CN102218511A - 一种制备半固态合金浆料的装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种制备半固态合金浆料的装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102218511A CN102218511A CN2011101122816A CN201110112281A CN102218511A CN 102218511 A CN102218511 A CN 102218511A CN 2011101122816 A CN2011101122816 A CN 2011101122816A CN 201110112281 A CN201110112281 A CN 201110112281A CN 102218511 A CN102218511 A CN 102218511A
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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium(IV) silicate Chemical compound 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Abstract
一种制备半固态合金浆料的装置及方法，属于制备半固态合金技术领域。特征是其装置包括有浇口杯、直浇道及斜板，具体构造是浇口杯置于直浇道上端与直浇道接通，在直浇道的内壁上左右相互交错、自上往下地固定着n个向下倾斜的斜板，n为正整数，斜板周边的形状与直浇道内孔壁相对应，周边留有可供合金液流通的间隙。制备方法是将高于其液相线温度0～200℃的合金液浇入浇口杯内，流经直浇道内n个斜板上面，由直浇道的出口流入到收集器内，即可得到半固态合金浆料，或直接流到压铸、轧制、模锻等常规设备上进行流变成形。优点是可制备出晶粒细小、组织均匀的半固态合金浆料，制备装置简单、操作方便、工艺流程短、制备成本低。
Description
一种制备半固态合金浆料的装置及方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于制备半固态合金技术领域，具体涉及一种制备半固态合金浆料的装置及方法。
背景技术
[0002] 半固态金属成形技术是20世纪70年代初美国麻省理工学院提出的一种金属成形的新方法，该方法打破了传统的枝晶凝固模式，在成分与组织均勻性、提高成形件的综合性能等方面具有独特的优势，受到了越来越广泛的关注，对半固态凝固成形技术的研究已成为近年国内外金属材料领域竞相开展的一个方向。
[0003] 半固态金属成形中球状初晶浆料的制备是半固态金属成形的基础与关键。目前已进入工业应用的球状晶制备工艺主要有电磁搅拌和变形诱变激活方法，但两者都有一些缺点。变形诱变激活方法只能制备小直径的金属半固态坯料，电磁搅拌的设备复杂、成本高， 特别是对大尺寸的铸件或铸锭，由于电磁集肤效应，组织不均勻在所难免。
[0004] 近期以来，围绕制备含有近球形非枝晶凝固组织的半固态浆料这一关键问题，国内外已经出现了 20多种各有特色的半固态浆料制备工艺，具有代表性的有：斜坡冷却法 (US 6595266B2), CRP法（US 6880613B2)。斜坡冷却法具有成本低、效率高等优点，但合金液浇注温度受限制，且在制备过程中常常在斜板的表面结壳，需要不断清理；东北大学在此基础上开发了带有波浪形表面并施加振动的倾斜板（CN 100451141C)，南昌大学开发了旋转倾斜圆筒（CN 101362198A)，这两项技术可以较低成本地制备出半固态合金浆料，但增加的振动或旋转装置使结构复杂化。CRP工艺简单，但反应器的结构较为复杂，而且两液流的管径不能太大，因此不能处理大流量的金属液流，故生产效率低。
[0005] 从前面的叙述看，以上各种制备半固态金属浆料的方法都有自己的特点，但也都存在一些问题，因此需要提出新的半固态金属浆料制备工艺以克服现有技术的不足。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的是提供一种制备半固态合金浆料的新装置及方法，可有效地克服现有技术存在的缺点。
[0007] 本发明是这样实现的，其制备浆料的装置包括有浇口杯、直浇道及斜板，其构造特征如图1所示，浇口杯1置于直浇道2的上端与直浇道2接通，在直浇道2的内壁上左右相互交错、自上往下地固定着η个向下倾斜的斜板3，η为正整数，斜板3与直浇道2内壁的夹角为α，10° < α <80° ；斜板3周边的形状与直浇道2的内孔壁相对应，周边留有可供合金液流通的间隙δ。
