CN102179494A - Continuous casting method and device for aluminum alloy compounded ingot - Google Patents

Continuous casting method and device for aluminum alloy compounded ingot Download PDF

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CN102179494A
CN102179494A CN 201110100831 CN201110100831A CN102179494A CN 102179494 A CN102179494 A CN 102179494A CN 201110100831 CN201110100831 CN 201110100831 CN 201110100831 A CN201110100831 A CN 201110100831A CN 102179494 A CN102179494 A CN 102179494A
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alloy liquid
alloy
core
coldplate
positive plate
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CN102179494B (en
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崔建忠
蒋会学
秦克
赵志浩
王向杰
朱庆丰
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous casting method and a continuous casting method for an aluminum alloy compounded ingot and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting. The device comprises a split crystallizer, an alloy liquid distributor, a hot top plate and a dummy ingot; the upper part of the dummy ingot is fixedly connected with two baffle plates; the upper part of each baffle plate is connected with a cooling plate; and two cooling plates divide the interior of the split crystallizer into a core material melt cavity and a coating material melt cavity. The method comprises the following steps of: smelting, refining and standing two kinds of alloys to be compounded; introducing cooling water into a cooling plate water cavity and a water box and keeping the water flowing; leading the core material alloy liquid into the core material melt cavity; leading the coating material alloy liquid into the coating material melt cavity; and starting the aluminum alloy and casting. The device and the method can ensure that the coating material alloy liquid flow uniformly and has a stable liquid surface and uniform temperature, and can eliminate the triangular area with high cooling intensity, ensure that a supporting surface formed under the cooling plate has the uniform temperature along the horizontal direction of the cooling plate and ensure the comprehensive metallurgical combination of the compounded surface.

Description

A kind of continuous cast method of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting and device thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aluminium alloy casting technical field, particularly a kind of continuous cast method of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting and device thereof.
Background technology
Conventional aluminium alloy is because performance is single, can not finely satisfy as the requirement of the multiple performance synthesis of engineering aspects such as delivery vehicle, structure, electronics, so composite becomes the emphasis that new material is researched and developed.Laminar composite is because cost is low, combination property is high, it is most widely used general, composite that output is maximum, wherein compound aluminium product has high strength, simultaneously have both anti-corrosion (decoration) again, can weld, easy combination property such as shaping, be the fastest composite of growth rate, composite board band then is the maximum composite of present consumption.
The main production method of composite board band can be divided into three classes: a class is the solid phase composite algorithm, comprise compound, the cold rolling compound and composite algorithm etc. of exploding of hot rolling, second class is the liquid-solid composite method, comprise casting method, reverse solidification method, casting and roll process and method for brazing etc., the 3rd class is liquid composite algorithm, as continuous casting process, two crystallizer continuous metal cast process, and core-filled and continuously casted method etc.The production technology of traditional clad aluminium band is rolling compound, with two or more aluminium alloys in founding, homogenizing, be rolled into slab after, surface treatment, at high temperature, create more new surface by heavy reduction rate and realize compoundly, the major defect of this complex method is: (1) since surface film oxide can not all remove, so the compound interface place has oxide-film, the point that seam is not gone up can defectives such as bubble occur in the strip surface after the annealing; (2) for making material compound comprehensively, common rolling first road will adopt big rolling deformation rate, so easily cause compound interface not straight, produces bending, defectives such as wave; (3) this method compound need core and table material all want founding, homogenising, rolling more compound after rolling, so operation is long, the step complexity, energy consumption height, productivity ratio are low.
For thoroughly addressing the above problem, realize the comprehensive metallurgical binding between the different composite constituent element, thereby increase substantially the bond strength of compound interface that significantly cut down the consumption of energy and boost productivity, best method adopts casting compound exactly.
Casting compound research is one of the focus in metal material moulding field, and present main preparation methods has Electromagnetic Control method, two crystallizer method, core-filled and continuously casted method etc.; Though the Electromagnetic Control method can suppress flowing of metal to a certain extent, but on the composite wood top layer when thicker and since at the interface electromagnetic field a little less than, stopping power is poor, when melt flow velocity in the horizontal direction was too high, the near interface at different-alloy formed the Mixed Zone easily; Two crystallizer methods need two cover crystallizers, are arranged vertically up and down, about core metal and clad metal are poured into respectively in two crystallizers; Earlier core metal is poured in the crystallizer, core metal forms certain thickness solidified shell in last crystallizer, in downdraw process, when the core strand enters into down crystallizer, pour into a mould outer clad metal liquid, make the fusing of core base surface portion, diffuse to form certain thickness middle close binder mutually by element by the heat of molten metal, like this, skin and core metal are combined into an integral body; This method complex technical process is difficult for realizing commercial Application, particularly because core metal has been frozen into solid-state and solidified shell oxidation easily in air, thereby influences the bonding state of compound interface; The core melt of core-filled and continuously casted method adopts mozzle to enter crystallizer, does not have cooling procedure before this, very easily causes the mixing of melt, causes compound failure.
