CN102213577A - Improved method for designing smooth limit gauge - Google Patents
Improved method for designing smooth limit gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102213577A CN102213577A CN2011100897988A CN201110089798A CN102213577A CN 102213577 A CN102213577 A CN 102213577A CN 2011100897988 A CN2011100897988 A CN 2011100897988A CN 201110089798 A CN201110089798 A CN 201110089798A CN 102213577 A CN102213577 A CN 102213577A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B3/34—Ring or other apertured gauges, e.g. "go/no-go" gauge
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an improved method for designing a smooth limit gauge. The method is characterized by determining the manufacturing tolerance accuracy T of the gauge to be IT2-IT4; and reducing the percentage of a gauge tolerance zone relative to a workpiece tolerance zone, wherein the distance between the gauge go-end lower difference and the maximal physical dimension of a workpiece to be measured is expressed by a formula (Z+T/2), and the value range of the (Z+T/2) is from 0.0016 to 0.002.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Design of Measuring Tools method, specifically the method for designing of improved plain limit gage.
Background technology
In machine-building, the technical requirement whether diameter of axle of workpiece, aperture be up to specification, available universal measurement utensil (as slide calliper rule), surveying instrument (as three coordinate measuring machine) are measured, and also can test with plain limit gage.As shown in Fig. 1/Fig. 2, plain limit gage is a kind of special-purpose instruments of inspection that does not have scale, designs and produces for conveniently checking the quality of the products.Simple in structure because of it, easy to manufacture, it is time saving and energy saving to measure, and can guarantee workpiece interchangeability aborning, in therefore being widely used in producing in enormous quantities.During with plain limit gage check part, can only judge part whether in the check limit range of regulation, and can not draw concrete numerical value such as the concrete size of part, shape and site error.
It is the same with other mechanical component of manufacturing to make plain limit gage, has stipulated necessary manufacturing tolerance during design.Standard GB/T 1957-2006 has done concrete regulation to the size and the position of gauge tolerance band.Stipulate in this standard that gauge tolerance adopts the distribution principle of " not surmounting the workpiece limit ", promptly the tolerance range of gauge is positioned within the tolerance range of measured workpiece fully.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are hole and axle work gauge size drawing of tolerance range.Among Fig. 3, T is the manufacturing tolerance of gauge, and Z is that the distance between the workpiece maximum material size is arrived at the center of drift tolerance range, is called the position key element.The existence of position key element mainly is in order to reserve certain wearing and tearing deposit for the drift in the plain limit gage, to make it certain serviceable life.
In the method for designing of existing standard GB/T 1957-2006, definite principle of gauge manufacturing tolerance T and position key element Z, though help the manufacturing of measured workpiece, should be still bigger but gauge manufacturing tolerance T and position key element Z account for the ratio of measured workpiece tolerance, make part be judged to useless by qualified product, reduced the ratio of workpiece certified products.
Illustrate, for the several holes in the following table 1, with plain limit gage as shown in Table according to the hole of GB GB/T 1957-2006 design.
Tabulate with the plain limit gage calculating parameter in table 1 hole.
In the table 1, as can be seen, according to the machine-building level of current China, the grade of tolerance that gauge manufacturing tolerance T and position key element Z are adopted is lower, and the ratio that accounts for the measured workpiece tolerance should be still bigger.Though the manufacture difficulty that this has reduced gauge makes part be judged to useless by qualified product, has reduced the ratio of workpiece certified products.
Summary of the invention
The method for designing that the purpose of this invention is to provide the improved smooth limit measurer that can improve qualified workpiece ratio.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the manufacturing accuracy T of gauge is determined at IT2 ~ IT4 reduce the number percent of gauge tolerance range with respect to the workpiece tolerance range, position key element Z is determining the serviceable life of gauge go side, purpose is to reserve a wear limit to the gauge go side.In Fig. 3, the final meaning of position key element Z is exactly to determine gauge go side allowance below nominal size to the distance between the measured workpiece maximum material size, and this distance can be expressed with formula Z+T/2.The span of Z+T/2 is 0.0016 ~ 0.002.
The application of limit gauge on different measured workpieces is as shown in table 2 designed according to this invention.
Compare with table 1, the improved plain limit gage method for designing of the present invention, manufacturing tolerance is dwindled relatively, and the wearing and tearing deposit suitably reduces, and increases the ratio of measured workpiece certified products, helps reducing the processing cost of workpiece.And, can not bring more difficulty of processing to manufacturing gauge, also can not increase the manufacturing cost of gauge.Therefore, method for designing scheme of the present invention is feasible.
