CN102132687B - Method for cultivating special male parent strain mainly used as yellow-feather broilers - Google Patents
Method for cultivating special male parent strain mainly used as yellow-feather broilers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and relates to a method for cultivating a special male parent strain mainly used as yellow-feather broilers, which comprises the following steps of: 1, hybridizing to generate a F1 generation by taking a broiler chicken from another country as a male parent and a yellow-feather broiler with characteristics of jute feathers and yellow shins as a female parent, selecting and remaining F1-generation cocks and performing feeding and management according to a feeding and management method of breeding hens; 2, mating a F1-generation cock serving as the male parent with the female parent in the step 1 to generate a F2 generation, grouping respectively according to feather colors in the F2 generation, performing test cross, and performing the feeding and management according to the feeding and management method of the breeding hens; 3, crossing male and female individuals of each group obtained in the step 2 athwart and propagating, and purifying and fixing beneficial characters according to a family and individual selection method; and 4, breeding by four or more than four beneficial characters for generations to form a new broiler strain containing the bloodlines of the broiler chickens from other countries. By the method, the growth speed of the yellow-feather broilers in China is improved substantially, and the feed conversion rate is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the poultry breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler.
Background technology
The edible chicken of China urban and rural residents mainly is made up of white plumage fryer, yellow-feather broiler and superseded kind of chicken three parts.White plumage fryer mainly is meant fast large-scale fryer, from external introduction, is the leading kind of China's fryer production, and quantity is maximum, and principal item has AA+, Luo Si 308, Ke Bao and hypo sieve etc.; Yellow-feather broiler mainly is meant China's local advantage kind.Refer generally to China's landrace or import certain external blood lineage's cultivation based on this form.With respect to the large-scale white plumage fryer of state's extra income, local yellow-feather broiler one is to the welcome that receives China market deeply, and China's yellow feather dwarf broiler is produced; Initially be towards Guangdong, Guangxi; Particularly the demand in Hongkong and Macro market is launched, Along with people's growth in the living standard and diet structure perfect, and the demand of yellow feather dwarf broiler continues to increase; Main consumer group is high-grade catering trade and household consumption, and main product is economized and is distributed in zones such as south China, East China, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei.
China's yellow feather dwarf broiler can be classified from the shin look, can be divided into yellow shin and black shin substantially.The former likes in Guangdong, Guangxi and East China and Hong Kong and Macao; The latter mainly is distributed in southwest and to the north of the Changjiang river area.
The characteristics of yellow feather dwarf broiler are: meat flavour is delicious, and fine and tender taste is sliding soft, and skin is thin, and fat is an amount of between flesh, and flavor is fragrant tempting.These characteristics are that large-scale broiler chicken is incomparable.The local flavor of this uniqueness is well suited at home and abroad Chinese's tradition and eats the chicken custom, also is the food of south east asia consumer favor.
Recent two decades comes, and China's yellow-feather broiler breeding and production cause have obtained swift and violent development.With Guangdong is example, and the yellow-feather broiler of nineteen ninety Guangdong Province listing only accounts for 10%, and broiler chicken accounts for 90%, along with the raising of living standards of the people, inversion has then taken place in 2006, and yellow-feather broiler accounts for 90% of the Guangdong fryer market share.2010, China's yellow-feather broiler landings reached 3,500,000,000, had reached the half of the country of China's fryer supply.But on the whole, China's high grade chook breeding cause still is in the more extensive stage.
Yellow-feather broiler is divided into from growth rate: quick type, three types on middling speed type and extra best best type.Type requires the public female average market weight of 42 ages in days to reach 1.3 ~ 1.5kg fast; Middling speed type chicken requires hen to go on the market at 60 ~ 70 ages in days, and body weight reaches 1.5 ~ 2.0kg; The extra best best type requires hen to go on the market at 90 ~ 120 ages in days, and body weight reaches 1.2 ~ 1.7kg.No matter surging day by day along with grain on the international market and feed price is quick type or middling speed type yellow-feather broiler, and the demand that improves growth rate and egg laying performance is all arranged.Utilization normal poultry breeding method improves growth rate and egg laying performance needs bigger investment; And the annual early growth speed genetic progress that obtains has only tens grams; Also only several pieces of the genetic progresses of egg number are so press for simple and practical, as can to improve China's local chicken egg laying performance in short time method in the production practices.