Nowe Li Si company has applied for being used for the patent (patent No. 200480023704) of the method for casting composite ingot, this method mainly is that dystectic alloy forms a self-supporting layer on coldplate, the temperature of self-supporting layer is between the liquidus temperature and liquidus temperature of this alloy, behind the leaving water cold drawing, low-melting alloy contacts at the self-supporting layer with high-melting-point alloy, form combination, be cast as compound ingot blank.Practice shows, because the temperature of self-supporting layer is between solidus temperature and liquidus temperature, and the impact when this self-supporting layer can not have enough intensity to prevent the low-melting alloy contact, so the self-supporting layer is easy to be broken through the mixing of two kinds of alloys of formation; Simultaneously because low-melting alloy is that the supporting layer temperature of liquid phase, high-melting-point alloy is between liquidus temperature and solidus temperature, even supporting surface did not destroy when both contacted, also can produce strong counterdiffusion, form thicker diffusion layer at the interface, though this diffusion layer is a metallurgical binding, but easily form thicker brittle layer at some two kinds of compound alloy interface, when this brittle layer is processed into thin product at ingot blank, can produce harm to serviceability, as 4041/3004/4041 soldering composite insulating foil.
Application number is method and the device that 200910187947.7 Chinese patent application has proposed a kind of low overheat composite casting aluminum alloy under action of steady magnetic field, adopt coldplate that core and table material are separated, the alloy pouring temperature that fusing point is high is higher than 15 ~ 30 ℃ of this alloy melting points, it is low overheated promptly to realize, it is stable that dystectic alloy is formed on coldplate rapidly, supporting surface with certain intensity, promptly form certain thickness semisolid, alloy with low melting point temperature pours into then, combine with dystectic alloy at supporting surface, solidify together then, form metallurgical binding; For guaranteeing the stable, straight of compound interface, apply the direct current magnetostatic field simultaneously, utilize the electromagnetic braking effect of magnetostatic field, suppress melt flows at the interface.
This method can be produced quality composite ingot preferably; But because the level control link is too many, complicated operation cooperates difficulty, and liquid level is especially shown the level control difficulty of material simultaneously, so the liquid level of table material is gone up the metallic plate of coldplate easily, and forms rosin joint; Be the crystalline aluminophosphate device owing to what adopt simultaneously, other parts that are higher than contact plate in the intensity of cooling of coldplate and crystallizer wall contact portion, then the temperature in the trigonum that coldplate and crystallizer wall form is low, easily forms the solidification layer of low temperature, so this regional bond strength is low.
Summary of the invention
At the problem on the existing aluminium alloy cast ingot technology of preparing, the invention provides a kind of continuous cast method and device thereof of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting.
The casting apparatus of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting of the present invention comprises branch crystal crystallizer, alloy liquid distributor, hot top board and dummy ingot, divide crystal crystallizer to constitute by two big face water tanks and two side water tanks, each big water tank top connects an alloy liquid distributor, each water tank top, side connects a hot top board, dummy ingot is positioned at branch crystal crystallizer bottom, the two ends of alloy liquid distributor are connected with a hot top board respectively, the alloy liquid import of each alloy liquid distributor is communicated with a liquid reserve tank, the alloy liquid outlet of each alloy liquid distributor and branch crystal crystallizer internal communication; Wherein the upper fixed of dummy ingot connects two baffle plates, and the two ends of each baffle plate all are connected with dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall, and each baffle plate top is connected with a coldplate respectively; Each coldplate all is fixed on the hot top board, and the two ends of each coldplate all are connected with branch crystal crystallizer inwall with a hot top board; Two coldplates will divide crystal crystallizer inside to be divided into three melt chambers, and the melt chamber between two coldplates is the core melt chamber, and the melt chamber between coldplate and the big face water tank is table material melt chamber.
In the said apparatus, be respectively equipped with stabilier in two table material melt chambers, the two ends of stabilier are connected with the crystallizer inwall with a hot top board respectively, and the bottom of stabilier is higher than, is less than or equal to big face water tank upper edge, both difference in height≤5mm, the top of stabilier is higher than alloy liquid outlet top; Gapped between stabilier bottom and the dummy ingot, clearance height is 40 ~ 80mm.
In the said apparatus, alloy liquid distributor comprises loam cake and base plate, be provided with alloy liquid passage, the import of alloy liquid and the outlet of alloy liquid between loam cake and the base plate, be provided with the block more than 2 in the alloy liquid passage, the top of each block is connected with base plate with loam cake respectively with the bottom.
