CN102080628B - Method and apparatus for controlling wind turbine - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for controlling wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102080628B CN102080628B CN201010576077.5A CN201010576077A CN102080628B CN 102080628 B CN102080628 B CN 102080628B CN 201010576077 A CN201010576077 A CN 201010576077A CN 102080628 B CN102080628 B CN 102080628B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/90—Braking
- F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling a wind turbine. A power system 300 for the wind turbine 100 having a measurement device 302 configured to detect an overfrequency condition within an electrical system 200 and a controller 202 communicatively coupled to the measurement device. The controller is configured to switch the wind turbine between a power generation mode and a power consumption mode based on an existence of a detected overfrequency condition.
Description
Technical field
The theme relate generally to wind turbine of openly describing herein, and more particularly, relate to for controlling the method and apparatus of wind turbine.
Background technique
Conventionally, wind turbine comprises rotor, and rotor comprises the rotatable hub unit with a plurality of blades.Blade converts wind energy to mechanical rotating torques, and mechanical rotating torques drives one or more generators by rotor.Generator sometimes (but not always) is connected on rotor rotatably by gear-box.Gear-box improves the original lower rotational speed of rotor, so that generator converts rotating mechanical energy to electric energy effectively, by least one electrical connection, will feed electric energy in utility network.Gearless wind turbine direct drive also exists.Rotor, generator, gear-box and other member are typically arranged in housing or cabin, and housing or cabin are arranged on the pedestal that comprises truss or tubulose pylon.
Some wind turbine structures comprise double fed induction generators (DFIG).This class formation also can comprise power inverter, and power inverter is used for the frequency conversion of the electric power of generation to become to be substantially similar to the frequency of utility network frequency.In addition, this quasi-converter is together with DFIG transmission electric power between utility network and generator also.The wound rotor of DFIG also receives from the exciting power of in the connection to utility network.
Electric utility electrical network is often designed to operate with characteristic frequency or in particular frequency range.Some event (for example power production is superfluous) can make utility network frequency increase to predetermined frequency limitation above (also referred to as overfrequency situation).If do not revised, this type of overfrequency situation can cause damage to utility network member and/or the load being connected on utility network.At least some known power generation systems reduce the power stage of one or more generators in response to overfrequency situation.But it may be slowly that this type of power reduces, and when generator reduces its power stage, existing power production surplus can continue.
Summary of the invention
In one embodiment, provide a kind of power system for wind turbine, it comprises the measuring device of the overfrequency situation that is configured to survey in electrical system and is connected to communicatedly the controller on measuring device.The existence that controller is configured to the overfrequency situation based on detecting is switched wind turbine between power emergence pattern and power dissipation modes.
In another embodiment, a kind of wind turbine being functionally connected in electrical system is provided, it comprises the generator that is configured to be connected in electrical system, be functionally connected in electrical system and be configured to survey the measuring device of the overfrequency situation in electrical system, and is connected to communicatedly the controller on measuring device.The existence that controller is configured to the overfrequency situation based on detecting is switched wind turbine between power emergence pattern and power dissipation modes.
In another embodiment again, provide a kind of for controlling the method for wind turbine, it comprises generator is connected in wind turbine and electrical system.Survey the overfrequency situation in electrical system, and the existence of the overfrequency situation based on detecting is switched generator between power emergence pattern and power dissipation modes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of a part for exemplary wind turbine.
Fig. 2 is suitable for the exemplary electrical used together with the wind turbine shown in Fig. 1 and the schematic diagram of control system.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing being suitable for the electric exemplary power system of using together with control system shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is for controlling the flow chart of the illustrative methods that is suitable for the wind turbine that uses together with the power system shown in Fig. 3.
