CN102104396A - Pulse UWB (Ultra Wide Band) communication system based on CS (Compressed Sensing) theory - Google Patents
Pulse UWB (Ultra Wide Band) communication system based on CS (Compressed Sensing) theory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse UWB (Ultra Wide Band) communication system based on a CS (Compressed Sensing) theory. A digital signal (X) transmitted by a transmitting terminal is effectively observed by introducing signal detection in the CS theory through a sparse algorithm in a digital signal processor, combining a random precoding module added at the transmitting terminal and matching with a pulse generating module, a UWB channel and a low-speed sampler, and a common recovery reconfiguration algorithm in the CS theory is utilized to recover and reconstruct the digital signal (X) and realize communication. In the communication system provided by the invention, a plurality of parallel correlators and low-speed samplers needed in a first parallel scheme are not needed at a receiving terminal so that the problem of high hardware implementation complexity in the parallel scheme is solved; meanwhile, the low-speed sampler is directly used at the receiving terminal for sampling, and an analogue information converter is not used, so that the influence of the causality of a low-pass filter in the analogue information converter on observation is avoided and the problem of sparse observation matrix caused by the causality in a serial scheme is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pulse ultra-broadband communication system, particularly relate to a kind of pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory.
Background technology
Pulse ultra-broad band (Ultra Wideband, abbreviating UWB as) technology is as a kind of wireless communication technology scheme, with its low complex degree, low cost, high position precision, can share advantage such as frequency spectrum with other system, in wireless sensor network and hi-Fix and navigation system, have a wide range of applications.As shown in Figure 1, be the structure chart of UWB communication system, comprise transmitting terminal 1, UWB channel 2 and receiving terminal 3.Wherein, transmitting terminal 1 comprises pulse generation module 101, produces the UWB pulse by it, and digital signal X is transmitted after being loaded on the UWB pulse
U (t), sending to receiving terminal 3 by UWB channel 2, receiving terminal 3 comprises radio-frequency front-end 301 and digital signal processor 302, radio-frequency front-end 301 is an analogue device, to the received signal
R (t)Carry out analog (as filtering, relevant, sampling processing, the effect difference of different receiver radio frequency front ends, but be in above-mentioned three kinds of signal processing one or more), send into afterwards in the digital signal processor 302 signal is carried out Digital Signal Processing, obtain the estimating signal X ' of digital signal X, thereby digital signal is passed to receiving terminal from transmitting terminal, finishes whole communication process.
Because the UWB communication bandwidth is very big, can reach several GHz, if in the said system receiving terminal 3 directly to the received signal r (t) estimate and detect, can bring very large challenge to system's realization: (1) according to nyquist sampling theorem, receiving terminal 3 needs high sample frequency detection signal
R (t), this is difficult to be realized by analog to digital converter ADC single in the digital signal processor 302, even realize that analog to digital converter ADC sample frequency is higher also can to cause very high system power dissipation; (2) UWB channel multi-path number numerous (can reach hundreds of footpaths), multidiameter is big, this channel characteristic will bring serious intersymbol interference (ISI) to whole communication system, then needs complicated signal processing algorithm to resist ISI in the digital signal processor 302.Therefore, in the prior art, compressed sensing (Compress Sensing abbreviates CS as) theory is incorporated in the UWB communication system, thereby overcomes above-mentioned two challenges.
The CS theory is pointed out, if signal A is compressible or is sparse under certain transform-based, so just can signal A be projected on a low-dimensional (M dimension) space obtain observation signal B with the incoherent observing matrix of transform-based, just can from observation signal B, recover primary signal A by finding the solution an optimization problem then with very high probability by one.In the prior art, the CS theory is incorporated into has two kinds of schemes to realize in the UWB communication system.
First kind of scheme is called parallel scheme, as shown in Figure 2, use correlator unit 303(to form at receiving terminal 3 by M correlator) and low speed sampler unit 304(form by M low speed sampler), then pulse generation module 101, UWB channel 2, correlator unit 303 and 304 equivalences of low speed sampler unit are the observing matrix under the CS theory, realization is to effective observation of signal X, obtain observation signal Y(i) (i=1,2,3 ... M), common signal recovery restructing algorithm can recover signal X in the CS theory by storage in the digital signal processor 307.This scheme can be resisted intersymbol interference problem ISI, and need not high-speed sampling, still, needs to increase by one group of correlator and one group of low speed sampler in the scheme, and the complexity that system hardware is realized is very high, and the cost of communication system and power consumption are also bigger.