In the said apparatus, coldplate is made of positive plate, backboard, positive plate thermal insulation layer and backboard thermal insulation layer, positive plate and backboard link together, and are provided with coldplate water cavity, water inlet and delivery port between positive plate and backboard, and the coldplate water cavity is in communication with the outside by water inlet and delivery port; The side of positive plate connects positive plate thermal insulation layer, and the side of the bottom surface of positive plate, the bottom surface of backboard and backboard connects the backboard thermal insulation layer; Positive plate thermal insulation layer height is 5 ~ 20mm, and the bottom of positive plate thermal insulation layer is higher than the bottom 20 ~ 50mm of positive plate; Positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate or is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate.
Above-mentioned positive plate is selected copper coin for use, and backboard is selected corrosion resistant plate for use, positive plate thermal insulation board select for use calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate, the backboard thermal insulation board select for use calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate.
In the above-mentioned branch crystal crystallizer, the top of big face water tank is higher than the top of side water tank or is lower than the top of side water tank, and both differences in height are 10 ~ 50mm.
In the said apparatus, the material of hot top board be in an anti-plate, highly be 150 ~ 200mm, the height of alloy liquid distributor is 150 ~ 200mm.
In the said apparatus, the positive plate bottom of coldplate is lower than big face water tank upper edge 5 ~ 20mm.
In the said apparatus, dividing the inwall material of crystal crystallizer is 6061 aluminium alloys, 6063 aluminium alloys or copper; One end of alloy liquid distributor is to the inner extension of minute crystal crystallizer, and extending an end is 2 ~ 5mm with the distance of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall; One end of hot top board is to the inner extension of minute crystal crystallizer, and extending one section is 2 ~ 5mm with the distance of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall.
Above-mentioned baffle plate cross section is inverted wedge shape, and the lower end of baffle plate is fixed in the baffle plate groove of dummy ingot.
The continuous cast method of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:
1, will treat compound two kinds of alloys melting respectively, perhaps will treat the melting respectively of compound alloy and aluminium, refining is then left standstill two kinds of alloy liquid that obtain respectively; In two kinds of alloy liquid, be called table material alloy liquid, be called core alloy liquid as the alloy liquid of composite ingot core as the alloy liquid of composite ingot table material; And the alloy liquid of being made by the higher relatively alloy of fusing point is called high-melting-point alloy liquid, and the alloy liquid of being made by the relatively low alloy of fusing point is called low-melting alloy liquid;
When the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid was higher than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, the side water tank height of branch crystal crystallizer was higher than the height of big face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate; When the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid was lower than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, the side water tank height of branch crystal crystallizer was lower than the height of big face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate;
2, on the crystallizer inwall, feed lubricating oil, in the coldplate water cavity, feed cooling water and keep water to flow; In big face water tank and side water tank, feed cooling water and keep water to flow;
3, reduce to 40 ~ 80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy when the temperature of high-melting-point alloy liquid, and the temperature of low-melting alloy liquid is when reducing to 50 ~ 80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy; In the core melt chamber, place the shunting bag, in liquid reserve tank, place cursory shunting disk; Core alloy liquid is imported in the core chute, import in the core melt chamber through the shunting bag from the core chute again; To show material alloy liquid and import in the table material chute, from table material chute respectively in two cursory shunting disks import to two liquid reserve tanks, table material alloy liquid enters table material melt chamber through alloy liquid distributor;
4, when minute liquid level of crystal crystallizer inner core material alloy liquid be 110 ~ 170mm, when the liquid level of table material alloy liquid is 100 ~ 130mm, starts dummy ingot and move downwards, the casting of beginning composite ingot; Keep the liquid level in core melt chamber and the table material melt chamber during casting.
Said method when descending appears in the liquid level in one of them melt chamber, shows that this melt chamber is communicated with other melt chambers in casting process, stop casting this moment; When rising appearred in the liquid level in one of them melt chamber, surperficial ingot casting did not descend, and stopped casting this moment.
In the said method, after ingot casting is casted into predetermined length,, stop to pour into a mould core alloy liquid again if the table material segment thickness of composite ingot, stops cast table material alloy liquid earlier greater than the core part; When the table material segment thickness of composite ingot during less than the core part, stop to pour into a mould core alloy liquid earlier, stop cast table material alloy liquid again; When the table material of composite ingot partly equates with the core segment thickness, stop to pour into a mould two kinds of alloy liquid simultaneously.
In the said method, when making high-melting-point alloy liquid by the higher relatively alloy of fusing point, the temperature of melting and refining is higher than 70 ~ 150 ℃ of the liquidus temperatures of this alloy, when making low-melting alloy liquid by the relatively low alloy of fusing point, the temperature of melting and refining is higher than 50 ~ 120 ℃ of the liquidus temperatures of this alloy.