External broiler chicken chicken plumage look is a white, and it is fast to have long speed, and the excellent genes that egg laying performance is high, these excellent genes are the results that go through the half a century seed selection abroad.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, surging day by day to grain on the international market and feed price causes the present situation that chicken raising cost rises steadily, and a kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler is provided.
The present invention is that to solve the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of employing following:
A kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler, steps in sequence is:
Step 1, do male parent with external broiler chicken, do female parent with the yellow-feather broiler with jute plumage and yellow shin characteristic, hybridization produces the F1 generation that contains 50% external broiler chicken blood lineage, and the F1 that selects and remain is for cock, carries out feeding and management according to the feeding and management method of kind of chicken;
Step 2, do male parent for cock,, produce the F2 generation that contains 25% external broiler chicken blood lineage, F2 generation is pressed plumage look cohort respectively, pass through test cross, carry out feeding and management according to the feeding and management method of kind of chicken with the maternal mating in the step 1 with F1;
Step 3, with public female individual traversed by of each group of step 2 gained with expand numerously, and purify and fixing useful proterties according to family and individual choice method;
Step 4, warp be the seed selection of useful proterties from generation to generation more than 4 or 4, forms the fryer new lines that contains external broiler chicken blood lineage.
The said yellow-feather broiler with jute plumage and yellow shin characteristic of step 1 refers to Hong Kong jute chicken or good phoenix flower or fast rheum officinale.
The said fast rheum officinale of step 1 specifically can be selected south of the Five Ridges Huang or the yellow or new wide K96 of Guangdong fowl.
The said yellow-feather broiler with jute plumage and yellow shin characteristic of step 1 can be selected pure lines or parent or commodity godmother chicken.
The said external broiler chicken of step 1 refers to like to pull out increasingly, section is precious, a kind of in Luo Si or the hypo sieve.
The said external broiler chicken of step 1 can be selected A for generations, or parent AB or for generations by product CD cock or commodity for cock.
Step 3 and 4 said useful proterties refer to growth rate than in the step 1 maternal fast, crest is big and red and upright, build circle rolls.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, among the present invention; Because the external broiler chicken as male parent has the fast advantage (42 ages in days can reach 2.5kg) of long speed; As the long speed of the domestic yellow-feather broiler of female parent very slow (Hong Kong jute chicken has only 0.9kg the same period, and the fast rheum officinale such as the south of the Five Ridges are yellow, and new wide K96 also has only 1.3-1.5kg).The present invention introduces the fast gene of the long speed of external broiler chicken in the domestic yellow-feather broiler; Because growth rate mainly is an additive genetic effect; Therefore the yellow feather dwarf broiler strain raising by a relatively large margin that the present invention cultivated the growth rate of China's yellow-feather broiler; Fast rheum officinale, Hong Kong jute chicken and good phoenix quirk that 42 ages in days contain 25% external broiler chicken blood lineage heavily can reach 1.8-1.9kg, 1.3-1.5kg and 1.7-1.8kg respectively.
2, among the present invention; Because the external broiler chicken as male parent has the reproductive performance advantage of higher; Go into to give up hen and on average lay eggs 193 pieces 66 ages in week as liking to pull out increasingly (AA) fryer, and relatively low as the egg laying performance of maternal domestic yellow-feather broiler, have only the same period about 170 pieces.The present invention adopts the breeding route of C and CD, can the high gene of external fryer egg laying performance be imported in the domestic yellow-feather broiler.Because the external long-time high gene accumulation of egg laying performance of selecting; Therefore the yellow feather dwarf broiler strain certain amplitude ground that the present invention cultivated has improved the egg laying performance of China's yellow-feather broiler, and the new lines that contains 25% external broiler chicken maternal blood lineage can improve about egg production to 180 piece.
