CN102224390B

CN102224390B - Air conditioning

Info

Publication number: CN102224390B
Application number: CN200980146855.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: X.赵; S.B.里法特; J.李; C.詹; Z.段
Original assignee: University of Nottingham
Current assignee: University of Nottingham
Priority date: 2008-09-24
Filing date: 2009-09-23
Publication date: 2014-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2029-09-23
Also published as: GB0817468D0; GB0905178D0; WO2010034994A3; WO2010034994A2; CN102224390A

Abstract

Air conditioning in certain geographical locations would be advantageous. Unfortunately traditional air conditioning depends upon refrigeration systems for air cooling. To avoid the fuel costs and the complexity of refrigeration systems a dew point heat exchanger can be utilised. The heat exchanger comprises a number of thermally conductive layers to define dry paths and wet paths adjacent to each other. Inlet air flow into a dry path is cooled by heat exchange with adjacent wet paths through the thermally conductive layer. A proportion of the inlet air flow is diverted to the wet path such that evaporation through the latent heat of evaporation causes cooling of the air flow whilst the remainder of the inlet air flow is presented to a manifold for utilisation with regard to air conditioning.; It will be understood that the relative humidity between the inlet air flow and the wet path is important. In such circumstances utilisation of a dehumidifier either independently or as part of an air conditioning arrangement will facilitate operation.

Description

Air conditioning

Technical field

The present invention relates to air conditioning, relate in particular to for the air in building structure and the temperature controlled air conditioning that utilizes dew point heat exchange and/or humidity regulation.

Background technology

Should be appreciated that work or the leisure during simple environment of living be contemplated to be happy comfortable environment.Conventionally, produce such environment by air conditioning, this air conditioning not only regulates the temperature of surrounding air in building structure, also changes the temperature of air, more desirable to make.Utilize traditionally kind of refrigeration cycle for air handling system.This refrigeration system is not desirable with regard to cost, complexity and ambient influnence.

The a large amount of electric energy that mainly produced by fossil fuel of traditional mechanical compression refrigeration circulated air regulating system consumption.Therefore, the air conditioning of this pattern both can not be lasting, also not environmental protection.Evaporative cooling utilizes the latent heat (being present in a kind of natural energy in atmosphere) of water evaporation to carry out the air conditioning of building, is therefore that the potential of a kind of existing system based on refrigeration substitutes.But evaporative cooling has run into the technical barrier of several each its extensive uses of obstruction.Directly evaporative cooling has increased the humidity of space air, causes thermal comfort beastly.The cooling air themperature that reduced of indirect evaporation, avoid increasing air humidity, but it is than high several degrees Celsius of the wet bulb of outdoor air by air fed temperature limiting, this is too high for carrying out under Britain and most of climate in china condition the air conditioning of building.

Wet bulb restriction has been broken in dew point (evaporation) heat exchange, allows air supply be cooled to lower than wet bulb level and exceed the level of outdoor air dew point.

This dew point evaporation process provides and has been used for the short-cut method of air conditioning, but the above-mentioned traditional heat exchangers for this process is in its efficiency and operating characteristics inappropriate.The humidity difference at the heat exchanger two ends that are used for cancelling dew point facilitate device to be useful on to raise the efficiency.But, must for a long time and commercially external energy input be reduced to acceptable level and realize dehumidifying.

Traditional AC system design of heat exchanger does not have the efficiency of friendship level conventionally, or does not at least have as expected so high-caliber efficiency.Traditional dehumidifier uses gas, electricity or hydrogen fuel, even if but in the time using wasted energy or regenerative resource, level of efficiency is enough not high or undesirable for substantial long term object.

Summary of the invention

The method according to this invention, a kind of heat exchanger for dew point heat exchange is provided, described heat exchanger comprises multiple heat-conducting layers, described multiple heat-conducting layer has the alternating layer of the restriction of being separated into drain passage and wet channel, described dry passage extends to outlet from entrance, and there is the side opening to adjacent wet channel, described wet channel has for the perforate of wet gas current with for the outlet of heat exchanger, thereby wet gas current is at least evaporated, and there is heat exchange by the heat-conducting layer shared with leading mutually dry passage in using.

Conventionally, described heat exchanger with for driving a certain proportion of air stream to be connected by the device of described side opening.Conventionally, described side opening and described outlet have air door, arrive the relative scale between the air stream of described wet channel to change to be provided by described outlet and by described side opening.Possibly, by the actuator that is connected with described air door with depend on by the temperature of described heat exchanger and/or the sensor of air velocity and regulate described air door.

Possibly, described outlet is connected to the collecting manifold regulating for relevant surrounding air.

Conventionally, drive by the free convection of the orientation via described heat exchanger and structure or stimulate by described entrance to the air-flow of described dry passage.Possibly, comprise fan for the device that drives described air-flow.Conventionally, described heat exchanger can re-construct into and depend on operation and need to change air-flow.Possibly, described air-flow is per hour for being approximately 500 cubic metres.

Possibly, the width of described dry passage and the width of described wet channel are basic identical.Possibly, described width is 2 to 10 mm, is preferably 6 mm.

Possibly, the same length of described dry passage and described wet channel.Conventionally, described length is 0.5 to 2 m, is preferably 1.2 m.

Conventionally, described heat-conducting layer is aluminium or copper or other suitable metal or material.Possibly, described heat-conducting layer is at least one side waterproof.

Possibly, described at least some, passage comprises hydrophily dispersion, for example cellulose fibre or sintering metal.

Possibly, described heat-conducting layer is supported on fold reinforcement.

Possibly, need to regulate the ratio by the air-flow of described entrance and described outlet according to operation.Conventionally, described ratio is 1:1.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of dehumidifier of arranging for air conditioning is provided, described layout comprises the drier being located in a sidewind passage and is located at the regeneration passage of opposite side, described gas channel is arranged to the air-flow dehumidifying in using, and described regeneration passage is by adding the heat abstraction moisture described drier of regenerating, described regeneration passage comprises microwave source and for described microwave being concentrated on to the device with drier described in local heat on described drier.

Conventionally, described drier is the form of wheel.