In the said method, when the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid is higher than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, core alloy liquid contacts with the positive plate of coldplate after entering the core melt chamber, positive plate one side at the core melt chamber forms the solid-state supporting layer of one deck, and the temperature of solid-state supporting layer is than low 50 ~ 80 ℃ of core alloy liquid-solid phase line temperature; When the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid is lower than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, after entering table material melt chamber, table material alloy liquid contacts with the positive plate of coldplate, positive plate one side at table material melt chamber forms the solid-state supporting layer of one deck, and the temperature of solid-state supporting layer is than low 50 ~ 80 ℃ of table material alloy liquid-solid phase line temperature.
The present invention has the following advantages: (1) adopts coldplate to be arranged between core alloy liquid and the table material alloy liquid, and the feeding cooling water temperature, reduced the temperature of supporting layer, promptly supporting layer can be cooled to solid-state, has enough intensity, so casting technique realizes and control easily; In casting process, after solid-state supporting layer broke away from coldplate, low-melting alloy liquid just fully soaked on solid-state supporting layer; (2) adopted alloy liquid distributor and stabilier device, so table material alloy liquid is surely even for levelling, the table material alloy liquid temp that enters crystallizer is even, can guarantee that the compound interface of ingot casting is straight, clean, the loose and impurity of pore-free; (3) consider that core alloy liquid is different with the crystallization temperature of table material alloy liquid, adopted the branch crystal crystallizer, the side of contact high-melting-point alloy liquid is higher than the side of contact low-melting alloy liquid, makes the crystallization of two kinds of alloy liquid synchronous; (4) the hot top board of She Zhiing has been avoided near the cooling fast coldplate and crystallizer wall in two kinds of alloys, causes the side can not good wet, and then causes the side to mill the big problem of face amount; Simultaneously can guarantee that the alloy liquid temp of parallel coldplate direction is even, make table material alloy and core alloy good combination, significantly improve the lumber recovery of ingot casting.
Studies show that low-melting alloy is wetting on the supporting layer of high-melting-point alloy, is the necessary condition that core alloy and table material alloy are realized metallurgical binding; And when high-melting-point alloy self-supporting layer temperature is lower than solidus temperature, (solidify the back), in quite wide temperature range, as long as the melt temperature of the not oxidation of self-supporting face, low-melting alloy is higher than liquidus temperature, still can be wetting on solid-state supporting layer, and can make support layer surface one substratum melt back, by interfacial diffusion, realize the excellent metallurgical combination.The present invention on this basis, the temperature of having considered the high-melting-point alloy along continuous straight runs that contacts with coldplate evenly waits the necessary condition of the high-quality compound ingot blank of preparation, has designed the continuous casting and the method for above-mentioned aluminium alloy compound ingot casting.
For guaranteeing to show the supporting surface of the abundant wetting core of material alloy liquid energy, form the excellent metallurgical combination to guarantee two kinds of alloys.Must guarantee that low-melting alloy liquid level will be higher than the coldplate lower edge.Promptly guarantee not contact and oxidation with air after high-melting-point alloy forms supporting surface, supporting surface contacts with low-melting alloy liquid once being lower than the coldplate lower edge, for this reason, prevents the problem that the cooling too early of low-melting alloy liquid causes temperature to reduce significantly by positive plate thermal insulation board.
Apply lubricating oil on crystallizer wall top before the method casting of the present invention, perhaps on the crystallizer inwall, inlay graphite cake, perhaps when inlaying graphite cake, apply lubricating oil, to improve the surface quality of foundry goods; Adopt shunting bag and cursory shunting disk can control the height of alloy liquid and steady when mobile; The impact to solid-state supporting layer that stabilier and block can reduction table material alloy liquid is set, obtains than applying the better steady flow result of magnetostatic field.
