particle is obvious separation, stirred 20～30 minutes, and precipitated 5～7 hours, measure degumming effect, carry out oil, oil foot separates, and isolated gummy bottoms contains certain crude oil, and gummy bottoms is put into the pin case, after being heated to 85 ℃, remove salt, after quiescent settling is treated oil and oil foot is separated, reclaim the top grease into oil foot weight 5-10%.。
Need to measure the acid value of crude oil before the grease or do not need the crude oil of aquation to enter the alkali refining operation after the aquation, alkali refining.According to acid value, preparation alkali lye.The crude oil acid value is below 3, concentration of lye 10Be °, crude oil acid value 3---5, concentration of lye 11Be °, crude oil acid value 5---7, alkali lye 12Be °, crude oil acid value 7 above concentration of lye 14Be °, when the crude oil temperature is 30 ℃～40 ℃, adding phosphoric acid amount is 1 of crude oil weight～4 ‰, stir after 20～40 minutes, the crude oil temperature rises to 60～80 ℃ simultaneously, adds alkali lye, stirring velocity slows down gradually, stirred 30～50 minutes, and added the water of crude oil weight 3～10%, with the crude oil temperature by per two minutes speed to 80～95 of 1～3 ℃ ℃, staticly settled 5～9 hours, fall soap stock and put into the oil foot case, the upper strata grease changes over to be washed pot and washes, and oily soap separates.
Crude oil behind the alkali refining is heated to 60 ℃～80 ℃ by stirring with oily temperature, pay attention to the oily soap separation case of alkali refining, if alkali refining oil saponified matter content is higher, then suitably control churning time, 6%～12% 60～85 ℃ the water that adds crude oil weight, stirred 10～40 minutes, and after adding water and finishing, should close indirect steam, prevent that the rising of temperature rising water vapour from producing floating soap, staticly settled 3～8 hours, the cleaning of evaporator bottom valve of fetching boiling water, precipitation are put into washing oil foot case, lowest layer water can directly discharge the oil foot pond, oil one water successive layers oil foot oleaginousness is more, needs to reclaim neutral oil at the oil foot case, and the neutral oil of recovery can directly enter water preface operation.
Open the water vacuum pump, and open steam admission valve between Decolouring pot, after treating that vacuum reaches 0.095MPA, beginning aquation oil, keep Decolouring pot vacuum tightness, and start agitator, aquation oil is dewatered, oily temperature is heated to 80～95 ℃, 2～6% of adding crude oil weight carclazyte is opened the carclazyte inlet valve in the carclazyte jar, and carclazyte is sucked Decolouring pot, stir steam off opening of valves cold valves after 10～20 minutes, feed cold water, with oily temperature drop to 60～75 ℃, treat bleached oil filter treat oil colours become clear after, oil is decided the bleached oil color and luster, filters.
Bleached oil is pumped into the pressure filter that filter cloth is housed to be filtered, during the dress filter cloth, lay and be convinced, avoided folding line, with screw block filter plate has been compressed again, when essential oil begins to filter, the filtrate of first few minutes has muddiness slightly, filtrate must enter decolouring roily oil case, and after filter residue reached certain thickness, the breaking of oil that leaches was transparent, oil is gone into into decolouring edible vegetable oil case, in the oil strain process, fuel-displaced whether clarification of every filter plate oil nozzle of running check, if oil is muddy shape, close this oil nozzle immediately, when in the filter filter frame during long-pending full filter residue, the filter cake layer resistance increases, and when the tensimeter indication reaches 0.4Mpa, should stop oil strain and prepare clear filter residue.Before the clear filter residue, at first open the air that contracts filter chamber is blown, gassing time kept more than 2 hours, and oil filter unclamps screw block through after the blows air over, scrapes from filter cloth with scuppit hilt filter residue.
