CN102099127B - 适用于医疗超声换能器组件中的磁致伸缩致动器及具有此致动器的医疗超声手持件和医疗超声系统 - Google Patents
适用于医疗超声换能器组件中的磁致伸缩致动器及具有此致动器的医疗超声手持件和医疗超声系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种包括医疗超声换能器组件的磁致伸缩致动器的设备。该致动器包含从列表中选择的磁致伸缩合金。本发明还提供了一种医疗超声手持件，其包括能够以附着方式接纳端部操纵装置的超声换能器组件。该换能器组件包括具有磁致伸缩合金的磁致伸缩致动器，并且包括第一线圈，该第一线圈环绕致动器并能够激发致动器以使其具有大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅。本发明还提供了一种医疗超声系统，其包括手持件壳体、第一医疗超声换能器组件和能够附着于第一换能器组件的第一医疗端部操纵装置。第一换能器组件包括具有第一磁致伸缩合金的磁致伸缩第一致动器。第一换能器组件的至少一部分能够以附着方式插入到手持件壳体中，而不用使用工具，不会对手持件壳体造成损坏并且不会对第一换能器组件造成损坏。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2008年7月15日提交的序列号为61/080772的美国临时专利申请的优先权权益。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及医疗设备，更具体来讲，涉及医疗超声换能器组件的磁致伸缩致动器，涉及具有此致动器的医疗超声手持件并且涉及具有此致动器的医疗超声系统。
背景技术
已知的医疗超声系统使用具有压电换能器盘的层叠件的压电致动器来以超声方式驱动诸如超声刀的医疗端部操纵装置。已知的牙科系统使用由镍制成的磁致伸缩致动器来以超声方式驱动洁牙器清洁牙齿。已经由ETREMA Products，Inc.(Ames，Iowa)开发出一种牙科系统，其使用由Terfenol-D(铽、镝和铁金属的合金)制成的磁致伸缩致动器来以超声方式驱动洁牙器。ETREMA还正在开发一种供低频使用的由GALFENOL(镓和铁的合金)制成的磁致伸缩材料。
科学家和设计师还继续在寻求改进的医疗超声换能器组件的磁致伸缩致动器、改进的具有此致动器的医疗超声手持件和改进的具有此致动器的医疗超声系统。
发明内容
本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式是一种包括医疗超声换能器组件的磁致伸缩致动器的设备。所述致动器包含从如下合金组成的组中选择的磁致伸缩合金：包括铁和镓的合金；包括铁和铝的合金；包括铁、镓和铝的合金；包括钴、锰和镓的合金；包括镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、锰和铝的合金；包括镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、锰、镓和铝的合金；包括镍、锰、镓和铝的合金以及包括钴、镍、锰、铝和镓的合金。
本发明第一实施例的第二表现形式是一种医疗超声手持件，其包括能够以附着方式接纳以超声方式驱动的医疗端部操纵装置的医疗超声换能器组件。所述换能器组件包括中心纵向轴线、包括基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金的细长的磁致伸缩致动器、并且包括第一线圈，所述第一线圈基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准、环绕所述致动器并能够激发所述致动器以使其具有大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅。所述磁致伸缩合金选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。
本发明另一个实施例的表现形式是一种医疗超声系统，其包括手持件壳体、第一医疗超声换能器组件和能够附着于所述第一医疗超声换能器组件的以超声方式驱动的第一医疗端部操纵装置。所述第一医疗超声换能器组件包括第一中心纵向轴线并且包括细长的磁致伸缩第一致动器，所述第一致动器基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准并且包含第一磁致伸缩合金。所述第一医疗超声换能器组件的至少一部分能够以附着方式插入到所述手持件壳体中，而不用使用工具，不会对所述手持件壳体造成损坏并且不会对所述第一医疗超声换能器组件造成损坏。所述第一磁致伸缩合金选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。
从本发明的实施例的一个或多个表现形式中获得了若干有益效果和优点。在一个实例中，磁致伸缩致动器基本上由选自之前描述的组的磁致伸缩合金组成并且可选地包含掺杂物。在该实例中，磁致伸缩合金应该提供可延展的磁致伸缩致动器(不同于将需要被压实以具有耐久性的已知洁牙器的易碎Terfenol-D合金)。在该实例中，具有较高磁饱和限制的选定的磁致伸缩合金应该能够被容纳在直径小、符合人体工程学的手持件壳体中并且驱动较大直径的医疗端部操纵装置(与具有镍制动器的已知洁牙器的较小直径的端部操纵装置相比，这种较小的直径由于镍的较低磁饱和限制而提供了必定的声增益)。注意的是，洁牙器是用于从牙齿去除牙垢的低功率装置并且其强度不足以有效雕塑牙齿或去除骨头，然而本发明实施例的实例应该能够雕塑牙齿并切割骨头。
本文讨论的具有磁致伸缩合金的设备、医疗超声手持件和医疗超声系统可应用于牙科手术，但其不限于此。替代地，所述设备、医疗超声手持件和医疗超声系统可应用于总体切割、改型和密封生理组织，例如软组织、软骨组织和骨组织。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例的示意性剖视图，其包括具有磁致伸缩致动器的医疗超声换能器组件并且还示出了附着于换能器组件的端部操纵装置；
图2是图1中致动器的第一替代实施例的剖视图，其示出了层合的致动器；
图3是图1中致动器的第二替代实施例的剖视图，其示出了复合的致动器；
图4是图1中磁致伸缩致动器的磁致伸缩合金的应变与磁场关系的曲线图的无量纲实例，其在曲线图上示出了所需的操作点；