Second kind of scheme is called serial scheme, and as shown in Figure 3, receiving terminal 3 uses analog information transducer 305, and wherein, analog information transducer 305 comprises pseudo-random sequence generator 3051, low pass filter 3052 and low speed sampler 3053.Store algorithm in the digital signal processor 306, can be with the signal that receives
R (t)Be considered as rarefaction, thereby the input problem is introduced in the CS theory, and pulse generation module 101, UWB channel 2 and 305 equivalences of analog information transducer are the observing matrix under the CS theory, realization is to effective observation of signal X, obtain observation signal Y(i), common signal recovery restructing algorithm recovers the signal that receiving terminal 3 receives in the CS theory by storage in the digital signal processor 306 then
R (t), and then recover signal X.The complexity that this scheme system hardware is realized is low, but but there are two other shortcomings: 1) because simulation low-pass filter 3052 has causality, these characteristics can make the observing matrix under the CS theory of analog information transducer 305 structure become sparse, thereby reduce the validity of observation station, cause the communication system performance variation; 2) communication system needs the spreading rate of pseudo-random sequence generator 3051 very high, has so also increased system power dissipation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: remedy above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of new pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory is proposed, can overcome the high problem of hardware implementation complexity in the parallel scheme, also can overcome the sparse problem of the observing matrix that causes because of causality in the serial scheme, the simultaneity factor power consumption is also lower.
Technical problem of the present invention is solved by following technical scheme:
A kind of pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory, comprise transmitting terminal, UWB channel and receiving terminal, the packet that described pulse ultra-broadband communication system is to be sent is expressed as digital signal, described digital signal transfers to described receiving terminal from described transmitting terminal by described UWB signal, described receiving terminal is based on the theoretical described digital signal of reconstruct of recovering of CS, described transmitting terminal comprises precoding module and pulse generation module at random, described precoding module is at random carried out stochastic transformation to described digital signal, obtains the conversion vector; Described pulse generation module receiving conversion vector loads on the conversion vector in the UWB pulse of its generation and is transmitted; Described UWB channel receives transmitting of described pulse generation module output, and the output receiving end signal is to receiving terminal; Described receiving terminal comprises low speed sampler and digital signal processor, described low speed sampler is sampled to described receiving end signal, the observation signal of output digital signal is to described digital signal processor, stores in the described digital signal processor to be used for rarefaction algorithm that described digital signal rarefaction is represented, the equivalent matrix of described precoding module at random under the CS theory, the equivalent matrix of described pulse generation module under the CS theory, be used to estimate the channel estimation method of the impulse response of described UWB channel, be used for obtaining the derivation algorithm and the recovery restructing algorithm that is used for reconstructing described digital signal of the equivalent matrix of described UWB channel under the CS theory from described observation signal recovery according to described impulse response derivation.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is compared with the prior art is:
Pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory of the present invention, by the rarefaction algorithm in the digital signal processor input is introduced in the CS theory, the precoding module at random that increases in conjunction with transmitting terminal, cooperated pulse generation module, UWB channel and low speed sampler to realize effective observation of digital signal X that transmitting terminal is sent.Utilize the recovery restructing algorithm of using always in the CS theory in the digital signal processor can recover reconstructed number signal X, realize communication.Because in the communication system of the present invention, receiving terminal does not need to need parallel a plurality of correlators and low speed sampler in the picture scheme one parallel scheme, has therefore overcome the high problem of hardware implementation complexity in the parallel scheme; Receiving terminal directly uses the low speed sampler to sample simultaneously, do not need to use the analog information transducer, also just avoided of the influence of the causality of the low pass filter in the analog information transducer, overcome the sparse problem of the observing matrix that causes because of causality in the serial scheme observation; Do not need to use pseudo-random sequence generator in the simultaneity factor, system power dissipation is also reduced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of UWB communication system in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the parallel scheme structure chart that in the prior art CS theory is incorporated in the UWB communication system;
Fig. 3 is the serial scheme structure chart that in the prior art CS theory is incorporated in the UWB communication system;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the UWB communication system in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and contrast accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further details.
As shown in Figure 4, the UWB communication system architecture figure based on the CS theory in this embodiment comprises transmitting terminal 41, UWB channel 42 and receiving terminal 43.
Transmitting terminal 41 comprises precoding module 4101 and pulse generation module 4102 at random.The packet that pulse ultra-broadband communication system is to be sent is expressed as digital signal X, and digital signal X is the conversion vector Z through precoding module 4101 stochastic transformations at random, is superimposed to subsequently in the UWB pulse that pulse generation module 4102 produces to be transmitted
U (t)Thereby, launch.