When formulating the manufacturing tolerance T of gauge, must be in conjunction with the service condition and the processing conditions of gauge, in general, gauge all is to use made such as alloy tool steel, carbon tool steel, cemented steel, the hardness of measuring face generally reaches HRC58～65.Therefore select for use the manufacturing accuracy about IT2-IT4 can realize fully,, then will take the circumstances into consideration to select for use in conjunction with concrete process characteristic if select other material for use.
When formulating the position key element Z of gauge, to consider that then material, abrasive nature, the service condition of measured workpiece takes the circumstances into consideration to select for use.If measured workpiece is aluminum products, then the gauge life-span longer relatively, Z just can suitably reduce; If measured workpiece is a steel, then Z just needs suitably to amplify.
When utilizing GB GB/T 1957-2006 design plain limit gage, it is generally acknowledged that element to be measured is normal distribution.That is to say, think that it is in the symmetrical region at center that most sizes all are distributed in the intermediate value.In fact, because the physical size of workpiece, actual deviation, error etc. all are random quantitys, and under the different processing modes, the characteristic that the workpiece physical size distributes is also different.Therefore, the characteristic distributions of the physical size of different processing mode formation is also different.
In mechanical part processing, more common have following two kinds of regularities of distribution: normal distribution and right-angle triangle distribute.Utilize probability and mathematical statistics theory, analyze the necessity of under above-mentioned two kinds of conditions, using the improved plain limit gage of the present invention.
Gaussian distribution also is in normal distribution (normal distribution).Application technically is very wide, and many continuous random quantities are all followed this regularity of distribution.For example, on automatic processing machine tools such as the work in-process heart, process or add man-hour with the sizing cutter, in programming process all with the workpiece intermediate value as the programming target, the size of the part that processes also trends towards intermediate value mostly.At this moment, the physical size of workpiece just is normal distribution.As shown in Figure 5.
According to probability and mathematical statistics theory, at this moment, most Size Distribution still still have the sub-fraction Size Distribution at two edges at zone line.In Fig. 5, be not difficult to find, just because of the existence of gauge manufacturing tolerance and position key element, make that the qualified workpiece that is in A, C zone is rejected.
At this moment, the improved plain limit gage method for designing of the present invention reduces the number percent of gauge tolerance range with respect to the workpiece tolerance range, and the certified products ratio of measured workpiece is increased.Though be in the workpiece in A, C zone and be not a lot, under the prerequisite that recruitment regulation not causes,, also be significant even save 0.1% workpiece.
Right-angle triangle distributes.On machine tool, add man-hour, employing be the mode of measuring while processing, after the physical size of work piece is just qualified, will stop processing, so processed workpiece trends towards the state of maximum material size (Kongzui is little, axle is maximum) more.In Fig. 6, most of size is in B, C zone.At this moment,, will make on a small quantity and be rejected, make in a large number and rejected, cause the vast scale erroneous judgement near the workpiece in C zone near the workpiece of a-quadrant if adopt the design specifications of GB GB/ T1957-2006.
The improved plain limit gage method for designing of the present invention has reduced the number percent of gauge tolerance band with respect to the workpiece tolerance range, large quantities of workpiece near maximum material size (C zone) is saved come, and increases considerably the certified products ratio.Therefore, it is fairly obvious using the improved plain limit gage method for designing of the present invention superiority.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that synoptic diagram is used with plain limit gage in the hole.
Fig. 2 is that axle uses synoptic diagram with plain limit gage.
Fig. 3 is a hole work gauge size drawing of tolerance range.
Fig. 4 is an axle work gauge size drawing of tolerance range.
Fig. 5 is workpiece size gauge tolerance band and workpiece tolerance range distribution schematic diagram when being normal distribution.
Fig. 6 is the rectangular triangle of workpiece size gauge tolerance band and workpiece tolerance range distribution schematic diagram when distributing.
Among the figure: 1-hole drift, 2-hole no-go gage, the big dimension limit of 3-Kongzui, the little dimension limit of 4-Kongzui, 5-hole tolerance, 6-axle drift, 7-axle no-go gage, 10-axle tolerance, 8-axle maximum limit of size, the 9-axle minimum limit of size, 11-hole tolerance range, 12-maximum material size, the 13-least material size, 14-axle tolerance range is between the 15-region of acceptance, the T-gauge tolerance, Z-position key element.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the manufacturing accuracy T of gauge is determined at IT2 ~ IT4 reduce the number percent of gauge tolerance range with respect to the workpiece tolerance range, position key element Z is determining the serviceable life of gauge go side, purpose is to reserve a wear limit to the gauge go side.In Fig. 3, the final meaning of position key element Z is exactly to determine gauge go side allowance below nominal size to the distance between the measured workpiece maximum material size, and this distance can be expressed with formula Z+T/2.The span of Z+T/2 is 0.0016 ~ 0.002.