[0008] 具体工艺方法为：将熔炼合格的、以高于其液相线温度0〜200°C的合金液浇入到上述装置的浇口杯1内，控制合金液流经直浇道2内η个斜板3的上面，再由直浇道2下端的出口流入到收集器中，即可得到半固态合金浆料，或由直浇道2下端出口处流出的合金浆料不流入收集器，而是直接送到压铸、轧制、模锻等常规设备上进行流变成形。[0009] 本发明的优点 及积极效果是：
[0010] (1)、本发明利用合金液流经直浇道内壁上的η个斜板后，使其内部形成数目众多的微小晶核，同时，由于直浇道具有一定的长度，从直浇道出口流出的熔体流速较大，对收集器中的熔体产生较为强烈的搅拌，能使熔体的温度、浓度和晶核分布更加均勻，因此可对合金浆料的质量实现有效地控制。
[0011] (2)、与斜坡冷却法相比，本发明中每个斜板长度较短，不易粘挂合金熔体，而且合金熔体在不断地从上一个斜板流到下一个斜板的过程中产生晶核的能力更强，可获得更为细小均勻的组织。
[0012] (3)、通常大容量半固态合金浆料易出现组织不均勻、晶粒粗大现象，而在本发明中通过调节斜板个数及直浇道高度等参数可以获得大量晶核，且这些晶核在收集器中能够均勻分布，因而本发明方法能制备大容量半固态合金浆料。
[0013] (4)、本发明工艺流程短、设备简单、操作方便、制备成本低。
附图说明
[0014] 图1为本发明中采用装置的示意图。
[0015] 图2为采用本发明制备的较小容量的半固态Α356铝合金浆料的淬火组织图。
[0016] 图3为采用本发明制备的较大容量的半固态Α356铝合金浆料的淬火组织图。
[0017] 图中，浅色区域为球状初生α-Al，深色区域为凝固的共晶液体，1-浇口杯，2-直浇道，3-斜板，α-斜板的倾斜角度，δ-斜板周边留有供合金液流通的间隙，a-直浇道不同侧内壁上斜板间的距离，L-直浇道的高度，d-直浇道的内径。
具体实施方式
[0018] 实施例1:本例采用在直浇道内壁上装有斜板个数η = 1个，直浇道的高度L = 100mm，直浇道的内径d = 25mm，斜板的倾斜角度α =30°，斜板周边留有供合金液流通的间隙δ = 5mm，直浇道和斜板的材质为石墨，温度为常温。将坩埚电阻炉熔炼合格的过热 A356合金（即A17Si4Mg铝合金）液，以630°C (即过热度为15°C )的温度，浇入浆料制备装置的浇口杯1中，合金液经浇口杯1流入到装有1个斜板3的直浇道2内，经直浇道2出口流入到一个Φ80Χ 130mm的圆形不锈钢质的水冷收集器中，得到的半固态A356合金组织如图2所示。
[0019] 实施例2 ：本例采用在直浇道内壁上装有斜板个数η = 3个，直浇道的高度L = 400mm，直浇道的内径d = 40mm，斜板的倾斜角度α =45°，斜板周边留有供合金液流通的间隙δ = 10mm，直浇道不同侧内壁上斜板间的距离a = 40mm，直浇道和斜板的材质为石墨，温度为常温。将坩埚电阻炉熔炼合格的过热A356合金（即A17Si4Mg铝合金）液，以 6500C (即过热度为35°C )的温度，浇入浆料制备装置的浇口杯1中，合金液经浇口杯1流入到装有3个斜板的直浇道2内，经直浇道2出口流入到一个Φ80Χ 130mm的圆形不锈钢质的水冷收集器中，得到的半固态A356合金组织与图2类似。
[0020] 实施例3 ：本例采用在直浇道内壁上装有斜板个数η = 6个，直浇道的高度L = 600mm，直浇道的内径d = 45mm，斜板的倾斜角度α =50°，斜板周边留有供合金液流通的间隙δ = 10mm，直浇道不同侧内壁上斜板间的距离a = 29mm，直浇道和斜板的材质为铜合金，利用外镶的冷却水套冷却该装有6个斜板的直浇道，直浇道内壁和斜板表面上涂刷一层0.3mm厚的锆英粉涂料。将坩埚电阻炉熔炼合格的过热A356合金（即A17Si4Mg铝合金）液，以680°C (即过热度为65°C)的温度，浇入浆料制备装置的浇口杯1中，合金液经浇口杯1流入到装有6个斜板的直浇道2内，经直浇道2出口流入到一个Φ80X 130mm的圆形不锈钢质的水冷收集器中，得到的半固态A356合金组织与图2类似。