Transmitting of UWB channel 42 received pulse generation module 4102 outputs
U (t), the output receiving end signal
R (t)To receiving terminal 43.
Receiving terminal 43 comprises low speed sampler 4301 and digital signal processor 4302,4301 pairs of receiving end signals of low speed sampler
R (t)Sample, the observation signal Y of output digital signal X is to digital signal processor 4302, stores in the digital signal processor 4302 to be used for rarefaction algorithm that digital signal X rarefaction is represented, the equivalent matrix of precoding module 4101 under the CS theory at random, the equivalent matrix of pulse generation module 4102 under the CS theory, be used to estimate the channel estimation method of the impulse response of UWB channel 42, be used for obtaining the derivation algorithm and the recovery restructing algorithm that is used for reconstructing digital signal X of the equivalent matrix of UWB channel 42 under the CS theory from observation signal Y recovery according to the impulse response derivation.
This communication system is observed data-signal X based on the CS theory, and reconstruct requires the sparse of pending signal under the CS theory simultaneously, therefore rarefaction in following minute, observation, reconstruct three parts are described the algorithm of storing in communication system and the digital signal corresponding processor 4303.
First: rarefaction
Data-signal X at first need handle through rarefaction, in the corresponding system, promptly is the rarefaction algorithm realization that digital signal X is represented in rarefaction that is used for by storage in the digital signal processor in the receiving terminal 43 4302.
The rarefaction algorithm is specially: set virtual sample frequency
FsIn this embodiment, the bit number of the packet that communication system sends is K, and then digital signal X is the information vector of K * 1 dimension, element take from set 1 ,-1}; The bit rate of packet is
f Bit , bit duration is 1/
f Bit The duration of the pulse that pulse generation module 4102 produces is
Tp, then the number of the pulse that overlaps of the nothing that can hold in packet bit duration be D=1/ (
T p f Bit ), the virtual sampling number q=that adopts in the duration of a pulse
T p f s Then digital signal X rarefaction is expressed as:
Wherein, c
1 ,-1}, expression transmission information; Virtual sample frequency
FsNeed to take all factors into consideration setting according to requirement of sparse property and the Corresponding Sparse Algorithm computational complexity of digital signal X, making virtual sampled point q simultaneously is integer.Virtual sample frequency
FsBig more, the sparse property after the digital signal X rarefaction is good more, and error rate of system is just low more.But the computational complexity of Corresponding Sparse Algorithm and recovery restructing algorithm described later also can increase thereupon, therefore needs compromise to consider.
After X was represented in rarefaction, X was the vector of KDq * 1 dimension, only at Dq, 2Dq, 3Dq ... there is numerical value at K places such as KDq, and all the other positions are 0., and then digital signal X is promptly by rarefaction.According to signal theory, arbitrary sparse signal all can be expressed as the product of its sparse base and coefficient vector, so the digital signal after the rarefaction also can be expressed as X=ψ θ, and wherein θ is the coefficient vector of digital signal X; ψ=[
ψ 0,
ψ 1,
ψ 2...,
ψ Г X-1] be Г
X* Г
XThe dimension unit matrix, Г
X=KDq.When K＜＜Г
XThe time, digital signal X is sparse under orthogonal basis ψ, and ψ is the sparse base of digital signal X, and coefficient vector θ equals digital signal X.
Second portion: observation
Under the CS theory, after X is represented in rarefaction, promptly need digital signal X effectively to be observed, obtain observation signal Y by observing matrix, in the corresponding system, promptly be the processing of precoding module 4101, pulse generation module 4102, UWB channel 42,4301 couples of data-signal X of low speed sampler at random.Therefore, each module can corresponding equivalence be an observing matrix to the general effect of the processing operation of digital signal X, therefore need respective stored to set the equivalent matrix of each module under the CS theory in the digital signal processor 4302, thereby the equivalent matrix combination by each module obtains observing matrix, is used for aftermentioned and recovers reconstruct.
Digital signal X after 4101 pairs of rarefactions of precoding module carries out stochastic transformation at random, and it plays crucial effects in system, is determining the validity of communication system signal observation to a great extent.In this embodiment, its equivalent matrix under the CS theory of storage is set at a stochastic transformation matrix in the digital signal processor 4302
,
Wherein,
I=n * q, n is a natural number,
1≤n≤DKГ
X=
KDqCoefficient a is used to regulate the average transmit power of transmitting terminal for adjusting parameter; The value of nonzero element is taken from the once realization of standard Gaussian Profile or is taken from the random sequence sign indicating number in the matrix.In detail, for example can generate Gaussian-distributed variable at random, give above-mentioned nonzero element with the value of Gaussian-distributed variable and get final product by the matlab application software; Also can from the random sequence sign indicating number, extract+1 ,-1 and give above-mentioned nonzero element.