图5是本发明第二实施例的剖视图，其示出了包括冲洗/抽吸流体通路和感测线圈的医疗超声手持件，其中为了清晰起见省略了换能器组件中的一些元件；
图6A和图6B是图5中手持件的替代实施例，其中图6A示出了具有再循环冷却剂通路的手持件并且图6B示出了具有冲洗流体通路和抽吸流体通路的手持件；
图7是本发明另一个实施例的示意性侧正视图，其示出了医疗超声系统，其中该系统的医疗超声换能器组件均具有被切除以暴露其中的磁致伸缩致动器的部分；
图8至图12示出了图5中手持件的另外的替代实施例；
图13至图14是如图1一样的视图，但其示出的是医疗超声换能器组件和所附着的端部操纵装置的另外的实施例；
图15至图16是如图5一样的视图，但其示出的是手持件和所附着的端部操纵装置的另外的实施例；以及
图17是沿着图16中的17-17线截取的图16中手持件的剖视图，其示出了图16中的铁氧体/永久磁铁是周向间隔开的磁铁片断的阵列，在这些片断之间形成流体通路。
具体实施方式
在详细解释本发明的数个实施例的表现形式之前，应该指出的是，每个实施例的表现形式的应用或使用并不局限于附图和具体实施方式中详细示出的部件和步骤的构造和布置。本发明实施例的示例性表现形式可以其它表现形式、实施例、变型形式和修改形式来实施或结合到其他表现形式、实施例、变型形式和修改形式中，并可以多种方式实施或执行。此外，除非另外指明，否则本文所用的术语和表现形式是为了方便向读者描述本发明实施例的示例性表现形式的目的而选择的，并不是为了限制本发明。
此外，应当理解，下述表现形式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个可与下述其它的表现形式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个结合。
参照附图，其中类似的数字表明类似的元件，在图1中示出了本发明的第一实施例。图1中实施例的第一表现形式是一种设备10，其包括医疗超声换能器组件14的磁致伸缩制动器12。致动器12包括从以下合金组成的组中选择的磁致伸缩合金16：包括铁和镓的合金；包括铁和铝的合金；包括铁、镓和铝的合金；包括钴、锰和镓的合金；包括镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、锰和铝的合金；包括镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、锰、镓和铝的合金；包括镍、锰、镓和铝的合金以及包括钴、镍、锰、铝和镓的合金。在一个实例中，磁致伸缩致动器12基本上由从之前所述的组中选择的磁致伸缩合金16组成并且可选地包含掺杂物。磁致伸缩合金能够从ETREMA Products，Inc.(Ames，Iowa)商购获得。
在图1中实施例的第一表现形式的一个可实施方式中，磁致伸缩合金16的组成和构造过程提供了基本上满足医疗超声换能器组件14的磁致伸缩致动器12所需的六种特性的磁致伸缩合金。第一特性是可延展的磁致伸缩合金(不同于常规的Terfenol-D磁致伸缩合金和易碎的压电换能器盘)。可延展的磁致伸缩合金可以用于非压缩型致动器设计并且更容易被构造成所需的形状。第二特性是具有大于250华氏度的居里温度，以允许需要较少冷却(如果有的话)的稳固热操作并且允许常规的高压釜消毒。
第三特性是具有大于镍的磁致伸缩。镍的磁致伸缩大致为30ppm(百万分之三十)。第四特性是其磁饱和高于镍的磁饱和(在一个实例中，为镍的磁饱和的至少两倍)。在一个实施例中，第四特性是磁饱和为约150-300ppm，更具体地讲，约180-245ppm。第三特性和第四特性将使得与镍致动器相比，围绕该致动器的手持件的直径较小(例如，在一个实例中，直径减半)。第四特性使得所需的声放大的量最小。
第五特性是能够在医疗超声频率下操作并且驱动医疗端部操纵装置，该端部操纵装置在其远侧波腹尖的横截面面积为大于等于1mm2且小于等于8mm2(并且在一个实例中，为2.5mm2)，且在55.5kHz下的驻波振动的峰间幅值为大于等于40微米且小于等于120微米(并且在一个实例中，为65微米)。在一个举例说明中，6.4毫米直径的圆柱形钛制医疗端部操纵装置在55.5KHz下的治疗剂输出的范围为10-30微米峰间位移。在一个实例中，换能器致动曲线中的滞后被最小化，并且由应力引发的磁致伸缩系数的损失被最小化。影响这种最小化的因素包括：合金组成和掺杂物；由诸如机械轧制、拉延等的构造工艺引发的内部应力；以及退火条件，包括温度、时间、压力、气氛和机械、电或磁偏置。
注意的是，“远端”是较靠近患者的部分。还注意的是，“波腹”是振动的最大幅值的位置。另外，顶端的实例包括(而不限于)具有大致圆形或矩形横截面面积的顶端。医疗超声频率是大于等于20KHz且小于等于150KHz(并且在一个实例中，55.5KHz)的频率。
第六特性是能够将医疗超声换能器组件14容纳在外径为大于等于5毫米且小于等于15毫米(并且在一个实例中，为10毫米)的手持件壳体中。注意的是，所需直径较小的更符合人体工程学的手持件壳体连同所需的横截面较大且具有所需大小的振动幅值的端部操纵装置意味着可以采用最小的声增益或者不采用声增益。
在第一构造中，如图2的致动器的第一替代实施例所示，磁致伸缩致动器18包括多个层合层20(基本上垂直于主磁场堆叠)，各层均包含磁致伸缩合金16。在一个变型形式中，各层合层20的磁致伸缩合金16与相邻的各层合层20的磁致伸缩合金16电绝缘。层合的实例包括(而不限于)轧制的、机加工的和熔纺的带状纤维。
在第二构造中，如图3的致动器的第二替代实施例所示，磁致伸缩致动器22包含复合材料24，其中复合材料24包括非磁致激活的基质26和磁致伸缩合金16，其中磁致伸缩合金16分布于基质26中。在一个变型形式中，磁致伸缩合金16具有第一导电率，并且基质26具有小于第一导电率的第二导电率。基质26的实例包含热塑性挤出物或模制物、热固性环氧树脂或聚酰亚胺和印刷有KAPTON层的膜或涂层。注意的是，复合材料24能更容易形成任意的形状。还注意的是，这种层合的磁致伸缩致动器和复合的磁致伸缩致动器应该减小不期望的涡电流并且降低致动器的加热。
在第三构造中，以诸如晶体、多晶体或非晶体的本体材料构造磁致伸缩合金16。在一个变型形式中，调节磁致伸缩致动器12的本体材料，使得本体材料的导电率足够小从而不需要通过层合(或诸如在聚合物基质中分散之类的其它技术)来减小涡电流。