3, in the step 2 of the present invention, F2 can produce reed catkins in addition for the individuality of meeting generation jute plumage look, grey plumage, black plumage, the white plumage individuality of dominance.Wherein jute plumage look be breeding route of the present invention the most important plumage look that will cultivate; The individuality of the jute plumage look of being cultivated not only has 25% external broiler chicken blood lineage; And hair color is that Chinese Consumer's comprises the plumage look that generally like in external Chinese area, has important economic implications.And the individuality of other plumage look can need keep in step 2 or eliminate based on the breeding actual conditions.
Control feather color individual in the fryer new lines of the present invention if desired; If the control feather color has only the jute plumage; Then in the seed selection of step 2 and step 3; Select principle except growth rate than in the step 1 maternal fast, crest is big and red and upright, build circle rolls, also to add the requirement of only selecting jute feather look.
4, the present invention can the blood lineage import China's yellow feather dwarf broiler strain with external broiler chicken high productivity; In the short period of time, obtain the genetic progress of economic characters, improved the productivity of China's yellow-feather broiler greatly; The gene of the excellent productivity of external kind have been made full use of; The achievement of having shared world's human civilization, technology path of the present invention have been enriched China's yellow-feather broiler breeding theory, have great practice and economic implications.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is carried out detailed description.Following embodiment is of the present invention specifying, and mentioned concrete kind as male parent and maternal chicken among the embodiment specifically is pure lines, parent or commodity generations to be not to qualification of the present invention, and the present invention protected, and also to be not limited to embodiment listed.
Because that test cross, traversed by expand is numerous, family system of selection, individual choice method all are the methods that those skilled in the art use always, does not therefore do detailed description at this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler, steps in sequence is:
Step 1, with broiler chicken AA for generations chicken house by product CD cock do male parent; Do female parent with Hong Kong jute chicken pure lines hen; Hybridization produces F1 generation, and F1 generation is contained the blood lineage of the parent CD of 50% AA, and F1 generation be white plumage individuality basically; The F1 white plumage cock in generation of selecting and remain, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 2, do male parent with the cock in F1 generation; Hong Kong jute chicken pure lines hen with in the step 1 is cooked female parent; Hybridization produces the parent CD blood lineage's contain 25% AA F2 for individuality, and the F2 that selects and remain is for the individuality of jute feather look, and carries out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 3, F2 fix for public female individual traversed by of jute feather look and expand numerous; And establishment family; Purify and economic characters such as fixed growth speed and egg laying performance according to family and individual choice method; Pay attention to yellow shin in addition, face shapings such as sexual maturity and build will select that growth rate is faster than former Hong Kong jute chicken, egg laying performance is than the individuality that former Hong Kong jute chicken hen is high, crest is big and red and upright, hair color jute look, build circle roll;
The seed selection of step 4,4 useful proterties of generation of warp forms the yellow-feather broiler new lines that contains external broiler chicken AA 25% blood lineage.
Through the yellow feather dwarf broiler new lines that this method is cultivated, growth rate is that 42 age in days body weight are 1.3-1.5kg, and go into to give up hen and lay eggs 185 pieces 66 ages in week, and growth rate and egg laying performance significantly improve than domestic existing yellow-feather broiler.