Start heat-conducting oil furnace and begin to the deodorizing tank heat supply, start overhead vacuum pump and vacuumize, deodorizing tank reaches-0.099Mpa, when oily temperature reaches 150 ℃ in the deodorizing tank, oil is stirred; When oily temperature reaches 180 ℃, oil is carried out the stripping deodorization, deodorization simultaneously 1～2 hour, oil temperature by 1 ℃～3 ℃/hour speed to 200 ℃～250 ℃, is cooled off the oil after the deodorization, opened the cooling tank vacuum valve, cooling tank is vacuumized, when vacuum reaches 0.99, open deodorizing tank bottom oil drain valve, drain the oil to cooling tank.Open cooling tank open steam valve, introduce in the direct vapour cooling tank and stir, at first advance bleached oil during continuous production by heat transfer tube, inject water coolant to cooling water coil then, below the oily temperature drop to 70 ℃, the cooling deodorised oil is pumped into the stainless steel oil tank through polish filter, and qualified finished product is fuel-displaced.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that crude oil refinery practice of the present invention can be removed impurity such as colloid in the crude oil, soap stock effectively; Adopt the alkali refining operation, reached the effect of pigment in the soap stock absorption effectively, thereby improved the byproduct income, reduced production cost, improved quality product, thereby improved the refining oil yield.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation.These accompanying drawings are the synoptic diagram of simplification, basic structure of the present invention only is described in a schematic way, so it only show the formation relevant with the present invention.Crude oil refinery practice flow process of the present invention as shown in Figure 1:
One, aquation operation:
(1) after the crude oil pump advances oil refining cauldron, start agitator, treat that oil mixes after, get crude oil 100ml with stopple coupon, send the laboratory to measure colloidal impurity content greater than 1% or detect and contain nonhydratable phosphatide, need carry out the aquation operation;
(2) during aquation, at first crude oil in the oil refining cauldron is carried out preheating, under stirring at low speed,, be preheating to 60 ℃ of oil temperature with the indirect steam heating;
(3) reach temperature after, single according to crude oil valency side, the crude oil that contains nonhydratable phosphatide adds oil and weighs 1---2 ‰ food phosphates (85%), and stirred the hot water that evenly sprayed equality of temperature in 30 minutes afterwards fast, the water yield is that oil is heavy by about 6%, water spraying time is at 15～20min, and when cohesion of colloid particle and obvious the separation, the employing slowtime is 20mim～30mim, promptly stop to stir quiescent settling;
(4) sedimentation is after 6 hours, and the 100ml that draws oil sample send the laboratory to measure degumming effect, and qualified then 8hr carries out oil, and oil foot separates, and defectively then repeats above-mentioned 2,3 processes, and changes hot water into 5% salt;
(5) isolated gummy bottoms contains certain crude oil, and gummy bottoms is put into the pin case, be heated to 85 ℃ after, remove salt into oil foot weight 5～10%, quiescent settling is treated oil and after oil foot separates, recovery top grease, the grease of recovery enters the next batch crude oil.
Two, alkali refining operation:
(1) grease or do not need the crude oil of aquation to enter the alkali refining operation after the aquation needs to measure the acid value of crude oil before the alkali refining.According to acid value, preparation alkali lye.The crude oil acid value is below 3, and concentration of lye 10Be °, crude oil acid value 3～5, concentration of lye 11Be °, crude oil acid value 5～7, alkali lye 12Be °, crude oil acid value 7 above concentration of lye 14Be °;
(2) crude oil that does not carry out aquation is when 35 ℃ of left and right sides of oil temperature, adds 1.5～3 ‰ heavy food phosphates of oil, stirs 30mim fast, and the standard width of a room in an old-style house connects steam then, and crude oil is warming up to 75 ℃;
(3) reach alkali refining oil temperature after, adding equably in the oil under stirring fast according to the alkali lye amount of calculating, make oil and alkali thorough mixing, be controlled at add-subtract time about 30mim, change into then and stir 40mim at a slow speed;
(4) note observing neat soap generation situation in the oil in the process of Jiao Baning, according to the neat soap size, the settling velocity speed adds oil and weighs 4～8% hot water.After adding water, with oily temperature rise to 90 ℃, stop to stir standing sedimentation by the speed of 1 ℃ on per two clocks;
(5) leave standstill 6～8 hours after, fall soap stock and put into the oil foot case, the upper strata grease change over to wash the pot wash;
(6) soap stock is put into and is adopted the heating that slowly heats up of indirectly normal vapour behind the oil foot case, by " aquation process operations instruction " the 5th method recovery neutral oil.If reclaim in the soap stock not exclusively, continue to boil recovery sneaking into next batch.
Three, washing step:
(1) after alkali refining oil enters the washing pot, stirs at a slow speed, be warmed up to 70 ℃.And pay attention to the oily soap separation case of alkali refining, if alkali refining oil saponified matter content is higher, then suitably control churning time;
(2) reach the oily temperature of washing after, open fast and stir, add oil and weigh 8～10% hot water.Water temperature remains on about 75 ℃, adds about 20mim of water time, adds the water back that finishes and continues to stir fast 15mim, stirs 20mim then at a slow speed, stops to stir, leaving standstill;
(3) add water and finish after, should close indirect steam, prevent from that temperature rising water vapour from rising to produce floating soap;
(4) standing sedimentation 4～6hr, the cleaning of evaporator bottom valve of fetching boiling water, precipitation put into washing oil foot case, and lowest layer water can directly discharge the oil foot pond, and an oily water successive layers oil foot oleaginousness is more, needs to reclaim neutral oil at the oil foot case.Neutral oil can directly enter water preface operation;
(5) washing qualified after, squeeze into dry Decolouring pot.