[0021] 实施例4 ：本例采用在直浇道内壁上装有斜板个数η = 5个，直浇道的高度L = 1000mm，直浇道的内径d = 100mm，斜板的倾斜角度α =30°，斜板周边留有供合金液流通的间隙δ = 18mm，直浇道不同侧内壁上斜板间的距离a = 156mm，直浇道和斜板的材质为不锈钢，直浇道和斜板的内部通循环水冷却，直浇道内壁和斜板表面上涂刷一层0. 3mm 厚的锆英粉涂料。将坩埚电阻炉熔炼合格的过热A356合金（即A17Si4Mg铝合金）液，以 6800C (即过热度为65°C )的温度，浇入浆料制备装置的浇口杯1中，合金液经浇口杯1流入到装有5个斜板的直浇道2内，经直浇道2出口流入到一个Φ 130 X 150mm的圆形陶瓷质的水冷收集器中，得到的半固态A356合金组织如图3所示。
[0022] 实施例5 ：本例采用在直浇道内壁上装有斜板个数η = 4个，直浇道的高度L = 600mm，直浇道的内径d = 70mm，斜板的倾斜角度α =60°，斜板周边留有供合金液流通的间隙δ = 15mm，直浇道不同侧内壁上斜板间的距离a = 50mm，直浇道和斜板的材质为石墨，温度为常温。在的SF6的气体保护下，将坩埚电阻炉熔炼合格的过热AZ91D镁合金 (即Mg-9wt% Al-0. 6wt% Zn镁合金）液，以640°C (即过热度为45°C )的温度，浇入浆料制备装置的浇口杯1中，合金液经浇口杯1流入到装有4个斜板的直浇道2内；在浇注该 AZ91D镁合金液过程中，向该浇口杯1和装有4个斜板的直浇道2内吹入的SF6保护气体，SF6气体的流量为每分钟0. 03升；合金浆料经直浇道2出口流入到一个Φ80X 130mm 的圆形不锈钢质的收集器中，该AZ91D镁合金熔体的冷却速度为50°C /min。当AZ91D镁合金液完全凝固时，即可得到半固态AZ91D镁合金坯料。
Claims (2)
1. 一种制备半固态合金浆料的装置及方法，其装置包括有浇口杯（1)、直浇道（2)及斜板（3)，其构造特征是将浇口杯（1)放置于直浇道（2)的上端与直浇道（2)接通，在直浇道(2)的内壁上左右相互交错、自上往下地固定着η个向下倾斜的斜板（3)，η为正整数，斜板(3)周边的形状与直浇道（2)的内孔壁相对应，周边留有可供合金液流通的间隙。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种制备半固态合金浆料的装置及方法，其特征在于所述的方法是将熔炼合格的、以高于其液相线温度O〜200°C的合金液浇入到上述装置的浇口杯（1) 内，控制合金液流经直浇道（2)内η个斜板（3)的上面，再由直浇道（2)下端的出口流入到收集器中，即可得到半固态合金浆料，或由直浇道（2)下端出口处流出的合金浆料不流入收集器，而是直接送到压铸、轧制、模锻等常规设备上进行流变成形。
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| EP0859677B1 (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 2002-03-13 | Thixomat, Inc. | Apparatus for processing semisolid thixotropic metallic slurries |
| JP2005314809A (ja) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-11-10 | Chiba Inst Of Technology | 銅合金およびこの銅合金を製造するセミソリッド鋳造方法 |
| CN101130207A (zh) * | 2007-10-19 | 2008-02-27 | 北京科技大学 | 一种半固态金属浆料的制备和流变成型的设备 |
| CN101130203A (zh) * | 2007-10-19 | 2008-02-27 | 北京科技大学 | 半固态金属浆料的制备和流变成型方法 |
| CN101602099A (zh) * | 2009-06-30 | 2009-12-16 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种金属零件半固态流变成形的装置 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103962539A (zh) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-08-06 | 慈溪阿尔特新材料有限公司 | 制备半固态金属浆料的紊流通道浇注方法及其专用设备 |
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