Carry out the conversion vector Z that obtains after the stochastic transformation, be Z=
X.
Conversion vector Z input pulse generation module 4102 is transmitted
U (t)In this embodiment, the equivalent matrix of pulse generation module 4102 under the CS theory of storage is set in the digital signal processor 4302
,
Be Г
X* Г
XMatrix,
Wherein, in the matrix
,
λ 0=[
p 0 p 1 p Q-1]
TThe virtual vector of samples of UWB pulse in its duration for 4103 generations of pulse generation module.
About the equivalent matrix of UWB channel under the CS theory, be to derive by the derivation algorithm to obtain.At first estimate to obtain the impulse response h of UWB channel by the channel estimation method in the digital signal processor 4302, channel estimation method belongs to algorithm known in this field, do not elaborate at this, derived by the derivation algorithm then and draw equivalent matrix, specific algorithm is: the row element that extracts the toeplitz matrix of impulse response h obtains out the equivalent matrix of UWB channel under the CS theory.With the equivalent matrix notation of UWB channel under the CS theory be
, then
It is as follows with the relational expression of h,
Wherein,
, symbol in the formula
Round in the expression;
μ=
Fs△
t, △
tBe the sampling time interval of described low speed sampler, simultaneously described virtual sample frequency
Fs,△
tValue make
μBe integer.
Through after the above-mentioned setting, the observing matrix of this communication system structure is under the CS theory
=Ф
3Ф
2Ф
1, then observation signal Y promptly is expressed as:
Wherein, W is a noise vector.
Third part: recover reconstruct
After the observation, known observing matrix
, the recovery restructing algorithm in the combined digital signal processor 4303 can come out data-signal X reconstruct.By the Maximum Likelihood Detection principle, the recovery restructing algorithm that relates to the CS theory in this communication system can be summed up as the quadratic programming problem of finding the solution a standard.
Definition X
+=max (X, 0), X
=max (X, 0), X=X
+X
Make S=[(X
+)
T, (X
)
T]
TThen quadratic programming problem is:
Wherein, symbol
Between representing matrix or vectorial corresponding element greater than relation; Г
X=
KDqR, g and
Be respectively:
For finding the solution of above-mentioned quadratic programming problem, existing multiple ripe algorithm is described no longer one by one at this in the prior art.
The as above description of three parts based on the CS theory, through rarefaction, is effectively observed and is recovered reconstruct, has realized that promptly communication system transfers to receiving terminal with digital signal from transmitting terminal.The communication system of this embodiment can be applicable to such as burst communication occasions such as wireless sensor networks, and when need sent information, described system sent burst packet; When not having information to send, then system is in resting state.
The pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory of this embodiment increases precoding module enforcement at random to effective observation of signal, and places it in transmitter terminal, thereby greatly reduces the complexity of receiver.In the receiver end restructing algorithm, by pulse generation module and UWB channel being regarded as the part of signal observation process in the CS theory, provided the rarefaction representation of raw digital signal, make and utilize the theoretical successful reconstruction signal of CS to become possibility.In the communication system, on the one hand, receiving terminal does not need to be connected as needing a plurality of correlators and low speed sampler to walk abreast in the parallel scheme, has therefore overcome the high problem of hardware implementation complexity in the parallel scheme; On the other hand, receiving terminal directly uses the low speed sampler to sample, do not need to use the analog information transducer, just avoided of the influence of the causality of the low pass filter in the analog information transducer yet, overcome the sparse problem of the observing matrix that causes because of causality in the serial scheme observation; Moreover, not needing the pseudo-random sequence generator that uses spreading rate very high in the system, system power dissipation is also reduced.