List of parts
100 wind turbine 225 bus wire
102 cabin 226 line contactors
104 pylon 228 unsteady flow circuit breakers
106 rotor 230 unsteady flow breaker bus
108 blades 232 connect bus
110 wheel hub 234 main transformers
111 wind 236 generating pusher side buses
112 lower velocity shaft 238 electrical network circuit breakers
114 gear-box 240 circuit breaker side buses
116 high speed shaft 242 grid bus
118 generator 244 (DC) links
120 generator unit stator 246 positive supply rails
122 generator amature 248 negative supply rails
200 electric and control system 250 capacitors
202 turbo machine controller 252 current sensors
206 stator synchronous switch 254 current sensors
208 stator bus 256 current sensors
210 power variable flow assembly 262 converter controllers
212 rotor bus 264 current sensors
213 transmission and distribution network 270 transmission lines
214 main transformer circuit breaker 272 electrical network couplings
216 system bus 274 loads
218 rotor wave filter 300 power systems
219 rotor filter bus 302 measuring devices
220 rotor-side power inverter 304 pitch-controlled systems
222 line-side power transducers 306 are measured bus
223 sidepiece power inverter buses 308 become oar control bus
224 line filter 310 transducer buses
312 flux gaps
314 live axles
400 illustrative methods
402 survey overfrequency situation
404 make vane propeller-changing arrive in check position
406 make generator be switched to power dissipation modes
408 use drive rotor from the power of electrical system
Embodiment
Embodiment described herein surveys for example, overfrequency situation in electrical system (electric utility electrical network) with measuring device.If detect overfrequency situation, controller just arrives pitch-controlled system by one or more change oar command transfer, and pitch-controlled system makes one or more blade rotaries of wind turbine to predetermined in check position.Controller makes generator be switched to power dissipation modes from power emergence pattern.Controller arrives power inverter by one or more negative torque commands and/or one or more negative power command transfer.Power inverter produces rotor current based on torque command and/or power command.Power inverter is transferred to generator amature by rotor current.Power from electric utility electrical network is also transferred to generator, and by generator consumes.Rotor current causes torque to the rotor shaft being connected on wind turbine blade, and rotor shaft makes wind turbine blade rotation.Power from electric utility electrical network is consumed, to reduce or minimize overfrequency situation.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of a part for exemplary wind turbine 100.Wind turbine 100 comprises the cabin 102 that holds generator (demonstration in Fig. 1).Cabin 102 is arranged on pylon 104 (part that has shown pylon 104 in Fig. 1).Pylon 104 can have and is conducive to any suitable height of the operation of wind turbine 100 as described herein.Wind turbine 100 also comprises rotor 106, and rotor 106 comprises three blades 108 that are attached on rotary hub 110.Alternatively, wind turbine 100 includes any amount of blade 108 of the operation that is beneficial to wind turbine 100 as herein described.Blade 108 separates in the surrounding of wheel hub 110, to be conducive to making rotor 106 rotations, thereby converts kinetic energy to available mechanical energy from wind 111, and converts subsequently electric energy to.In the exemplary embodiment, wind turbine 100 comprises the gear-box (not showing in Fig. 1) being functionally connected on rotor 106 and generator (not showing in Fig. 1).
Fig. 2 is the exemplary electrical that can use together with wind turbine 100 and the schematic diagram of control system 200.Rotor 106 comprises the blade 108 being connected on wheel hub 110.Rotor 106 also comprises the lower velocity shaft 112 being rotatably connected on wheel hub 110.Lower velocity shaft 112 is connected on speed-raising gear-box 114, and speed-raising gear-box 114 is configured to improve the rotational speed of lower velocity shaft 112, and this speed is passed to high speed shaft 116.In the exemplary embodiment, gear-box 114 has the approximately speed-raising ratio of 70: 1.For example, be connected to speed on the gear-box 114 of the speed-raising ratio with approximately 70: 1, produce about 1400rpm with 112 pairs of high speed shafts of lower velocity shaft 116 of approximately 20 revs/min (rpm) rotation.Alternatively, gear-box 114 has and is conducive to any suitable speed-raising ratio of the operation of wind turbine 100 as described herein.As other alternative, wind turbine 100 is included in the situation without any gear-box between two parties and is rotatably connected to the direct drive generator on rotor 106.