Conventionally, the described device for concentrated described microwave comprises waveguide.Conventionally, described waveguide is formed by metal.

Conventionally, described drier is formed by non-polar material, to represent water wetted material.

Conventionally, described regeneration passage comprises the device for forced air flow.Conventionally, the described device for forced air flow comprises fan.

Still according to aspects of the present invention be air system or the cooling system that comprises that above-mentioned heat exchanger and/or dehumidifier are arranged.

Conventionally, described dehumidifier is arranged and is connected with described entrance.Conventionally, water tank is set, so that moisture flows along described wet channel.

Brief description of the drawings

With reference now to accompanying drawing,, the embodiment of each side of the present invention is described by example, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the air conditioning of aspect or the schematic diagram of cooling layout according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the cross sectional representation of the heat exchanger of aspect according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram from the X of direction shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the schematic sectional view along the A-A of plane shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the schematic sectional view along the B-B of plane shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 provides according to the present invention in the heat exchanger of aspect the schematic diagram of sealing arrangement between wet channel and dry passage;

Fig. 7 provides the schematic diagram of the operation of the heat exchanger of aspect according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 provides according to the schematic diagram of the dehumidifier of second aspect present invention;

Fig. 9 is the heat exchanger that comprises the aspect according to the present invention and according to the schematic diagram of the central heating system of the dehumidifier of second aspect present invention;

Figure 10 is the schematic sectional view of the dehumidifier of aspect according to the present invention;

Figure 11 is the sectional view of dehumidifier shown in Figure 10 in plane AA-AA;

Figure 12 is the perspective schematic view of a part for dew point heat exchanger;

Figure 13 is the perspective schematic view of another part of dew point heat exchanger shown in Figure 12; And

Figure 14 is the curve map of dry-bulb temperature with respect to absolute humidity.

Detailed description of the invention

As mentioned above, the natural evaporation process depending on about water is arranged in dew point air conditioning.In this case, the energy of evaporation obtains from air, so that cooling-air, but this process can increase the humidity of discharging air, therefore causes the occupant of sealing architectural environment cannot accept this environment.But under correct geographical position and weather condition, air handling system provides suitable heat exchanger and/or dehumidifier to arrange individually or in combination if, so applicable dew point air conditioning.

Fig. 1 provides the schematic diagram of arranging 17 according to the dew point air conditioning of first aspect present invention.Like this, arrange that 17 comprise the heat exchanger 5 that is provided with distribution reservoir 3, distribution reservoir 3 supplies water to water collector 9 by sparge pipe 4.Water circulation is by the pipeline 6 between water collector 9 and distribution reservoir 3.In this case, air stream is energized by heat exchanger 5, by supplying with cross flow fan 2, and controlled by air door 1.The air of the outlet by heat exchanger 5 is cooled, as shown in arrow 18.

For coolant outlet air 18, initial surrounding air 19 presents by air inlet grill 10.A part that enters air is cooled and is rendered as outlet air 18 through heat exchanger 5, and another part in housing 12 becomes the moisture including from water tank 3, with through the wet channel that pass through heat exchanger 5 adjacent with dry passage, wherein want cooled air through dry passage.The water level of the water in water collector 9 keeps by water pump and liquid-level switch 8.In this case, as described below, between wet channel and dry passage, thinner thermal conductive material layer has strengthened the heat exchange of final outlet air 18 and cooling.Discharge by exhaust fan 7 through the highly humid air of heat exchanger 5.In order to keep operational efficiency and avoid potential problem, overflow pipe 11 is set, bleed valve 14 and excretory duct 15 are if necessary set, need to discharge liquid from water collector 9 according to runnability simultaneously.Should be appreciated that the liquid level in distribution reservoir 3 can reach specific degrees, determine potential evaporation, and therefore determine that the dew point in the heat exchanger 5 of aspect is cooling according to the present invention.Distribution reservoir 3 is used as the head of water collector 9, and has water distribution valve 13 and the sparge pipe 16 to external water source.This external water source is generally running water.

According to a first aspect of the invention, heat exchanger 5 is designed to realize the high efficiency about dew point heat exchange.Provide the further details about this structure below with reference to Fig. 1-6.Conventionally, heat exchanger comprises that thin heat-conducting plate or layer limit dry passage and wet channel.Described layer is formed by aluminium or Copper Foil conventionally, and supported to keep dry wet channel.Described wet channel comprises the hydrophily dispersion that is generally cellulose fibre form.Whole heat exchanger is bonded together by hot fat, and so that exercisable heat exchanger to be provided, in this heat exchanger, the air entering is worn along dry passage, and is cooled by the latent heat of moisture evaporation in wet channel.The work of hydrophily dispersion is good, for simple wet gas current provides resistance.In this case, the evaporation latent heat obtaining from dry passage is for evaporating the moisture in wet channel, and like this by the heat exchange being provided by heat-conducting layer, realized in dry passage the enhancing of air stream cooling.The thermal conductivity that should be appreciated that the heat-conducting layer of aluminium foil form is about 220 watts of every meter of Kelvins, and the thermal conductivity of cellulose fibre is about 50 watts of every meter of Kelvins.

Conventionally, as shown in Figure 1, arrange across hole (cross aperture) and side opening 20, thereby the air that enters providing along dry passage is guided to outlet 18 or wet channel pro rata, with conveying or with being transferred from the cellulosic evaporate moisture in wet channel, to discharge by exhaust fan 7.In this case, according to the present invention, the heat exchanger 5 of aspect is compared with depending on the simple existing layout that exchanges technology, has improved cooling effectiveness.

Should be appreciated that by using appropriate air door, particularly at outlet 1 and exhaust fan 7 places, can realize to passing through the relatively mobile adjusting of heat exchanger 5, to determine the level of cooling effectiveness.