Embodiment 2
A kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler, steps in sequence is:
Step 1, with section's treasured for generations A be that cock is cooked male parent, do female parent with good phoenix flower parent hen, hybridization produces F1 generation; F1 is for the blood lineage of the precious system of D for generations of the section of containing 50%; F1 generation be white plumage individuality basically, the F1 cock in generation of selecting and remain, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 2, do male parent with the cock in F1 generation; With the good phoenix flower parent hen mating in the step 1, hybridization produce contain 25% section's treasured for generations A be blood lineage's F2 generation, it is individual that F2 produces jute plumage look, Bai Yu, reed catkins, black plumage, grey plumage for meeting; Select and remain in F2 generation jute plumage, reed catkins, black plumage and grey plumage is individual and cohort respectively; Through test cross, set up strain underlying group separately, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 3, with step 2 gained F2 for the public female individuality of jute plumage and black plumage respectively traversed by fix and expand numerously, and set up family, according to family and the purification of individual choice method and fixed growth speed and egg laying performance.Pay attention to face shapings such as sexual maturity, build in addition, select growth rate than former good phoenix spend soon, crest is big and red and individuality upright, that the build circle rolls;
The seed selection of step 4,4 generations of warp forms the yellow-feather broiler and the black plumage new lines that contain precious 25% blood lineage of section.
Through yellow feather dwarf broiler and black plumage fryer new lines that this method is cultivated, 42 age in days growth rate are 1.8-2.1kg, and growth rate significantly improves than domestic existing yellow-feather broiler.
Embodiment 3
A kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler, steps in sequence is:
Step 1, do male parent with the parent AB cock of Luo Si, do female parent with the yellow commodity godmother of Guangdong fowl chicken, hybridization produces F1 generation; The B for generations that F1 generation is contained 50% Luo Si is the blood lineage; F1 generation all is white plumage individuality, the F1 cock in generation of selecting and remain, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 2, do male parent with F1 for cock, with the yellow commodity godmother of the Guangdong fowl chicken mating in the step 1, hybridization produces the parent AB blood lineage's who contains 25% Luo Si offspring, the individuality of the jute feather look of selecting and remain, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 3, the public female individual traversed by of step 2 gained is fixed and expanded numerously, and set up family, according to family and the purification of individual choice method and fixed growth speed and egg laying performance.Pay attention to the shin look in addition, sexual maturity, face shapings such as build select growth rate than the individuality that former Guangdong fowl is yellow soon, crest is big and red and upright, hair color jute look and build circle roll;
The seed selection of step 4,5 useful proterties of generation of warp forms the yellow-feather broiler new lines that contains Luo Si 25% blood lineage.
Through the yellow feather dwarf broiler new lines that this method is cultivated, 42 age in days growth rate are 1.7-1.8kg, and growth rate and feedstuff-meat ratio index significantly improve than domestic existing yellow-feather broiler.
Embodiment 4
A kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler, steps in sequence is:
Step 1, with section's treasured for generations C system do male parent, do female parent with new wide K96 parent hen, hybridization produces F1 generation, F1 generation be white plumage basically, contains 50% the treasured blood lineage of section, the F1 cock in generation of selecting and remain, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 2, make male parent with the cock in F1 generation, with new wide K96 parent hen mating, produce the F2 generation that contains the precious parent hen C blood lineage of 25% section of a small amount of jute plumage look, the jute plumage look of selecting and remain is individual, and carries out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 3, step 2 gained F2 fix for public female individual traversed by of jute feather look and expand numerously, and set up family, according to family and the purification of individual choice method and fixed growth speed and egg laying performance; In addition, pay attention to select the shin look, sexual maturity, face shapings such as hair color and build select that growth rate is faster than former new wide K96, egg laying performance is than former new wide K96 hen height, crest is big and red and upright, hair color jute look and build circle roll individuality;
The seed selection of step 4,4 useful proterties of generation of warp forms the yellow-feather broiler new lines that contains precious 25% blood lineage of section.
Through the yellow feather dwarf broiler new lines that this method is cultivated, 42 age in days growth rate are 1.9-2.1kg, go into to give up 186 pieces of hen egg laying performances 66 ages in week.Growth rate and egg laying performance significantly improve than domestic existing yellow-feather broiler.