图1中实施例的第二表现形式是医疗超声手持件28，其包括能够以附着方式接纳以超声方式驱动的医疗端部操纵装置30的医疗超声换能器组件14。换能器组件14包括中心纵向轴线32，包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金16的细长的磁致伸缩致动器12，并且包括第一线圈34，该第一线圈34基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕致动器12并能够将致动器12激发成大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅。磁致伸缩合金16选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。
在图1中实施例的第二表现形式的一个应用中，所需的医疗谐振频率为大于等于20KHz且小于等于150KHz(并且在一个实例中，为55.5KHz)，并且所需的医疗振幅是55.5KHz下大于等于40微米且小于等于120微米(并且在一个实例中，为65微米)的纵向驻波振动峰间振幅。在一个变型形式中，端部操纵装置30(例如，刀片或剪切刀)具有大致圆形或矩形的远端顶端，其横截面面积大于等于1mm2且小于等于8mm2(并且在一个实例中，为2.5mm2)。在一个修改形式中，端部操纵装置30当以附着方式被换能器组件14接纳时被致动器12驱动，从而其远端波腹顶端64的纵向驻波振动振幅大致等于致动器12的振动振幅。
在图1中实施例的第二表现形式的第一可实施方式中，致动器12具有第一端36和第二端38，其中换能器组件14包括第一端块体(mass)40和第二端块体42，第一端块体40(例如(而不限于)通过螺栓附连、通过硬钎焊或通过激光焊接)附着于致动器12的第一端36，第二端块体42附着于致动器12的第二端38，并且其中第一端块体40能够以附着方式接纳端部操纵装置30(例如通过螺栓构造)。在一个变型形式中，换能器组件14包括永久磁铁44(或铁氧体磁铁，例如(而不限于)纵向狭缝或层合的铁氧体或永久磁铁)，其基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕致动器12，并且能够产生磁致伸缩合金16的应变与磁场关系的曲线图48(参见图4)上的所需操作点46的偏置磁场。操作点设置换能器组件的性能范围，并且在一个举例说明中将该范围最大化同时使到达操作点46的能量最小。在一个修改形式中，换能器组件14包括第二线圈50，该第二线圈50基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕永久磁铁44和第一线圈34，并且能够调节偏置磁场。
在图1中实施例的第二表现形式的第一可实施方式的一个实例中，换能器组件14包括第一磁场收集器52和第二磁场收集器54，第一磁场收集器52和第二磁场收集器54均基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并且一起纵向限制第一线圈34和永久磁铁44。在一个举例说明中，第一端块体40和第二端块体42是具有低声损失的软磁收集器，并且第一磁场收集器52和第二磁场收集器54是具有低声损失或高声损失的软磁收集器。在一个构造中，换能器组件14的元件被保持在塑性模制物(未示出)中。
图5中示出了本发明的第二实施例。图5中实施例的第一表现形式是医疗超声手持件128，其包括能够以附着方式接纳以超声方式驱动的医疗端部操纵装置130的医疗超声换能器组件114。换能器组件114包括中心纵向轴线132，包括基本上与纵向轴线132同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金16的细长的磁致伸缩致动器12，并且包括第一线圈34，该第一线圈34基本上与纵向轴线132同轴对准，环绕致动器12并能够将致动器12激发成大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅。磁致伸缩合金16选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。第一线圈34与致动器12横向间隔开。手持件128包括手持件壳体156和流体通路158，其中手持件壳体156与纵向轴线132基本上同轴对准并且环绕第一线圈34，并且其中流体通路158包括位于致动器12和第一线圈34之间的部分。
在图5中实施例的第一表现形式的第一应用中，流体通路158是冲洗通路和抽吸通路中的至少一者，并且当端部操纵装置130以附着方式被换能器组件114接纳时与端部操纵装置130流体连通。在第二应用中，如图6A的流体通路的替代实施例所示，致动器12与第一线圈34之间的手持件228的流体通路258是再循环冷却剂通路，并且当端部操纵装置230以附着方式被换能器组件214接纳时与端部操纵装置230流体连通。在第三应用中，如图6B的流体通路的替代实施例所示，当端部操纵装置230以附着方式被换能器组件214接纳时，手持件228的流体通路258是与端部操纵装置230流体连通的冲洗流体通路，并且手持件228的流体通路258′是与端部操纵装置230流体连通的抽吸流体通路。
在图5中实施例的第一表现形式的相同或不同的应用中，换能器组件114包括谐振器端块体160和感测线圈162。在该应用中，致动器12具有纵向端38，其中谐振器端块体160基本上与纵向轴线132同轴对准，声学连接到纵向端38，并且具有磁致伸缩特性。在该应用中，感测线圈162基本上与纵向轴线132同轴对准，环绕谐振器端块体160，并且能够对致动器振动频率和致动器振动振幅产生反馈，以控制致动器12(连同第一线圈34)从而基本上保持所需的医疗谐振频率和所需的医疗振幅。理解的是，基本上保持所需的医疗谐振频率和医疗振幅，从而即使所附着的医疗端部操纵装置130(例如超声刀)在(例如)组织切割期间处于负载状态时，所附着的医疗端部操纵装置130的远端波腹顶端164的所需振动振幅也得以保持。在不同的应用(图5或图6中未示出)中，第一线圈被设置成毗邻第二(感测)线圈，以更有效地激发致动器并且对较高频率模式进行优先的仿真。
注意的是，图6还示出了手持件壳体256、换能器组件214的中心纵向轴线232、谐振器端块体260、感测线圈262和致动器12的纵向端38。在一个实例中，谐振器端块体160和260以及端部操纵装置130和230均包含铝并且均基本上是波长的一半长(如致动器12一样)。谐振器端块体还被称作终端盒(end bell)，并且端部操纵装置减小的直径部分还被称作角(horn)。