Fig. 2 provides the schematic sectional view of heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1.Can find out, heat exchanger 5 comprises multiple thermal conductive material layers 21.These layers as mentioned above, are formed by thin aluminum sheet conventionally, with good thermal conductivity between the do/wet channel of guaranteeing to form between layer 21.As mentioned above, these passages dry passage replacing and wet channel by heat exchanger 5 normally between arrival end 22 and the port of export 23.According to aspects of the present invention, as mentioned above, thereby in order to promote to improve the efficiency of cooling raising heat exchanger 5, along the entering air and carry out heat exchange along the air-flow of wet channel of dry passage process, wherein evaporation latent heat is for the air-flow in cooling dry passage.Wet channel contains the hydrophily dispersion that form is cellulose fibre, makes to enter wet channel along a part for the air of dry passage process by side opening.Moisture evaporates from cellulose fibre, and owing to utilizing the evaporation latent heat of the heat obtaining from the air of advancing along dry passage, provides cooling.More the air of high humility is transferred by the air-flow of wet channel, to discharge by exhaust fan as previously mentioned.A part for the air of obviously, advancing along dry passage also must be as the delivery air of air conditioning facility.Under this situation as shown in Figure 2, provide collecting manifold 24 to collect a part by the cooling-air of dry passage, to export according to the needs of air conditioning performance.

Fig. 3 provides heat exchanger 5 shown in Fig. 2 along the view of direction X.Therefore, dry passage 31 is normally opened, and wet channel 32 contains hydrophily dispersion 33 and Wrinkled or folding reinforcement, to keep the interval of passage 32.As previously mentioned, in this case, the air entering is advanced along dry passage 31, and a part discharges by outlet, remaining air is advanced along dry passage 33, with the evaporate moisture in transfer passage 33, for the dew point in 31 the inlet air flow by dry passage and the cooling effect of evaporation latent heat.

Fig. 4 provides the view of plane A-A shown in Fig. 2.Can find out, passage 31,32 is still provided with the hydrophily dispersion of cellulose fibre form in wet channel 32, and but dry passage 31 does not comprise this hydrophily dispersion has telescopic reinforcement (as shown in Figure 4), to keep the interval of heat-conducting layer 41, limit heat exchanger 5.Hydrophily dispersion and the structure of strengthening also allow air to flow along passage 31,32, to obtain the heat exchange performance of the aspect running according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 provides the schematic sectional view of heat exchanger 5 main bodys dorsad along plane B-B.Shown under this situation, wet channel 32 and dry passage 31 have side opening 51 between them.The end that side opening 51 flows to towards dry passage and towards the location, beginning flowing in wet channel 32.In this case, a part for the air of advancing along dry passage is ported to wet channel, and remainder enters collecting manifold 23(Fig. 2 through the outlet of dry passage) to be used in air conditioning effect.This part air of advancing along wet channel can be pulled away, and therefore removed from wet channel and in wet channel evaporation realize the moisture of cooling effect with the air of advancing along dry passage.In this case, realized the cooling effectiveness strengthening.

Should be clear, must be sealed towards the wet channel of the dry passage port of export, shown in dry passage itself be configured to the wet channel that a certain proportion of air passing through along its length is offered to manifold 24 and also offer at least one side of dry passage either side or dry passage.Under this situation shown in Fig. 6, although passage 32 is all having and sealing 61 towards outlet 62 at passage 32 everywhere conventionally, each dry passage 31 has sealing 63 along the side between arrival end 64 and the port of export 65, to allow air to flow to the port of export 65 from arrival end 64, wherein a certain proportion of air is brought to manifold for air conditioning object, a certain proportion of air is taken to wet channel 32 as mentioned above, is used for promoting cooling along the air-flow subsequently of dry passage.

Conventionally, according to the present invention the heat-conducting layer of aspect by suitable heat-conducting glue or thermal grease conduction and if necessary tighten together by sealant.The thermoconductive material board that forms these layers has the thickness of 1 mm conventionally, and is about 0.25 mm as the telescopic material of reinforcement and air guide device.

Fig. 7 provides according to the present invention the explanatory view of the heat exchanger 5 interior air streams of aspect.Use identical Reference numeral to be convenient to understand in conjunction with front view.Like this, dry passage 31 have advance along it enter air 71, and wet channel 32 receives a part 72 that enters air 71 by the side opening between passage 31,32 or across hole.Advanced and enter collecting manifold as outlet air 73 by the suitable cooling remainder that enters air, to be used in air conditioning.Conventionally, the end of wet channel 32 is closed part 74 and seals, and is that the moisture 75 of water can borrow it enter the mechanism of wet channel 32 but have form.As mentioned above, wet channel 32 comprises the hydrophily dispersion of cellulose fibre form, with the inhibition with doing moisture, and therefore forces and need to obtain larger evaporation latent heat for cooling effect from inlet air flow 71.In this case, the air 76 of discharge is discharged wet channel 32, in order to be distributed to building outside, has the air handling system of the heat exchanger 5 aspect comprising according to the present invention in this building.

Should be clear, the cooling level in outlet air 73 depends on operation needs.Enter the speed of air stream 71 by adjusting, the moisture level in wet channel 32, size and the thickness of the ratio of air-flow 72,73 and flow channel 31,32 and thermal conductive material layer 77, can limit by understanding the heat exchanger that is suitable for moving in air handling system.Conventionally, the air-flow on heat exchanger 5 distributes and will be arranged to obtain the cooling effectiveness of expecting.For example,, for 20 m ²room and 30 watts/m ²cooling load, can accept about 500 cubic metres of flow rates hourly.Discharge flow rate is substantially the same.In this case, the ratio entering between air 71 and discharge air 76 is generally 1:1.

Conventionally, enter air stream 71 and use fan to be forced through, and similarly by sucking or swabbing effect, discharge air 76 and be sucked from wet channel 32, to promote to flow through heat exchanger 5.And, can regulate by the speed that changes fan in the speed of this forced draft that enters air 71 positions and discharge air 76 positions, this fan provides the measure that drives air-flows in these positions.

Conventionally, be the operation object definition flow channel of aspect according to the present invention as shown.In this case, the passage that limits dry passage 31 and wet channel 32 can have the width of 6 mm, but conventionally in the scope of 2-10 mm, the length of passage 31,32 is also identical substantially, and depend on need to be in the scope of 0.5 m to 2 meter.Should be appreciated that particularly, with regard to wet channel, from the cooling operational efficiency aspect that enters air 71, the length of passage should make the moisture being carried that condensation can not occur there, with the coolant outlet air 73 guaranteeing to provide sufficient by heat exchanger 5.