Four, dry decolouring:
(1) open the water vacuum pump, and open steam admission valve between Decolouring pot, treat that vacuum reaches 0.095MPA after, beginning aquation oil;
(2) keep Decolouring pot vacuum tightness, and start agitator, aquation oil is dewatered, after oily temperature reaches 95 ℃, kept 1 hour.The 100ml that draws oil sample then enters the laboratory and surveys grease moisture.Decolouring is prepared in the qualified back of moisture;
(3) in the carclazyte jar, pour an amount of carclazyte into.Measure addition in vain by the given ratio standard in laboratory, it is heavy by 3～5% to be generally oil;
(4) open the carclazyte inlet valve, carclazyte sucked Decolouring pot, continue to stir 15mim after, steam off opening of valves cold valves feeds cold water, fast cooling oil to 70 ℃;
(5) check pressure filter and pipeline, bleached oil is pumped into pressure filter carry out filter operation;
(6) bleached oil filter treat oil colours become clear after, the 100ml that draws oil sample send laboratory oil decide the bleached oil color and luster, oil colours is qualified then to continue filtration, defectively need add discoloring agent again and decolours again.
Five, essential oil filters operation:
(1) dress gets togather pressure filter, and pressure filter will be loaded onto filter cloth between filter plate before work, during the dress filter cloth, lay and be convinced, and has avoided folding line, with screw block filter plate is compressed again;
When (2) essential oil began to filter, the filtrate of first few minutes had muddiness slightly, and filtrate must enter decolouring roily oil case, and after filter residue reached certain thickness, the breaking of oil that leaches was transparent, and oil is gone into into decolouring edible vegetable oil case;
(3) in the oil strain process, fuel-displaced whether clarification of every filter plate oil nozzle of running check, if oil is muddy shape, close this oil nozzle immediately;
(4) when in the filter filter frame during long-pending full filter residue, the filter cake layer resistance increases, when the tensimeter indication reaches 0.4Mpa, should stop oil strain and prepare clear filter residue.Before the clear filter residue, at first open the air that contracts filter chamber is blown, gassing time keeps more than the 2hr;
(5) oil filter unclamps screw block through after the blows air over, scrapes from filter cloth with scuppit hilt filter residue, will notice that perching knife is straight during the shovel filter residue, in order to avoid the damage filter cloth after filter cloth cleans out, note clearing up oil groove and oil filter supporting plate, keep clean, and place cleaning;
(6) filter cloth can use after shovel is scraped 3～5 times repeatedly, removes from oil filter then and uses the rinsing of base hydrated cleaning water clean, reuses after cold is dried.
Six, deodorization procedures:
(1) checks operation institute pipeline, valve, transfer pump, electrical equipment, instrument etc. before the driving comprehensively, should meet the driving condition and be in health state;
(2) start heat-conducting oil furnace and begin, start overhead vacuum pump and vacuumize to the deodorizing tank heat supply;
(3) deodorizing tank reaches-0.099Mpa, and temperature begins to advance bleached oil to deodorizing tank when reaching 180 ℃.When bleached oil advances deodorizing tank, should filter through secondary filter.When smart filter oil strain pressure surpasses 0.4Mpa, should change filter bag;
(4) after deodorizing tank oil temperature reaches 150 ℃, open tank body inner coil pipe open steam valve, oil is stirred,, open the direct steam valve (closing the coil pipe steam valve simultaneously) of central authorities in the tank body, oil is carried out the stripping deodorization when oily temperature reaches 180 ℃;
(5) oil temperature keeps deodorization time 1.5hr in the time of 180 ℃, then with the speed of 1～2 ℃/hr with oily temperature rise to 235 ℃, keep temperature no longer to rise deodorization 1hr.And maintenance vacuum tightness.Close directly steam governing valve of central authorities then, the open disk open steam stirs, and prepares to drain the oil to cooling tank;
(6) open the cooling tank vacuum valve, cooling tank is vacuumized, when vacuum reaches 0.99, open deodorizing tank bottom oil drain valve, drain the oil, open cooling tank open steam valve, introduce in the direct vapour cooling tank and stir to cooling tank.At first advance bleached oil during continuous production, inject water coolant to cooling water coil then by heat transfer tube.Below the oily temperature drop to 70 ℃;
(7) the cooling deodorised oil pump into the stainless steel oil tank through polish filter, and the sampling 100ml send the laboratory to carry out finished product detection, qualified finished product transfers out the workshop, slops enters corresponding operation and handles again.