The present invention can guarantee to show the material alloy liquid flows evenly, liquid level stabilizing, temperature is even, adopt the method for hot top continuous casting simultaneously, coldplate does not contact with crystallizer wall, eliminate the trigonum of high intensity of cooling, guarantee that the supporting surface of the formation under the coldplate is even along coldplate horizontal direction temperature, guarantee comprehensive metallurgical binding of composite surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the casting apparatus structural representation of the aluminium alloy compound ingot casting in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 cuts open figure for the A-A face of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 cuts open figure for the B-B face of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the split mold structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the alloy liquid dispensing arrangement schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 7 cuts open figure for the C-C face of Fig. 5;
Fig. 8 is the plate structure of cooling schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 9 is the coldplate side-looking partial structurtes schematic diagram among Fig. 7;
Among the figure 1, big face water tank, 2, the sidepiece water tank, 3, alloy liquid distributor, 3-1, loam cake, 3-2, base plate, 3-3, block, 3-4, the import of alloy liquid, 3-5, the outlet of alloy liquid, 4, hot top board, 5, liquid reserve tank, 6, coldplate, 6-1, the backboard thermal insulation layer, 6-2, backboard, 6-3, positive plate, 6-4, positive plate thermal insulation layer, 6-5, the coldplate water cavity, 6-6, water inlet, 7, the side water cavity, 8, big face water cavity, 9, stabilier, 10, cursory shunting disk, 11, table material conduit, 12, the shunting bag, 13, the core conduit, 14, dummy ingot, 15, baffle plate, 16, core alloy liquid, 17, table material alloy liquid, a, first point for measuring temperature, b, second point for measuring temperature, c, the 3rd point for measuring temperature, d, the 4th point for measuring temperature, e, the 5th point for measuring temperature;
Figure 10 is 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot cross section macro morphology figure of casting in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Figure 11 is the local micro-organization chart of 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot of casting in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Figure 12 is the 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot part element distribution proportion schematic diagram at the interface of casting in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Figure 13 is the pure Al alloy of the pure Al/7075/ composite ingot cross section macro morphology figure of casting in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Figure 14 is the micro-organization chart of the pure Al alloy of the pure Al/7075/ composite ingot of casting in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Figure 15 is the element of the part at the interface distribution proportion schematic diagram of the pure Al alloy of the pure Al/7075/ composite ingot of casting in the embodiment of the invention 2.
The specific embodiment
Casting speed is 50 ~ 70mm/min among the inventive method embodiment.
The interior cooling water inflow of coldplate is 10 ~ 30L/min among the inventive method embodiment.
The thickness of positive plate thermal insulation layer and backboard thermal insulation layer is 3 ~ 8mm in the embodiment of the invention.
No. 2 solvents that adopt among the inventive method embodiment are the alloy refining common solvent, commercial product.
The solidus of 3004 alloys is 629 ℃ among the inventive method embodiment, and the solidus of 4045 alloys is 575 ℃, and the solidus of fine aluminium (1015) is 646 ℃, and the solidus of 7075 alloys is 477 ℃.
Embodiment 1
The casting apparatus structure of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting as shown in Figure 1, the A-A face cuts open graph structure as shown in Figure 2, the B-B face cuts open graph structure as shown in Figure 3, comprises branch crystal crystallizer, alloy liquid distributor 3, hot top board 4 and dummy ingot 14;
The split mold structure is made of two big face water tanks 1 and two side water tanks 2 as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5;
In the casting apparatus of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting, each big water tank 1 top connects an alloy liquid distributor 3, each side water tank 2 top connects a hot top board 4, dummy ingot 14 is positioned at branch crystal crystallizer bottom, and each hot top board 4 lower surface connects a side water tank 2 simultaneously and is connected with two big face water tanks 1; The two ends of each alloy liquid distributor 3 are connected with a hot top board 4 respectively;
The structure of alloy liquid distributor 3 as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, comprise loam cake 3-1 and base plate 3-2, be provided with alloy liquid passage, two alloy liquid import 3-4 and an alloy liquid outlet 3-2 between loam cake 3-1 and the base plate 3-2, be provided with the block 3-3 more than 2 in the alloy liquid passage, the top of each block 3-3 is connected with base plate 3-2 with loam cake 3-1 respectively with the bottom;
The alloy liquid import of each alloy liquid distributor 3 and liquid reserve tank 5 internal communication, the alloy liquid outlet of each alloy liquid distributor 3 and branch crystal crystallizer internal communication;
The upper fixed of dummy ingot 14 connects two parallel baffle plates 15, and the two ends of each baffle plate 15 all are connected with dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall, and each baffle plate 15 top is connected with a coldplate 6 respectively; Each coldplate 6 all is fixed on the hot top board 4, and the two ends of each coldplate 6 all are connected with branch crystal crystallizer inwall with a hot top board 4; Two coldplates 6 will divide crystal crystallizer inside to be divided into three melt chambers, and the melt chamber between two coldplates 6 is the core melt chamber, and the melt chamber between coldplate 6 and the big face water tank 1 is table material melt chamber;
Be respectively equipped with a stabilier 9 in two table material melt chambers, the two ends of stabilier 9 are connected with the crystallizer inwall with a hot top board 4 respectively, the bottom of stabilier 9 is higher than big face water tank 1 upper edge, both difference in height 4mm, and the top of stabilier 9 is higher than alloy liquid outlet 3-2 top; Gapped between stabilier 9 bottoms and the dummy ingot 14, clearance height is 60mm;