Conventionally, wet channel 32 and dry passage 31 have essentially identical size.But when needed, passage 31,32 can have different shapes, instead of has identical width along its length, can be tapered as required.The size of side opening determined outlet air 73 and the air 78 that provides along wet channel 32 between relative scale, its relative size that can enter by discharging the unlimited outlet of outlet air 73 and leakage air between the side opening size of wet channel 32 is set simply.Conventionally, all side openings are all identical size, but it is by the variable-width of the heat exchanger that aspect forms according to the present invention.In this case, outer hole can have the size larger than endoporus, and therefore can return to larger air velocity to carry the moisture evaporating in wet channel, and vice versa.

In order to promote heat exchange, the heat-conducting layer using in conventionally aspect the present invention is thinner.In this case, these layers can have the thickness of the self-supporting of being not enough to, and therefore need to be supported in above-mentioned telescopic arrangement.It is also understood that the hydrophily dispersion of cellulose fibre form or sintering structure itself can be convenient to the maintenance of wet channel size.

Because the discharge for air conditioning and the process of returning to proportioning air stream between wet channel are generally passive process, that is to say, utilize a hole as the side opening between passage, so be to be understood that, by the air door being connected with the outlet of heat exchanger or air handling system, the ratio of the adjustable air stream returning along wet channel.This air door shown in Fig. 1 can be connected with suitable actuator, and this actuator regulates open aperture size according to flow velocity and temperature then, thereby regulates the potential flow velocity of heat exchanger exit.Weakening exit velocity can cause more air to return along the wet channel of the aspect according to the present invention conventionally.

As mentioned above, be generally comprised within air handling system and layout according to the heat exchanger of first aspect present invention, for example, to obtain the air conditioning performance in building structure (, office, house or public place).Provide the conventional method of as directed air conditioning conventionally higher aspect fuel cost by refrigeration system, therefore cannot be lasting.In addition, under the situation that environment temperature and damp condition allow being difficult to obtain reliable source of power, it is useful that above-mentioned dew point heat exchanger is provided.This heat exchanger can be positioned at gas channel, and as mentioned above, depends on the dew point/latent heat of evaporation process.Should be clear, with wetter environment facies ratio, dew point air handling system is more applicable in more xeothermic environment.Dew point system depends on evaporation, therefore, evaporates into wetter environment than evaporating into more dry environment difficulty.But dew point air handling system can be combined with suitable dehumidifier so that heat exchange and dew point air handling system are suitable for wet environment more.

Traditional dehumidifying is carried out as shown in Figure 8, utilizes and is generally the drier of wheel 81 forms, and it is arranged to rotate by the dehumidifying flow channel being limited by arrow 82, its by wheel 81 so that dry air 83 to be provided.Shown air flow passage is obtained wetter air 82 conventionally, and impels it to pass through fan 84 and drier takes turns to produce dry air 83.Drier wheel 81, by motor 85 or the rotation of other transmission mechanism, makes this take turns the part difference that is exposed to flow channel 82 to 83, and passes through transmission mechanism 85 around the rotation of an axis and little by little around movement by means of wheel 81.In this case, although a part for wheel 81 provides dehumidification process between air-flow 82 and dry air 83, another part is at heater 86 and is used for driving or suction reaction or regeneration air stream 87 by the regeneration passage between the device of wheel 81.In this case, the regeneration passage 87 of removing moisture by heater 86 trailing wheels 81 causes taking turns 81 and can remove moisture from air-flow 82 in the time again rotating, to produce dry air 83.

Several porous materials that comprise silica gel, activated alumina, molecular sieve or its mixture are typically used as the drier of removing moisture from air.Drier is integrated into the wheel that keeps during operation rotation.This some work face of taking turns is exposed to the air-flow entering, as dehumidifier; Its part that is exposed to thermal current is considered to extract moisture out from drier, to realize the regeneration of drier; All the other, by making cold air experience cooling procedure through this surface, carry out absorbing moisture to allow to reusing drier.The schematic diagram of dryer system has been shown in Fig. 8.

Use traditional renovation process, process air and need to heat with the heater driving by gas, electricity, oil or wasted energy/regenerative resource, and use fan/pipe-line system to be attracted by described to take turns.This process is included in the poor efficiency energy transmission occurring in corresponding heat transmission equipment, and because the unexpected of drier heats and its follow-up cooling remarkable energy dissipation causing.Therefore, this system be heavy, cost is high and highly energy-consuming.Traditional surviving again due to the response of also having slowed down of low air thermal mass, this can cause regenerating the essential very long processing time of reason.

As mentioned above, it is inconvenient using the conventional regeneration of drier wheel, and the wheel that possibility must be larger provides enough areas to dehumidifying and regeneration afterwards.

Microwave is a kind of electromagnetic energy, and the polar molecule existing in itself and target object and free ion interact.This can cause molecular friction, and then produces heat in the inside that exposes object, causes the evaporation (if having the liquid of suitable evaporating moisture, for example water) from object of temperature rise or moisture.This process is called stereoscopic heating, is conventionally used in the cooking, oven dry, medical treatment for example cancer patient's cytoclasis.

Depend on the concrete application that uses microwave, micro-wave frequency changes to 2450 MHz from 915 MHz.Most of micro-wave ovens are with 4.8 " 2450 MHz frequencies operations of wavelength are in air.But small-sized household microwave oven can operate in 13 " 915 MHz of wavelength.Normally comprise water, the fat and sugar of a large amount of polar molecules at the target object of the microwave of this frequency range.Metal has the trend of microwave reflection, so can be used as conduit, is called waveguide, or keep will be in microwave field the container of the material of raying.Some non-polar compound (for example, plastics, glass, pottery and porous dry device) are transparent for microwave.This avoids heating while allowing these materials under microwave.For saturated drier, microwave energy becomes selective, only concentrates on the moisture in drier, has therefore saved heating and the required energy of follow-up cool dryers material.This specific characteristic makes microwave system more attractive than the legacy system of current use in dehumidifying demand side.