Electric and control system 200 comprises turbo machine controller 202.Turbo machine controller 202 comprises at least one processor and storage, at least one processor input channel, at least one processor output channel, and turbo machine controller 202 can comprise at least one computer (not showing in Fig. 2).As used herein, term " computer " is not limited to be called in the art the intergrated circuit of computer, but broadly finger processor, microcontroller, microcomputer, programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC), specific integrated circuit and other programmable circuit (in Fig. 2 all less than show), and these terms are used interchangeably in this article.In the exemplary embodiment, storage can include but not limited to computer-readable medium, for example random access memory (RAM) (in Fig. 2 all less than show).Alternatively, also can use one or more storage devices, for example floppy disk, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), magnetooptic disc (MOD) and/or digital versatile disc (DVD) (in Fig. 2 all less than show).For example, and in the exemplary embodiment, other input channel (not having to show in Fig. 2) includes but not limited to the computer peripheral equipment being associated with operator interface, mouse and keyboard (not showing in Fig. 2).In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, other output channel can include but not limited to operator interface monitor unit (not showing in Fig. 2).
For the processor of turbo machine controller 202, process from the information of a plurality of Electrical and Electronic device transmission, Electrical and Electronic device can include but not limited to voltage and current transducer.Information and the instruction by processor, carried out are treated in RAM and/or memory device stores and transmission.RAM and/or storage device also can be used to storage and temporary variable, static state (being constant) information and instruction are provided, or carry out at processor other average information that is transferred to processor between order period.The instruction of carrying out includes but not limited to conversion and/or the comparator algorithm resided.The execution sequence of instruction is not limited to any concrete combination of the instruction of hardware circuit and software.
Power variable flow assembly 120 comprises by rotor bus 212 and is electrically coupled to the rotor wave filter 218 on generator amature 122.Rotor filter bus 219 is electrically coupled to rotor wave filter 218 on rotor-side power inverter 220, and rotor-side power inverter 220 is electrically coupled on line-side power transducer 222.Rotor-side power inverter 220 and line-side power transducer 222 are the power inverter bridges that comprise power semiconductor (not shown).In the exemplary embodiment, rotor-side power inverter 220 and line-side power transducer 222 are configured to pulsewidth modulation (PWM) structure of three-phase, and this structure comprises gate-type bipolar transistor (IGBT) switch gear (not showing in Fig. 2) of operation as known in the art.Alternatively, rotor-side power inverter 220 and line-side power transducer 222 have to use and are conducive to any structure of any switch gear of the operation of electric and control system 200 as described herein.Power converter assembly 210 connects with turbo machine controller 202 in the mode of Electronic data communication, to control the operation of rotor-side power inverter 220 and line-side power transducer 222.
In the exemplary embodiment, line-side power transducer bus 223 is electrically coupled to line-side power transducer 222 on line filter 224.And bus wire 225 is electrically coupled to line filter 224 on line contactor 226.In addition, line contactor 226 is connected on unsteady flow circuit breaker 228 by unsteady flow breaker bus 230.In addition, unsteady flow circuit breaker 228 by system bus 216 be connected bus 232 and be connected on main transformer circuit breaker 214.Alternatively; line filter 224 is directly electrically coupled on system bus 216 by connecting bus 232, and comprises that be configured to solution removes any suitable protection scheme (not shown) of line contactor 226 and unsteady flow circuit breaker 228 from electric and control system 200.Main transformer circuit breaker 214 is electrically coupled on electric power main transformer 234 by generating pusher side bus 236.Main transformer 234 is electrically coupled on electrical network circuit breaker 238 by circuit breaker side bus 240.Electrical network circuit breaker 238 is connected on electric power transmission and distribution network 213 by grid bus 242.In alternative, main transformer 234 is electrically coupled in one or more fus (not shown)s by circuit breaker side bus 240, but not is electrically coupled on electrical network circuit breaker 238.In another embodiment, do not use fus or electrical network circuit breaker 238, but contrary, main transformer 234 is connected on electric power transmission and distribution network 213 by circuit breaker side bus 240 and grid bus 242.
In the exemplary embodiment, by single direct current (DC) link 244, the mode with electric connection connects with line-side power transducer 222 rotor-side power inverter 220.Alternatively, rotor-side power inverter 220 and line-side power transducer 222 electrically connect with independent DC link (not showing in Fig. 2) by individual other.DC link 244 comprises positive supply rail 246, negative supply rail 248, and is connected at least one capacitor 250 between positive supply rail 246 and negative supply rail 248.Alternatively, capacitor 250 is included in the one or more capacitors that are configured to serial or parallel connection between positive supply rail 246 and negative supply rail 248.