Coldplate 6 structures such as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, constitute by positive plate 6-3, backboard 6-2, positive plate thermal insulation layer 6-4 and backboard thermal insulation layer 6-1, positive plate 6-3 and backboard 6-2 link together, and be provided with coldplate water cavity 6-5, water inlet 6-6 and delivery port between positive plate 6-3 and backboard 6-2, coldplate water cavity 6-5 is in communication with the outside by water inlet 6-6 and delivery port; The side of positive plate 6-3 connects positive plate thermal insulation layer 6-4, and the side of the bottom surface of positive plate 6-3, the bottom surface of backboard 6-2 and backboard 6-2 connects backboard thermal insulation layer 6-1; Positive plate thermal insulation layer 6-4 highly is 5 ~ 20mm, and the bottom of positive plate thermal insulation layer 6-4 is higher than bottom 20 ~ 50mm of positive plate 6-3; Positive plate thermal insulation layer 6-4 is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate 6;
Positive sheet material matter is copper coin, and the backboard material is a corrosion resistant plate, positive plate thermal insulation board be calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate, the backboard thermal insulation board be calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate;
The top of the big face water tank 1 of branch crystal crystallizer is lower than the top of side water tank 2, and both differences in height are 30mm;
The material of hot top board be in an anti-plate, highly be 170mm, the height of alloy liquid distributor is 200mm;
The positive plate bottom of coldplate is lower than big face water tank upper edge 10mm
Dividing the inwall material of crystal crystallizer is 6061 aluminium alloys;
One end of alloy liquid distributor 3 is to the inner extension of minute crystal crystallizer, and extending an end is 2mm with the horizontal range of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall; One end of hot top board 4 is to the inner extension of minute crystal crystallizer, and extending one section is 2mm with the horizontal range of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall;
Baffle plate 15 cross sections are inverted wedge shape, and the lower end of baffle plate 15 is fixed in the baffle plate groove of dummy ingot 14;
In each table material melt chamber, the distance of the crystallizer inner wall section below coldplate and the alloy liquid distributor is 100mm, and the distance between two coldplates is 320mm;
Adopt the said apparatus continuous casting to prepare 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot, 3004 alloys are as the core alloy, and 4045 alloys are as table material alloy;
With 3004 alloys and the melting respectively of 4045 alloys, 3004 alloys are high-melting-point alloy, 4045 alloys are low-melting alloy, and the smelting temperature of 3004 alloys is higher than 100 ~ 150 ℃ of the liquidus curves of 3004 alloys, and the smelting temperature of 4045 alloys is higher than 100 ~ 120 ℃ on 4045 alloy liquid phase lines;
Then two kinds of alloys with the same temperature of melting under add No. 2 solvents and carry out refining, leave standstill after after swivel nozzle is given vent to anger and ceramic filter filters, 3004 alloy liquid (core alloy liquid) and 4045 alloy liquid (table material alloy liquid) are placed the core chute respectively and show in the material chute;
On the crystallizer inwall, feed lubricating oil; Water cavity in coldplate feeds normal-temperature water, and keeps water to flow; Feed cooling water in big face water cavity in big face water tank and side water tank and the side water cavity and keep water to flow;
When the temperature of 3004 alloy liquid is 690 ~ 700 ℃, and the temperature of 4045 alloy liquid begins casting when being 700 ~ 710 ℃, places shunting bag 12 in the core melt chamber, the cursory shunting disk 10 of placement liquid reserve tank 5 in; Core alloy liquid is imported in the core chute, import in the core melt chamber through core conduit 13 and shunting bag 12 from the core chute again; To show material alloy liquid and import in the table material chute, and import in two liquid reserve tanks 5 through two table material conduits 11 and two cursory shunting disks 10 respectively from table material chute, table material alloy liquid enters table material melt chamber through alloy liquid distributor;
When the liquid level of table material alloy liquid and core alloy liquid is 110mm ~ 130mm, starts dummy ingot and carry out continuous casting and prepare composite ingot; Start dummy ingot and move downwards, the casting of beginning composite ingot; By the conventional fluid level control device control table material conduit and the height of core conduit, keep the liquid level in core melt chamber and the table material melt chamber during casting;
Core alloy liquid contacts with the positive plate of coldplate after entering the core melt chamber, at the solid-state supporting layer of positive plate one side formation one deck of core melt chamber; Supporting layer thickness determination methods is as shown in Figure 8: select 5 points for measuring temperature (a, b, c, d, e) near the core alloy liquid level the positive plate, 5 points for measuring temperature are positioned on the positive plate certain a bit to the vertical line of crystallizer axis, the distance of 5 points for measuring temperature and positive plate is respectively 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm; When carrying out continuous casting, point for measuring temperature moves downward with ingot casting, when the level height of point for measuring temperature is concordant with the coldplate lower edge, obtain each point for measuring temperature temperature, if a point temperature is below liquidus temperature at this moment, and b point temperature judges that supporting layer thickness is between 2 ~ 4mm below liquidus temperature; If in like manner this moment, d point temperature was below liquidus temperature, and e point temperature judges that supporting layer thickness is between 8 ~ 10mm more than liquidus temperature; By the distance between said method adjustment point for measuring temperature and the positive plate, measure the thickness that accurately to measure supporting layer simultaneously; Through the thickness of the above-mentioned solid-state supporting layer of test of many times at 5 ~ 8mm;
After continuous casting is finished, stop casting table material alloy liquid earlier, core alloy liquid then stops to cast;
The ingot casting of making is of a size of 520 * 800 * 1500mm, and wherein the thickness of 4045 alloys on both sides is 100mm, and the thickness of 3004 middle alloys is 320mm; Ingot casting cross section macro morphology as shown in figure 10, the microstructure at compound interface place as shown in figure 11, the part elemental composition distribution proportion at compound interface place is as shown in figure 12; The compound interface of two kinds of alloys is straight stable as seen from the figure, non-oxidation and being mingled with at the interface, in conjunction with good, element is having a diffusion region at the interface, the interface is a metallurgical binding, the ingot casting measurement shear strength at the interface that repeats the test of many times acquisition is 110Mpa in the shear strength of 62 ~ 70Mpa(as cast condition, 3004 alloys, and the shear strength of as cast condition 4045 alloys is 67Mpa), the interface has enough intensity.