In microwave system, make the moisture absorbing be converted into steam by absorbing the heat that between polar molecule and electromagnetic wave, interaction produces, then by forced draft, its guiding is left to drier bed.Because direct contact the between microwave and molecule, heat generation is at once, and is evenly distributed on whole drier bed, causes thermal response more rapidly, and improves energy conversion efficiency.Estimate microwave system aspect power conversion than legacy system effective 50%.

Under superincumbent situation, should be clear, the use of microwave source makes for the operation of the dehumidifier of air conditioning object more quick, effective, and has reduced cost of energy, and described microwave source concentrates on rightly by waveguide in a drier wheel part.In this case, about the utilization of dehumidifier obtains more conveniently, think according to larger moist gradient is provided in the use of the heat exchanger of first aspect present invention.But, also can use together with more traditional heat exchangers according to the dehumidifier of second aspect present invention.In fact, water is by being formed by microwave excited polar molecule, and material (being drier) is generally nonpolar and therefore can be by microwave penetration.In this case, microwave energy concentrates on hydrone selectively, thereby obtains more effectively regeneration.In this case, although may need the measure of covering to protect the individuality itself being substantially made up of hydrone not to be subject to the impact of microwave source, the energy needing still still less.Obviously, microwave source need to be shielded from the dehumidifying flow channel of dehumidifier, otherwise can reduce the effect of this dehumidifying.Therefore, between gas channel and regeneration passage, conventionally need simple shielding.

Under superincumbent situation, for example, except conventional heater 86 is substituted by microwave source and utilizes the shielding of certain form or waveguide carry out concentrating microwaves energy and microwave energy is not produced environmental problem (reduce the initial main effect on moisture extraction of air-flow 86-83 and may have adverse effect to user around dehumidifier), there is the structure identical with dehumidifier shown in Fig. 8 according to the dehumidifier of second aspect present invention.

Should be clear, above-mentioned microwave dehumidifier/regeneration is arranged and at architectural environment (for example can be formed as, office) or enclosure space in the separate unit at ventilating opening place, or be all configured to integral unit with this air handling system no matter whether air handling system comprises according to the heat exchanger of first aspect present invention alternatively.In the time being fabricated to described separate unit, should be appreciated that this unit is simply for reducing the humidity in air handling system environment, and be therefore used as the simple dehumidifier of whole environment by the closure property of building environment.In order more to concentrate and to use, the dehumidifier that contains above-mentioned micro wave regeneration is generally and the integrated unit of air handling system of dew point heat exchanger that utilizes the aspect according to the present invention.In this case, microwave dehumidifier is arranged to act directly on and is entered on air, to reduce its moisture content, thereby reduce the psychrometric difference entering between the interior air of air and heat exchanger, take in the wet channel of heat exchanger so that liquid is passed the portion of air that side opening returns.

Fig. 9 provides the schematic diagram for the microwave dehumidifier of air conditioning and the integrated air regulating system of dew point heat exchanger that comprises the aspect according to the present invention.In this case, fan unit 91 contains entrance fan 93 and outlet fan 94 separately, for air-flow is aspirated and be driven into air handling system.Enter stream 93 by air intake system, in system, provide dew point heat exchanger 92 and dehumidifier 93 from entering air extraction heat, to reduce its temperature and humidity.Should be clear, the psychrometric difference at heat exchanger 92 two ends can first be strengthened in dehumidifier unit 93, then with regard to discharging air, if service condition need to; further dehumidify to this air.In this case, extraly, filter unit 95 can be set to remove all impurity including dust, and guarantee to discharge air stream and be in the temperature and humidity of expectation.Should be appreciated that drier can easily remove too much moisture, therefore make air for too dry room user is on accepting.Can understand, by mixing with surrounding air, can obtain more suitable humidity.

From the power consumption aspect of the dehumidifier that utilizes microwave of the aspect according to the present invention, should be clear, to depress in room temperature and normal atmosphere, the microwave energy of 1 kw can evaporate the roughly water of 1.135 kg in one hour.In this case, for 27 m ²room, moisture load is 0.01 kg, under this environment, the power consumption of microwave dehumidifier is 1 watt.This energy level is lower than conventional bulb in room, is acceptable at cost and longer-term aspect lasting.

Obviously, the use of microwave energy brings special design problem.In this case, conventionally carry out the opening of shade for ventilating with honeycomb metal air vent, to defend less desirable electromagnetic wave.The shielding of this electromagnetic radiation is likely the injuring of health and safety of user, owner and operator for preventing dehumidifier layout, air handling system or heat exchanger to the aspect according to the present invention.For safety guarantee object, this system should be closed immediately electric power with in definite system failure or when misuse and be provided warning light and/or the safety interlock of audible signal, temperature sensor use together with leakage detector.

According to the present invention, the air handling system of aspect and dehumidifier can be positioned at building.In this case, dehumidifier can be arranged as has entrance, and therefore the entrance of air handling system/heat exchanger passes through window.Figure 10 and Figure 11 provide the schematic diagram of the dehumidifier unit 200 that is used for being arranged in window.Therefore, dehumidifier is arranged the microwave source 201 that comprises magnetron form, and this microwave source 201 focuses on and point to drier wheel 202, and drier wheel 202 is arranged through drive motors 203 and driving-belt 204 rotates.Provide electromagnetism shade 205 around 3/4ths of wheel 202, in the regeneration passage producing at the pyrotoxin by magnetron or microwave source 201, avoid any reduction of the effect on moisture extraction of taking turns 202.This dehumidifier cloth is setting in housing 206, and this housing 206 has the input air-flow being produced by fan 207.