As shown in Figure 2, electric and control system 200 also comprises the converter controller 262 that is configured to receive one or more voltage and current measurement signals.For example, in one embodiment, converter controller 262 receives the voltage and current measurement signal of the second group of voltage and current sensor 254 connecting with stator bus 208 from the mode with Electronic data communication.Converter controller 262 receives the 3rd group of voltage and current measurement signal of the 3rd group of voltage and current sensor 256 connecting with rotor bus 212 from the mode with Electronic data communication.Converter controller 262 also receives the 4th group of voltage and current measurement signal of the 4th group of voltage and current sensor 264 connecting with unsteady flow breaker bus 230 from the mode with Electronic data communication.Second group of voltage and current sensor 254 is similar to first group of voltage and current sensor 252 substantially, and the 4th group of voltage and current sensor 264 is similar to the 3rd group of voltage and current sensor 256 substantially.Converter controller 262 is similar to turbo machine controller 202 substantially, and connects with turbo machine controller 202 in the mode of Electronic data communication.In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, converter controller 262 is combined in power variable flow assembly 210 in the mode of physics.Alternatively, converter controller 262 has and is conducive to any structure of the operation of electric and control system 200 as described herein.
In the exemplary embodiment, electric power transmission and distribution network 213 comprises by electrical network coupling 272 and is connected to one or more transmission lines 270 in grid bus 242 (only having shown for clear).Electric power transmission and distribution network 213 is functionally connected in one or more loads 274, power is provided to load 274.
During operation, wind 111 (showing in Fig. 1) impact blades 108, and blade 108 converts wind energy to mechanical rotating torques, and mechanical rotating torques rotatably drives lower velocity shaft 112 by wheel hub 110.Lower velocity shaft 112 driving gearboxs 114, gear-box 114 improves the low rotational speed of lower velocity shaft 112 subsequently, thereby drives high speed shaft 116 with the rotational speed increasing.High speed shaft 116 rotatably drives generator amature 122.Generator amature 122 causes rotating magnetic field, and causes voltage in magnetic is connected to the generator unit stator 120 on generator amature 122.Generator 118 converts rotating mechanical energy to sinusoidal threephase AC (AC) electric power signal in generator unit stator 120.By stator bus 208, stator synchronous switch 206, system bus 216, main transformer circuit breaker 214 and generating pusher side bus 236, the electric power transmission being associated is arrived to main transformer 234.Main transformer 234 improves the voltage amplitude of electric power, and by circuit breaker side bus 240, electrical network circuit breaker 238 and grid bus 242, the electric power of transmission is further transferred to electric power transmission and distribution network 213.
In the exemplary embodiment, provide the second electric power transmission path.At the interior generation three phase sine of generator amature 122 AC power, and AC electric power is transferred to power variable flow assembly 210 by rotor bus 212.In power variable flow assembly 210, electric power transmission arrives rotor wave filter 218, and revises electric power for the variance ratio of the output voltage being associated with rotor-side power inverter 220.Rotor-side power inverter 220 is used as rectifier, and sinusoidal three-phase AC power rectification is become to DC power.DC power delivery is in DC link 244.Capacitor 250 alleviates by promotion the DC being associated with AC correction and fluctuates to promote to alleviate DC link 244 voltage amplitude variation.
DC power is transferred to line-side power transducer 222 from DC link 244 subsequently, and line-side power transducer 222 is as being configured to DC electric power to convert to from DC link 244 changer of the three phase sine AC electric power with predetermined voltage, electric current and frequency.By converter controller 262, carry out this conversion of monitoring and controlling.The AC power of conversion by line-side power transducer bus 223 with bus wire 225, line contactor 226, unsteady flow breaker bus 230, unsteady flow circuit breaker 228 be connected bus 232 and be transferred to system bus 216 from line-side power transducer 222.Line filter 224 compensation or the harmonic current of adjusting from the electric power of line-side power transducer 222 transmission.Stator synchronous switch 206 is configured to closure, to be conducive to that the three phase power from generator unit stator 120 is connected with the three phase power from power variable flow assembly 210.