With above-mentioned foundation desirable embodiment of the present invention is enlightenment, and by above-mentioned description, the related work personnel can carry out various change and modification fully in the scope that does not depart from this invention technological thought.The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on the specification sheets, must determine its technical scope according to the claim scope.
Claims (7)
1. crude oil refinery practice is characterized in that this technical process comprises following operation: the crude oil after will stirring filters, obtains refining oil after the deodorization through aquation, alkali refining, washing, dry decolouring, essential oil.
2. crude oil refinery practice according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described aquation operation steps is as follows: crude oil is heated with stirring to 50 ℃～70 ℃, when crude oil contained nonhydratable phosphatide, adding phosphoric acid amount was 1 of oil mass～3 ‰, stirs 20～40 minutes, the synthermal water that adds crude oil weight 3～8%, add 15～25 minutes water time, when the cohesion of colloid particle is obvious separation, stirred 20～30 minutes, precipitate 5～7 hours, remove fully to colloid.
3. crude oil refinery practice according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alkali refining operation steps is as follows: when the crude oil temperature was 30 ℃～40 ℃, adding phosphoric acid amount was 1 of crude oil weight～4 ‰, stirs after 20～40 minutes, the crude oil temperature rises to 60～80 ℃ simultaneously, add alkali lye, stirring velocity slows down gradually, and stirs 30～50 minutes, the water that adds crude oil weight 3～10%, the crude oil temperature by per two minutes speed to 80～95 of 1～3 ℃ ℃, was staticly settled 5～9 hours, and oily soap separates.
4. crude oil refinery practice according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described washing operation steps is as follows: the crude oil behind the alkali refining is heated to 60 ℃～80 ℃ by stirring with oily temperature, 6%～12% 60～85 ℃ the water that adds crude oil weight, stirred 10～40 minutes, staticly settled oily water separation 3～8 hours.
5. crude oil refinery practice according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dry decolouring operation steps is as follows: oily temperature is heated to 80～95 ℃, 2～6% the carclazyte that adds crude oil weight stirs after 10～20 minutes with oily temperature drop to 60～75 ℃ filtration.
6. crude oil refinery practice according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described essential oil filter operation step is as follows: bleached oil is pumped into the pressure filter that filter cloth is housed filter.
7. crude oil refinery practice according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described deodorization operation steps is as follows: adopt the deodorizing tank deodorization, when oily temperature reaches 150 ℃ in the deodorizing tank, oil is stirred; When oily temperature reaches 180 ℃, oil is carried out the stripping deodorization, deodorization simultaneously 1～2 hour by 1 ℃～3 ℃/hour speed to 200 ℃～250 ℃, is cooled off the oil temperature with the oil after the deodorization, till qualified, normally fuel-displaced.
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| CN107118845A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-01 | 邵阳学院 | A kind of food engineering oil refining process and its device |
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| CN107446697A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-08 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of efficiency refining high technique of superelevation acid value crude oil |
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| CN105950277A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-09-21 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Almond oil extracting and refining process |
| CN105950277B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-06-11 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | A kind of mountain almond oil extraction refinery practice |
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| CN107118845A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-01 | 邵阳学院 | A kind of food engineering oil refining process and its device |
| CN107177413A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-19 | 温州市香格里拉食品有限公司 | A kind of production method of walnut oil and obtained walnut oil |
| CN107446697A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-08 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of efficiency refining high technique of superelevation acid value crude oil |
| CN110951538A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-04-03 | 山东华胜检验检测技术有限公司 | Physical refining production process of peanut oil |
| CN114540114A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-05-27 | 新疆奎屯天康植物蛋白有限公司 | Method for removing soap from cotton oil |
| CN113698988A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-26 | 山东三星玉米产业科技有限公司 | Production process of nutritional corn oil |
| CN116004323A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-04-25 | 罗平成天油脂有限公司 | Method for preventing emulsification by synchronous refining of rapeseed oil hydration degumming and alkali refining deacidification |
| CN116004323B (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-09 | 罗平成天油脂有限公司 | Method for preventing emulsification by synchronous refining of rapeseed oil hydration degumming and alkali refining deacidification |
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Application publication date: 20111026 |