Figure 11 provides along the schematic sectional view of direction AA-AA in Figure 10.In this case, drier wheel 202 is rotated by motor (not shown), thereby produces two flow channels.Gas channel along arrow 210a, 210b direction takes turns 202 through housing 206 and drier, to be ejected as dry air 210b by fan 207.Regeneration flow channel, by regeneration or reaction air-flow 211a, the 211b generation through drier wheel 202 again, is removed moisture with trailing wheel 202, instead of with dehumidification function absorbing moisture.In order to dehumidify, wheel 202 is used as the magnetron heating of microwave source 201, and in this case, air-flow 211b is got wet to discharge in order to outer jet with from dehumidifier is arranged.Should be clear, appropriate position in dehumidifier arranges 200, particularly at entrance and exit place, arranges electromagnetism shade 205, to guarantee that microwave can be to not arranging that 200 user brings environmental problem and is reduced in the effect on moisture extraction in the other parts of arranging 200.Note, microwave source 201 itself has cold air source 212, and this can be increased to reaction or regeneration air stream 211.

The combination of heat exchanger and/or dehumidifier by the aspect according to the present invention, can obtain the more desirable air handling system for building.Under the prevailing situation of weather condition, can utilize dew point to be used to provide cooling blast, or dividually or as the part of air handling system, the dehumidifying of arranging by the dehumidifier that more effectively and more cheaply utilizes microwave of the aspect according to the present invention regulating and entering air stream.Conventionally, dew point heat exchanger utilizes running water, and its consumption rate is the cooling output of approximately 1.1 to 2.4 liters every kilowatt-hour conventionally.This use is acceptable under common service condition, and for example during the working time, (that is, at 9 in the morning and afternoon 5 between) provides under the situation of air conditioning, at 100 m with 30 watts of cooling requirements of every square meter ²in building, there are cooling input and approximately 570 to 1800 m per hour of 2 kilowatts ²air rate under, according to the present invention, the daily consumption rate of the dew point heat exchanger of aspect is about 60 to 70 liters.But consumption rates etc. all depend on humidity and other operation demand.

Aspect of the present invention utilizes described dew point (evaporation) cooling, broken the restriction of wet bulb humidity constraint, allows supply air to be cooled to lower than wet bulb and higher than the level of outdoor air dew point.In order to realize this point, be created in cooling aspect and can obtain the dew point heat exchanger up to 85% dew point efficiency.By this advantage about the cooling aspect of dew point, evaporative cooling can be applied widely.

Heat exchanger comprises stacking to form multiple polygonal panel of same material air-flow guide plate.Conventionally, a side that forms the heat-conducting plate of zone of heating is coated with waterproof material, to avoid infiltration.The entrance of air inlet passes into dry passage from the bottom of heat exchanger heap conventionally.In this case, in service, air first flows through main road or dry passage in order to cooling, then in the export department of dry passage, portion of air continues to flow so that air conditioning effect to be provided along identical direction, and another part air-flow goes to adjacent surface wet path or wet channel wet by water.Wet channel allows to absorb heat by evaporation of water on surface via heat-conducting layer.Air in wet channel in opposite direction flow, and finally from discharge section discharged to atmosphere.Due to the heat transmission between dry passage and wet channel, in dry passage, regulate the product air of air to be cooled, the control air in wet path or passage will be by humidification and heating.Figure 12 and Figure 13 show respectively this operation of the dew point heat exchanger of the aspect according to the present invention.In this case, enter or air inlet 301 along between thermoconductive material board 304 form dry passage 302 advance.Thermoconductive material board 304 defines wet channel and dry passage.At end or the far-end of dry passage, side opening or hole 303 proceed to wet channel 305 for a part being entered to air 301, and be now cooled all the other enter the air product air of air conditioning that acts on the aspect according to the present invention, as shown in arrow 306.In wet path or wet channel, water and moisture are provided, this water or moisture are evaporated by the heat exchange of plate 304, enter air-flow 301 so that evaporation latent heat is cooling, thus air-flow 306 output or output is for air conditioning.In wet channel, now the air of humidification is discharged by exhaust outlet along the direction of arrow 307.

Should be clear, be provided with a large amount of thermal conductive material layers 304, this is to obtain fully cooling by produce high heat conduction relation and forced air flow between dry passage and wet channel.It is also understood that wet channel contains cellulose fibre or other material, with the hydrophily dispersion as providing for the wet G&W of evaporation.

Curve shown in Figure 12 shows the air handling process of the aspect according to the present invention.Outdoor air O first uses humidity controller to carry out pretreatment, and humidity controller allows its moisture content to be reduced to the level identical with room air, thereby reaches state " 0 ".Then air mixes with the room air of state " 1 ", produces new state " 1 ", the state of the air inlet that this state is heat exchanger.Described air inlet is ported to dry passage, and heat is passed to adjacent wet channel by it here, and is cooled to state " 2 " from state " 1 ", does not moisturize to air.Portion of air is transported to room space, for cooling this space.Remaining air flows into adjacent wet channel, and here owing to having moisture on absorbing path surface, first it become saturated, then because the heat transmission between dry wet channel continues to absorb sensible heat and moisture, contributes to wet lip-deep evaporation of water.Described air is finally discharged to atmosphere, as saturated and hot air-flow, is defined as state " 3 ".

For comfortable air conditioning, the humidity level of room air can change in wide scope, relevant humidity range from 30 to 70%.This allows minimum possibly from fresh air removal moisture and minimum energy consumption for air dewetting.

The mathematical analysis of the cooling performance of dew point system.

The integer using in following formula is as follows:

C _p---the specific heat of air, kJ/kg. DEG C;

The moisture content of d---air, kg/kg dry air;

The enthalpy of h---air, kJ/kg dry air;

The water consumption rate of M---every kilowatt of cooling output, liter/kWh;

M _daily---the daily water consumption of selected building, rise/day;

Q---the cooling capacity of dew point system, W;

Q _p---the cooling output of supply air, W;

Q _p1---the interior sense load of supply air, W;

Q _p2---the fresh air load of supply air, W;

T---air themperature, DEG C;

V---volume of air flow velocity, m ³/ h;

V _target---for the volume of air flow velocity of target building, m ³/ h;

ρ---atmospheric density, 1.2kg/ m ³;

ρ _w---water density, 1kg/ liter;

η _d---dew point efficiency;

Subscript

O---outdoor air;

0---the fresh air after dehumidifying;

I---room air;

1---enter air;

2---supply air;

3---discharge air;

Dp---dew point.