在相同或不同的可实施方式中，如图5中的实施例所示，致动器12没有机械压实。
在图7中示出了本发明的另一个实施例。图7中实施例的第一表现形式是医疗超声系统366，其包括手持件壳体356、第一医疗超声换能器组件314和能够附着于第一医疗超声换能组件314的以超声方式驱动的第一医疗端部操纵装置330。第一医疗超声换能器组件314包括第一中心纵向轴线332，并且包括基本上与纵向轴线332同轴对准并且包含第一磁致伸缩合金16的细长的磁致伸缩第一致动器12。第一医疗超声换能器组件314的至少一部分能够以附着方式插入手持件壳体356中，而不用使用工具，不会对手持件壳体356造成损坏，并且对第一医疗超声换能器组件314造成损坏。第一磁致伸缩合金16选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。具有以上讨论的第四特性(具体来讲，更广的ppm范围内更高的磁饱和)的第一磁致伸缩合金16能够使医疗端部操纵装置在更宽的范围内操作。
第一医疗超声换能器组件314被消毒并可重新使用。第一医疗超声换能器通常在被插入到手持件壳体356之前被消毒，并且可以在从手持件壳体356中移除之后和/或在随后使用之前被消毒。第一医疗超声换能器组件314被与第一医疗端部操纵装置330一起消毒或者与第一医疗端部操纵装置330分开消毒。
注意的是，能够以附着方式插入手持件壳体中的换能器组件可以直接附着于手持件壳体(例如(而不限于)O形环)和/或可以通过附着到手持件壳体的其所附着的端部操纵装置间接附着到手持件壳体(例如(而不限于)通过O形环168和268，如图5和图6所示)。
在图7中实施例的第一表现形式的一个可实施方式中，使用用作纯摩擦件的密封O形环(参见附图5至图6和图15至图16中的O形环168、268和768-770)将第一医疗超声换能器组件314(间接地)附着到手持件壳体356。在相同或不同的可实施方式(未示出)中，例如，通过使用锁定环(即，通过手指驱动按压释放的弹簧)，通过使用可压低闩锁，或者通过使用滑动整理器(sliding collate)，以机械方式将第一医疗超声换能器组件314固定地捕获到手持件壳体356中。本领域的技术人员允许其它可实施方式。
在图7中实施例的第一表现形式的一个具体实施中，可以从手持件壳体356中移除第一医疗超声换能器组件314，而不用使用工具，不会对手持件壳体356造成损坏，不会对第一医疗超声换能器组件314造成损坏，并且不会对第一医疗端部操纵装置330造成损坏。即使在医疗过程中用户只是从超声换能器组件314上取下第一医疗端部操纵装置330并且用替代的医疗端部操纵装置将其替换，第一医疗端部操纵装置330也容易快速出现变化。在一个实施例中，第一医疗端部操纵装置330是一次性的单次使用的端部操纵装置。具有伴随医疗超声系统366的多种医疗端部操纵装置330的套件允许用户快速改变相同手持件上的端部操纵装置。在许多医疗过程中，尤其对于诸如骨科手术和整形手术的一些特定手术，时间是非常重要的。
在图7中实施例的第一表现形式的一个延伸形式中，医疗超声系统366包括第二医疗超声换能器组件374和能够附着于第二医疗超声换能器组件374的以超声方式驱动的第二医疗端部操纵装置430。第二医疗超生换能器组件374包括第二中心纵向轴线362并且包括细长的磁致伸缩第二致动器372，第二致动器372基本上与第二纵向轴线362同轴对准并包含第二磁致伸缩合金376。第二医疗超声换能器组件374的至少一部分能够以附着方式插入到手持件壳体356中并且可手动从手持件壳体356中移除，而不用使用工具，不会对手持件壳体356造成损坏，不会对第二医疗超声换能器组件374造成损坏，并且不会对第二医疗端部操纵装置360造成损坏。第二医疗端部操纵装置360与第一医疗端部操纵装置330不同。第二磁致伸缩合金376选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。
在图7中实施例的第一表现形式的一个应用中，第二端部操纵装置360能够附着于第二换能器组件374并且能够从其移除，而不会对第二医疗端部操纵装置360造成损坏并且不会对第二医疗超声换能器组件374造成损坏，并且第一医疗端部操纵装置330能够附着于第一医疗超声换能器组件314并且能够从其移除，而不会对第一医疗端部操纵装置330造成损坏并且不会对第一医疗超声换能器组件314造成损坏。在相同或不同的应用中，第一医疗超声换能器组件314和第一医疗端部操纵装置330在一起基本上没有声增益，并且第二医疗超声换能器组件374和第二医疗端部操纵装置360在一起基本上没有声增益。
在与图7中实施例的第一表现形式相关的一个方法中，在医疗过程开始之前，使用扭转工具并花费一定时间将第一医疗端部操纵装置330附着于第一医疗超声换能器组件314并将第二医疗端部操纵装置360附着于第二医疗超声换能器组件374，并且将第一医疗超声换能器组件314(连同所附着的第一医疗端部操纵装置330)快速插入并附着于手持件壳体356。然后，使用第一医疗端部操纵装置330对患者执行医疗过程的第一部分。然后，从手持件壳体356中快速移除第一医疗超声换能器组件314(连同所附着的第一医疗端部操纵装置330)，并且将第二医疗超声换能器组件374(连同所附着的第二医疗端部操纵装置360)快速插入并附着于手持件壳体356。然后，使用第二医疗端部操纵装置360对患者执行医疗过程的第二部分。与常规从公共压电医疗超声换能器组件上取下第一医疗端部操纵装置并且将第二医疗端部操纵装置附着于公共压电医疗超声换能器组件相比，这样缩短了医疗过程的实际时间。
在图7中实施例的第一表现形式的一个实例中，第二医疗超声换能器组件374基本上等同于第一医疗超声换能器组件314。在另一个实例中，它们明显不同。在一个变型形式中，作为用于识别手持件的专用识别器的各医疗超声换能器组件以及换能器组件/端部操纵装置组合在医疗过程之前被发生器(未示出)事先察看，以进行发生器所需的任何初始设置从而有效运行该组合。通过从手持件壳体356延伸的线缆370可将该发生器附着于换能器组件。
以下的段落描述了本发明实施例的其它实例。