Table 3 is the method for designing and the contrast of the improved smooth limit drift method for designing of the present invention when different workpieces is used of prior art.
Tabulate with computing method before and after the plain limit gage in table 3 hole.
In the table 3, the improved plain limit gage of the present invention, manufacturing tolerance is dwindled relatively, and wearing and tearing deposits is suitably reduced, and the ratio that this will increase the measured workpiece certified products helps reducing the processing cost of workpiece.And, can not bring more difficulty of processing to manufacturing gauge, also can not increase the manufacturing cost of gauge.Therefore, the improved plain limit gage of the present invention is feasible.
When setting the manufacturing tolerance T of gauge, must be in conjunction with the service condition and the processing conditions of gauge, in general, gauge all is to use made such as instrument alloy steel, carbon tool steel, cemented steel, the hardness of measuring face generally reaches HRC58～65.Therefore select for use the manufacturing accuracy about IT2-IT4 can realize fully,, then will take the circumstances into consideration to select for use in conjunction with concrete process characteristic if select other material for use.
When setting the position key element Z of gauge, to consider that then material, abrasive nature, the service condition of measured workpiece takes the circumstances into consideration to select for use.If measured workpiece is aluminum products, then the gauge life-span longer relatively, Z just can suitably reduce; If measured workpiece is a steel, then Z just needs suitably to amplify.
Claims (7)
1. improved plain limit gage method for designing, it is characterized in that: the manufacturing accuracy T of gauge is determined at IT2～IT4, reduce the number percent of gauge tolerance range with respect to the workpiece tolerance range, gauge go side allowance below nominal size is expressed with formula Z+T/2 to the distance between the measured workpiece maximum material size, and the span of Z+T/2 is 0.0016～0.002.
2. according to the described improved plain limit gage method for designing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the measured workpiece diameter of bore is:
The no-go gage of gauge is designed and sized to
The drift of gauge is designed and sized to
3. according to the described improved plain limit gage method for designing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the measured workpiece diameter of bore is:
The no-go gage of gauge is designed and sized to
The drift of gauge is designed and sized to
4. according to the described improved plain limit gage method for designing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the measured workpiece diameter of bore is:
The no-go gage of gauge is designed and sized to
The drift of gauge is designed and sized to
5. according to the described improved plain limit gage method for designing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the measured workpiece diameter of bore is:
The no-go gage of gauge is designed and sized to
The drift of gauge is designed and sized to
6. according to the described improved plain limit gage method for designing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the measured workpiece diameter of bore is:
The no-go gage of gauge is designed and sized to
The drift of gauge is designed and sized to
7. according to the described improved plain limit gage method for designing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the measured workpiece diameter of bore is:
The no-go gage of gauge is designed and sized to
The drift of gauge is designed and sized to
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100897988A CN102213577A (en) | 2011-04-09 | 2011-04-09 | Improved method for designing smooth limit gauge |
| PCT/CN2011/083636 WO2012139396A2 (en) | 2011-04-09 | 2011-12-07 | Enhanced method for designing plain limit gage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100897988A CN102213577A (en) | 2011-04-09 | 2011-04-09 | Improved method for designing smooth limit gauge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102213577A true CN102213577A (en) | 2011-10-12 |
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ID=44744980
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100897988A Pending CN102213577A (en) | 2011-04-09 | 2011-04-09 | Improved method for designing smooth limit gauge |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102213577A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012139396A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103273276A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-04 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Processing method of I-shaped caliper |
| CN106960104A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-18 | 西安昆仑工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Insert type a gauge design method |
| CN114963922A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 中国航发湖南南方宇航工业有限公司 | Determination and use method of internal thread measuring tool and related equipment |
-
2011
- 2011-04-09 CN CN2011100897988A patent/CN102213577A/en active Pending
- 2011-12-07 WO PCT/CN2011/083636 patent/WO2012139396A2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103273276A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-04 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Processing method of I-shaped caliper |
| CN106960104A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-18 | 西安昆仑工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Insert type a gauge design method |
| CN114963922A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 中国航发湖南南方宇航工业有限公司 | Determination and use method of internal thread measuring tool and related equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012139396A2 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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Application publication date: 20111012 |