Unsteady flow circuit breaker 228, main transformer circuit breaker 214 and electrical network circuit breaker 238 are configured to disconnect corresponding bus, for example, and when overcurrent may damage the member of electric and control system 200.The other protection member that comprises line contactor 226 is also provided, and line contactor 226 can be controlled, and with the switch (not showing in Fig. 2) by opening corresponding to each circuit in bus wire 225, forms disconnection.
Power variable flow assembly 210 compensates or regulates the frequency from the three phase power of generator amature 122 for the variation of the wind speed at for example wheel hub 110 and blade 108 places.Therefore, in this way, machinery is separated with stator frequency with electric rotor frequency.
In some cases, the bidirectional characteristic of the bidirectional characteristic of power variable flow assembly 210, particularly rotor-side power inverter 220 and line-side power transducer 222, at least some that are conducive to the electric power of generation feed back in generator amature 122.More specifically, electric power is transferred to and connects bus 232 from system bus 216, and by unsteady flow circuit breaker 228 and unsteady flow breaker bus 230, is transferred in power variable flow assembly 210 subsequently.In power variable flow assembly 210, electric power transmission is by line contactor 226, bus wire 225 and line-side power transducer bus 223 entry-line side power inverters 222.Line-side power transducer 222 is used as rectifier, and sinusoidal three-phase AC power rectification is become to DC power.DC power delivery is in DC link 244.Capacitor 250 alleviates by promotion the DC being sometimes associated with three-phase AC correction and fluctuates to promote to alleviate DC link 244 voltage amplitude variation.
DC power is transferred to rotor-side power inverter 220 from DC link 244 subsequently, and rotor-side power inverter 220 is as the changer that is configured to the DC electric power from 244 transmission of DC link to convert to the three phase sine AC electric power with predetermined voltage, electric current and frequency.By converter controller 262, carry out this conversion of monitoring and controlling.The AC power of conversion is transferred to rotor wave filter by rotor filter bus 219 from rotor-side power inverter 220, and the AC power of conversion is transferred to generator amature 122 by rotor bus 212 subsequently, thereby is conducive to metasynchronism operation.
Power variable flow assembly 210 is configured to receive the control signal from turbo machine controller 202.Control signal is based on wind turbine 100 and electric and the situation detecting and/or operating characteristics control system 200.Control signal is received by turbo machine controller 202, and is used for the operation of power ratio control variable flow assembly 210.Feedback from one or more sensors can be used for carrying out power ratio control variable flow assembly 210 by converter controller 262 by electric and control system 200, comprises for example by unsteady flow breaker bus 230, stator bus and rotor bus voltage or the currrent feedback of second group of voltage and current sensor 254, the 3rd group of voltage and current sensor 256 and the 4th group of voltage and current sensor 264.Use this feedback information, and switch controlling signal for example, can produce stator synchronous switch control signal and system breaker control (tripping operation (trip)) signal in any known mode.For example, for the line voltage transient state with predetermined properties, converter controller 262 will at least temporary transient basic IGBT conduction of ending in line side power inverter 222.This type of hang up of line-side power transducer 222 is approximately zero by the electric power by 210 guiding of power variable flow assembly is reduced to substantially.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing being suitable for the electric exemplary power system 300 of using together with control system 200 (showing in Fig. 2) and wind turbine 100 (showing in Fig. 1).Power system 300 is similar to electric and control system 200 substantially, and similarly member marks with similar reference number.In the exemplary embodiment, power system 300 comprises the turbo machine controller 202 being connected to communicatedly on measuring device 302, power variable flow assembly 210 and pitch-controlled system 304.Alternatively, any suitable controller or control system all can be used to replace turbo machine controller 202.In the exemplary embodiment, power variable flow assembly 210 is also functionally connected on generator 118, and generator 118 comprises generator amature 122 and generator unit stator 120.