图8至图12是图5中的手持件的另外实施例的视图，包括尺寸、声组件的附着和/或感测线圈的位置。在图5中实施例的可供选择的表现形式的一个实例中，如图8所示，医疗超声手持件428包括具有中心纵向轴线32的医疗超声换能器组件414，包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金16的细长的磁致伸缩致动器12，并且包括第一线圈34，该第一线圈34基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕致动器12，并能够将致动器12激发成大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅。磁致伸缩合金16选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。第一线圈34与致动器12横向间隔开，从而得到流体通路458。
手持件428包括手持件壳体456，该手持件壳体456基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并且环绕医疗超声换能器组件414。手持件壳体456部分限定流体通路458。流体通路458的一部分位于致动器12与第一线圈434之间，并且与端部操纵装置430中的开口流体连通。端部操纵装置以附着方式被换能器组件接纳并且(例如)利用O形环468密封地连接到手持件壳体。端部操纵装置430包括顶端464。
磁致伸缩致动器12的直径具有小于第一端块体440直径的直径，该第一端块体440将端部操纵装置附着于磁致伸缩致动器12。在一个实施例中，制动器12的直径比第一端块体440小了第一端块体直径的约1/4。如图8至图12所示，第一端块体440的直径为6.0mm，致动器12的直径为4.5mm并且手持件的整体直径为8.0mm。
磁致伸缩致动器12的长度为二分之一波长。该长度提供了毗邻振动波腹的端部操纵装置的附着。包括第一端块体440的端部操纵装置430的长度为二分之一波长。为了避免与致动器的谐波发生干扰，将O形环468设置在波节处或者毗邻波节设置。
图9是在图8的实施例的基础上添加谐振器端块体460，该谐振器端块体460连接到磁致伸缩致动器12的与端部操纵装置430相对的一端。致动器的二分之一波长提供了振动波腹处的谐振器端块体460或其它声组件的附着。第二端块体460的长度约为二分之一波长，并且可以与致动器12具有大约相同的直径。为了密封手持件，可以将第二O形环469置于谐振器端块体460与手持件壳体456之间(位于或毗邻波节)，以避免与致动器的振动发生干扰。
图10是在图8的实施例的基础上添加了谐振器端块体460和感测线圈462。谐振器端块体460具有磁致伸缩特性，基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，并且声连接到致动器12的与端部操纵装置430相对的一端。感测线圈462基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并且环绕谐振器端块体460。感测线圈462可以位于或毗邻波节，并且可以与谐振器端块体460横向间隔开，以提供流体通路458的一部分。
图11是在图8的实施例的基础上添加了谐振器端块体460、第二O形环469和感测线圈462。在该实施例中，如以上针对图9说明地设置谐振器端块体460和O形环469。然而，感测线圈462基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并且环绕端部操纵装置430的第一端块体440，毗邻手持件壳体456的接纳端部操纵装置的一端。在该实施例中，第一端块体440具有磁致伸缩特性。
在图11中实施例的第一应用中，O形环468和/或O形环469分别与第一端块体440和谐振器端块体460配合，并且可以被设置成或施用成预压磁致伸缩致动器12以调节其操作点及效率。在图11的替代实施例中，应力元件可以设置在O形环469附近，以向谐振器端块体460施加压力，从而调节磁致伸缩致动器12的操作点和效率。可调节应力元件来改变操作点和效率。应力元件可以是接触谐振器端块体460并且贯穿手持件壳体456的可调节螺栓，或者是施用到谐振器端块体460的配重块；然而，本领域的普通技术人员尽可能地理解替代的应力元件。
图12是在图8的实施例的基础上添加了谐振器端块体460、感测线圈462和端部操纵装置中的多个开口481、482，这多个开口用于形成端部操纵装置430内的流体通路458与通道480之间的流体连通。在该实施例中，感测线圈462设置在手持件壳体456内，如针对图11所描述的。手持件壳体456部分环绕谐振器端块体460，并且内盖486与手持件壳体456的外壁488一起限定流体通路的一部分，使得在内盖486和外壁488之间形成流体通路。可以设置内盖486，使得流体通路只接触谐振器端块体460的一部分。
图13至图14是示出如图1一样的视图，不同之处在于医疗超声换能器组件和所附着的端部操纵装置的另外实施例。在图1中实施例的替代实施例的一个实例中，如图13所示，换能器组件514包括中心纵向轴线32，包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金16的细长的磁致伸缩致动器12，并且包括第一线圈534，该第一线圈534基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕致动器12并能够将致动器12激发成大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅。致动器12具有第一端36和第二端38，其中换能器组件514包括附着于第一端36的端部操纵装置30和附着于第二端38的第二端块体42。磁致伸缩合金16选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。
换能器组件514包括第二线圈550，该第二线圈550基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕第一线圈534并能够调节偏置磁场。换能器组件514包括第一径向永久磁铁544和第二径向永久磁铁546，第一径向永久磁铁544和第二径向永久磁铁546均基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并且一起纵向限制第一线圈534和第二线圈550。第一径向永久磁铁544具有第一方向545的磁场，并且第二径向永久磁铁546具有第二方向547的磁场，第二方向547与第一方向545相反。如图13所示，第一方向545向着磁致伸缩致动器12径向向内，并且第二方向547背离磁致伸缩致动器12径向向外。