Above content be in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation to further describing that the present invention did, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, make some substituting or obvious modification without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, and performance or purposes are identical, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory, comprise transmitting terminal, UWB channel and receiving terminal, the packet that described pulse ultra-broadband communication system is to be sent is expressed as digital signal (X), described digital signal (X) transfers to described receiving terminal from described transmitting terminal by described UWB signal, described receiving terminal is characterized in that based on the theoretical described digital signal of reconstruct (X) of recovering of CS:
Described transmitting terminal comprises precoding module and pulse generation module at random, and described precoding module is at random carried out stochastic transformation to described digital signal (X), obtains conversion vector (Z); Described pulse generation module receiving conversion vector (Z), conversion vector (Z) is loaded in the UWB pulse of its generation and transmitted (
U (t));
Described UWB channel receive the transmitting of described pulse generation module output (
U (t)), the output receiving end signal (
R (t)) to receiving terminal;
Described receiving terminal comprises low speed sampler and digital signal processor, described low speed sampler to described receiving end signal (
R (t)) sample, the observation signal (Y) of output digital signal (X) is to described digital signal processor, stores in the described digital signal processor to be used for rarefaction algorithm that described digital signal (X) rarefaction is represented, the equivalent matrix of described precoding module at random under the CS theory, the equivalent matrix of described pulse generation module under the CS theory, be used to estimate the channel estimation method of the impulse response (h) of described UWB channel, be used for obtaining the derivation algorithm and the recovery restructing algorithm that is used for reconstructing described digital signal (X) of the equivalent matrix of described UWB channel under the CS theory from described observation signal (Y) recovery according to described impulse response (h) derivation.
2. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described rarefaction algorithm by setting virtual sample frequency realization, setting virtual sample frequency is
FsThe bit number of described packet to be sent is K, and bit rate is
f Bit , the duration of the pulse that described pulse generation module produces is
Tp, then described digital signal (X) rarefaction is expressed as:
Wherein, c
1 ,-1}, expression transmission information; D is the number of the pulse that overlaps of the nothing that can hold in the bit duration of described packet, D=1/ (
T p f Bit ); Q is the virtual sampling number of adopting in the duration of a described pulse, q=
T p f s Described virtual sample frequency
FsRequirement of sparse property and described Corresponding Sparse Algorithm computational complexity according to described digital signal X are taken all factors into consideration setting, simultaneously described virtual sample frequency
FsValue to make virtual sampled point q be integer.
3. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the equivalent matrix of described precoding module at random under the CS theory of storing in the described digital signal processor is
,
Wherein,
I=n * q, n is a natural number,
1≤n≤DKГ
X=
KDqCoefficient a is used to regulate the average transmit power of described transmitting terminal for adjusting parameter; The value of nonzero element is taken from the once realization of standard Gaussian Profile or is taken from the random sequence sign indicating number in the matrix.
4. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the equivalent matrix of described pulse generation module under the CS theory of storing in the described digital signal processor is
,
Be Г
X* Г
XMatrix,
Wherein, in the matrix
,
λ 0=[
p 0 p 1 p Q-1]
TThe virtual vector of samples of UWB pulse in its duration for described pulse generation module generation.
5. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the derivation algorithm of storing in the described digital signal processor is specially: the row element that extracts the toeplitz matrix of described impulse response h obtains the equivalent matrix of described UWB channel under the CS theory
, both relational expressions are as follows:
Wherein,
, symbol in the formula
Round in the expression;
μ=
Fs△
t, △
tBe the sampling time interval of described low speed sampler, described virtual sample frequency
Fs,△
tValue make
μBe integer.
6. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the recovery restructing algorithm of storing in the described digital signal processor is summed up as the quadratic programming problem of the standard of finding the solution.
7. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the quadratic programming problem of described standard is: definition X
+=max (X, 0), X
=max (X, 0), X=X
+X
Observation vector
Make S=[(X
+)
T, (X
)
T]
TQuadratic programming problem is:
Wherein, symbol
Between representing matrix or vectorial corresponding element greater than relation; Г
X=
KDqR, g and
Be respectively:
8. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described communication system applications is in the burst communication occasion, and when need sent information, described system sent burst packet; When not having information to send, then system is in resting state.
9. the pulse ultra-broadband communication system based on the CS theory according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described burst communication occasion is a wireless sensor network.
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| CN104158771A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-11-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Compressed sensing ultra-wide band channel estimation method and system based on multi-template dictionary |
| CN105141556A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-12-09 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | Ultra-wideband channel estimation method and ultra-wideband channel estimation device |
| WO2017024687A1 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | Ultra-broadband channel estimation method and device |
| CN107659315A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-02-02 | 天津大学 | A kind of sparse binary-coding circuit for compressed sensing |
| CN107659315B (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2020-11-10 | 天津大学 | Sparse binary coding circuit for compressed sensing |
| CN109787637A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-05-21 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of integer finite field compression sensing method |
| CN113159331A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-07-23 | 同济大学 | Self-adaptive sparsity quantization method of networked machine learning system |
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