The cooling capacity of dew point system can be calculated as follows:

（1）

Relation between state 1,2 and 3 can be expressed as follows:

（2）

（3）

（4）

（5）

（6）

Therefore can realize and obtain h from air humidity correction formula ₃, d ₃and t ₃value.

The water consumption of every kilowatt of cooling output is

（7）

In order to keep space air distribution equilibrium, fresh air flow volume should be identical with discharge air stream volume, i.e. V ₀=V ₃, and return to air stream volume should be identical with supply air stream volume, i.e. V ₁=V ₂.In this case, can use the cooling capacity of following formula computing system:

（8）

If room temperature is ti, can be designated as for the cooling energy of removing interior sensible heat load so:

（9）

Because this part of cooling energy is used for removing internal load, so be defined as effective cooling output.

Be designated as for the cooling energy of removing fresh air load:

（10）

For the effective cooling output of 2 kW, volume required flow velocity can calculate as follows:

（11）

To there is 30W/m ²the 100m of cooling load ²office building air be example, if system operation is limited to daytime, at 9 in the morning, so required total cooling energy was 100*30*8/1000=24kWh to point in afternoons 5.Daytime, the water consumption of office's operation was:

（12）

Should be appreciated that the dew point heat exchanger that aspect is used according to the present invention can be used in for example, independent air conditioning in many independent rooms (, house or the working space in office's building) that are positioned at building structure.Alternatively, heat exchanger or several heat exchanger can combine for whole building with central air conditioning system.In this case, the air conditioning in building can be evaporated by middle ground and be controlled by water, then by pipeline, the air of adjusting is delivered to independent room or space.Should be appreciated that before stating in the use dew point heat exchanger, air after treatment may need pre-dehumidifying in the place of accurate control that needs room air temperature and humidity.In this case, can use the simple dehumidifier of silicagel pad form as drier, then can utilize this drier of above-mentioned micro wave regeneration.In this case, by the constant cooling capacity repeatedly obtaining, can realize stable dew point air supply.

For the dew point heat exchanger of according to the present invention aspect operation is provided, should be appreciated that in the evaporation process by air after the processing of dry passage cooling, must use moisture, particularly water.Due to its availability and supply easily, conventionally use running water.But running water, also for other function, therefore must consider that relevant this use is acceptable, particularly in the place that can use rainwater or untreated river.

Ideally, running water should be lower than the dew point of heat exchanger ambient atmosphere aspect temperature.This situation allows the air handling system by using the dew point heat exchanger of aspect according to the present invention to obtain effective cooling.Because running water is carried by pipeline from water source conventionally, and these pipelines are embedded in the height of underground, so water temperature is stabilized in the soil moisture of this degree of depth conventionally.In this case, water temperature is at least identical or slightly lower than it with the dew point of above the ground atmosphere that water pipe is set.This situation allows to implement dew point heat exchange in effective mode.In addition, aspect water volume consumption, can calculate based on multiple hypothesis (that is, exhaust and air ratio are 0.5, and dew point efficiency is 0.85).In this case, water consumption rate is about 2.1 to 2.4 liters every kilowatt-hour, and as mentioned above, this causes the consumption rate of scope 64 to 72 liters of every days.But this estimation depends on the level of humidity very much, dry hot climatic province consumes more water than the region of warm and moist conventionally.

As mentioned above, cooling capacity that can be based on formula 1 to 9 calculating dew point heat exchanger.Based on 1 cubic metre of air supply/discharge rate hourly, calculate the total capacity and the air-supply relevant to this system load that obtain air handling system, described air-supply load is for reaching the energy of acceptable indoor horizontal from outdoor value for the temperature that makes air inlet or enter air.In this, under situation, be called the clean cooling value that deducts total cooling capacity from air-supply load that is output as of effective cooling ability.Effective cooling ability depends on weather condition, and the particularly dew point of dry bulb state, wet bulb state and surrounding air, therefore can change to another place from a place.But, for example, can find that effective cooling capacity is in the scope of 2.9 to 9.5 watts of every cubic metre of air velocitys per hour, this makes the heat exchanger average effective cooling capacity of the aspect according to the present invention is 2.97.Be to be understood that, in this case, during the great majority in summer, effective cooling ability can fall in the salband of 1 to 5 watt of every cubic metre of air velocity per hour, and because the air-supply in night was loaded lower than daytime, so cooling capacity at night cooling capacity on a little higher than daytime.

By consulting different atmospheric conditions, can find, larger for removing the ratio of cooling energy of air-supply load due to what use that air handling system produces, so higher environment temperature causes lower effective cooling ability.Due to temperature difference less between dry bulb and dew point condition, so higher ambient humidity has also reduced the cooling capacity of air handling system.

For the effective cooling output of 2 fixing kW, can use formula 11 above to calculate volume required flow velocity.Find, conventionally for the cooling capacity of 2 kW, necessary flow velocity be about 540 to 1900 meters per hour.

Regulate in order to obtain comfortable room air, conventionally enter air and must be adjusted to 70% acceptable moisture level level or lower.In this case, need dehumidifier, this dehumidifier can be worked independently, or carrys out work by the air handling system containing with good grounds heat exchanger of the present invention.

Should be appreciated that heat exchanger and/or dehumidifier by using the various aspects according to the present invention, can find that dew point air conditioning is suitable for multiple weather conditions.In the high place of humidity, so above-mentioned pre-dehydrating unit or other device are necessary, to allow dew point heat exchanger correctly to operate.Lower relative humidity causes the higher cooling capacity of dew point heat exchanger used in psychrometric difference higher between dry bulb and dew point humidity and air handling system.If air is in 70% or lower relative humidity, use so the dew point heat exchanger of the heat exchanger of the aspect according to the present invention can be easily cooling in building or other structure.

Conventionally running water can easily obtain, so can be used for supporting cooling in the dew point air handling system of the aspect according to the present invention.Running water is near surrounding air dew point or slightly lower than it, and this has guaranteed to strengthen its validity in cooling.Should be clear, in the time being in lower temperature, this temperature must raise via heat exchange by entering air, has therefore improved rightly and has entered the cooling of air.