换能器组件514还包括磁场收集器552，该磁场收集器552基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并环绕第一线圈534、第二线圈550、第一径向永久磁铁544和第二径向永久磁铁546。
在图1中实施例的另一个可供选择的表现形式中，如图14所示，换能器组件614包括中心纵向轴线32，包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金16的细长的磁致伸缩致动器12，并且包括第一线圈634，该第一线圈基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕致动器12并能够将致动器12激发成大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅。致动器12具有第一端36和第二端38，其中换能器组件614包括附着于第一端36的端部操纵装置30和附着于第二端38的第二端块体42。磁致伸缩合金16选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。
换能器组件614包括第二线圈650，该第二线圈基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准，环绕第一线圈634并能够调节偏置磁场。换能器组件614包括第一磁场收集器652和第二磁场收集器654，第一磁场收集器652和第二磁场收集器654均基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并且一起纵向限制第一线圈634和第二线圈650。换能器组件614还包括永久磁铁644，该永久磁铁644基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并且环绕第一线圈634、第二线圈650、第一磁场收集器652和第二磁场收集器654。永久磁铁644可以层合到第二线圈650及第一磁场收集器652和第二磁场收集器654的外表面。
图15至图16是如图5一样的视图，但是其示出的是手持件和所附着的端部操纵装置的另外的实施例。图15是医疗超声手持件728的另外的实施例，其包括能够以附着方式接纳以超声方式驱动的医疗端部操纵装置730的医疗超声换能器组件714。换能器组件714包括中心纵向轴线32，包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金16的细长的磁致伸缩致动器12，包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准、环绕致动器12并能够将致动器12激发成大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅的第一线圈734，包括均基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并在一起纵向限制第一线圈734的第一磁场收集器752和第二磁场收集器754，并且包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准、环绕第一线圈734以及第一磁场收集器752和第二磁场收集器754的永久磁铁744。磁致伸缩合金16选自之前在本发明第一实施例的第一表现形式中描述的组。第一线圈734与致动器12横向间隔开。换能器组件714还可以包括谐振器端块体760和感测线圈762。
手持件728包括基本上与纵向轴线32同轴对准并环绕医疗超声换能器组件714的手持件壳体756，并且包括流体通路758，该流体通路758的一部分位于致动器12与第一线圈734之间并且当端部操纵装置以附着方式被换能器组件接纳时连接到端部操纵装置730中的流体通道780。
图16是图15的替代实施例，不同之处在于流体通路的位置并且其具有另外的O形环。图16中的流体通路758′位于手持件壳体内，其一部分位于手持件壳体的外表面与医疗超声换能器组件714之间。当端部操纵装置以附着方式被换能器组件接纳时，流体通路758′连接到端部操纵装置730中的流体通道780。
注意的是，图15和图16中的永久磁铁744还可以是铁氧体磁铁。永久磁铁744在图15中的完整环状的磁铁并且在图16中是周向间隔开的磁铁片断744′的阵列(如图17中的剖视图所示)。
注意的是，根据由于低涡电流损失造成磁偏置的图15-图16，对于任何之前描述和/或图示的实施例，可以设置铁氧体磁铁以及永久磁铁(注意图15至图16中标记为“铁氧体/永久磁铁”的组件)。在之前描述的和/或图示的实施例中的任一个或多个或全部的一个实例中，磁偏置电路是闭合的磁偏置电路，和/或端部操纵装置是一对剪切刀，这对剪切刀具有其以附着方式被医疗超声换能器组件接纳的超声刀片，和/或考虑刀片阻抗和必要的相位裕度来驱动端部操纵装置，和/或致动器和端部操纵装置的主激发模式是纵向的。
从本发明实施例的一个或多个表现形式中获得了若干有益效果和优点。在一个实例中，磁致伸缩致动器基本上由选自之前描述的组的磁致伸缩合金组成并且可选地包含掺杂物。在该实例中，磁致伸缩合金应该提供可延展的磁致伸缩致动器(不同于将需要被压实以具有耐久性的已知洁牙器的易碎Terfenol-D合金)。在该实例中，具有较高磁饱和限制的选定的磁致伸缩合金应该能够被容纳在直径小、符合人体工程学的手持件壳体中并且驱动较大直径的医疗端部操纵装置(与具有镍制动器的已知洁牙器的较小直径的端部操纵装置相比，这种较小的直径由于镍的较低磁饱和限制而提供了必定的声增益)。注意的是，洁牙器是用于从牙齿去除牙垢的低功率装置并且其强度不足以有效雕塑牙齿或去除骨头，然而本发明实施例的实例应该能够雕塑牙齿并切割骨头。
尽管已经通过对本发明的若干表现形式、实施例和实例等的说明示出了本发明，但申请人并非旨在将所附权利要求的精神和范围限定或限制到这些细节上。在不脱离本发明的范围的条件下，本领域的技术人员可以进行许多其它变型、变化和替换。应当理解，仅通过举例的方式提供以上描述，在不脱离权利要求的范围和精神的情况下，本领域技术人员可以进行其它修改。