Embodiment 2
The casting apparatus structure of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting is with embodiment 1, and difference is: the top of (1) big face water tank is higher than the top of side water tank, and both differences in height are 30mm; (2) material of hot top board is a calcium silicate board, highly is 180mm, and the height of alloy liquid distributor is 150mm; (3) the positive plate of coldplate bottom is lower than big face water tank upper edge 20mm; Positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate; (4) dividing the inwall material of crystal crystallizer is copper; (5) end of alloy liquid distributor is to the inner extension of minute crystal crystallizer, and extending an end is 5mm with the distance of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall; One end of hot top board is to the inner extension of minute crystal crystallizer, and extending one section is 5mm with the distance of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall; (6) in each table material melt chamber, the distance of the crystallizer inner wall section below coldplate and the alloy liquid distributor is 30mm, and the distance between two coldplates is 460mm; (7) bottom of stabilier 9 is lower than big face water tank 1 upper edge, both difference in height 3mm; (8) gapped between stabilier 9 bottoms and the dummy ingot 14, clearance height is 80mm;
Adopt the said apparatus continuous casting to prepare aluminium/7075/ aluminium alloy compound ingot casting, 7075 alloys are as the core alloy, aluminium is as table material alloy, with 7075 alloys and aluminium melting respectively, the smelting temperature of 7075 alloys is higher than 110 ~ 150 ℃ of the liquidus curves of 7075 alloys, and the smelting temperature of aluminium is higher than 100 ~ 120 ℃ of aluminium liquidus curves; Then two kinds of alloys with the same temperature of melting under add No. 2 solvents and carry out refining, leave standstill after after swivel nozzle is given vent to anger and ceramic filter filters, 7075 alloy liquid (core alloy liquid) and aluminium liquid (table material alloy liquid) are placed the core chute respectively and show in the material chute;
When the temperature of aluminium liquid is 690 ~ 700 ℃, and when the temperature of 7075 alloy liquid is 720 ~ 730 ℃, when the liquid level of table material alloy liquid and core alloy liquid is 150mm ~ 170mm, the startup dummy ingot carries out continuous casting and prepares composite ingot, method is with embodiment 1, difference is: after (1) continuous casting was finished, the core alloy liquid that stops earlier casting stopped casting table material alloy liquid then; (2) solid-state supporting layer thickness is 6 ~ 10mm;
The ingot casting of making is of a size of 520 * 800 * 1500mm, and wherein the thickness of the fine aluminium on both sides is 30mm, and the thickness of 7075 middle alloys is 460mm; Get thickness on the ingot casting cross section and be the test piece about 30mm, after polishing as shown in figure 13, the microstructure at the compound interface place of two kinds of alloys as shown in figure 14, the part elemental composition distribution proportion at compound interface place is as shown in figure 15; The compound interface of two kinds of alloys is straight stable as seen from the figure, non-oxidation and being mingled with at the interface, in conjunction with good, element has a diffusion region at the interface, the interface is a metallurgical binding, measurement shear strength at the interface is that the shear strength of 51 ~ 67Mpa(as cast condition aluminium is 50 ~ 60Mpa, and the shear strength of as cast condition 7075 alloys is 50 ~ 60Mpa).