By the dew point heat exchanger of the aspect according to the present invention, should be clear, realize the structure of heat exchanger, wherein, thin-walled highly heat-conductive material layer is for limiting respectively dry passage and wet channel.Dry passage allows air cooling, make portion of air can return to and forward to wet channel, and a certain amount of air or required ratio can be used for air conditioning function.Heat-conducting layer is made up of light sheet material, and therefore for example aluminium be conventionally arranged on and supported by fold and hydrophily dispersion, so that for evaporation process cooling in dry passage.But by being created in the thinner long dry passage in width aspect and wet channel, can obtain the suitably cooling of the interior air of dry passage.In addition, by thering are a large amount of this dry passage and wet channels side by side, should be appreciated that the heat exchange surface area of being got wet is large, make to obtain larger heat exchange by forced air flow.

The side opening that a certain proportion of inlet air flow goes to wet channel by it has the size of the necessary ratio between the air stream that makes to obtain cooling-air stream and be used for carrying evaporation water in wet channel conventionally.Possibly, the large I in described hole changes in the whole width of heat exchanger, but this variation depends on operation needs.Conventionally in exit, air door is set, as the prevention of cold air after the processing to for air conditioning, thereby has changed the level of the air-flow that goes to the wet channel in use by back pressure.

Utilize the dehumidifier of silica gel to be generally the form of drier wheel, due to the non-polar character of drier material (, silica gel), in the time of experience microwave action, can expand the effect of microwave action.In this case, compared with depending on photothermal existing layout, according to producing larger regeneration effect in the dehumidifier of second aspect present invention.

According to a first aspect of the invention, developed the polygon interchanger cooling for dew point.Result shows, novel interchanger can obtain the enhancing dew point effect up to 90%, higher by 20% to 30% than traditional counter current exchanger.Advanced dew point cooling technology has been started the transpiration-cooled chance of extensive use in the air conditioning of Britain and Chinese architecture thing.For allowing the practical application of this technology, carry out reliability consideration, to investigate the most outstanding factor of impact for the cooling performance of the dew point of air conditioning, comprise Britain and Chinese weather condition and water source/available water.This causes being suitable for being used in the development of the dew point air-conditioning under Britain and climate in china condition.

Those skilled in the art can know distortion and the amendment to aspect of the present invention.Therefore, for example, can arrange heat exchanger, make heat exchanger subregion, the heat exchanger in multiple regions puts into operation as required according to current operation condition.In addition, as mentioned above, in wet channel, there is the hydrophily dispersion that is generally cellulose fibre form, to strengthen the vaporization function aspect the cooling effect of the heat-conducting layer of dew point heat exchanger between passing through on dry passage.Under the situation of dew point heat exchanger subregion, should be appreciated that these regions are convertible therein, to allow the recovery of hydrophily dispersion in use or again to become wet.Conventionally, according to the present invention, the air handling system of aspect will comprise boxlike heat exchanger, its can import and export between air flow passage or pipeline in.In this case, once due to reduction or other reason of hydrophily dispersion ability, such as relevant a certain proportion of dry or wet channel gets clogged, this heat exchanger box reduces aspect operation function, and this heat exchanger box can be removed and replacing easily.

Claims

1. the heat exchanger for dew point heat exchange, described heat exchanger comprises multiple heat-conducting layers, in described multiple heat-conducting layer adjacent layer separately with limit multiple dry passages and with described dry passage multiple wet channels side by side, described dry passage extends to outlet from entrance, and each dry passage all has the side opening that leads to adjacent wet channel, described wet channel all has for the perforate of wet gas current with for the outlet of heat exchanger, wherein, in use, a certain proportion of air-flow along each dry passage leaves described outlet for the object of air conditioning, and along other a certain proportion of air-flow of each dry passage enter adjacent wet channel for cooling subsequently along the air-flow of described dry passage, thereby wet gas current is at least driven by evaporation, and in using by there is heat exchange with the shared heat-conducting layer of adjacent dry passage.

2. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heat exchanger with for driving described other a certain proportion of air-flow to be connected by the device of described side opening.

3. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, wherein said outlet has air door, leaves the air-flow of described outlet and enters the relative scale between the air-flow of adjacent wet channel to change for the object of air conditioning.

4. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, wherein regulates described air door by the actuator being connected with described air door and the sensor that depends on temperature.

5. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, wherein said outlet is connected to collecting manifold and regulates for surrounding air.

6. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, wherein drive by the free convection of the orientation via described heat exchanger and structure or stimulate air-flow to pass through described entrance to described dry passage.

7. the heat exchanger as described in any one in claim 1,2,4, wherein comprises fan for the device that drives air-flow to flow into described dry passage by described entrance.

8. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, wherein flow into moisture level in speed, the described wet channel of the air-flow of described dry passage and can be dependent on operation along the ratio that each dry passage enters the air-flow of adjacent wet channel and need to regulate by described entrance.

9. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, the air-flow that wherein flows into described dry passage by described entrance be about 500 cubic metres per hour.

10. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, the width of wherein said dry passage and the width of described wet channel are basic identical.

11. heat exchangers as claimed in claim 10, wherein said width is 2 to 10 mm.

12. heat exchangers as claimed in claim 10, wherein said width is 6 mm.

13. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, the same length of wherein said dry passage and described wet channel.

14. heat exchangers as claimed in claim 13, wherein said length is 0.5 to 2 m.

15. heat exchangers as claimed in claim 13, wherein said length is 1.2 m.

16. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, and wherein said heat-conducting layer is aluminium or copper or other suitable metal or material.

17. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, and wherein said heat-conducting layer is at least one side waterproof.

18. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, and wherein described at least some, wet channel comprises hydrophily dispersion.

19. heat exchangers as claimed in claim 18, wherein said hydrophily dispersion is cellulose fibre or sintering metal.

20. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, and wherein said heat-conducting layer is supported on fold reinforcement.

21. as claim 1 or heat exchanger claimed in claim 2, wherein needs to regulate the ratio by the air-flow of described entrance and described outlet according to operation.

22. heat exchangers as claimed in claim 21, wherein said ratio is 1:1.

23. 1 kinds containing the air handling system just like the heat exchanger described in any one in claim 1-22.