Claims (22)
1.一种设备，包括：
医疗超声换能器组件的磁致伸缩致动器，其中所述医疗超声换能器组件具有端部操纵装置和穿过所述端部操纵装置的中心纵向轴线，所述磁致伸缩致动器具有第一端和第二端以及声学连接到磁致伸缩致动器的第一端和第二端中的至少一个的端块体，其中所述端块体具有磁致伸缩特性或者为软磁收集器，其中所述致动器包括：
基本上与所述医疗超声换能器组件的纵向轴线同轴对准的细长的磁致伸缩合金，
其中所述磁致伸缩合金能够联接到所述端部操纵装置，以为所述端部操纵装置提供在其远侧波腹尖处的基本上等于所述磁致伸缩致动器的振动幅值的纵向驻波振动幅值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述致动器包括多个层合层，每个层合层包含磁致伸缩合金。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其中各层合层的磁致伸缩合金与相邻的各层合层的磁致伸缩合金电绝缘。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述致动器包含复合材料，其中所述复合材料包括非磁致伸缩激活基质和所述磁致伸缩合金，并且其中所述磁致伸缩合金分布在所述基质中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备，其中所述磁致伸缩合金具有第一导电率，并且其中所述基质具有低于所述第一导电率的第二导电率。
6.一种医疗超声手持件，其包括能够以附着方式接纳以超声方式驱动的医疗端部操纵装置的医疗超声换能器组件，其中所述换能器组件包括：
中心纵向轴线，
基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准并包含磁致伸缩合金的细长的磁致伸缩致动器，
第一线圈，所述第一线圈基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准、环绕所述致动器并能够激发所述致动器以使其具有大致所需的医疗谐振频率和大致所需的医疗振幅，以及
其中所述换能器组件包括一个或多个永久磁铁，所述永久磁铁基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准、至少环绕所述致动器、并能够产生所述磁致伸缩合金的应变与磁场关系的曲线图上所需操作点的偏置磁场，
其中所述磁致伸缩合金选自如下合金组成的组：包括铁和镓的合金；包括铁和铝的合金；包括铁、镓和铝的合金；包括钴、锰和镓的合金；包括镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、锰和铝的合金；包括镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、锰、镓和铝的合金；包括镍、锰、镓和铝的合金以及包括钴、镍、锰、铝和镓的合金。
7.根据权利要求6所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述致动器具有第一端和第二端，其中所述换能器组件包括附着于所述致动器的所述第一端的第一端块体和附着于所述致动器的所述第二端的第二端块体，并且其中所述第一端块体能够以附着方式接纳所述端部操纵装置。
8.根据权利要求6所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述换能器组件包括第二线圈，所述第二线圈基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准、至少环绕所述第一线圈并能够调节所述偏置磁场。
9.根据权利要求8所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述换能器组件包括一起纵向限制所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈的第一永久磁铁和第二永久磁铁。
10.根据权利要求8所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述换能器组件包括一个或多个磁场收集器，每个磁场收集器基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准。
11.根据权利要求10所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述换能器组件包括第一磁场收集器和第二磁场收集器，其中所述第一磁场收集器和所述第二磁场收集器一起纵向限制至少所述第一线圈。
12.根据权利要求6所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述第一线圈与所述致动器横向间隔开，并且所述医疗超声手持件还包括手持件壳体和流体通路，其中所述手持件壳体基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准并且环绕所述第一线圈。
13.根据权利要求12所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述流体通路包括位于所述致动器与所述第一线圈之间的一部分。
14.根据权利要求12所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述流体通路位于所述手持件壳体内并且包括位于所述手持件壳体的外表面与所述换能器组件之间的一部分。
15.根据权利要求12所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述流体通路是冲洗通路和抽吸通路中的至少一者，并且当所述端部操纵装置以附着方式被所述换能器组件接纳时与所述端部操纵装置流体连通。
16.根据权利要求12所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述流体通路是再循环冷却剂通路，并且当所述端部操纵装置以附着方式被所述换能器组件接纳时与所述端部操纵装置流体连通。