Embodiment 5
A kind of main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler, steps in sequence is:
Step 1, do male parent with AA parent AB, do female parent with the yellow parent hen in the south of the Five Ridges, hybridization produces F1 generation, and F1 generation is white plumage all basically, and contains 50% AA blood lineage, the F1 cock in generation of selecting and remain, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Step 2, make male parent with the cock in F1 generation; Do female parent with the yellow parent hen in the south of the Five Ridges in the step 1; Hybridization produces the F2 generation that contains 25% AA blood lineage, and F2 produces jute plumage look, Bai Yu, reed catkins, grey plumage, black plumage individuality for meeting, with the individual cohort respectively of above-mentioned jute plumage, reed catkins, grey plumage and black plumage; Pass through test cross, and carry out feeding and management according to kind of a fowl raising management method;
Public female individual traversed by of step 3, each group of step 2 gained is fixed and is expanded numerously, and sets up family, according to family and the purification of individual choice method and fixed growth speed and egg laying performance; In addition, pay attention to the shin look, sexual maturity, face shapings such as hair color and build select growth rate than yellow fast, feedstuff-meat ratio is lower than the yellow hen in the former south of the Five Ridges, crest is big and red and upright, hair color jute look, build circle roll the individuality in the former south of the Five Ridges;
The seed selection of step 4,6 useful proterties of generation of warp forms the yellow-feather broiler, reed catkins chicken, grey plumage fryer, the black plumage fryer new lines that contain AA 25% blood lineage.
Through the high quality meat chicken new lines that this method is cultivated, 42 age in days growth rate are 1.9-2.1kg, and the more domestic existing yellow-feather broiler of growth rate and feedstuff-meat ratio improves significantly.
Claims (1)
1. main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler, steps in sequence is:
Step 1, do male parent with external broiler chicken, do female parent with the yellow-feather broiler with jute plumage and yellow shin characteristic, hybridization produces the F1 generation that contains 50% external broiler chicken blood lineage, and the F1 that selects and remain is for cock, carries out feeding and management according to the feeding and management method of kind of chicken;
Step 2, do male parent for cock,, produce the F2 generation that contains 25% external broiler chicken blood lineage, F2 generation is pressed plumage look cohort respectively, pass through test cross, carry out feeding and management according to the feeding and management method of kind of chicken with the maternal mating in the step 1 with F1;
Step 3, with public female individual traversed by of each group of step 2 gained with expand numerously, and purify and fixing useful proterties according to family and individual choice method;
Step 4, warp be the seed selection of useful proterties from generation to generation more than 4 or 4, forms the fryer new lines that contains external broiler chicken blood lineage;
The said yellow-feather broiler with jute plumage and yellow shin characteristic of step 1 refers to pure lines or parent or the commodity godmother chicken of Hong Kong jute chicken; The pure lines or parent or the commodity godmother chicken that perhaps refer to good phoenix flower; The pure lines or parent or the commodity godmother chicken that perhaps refer to fast rheum officinale, wherein fast rheum officinale are specially south of the Five Ridges Huang or the yellow or new wide K96 of Guangdong fowl;
The said external broiler chicken of step 1 is pulled out A for generations increasingly for liking, or parent AB or for generations a by product CD cock or commodity for cock; Perhaps be the precious A for generations of section, or parent AB or for generations a by product CD cock or commodity for cock; Perhaps be the A for generations of Luo Si, or parent AB or for generations by product CD cock or commodity for cock; Perhaps be the A for generations of hypo sieve, or parent AB or for generations by product CD cock or commodity for cock.
2. main breeding method as the special-purpose male parent line of yellow-feather broiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 3 and 4 said useful proterties refer to growth rate than in the step 1 maternal fast, crest is big and red and upright, build circle rolls.
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| CN104686450B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-03-08 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of large-scale broiler new lines, breeding method and the application soon of modern times |
| CN105248358A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2016-01-20 | 日照市畜牧站 | High production performance Rizhao ma chicken new strain cultivation method |
| CN106259169B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-06-28 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | A kind of breeding method for butchering processing type high-quality green-shank pockmarked-feather poulard |
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