Claims (6)

1. the casting apparatus of an aluminium alloy compound ingot casting, comprise branch crystal crystallizer, alloy liquid distributor, hot top board and dummy ingot, divide crystal crystallizer to constitute by two big face water tanks and two side water tanks, each big water tank top connects an alloy liquid distributor, each water tank top, side connects a hot top board, dummy ingot is positioned at branch crystal crystallizer bottom, the two ends of alloy liquid distributor are connected with a hot top board respectively, the alloy liquid import of each alloy liquid distributor is communicated with a liquid reserve tank, the alloy liquid outlet of each alloy liquid distributor and branch crystal crystallizer internal communication; It is characterized in that: the upper fixed of dummy ingot connects two baffle plates, and the two ends of each baffle plate all are connected with dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall, and each baffle plate top is connected with a coldplate respectively; Each coldplate all is fixed on the hot top board, and the two ends of each coldplate all are connected with branch crystal crystallizer inwall with a hot top board; Two coldplates will divide crystal crystallizer inside to be divided into three melt chambers, and the melt chamber between two coldplates is the core melt chamber, and the melt chamber between coldplate and the big face water tank is table material melt chamber.
2. the casting apparatus of a kind of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being respectively equipped with stabilier in described two table material melt chambers, the two ends of stabilier are connected with the crystallizer inwall with a hot top board respectively, the bottom of stabilier is higher than, is less than or equal to big face water tank upper edge, both difference in height≤5mm, the top of stabilier is higher than alloy liquid outlet top; Gapped between stabilier bottom and the dummy ingot, clearance height is 40 ~ 80mm.
3. the casting apparatus of a kind of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described coldplate is made of positive plate, backboard, positive plate thermal insulation layer and backboard thermal insulation layer, positive plate and backboard link together, and be provided with coldplate water cavity, water inlet and delivery port between positive plate and backboard, the coldplate water cavity is in communication with the outside by water inlet and delivery port; The side of positive plate connects positive plate thermal insulation layer, and the side of the bottom surface of positive plate, the bottom surface of backboard and backboard connects the backboard thermal insulation layer; Positive plate thermal insulation layer height is 5 ~ 20mm, and the bottom of positive plate thermal insulation layer is higher than the bottom 20 ~ 50mm of positive plate; Positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate or is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate.
4. the casting apparatus of a kind of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting according to claim 1, the top that it is characterized in that big face water tank are higher than the top of side water tank or are lower than the top of side water tank, and both differences in height are 10 ~ 50mm.
5. continuous cast method that adopts the described device of claim 1 to carry out the aluminium alloy compound ingot casting is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) will treat compound two kinds of alloys melting respectively, perhaps will treat the melting respectively of compound alloy and aluminium, refining is then left standstill two kinds of alloy liquid that obtain respectively; In two kinds of alloy liquid, be called table material alloy liquid, be called core alloy liquid as the alloy liquid of composite ingot core as the alloy liquid of composite ingot table material; And the alloy liquid of being made by the higher relatively alloy of fusing point is called high-melting-point alloy liquid, and the alloy liquid of being made by the relatively low alloy of fusing point is called low-melting alloy liquid;
When the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid was higher than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, the side water tank height of branch crystal crystallizer was higher than the height of big face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate; When the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid was lower than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, the side water tank height of branch crystal crystallizer was lower than the height of big face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate;
(2) on the crystallizer inwall, feed lubricating oil, in the coldplate water cavity, feed cooling water and keep water to flow; In big face water tank and side water tank, feed cooling water and keep water to flow;
(3) reduce to 40 ~ 80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy when the temperature of high-melting-point alloy liquid, and the temperature of low-melting alloy liquid is when reducing to 50 ~ 80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy; In the core melt chamber, place the shunting bag, in liquid reserve tank, place cursory shunting disk; Core alloy liquid is imported in the core chute, import in the core melt chamber through the shunting bag from the core chute again; To show material alloy liquid and import in the table material chute, again from table material chute respectively in two cursory shunting disks import to two liquid reserve tanks, table material alloy liquid enters table material melt chamber through alloy liquid distributor;
(4) when minute liquid level of crystal crystallizer inner core material alloy liquid be 110 ~ 170mm, when the liquid level of table material alloy liquid is 100 ~ 130mm, starts dummy ingot and move downwards, the casting of beginning composite ingot; Keep the liquid level in core melt chamber and the table material melt chamber during casting.
6. the continuous cast method of aluminium alloy compound ingot casting according to claim 5, it is characterized in that when the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid is higher than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, core alloy liquid contacts with the positive plate of coldplate after entering the core melt chamber, at the solid-state supporting layer of positive plate one side formation one deck of core melt chamber; When the solidus temperature of core alloy liquid is lower than the solidus temperature of table material alloy liquid, after entering table material melt chamber, table material alloy liquid contacts, at the solid-state supporting layer of positive plate one side formation one deck of table material melt chamber with the positive plate of coldplate.
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