17.根据权利要求6所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述换能器组件包括谐振器端块体和感测线圈，其中所述谐振器端块体基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准、声连接到所述磁致伸缩致动器的一端并且具有磁致伸缩特性，并且其中所述感测线圈基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准、环绕所述谐振器端块体并能够对致动器的振动频率和致动器的振动振幅提供反馈，以控制所述致动器，从而基本上保持所需的医疗谐振频率和所需的医疗振幅。
18.根据权利要求6所述的医疗超声手持件，其中所述致动器没有机械压实。
19.一种医疗超声系统，其包括：
手持件壳体，
第一医疗超声换能器组件，和
能够附着于所述第一医疗超声换能器组件的以超声方式驱动的第一医疗端部操纵装置，其中所述第一医疗超声换能器组件包括：
第一中心纵向轴线，和
细长的磁致伸缩的第一致动器，所述第一致动器基本上与所述纵向轴线同轴对准并且包含第一磁致伸缩合金，所述磁致伸缩的第一致动器具有第一端和第二端以及端块体，其中所述第一端能够联接到所述端部操纵装置，并且所述第二端声学连接到所述端块体，其中所述端块体具有磁致伸缩特性或者为软磁收集器，
其中所述第一医疗超声换能器组件的至少一部分能够以附着方式插入到所述手持件壳体中，而不用使用工具、不会对所述手持件壳体造成损坏并且不会对所述第一医疗超声换能器组件造成损坏，并且
其中所述第一磁致伸缩合金选自如下合金组成的组中：包括铁和镓的合金；包括铁和铝的合金；包括铁、镓和铝的合金；包括钴、锰和镓的合金；包括镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、锰和铝的合金；包括镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、锰、镓和铝的合金；包括镍、锰、镓和铝的合金以及包括钴、镍、锰、铝和镓的合金。
20.根据权利要求19所述的医疗超声系统，其中所述第一医疗超声换能器组件能够从所述手持件壳体中移除，而不用使用工具、不会对所述手持件壳体造成损坏、不会对所述第一医疗超声换能器组件造成损坏、并且不会对所述第一医疗端部操纵装置造成损坏。
21.根据权利要求20所述的医疗超声系统，还包括第二医疗超声换能器组件和能够附着于所述第二医疗超声换能器组件的以超声方式驱动的第二医疗端部操纵装置，其中所述第二医疗超声换能器组件包括第二中心纵向轴线并且包括细长的磁致伸缩第二致动器，所述第二致动器基本上与所述第二纵向轴线同轴对准并且包含第二磁致伸缩合金，其中所述第二医疗超声换能器组件的至少一部分能够以附着方式插入到所述手持件壳体中并且能够从所述手持件壳体中手动移除，而不用使用工具、不会对所述手持件壳体造成损坏、不会对所述第二医疗超声换能器组件造成损坏、并且不会对所述第二医疗端部操纵装置造成损坏，其中所述第二医疗端部操纵装置不同于所述第一医疗端部操纵装置，并且其中所述第二磁致伸缩合金选自如下合金组成的组：包括铁和镓的合金；包括铁和铝的合金；包括铁、镓和铝的合金；包括钴、锰和镓的合金；包括镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、锰和铝的合金；包括镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和镓的合金；包括钴、镍、锰和铝的合金；包括钴、锰、镓和铝的合金；包括镍、锰、镓和铝的合金以及包括钴、镍、锰、铝和镓的合金。
22.根据权利要求21所述的医疗超声系统，其中所述第二医疗端部操纵装置能够附着到所述第二医疗超声换能器组件并且能够从所述第二医疗超声换能器组件移除，不会对所述第二医疗端部操纵装置造成损坏并且不会对所述第二医疗超声换能器组件造成损坏，并且其中所述第一医疗端部操纵装置能够附着到所述第一医疗超声换能器组件并且能够从所述第一医疗超声换能器组件移除，不会对所述第一医疗端部操纵装置造成损坏并且不会对所述第一医疗超声换能器组件造成损坏。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2315634B8 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
| EP2315634A2 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
| CN102099127A (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
| CA2730919A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
| JP5738758B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
| CA2730919C (en) | 2017-05-02 |
| EP2315634B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
| AU2009271067B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
| US20100016728A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
| JP2011528269A (ja) | 2011-11-17 |
| WO2010009113A2 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
| AU2009271067A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
| US8487487B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
| WO2010009113A3 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
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