In the exemplary embodiment, the operation of turbo machine controller 202 power ratio control systems 300.Turbo machine controller 202 is connected on measuring device 302 communicatedly by measuring bus 306.As used herein, term " bus " comprises a plurality of conductors, but also can comprise single conductor or interface, and two or more members can be communicated by letter wirelessly by this interface.One or more measured values that turbo machine controller 202 receives from measuring device 302 by measuring bus 306.Turbo machine controller 202 is by becoming oar control bus 308 and/or being connected to communicatedly on pitch-controlled system 304 by one or more slip ring (not shown)s.Turbo machine controller 202 by become oar control bus 308 by one or more change oar command transfer to pitch-controlled system 304, to regulate the change oar position of one or more blades of rotor 106.In addition, turbo machine controller 202 is connected on power variable flow assembly 210 communicatedly by transducer bus 310.In the exemplary embodiment, transducer bus 310 is controller area net (CAN) buses.Alternatively, transducer bus 310 is to use Local Area Network (LAN) bus or any suitable bus of industry ethernet agreement.Turbo machine controller 202 transfers to power variable flow assembly 210 by transducer bus 310 by one or more torque commands and/or one or more power command.
Measuring device 302 is measured one or more characteristics of electric power transmission and distribution network 213.In the exemplary embodiment, measuring device 302 comprises the one or more current transformers that are electrically coupled in one or more transmission lines 270 and/or grid bus 242.Measuring device 302 is measured transmission line 270 and/or the voltage of grid bus 242 and/or the amplitude of electric current, frequency and/or phase angle.In one embodiment, measuring device 302 comprises first group of voltage and current sensor 252 (showing in Fig. 2).In the exemplary embodiment, measuring device 302 monitors the frequency (hereinafter referred to as " mains frequency ") of each phase of the electric current of transmission lines 270 and/or grid bus 242, and whether one or more phases of surveying mains frequency are on preestablished limit (hereinafter referred to as " overfrequency situation ").During operation, mains frequency has the baseline of approximately 50 hertz (Hz), about 60Hz or any appropriate frequency.In one embodiment, preestablished limit is more than baseline mains frequency approximately 0% and approximately between 10%.In another embodiment, preestablished limit is more than baseline mains frequency approximately 1% and approximately between 5%.In yet another embodiment, preestablished limit is baseline mains frequency above approximately 3%.In the exemplary embodiment, preestablished limit is by turbo machine controller 202 or any suitable limit that arranged by any suitable controller.Measuring device 302 arrives turbo machine controller 202 by the transmitting measured values that comprises the indication of the overfrequency situation detecting.Alternatively, measuring device 302 is by transmitting measured values to turbo machine controller 202, and turbo machine controller 202 is surveyed the overfrequency situation that whether occurred.
In this exemplary embodiment, power variable flow assembly 210 comprises rotor-side power inverter 220, line-side power transducer 222 and converter controller 262 (all showing in Fig. 2).Power variable flow assembly 210 is four-quadrant power inverters, and this four-quadrant power inverter provides driving current and stalling current can to generator 118, so that generator amature 122 rotates and braking with counter clockwise direction along clockwise direction.Alternatively, power variable flow assembly 210 comprises any suitable structure.In the exemplary embodiment, power variable flow assembly 210 transfers to generator amature 122 by rotor bus 212 by rotor current.Rotor current is included in the rotor flux component of the interior generation magnetic flux of generator 118 and at the rotor torque component of the interior generation torque of generator 118.In the exemplary embodiment, power variable flow assembly 210 is controlled the generation of rotor flux components and rotor torque component, makes the phase angle of rotor flux component be basically perpendicular to the phase angle of rotor torque component.Stator bus 208 is connected between power variable flow assembly 210 and generator unit stator 120, and stator bus 208 is also connected in grid bus 242, as shown in further detail in Fig. 2.Stator bus 208 is transmitted stator current, and stator current is included in the stator flux component of the interior generation magnetic flux of generator unit stator 120 and electric power transmission and distribution network 213 is produced to the stator power component of power.In one embodiment, power variable flow assembly 210 reduces or minimizes the generation of stator flux component, and making stator flux component is zero substantially, and the power factor of generator unit stator 120 equals one substantially.Alternatively, power variable flow assembly 210 produces suitable stator flux component, with the magnetic flux in the interior generation expectation of generator 118.
In the exemplary embodiment, pitch-controlled system 304 is contained in rotor 106 at least in part, and is functionally connected at least one blade 108.Pitch-controlled system 304 makes blade 108 rotations or becomes oar to desired locations in response to the one or more change oar order by 202 transmission of turbo machine controller.Pitch-controlled system 304 is by regulating the amount of torque being produced by 111 pairs of blades of wind 108 to be conducive to control the rotational speed of rotor 106.If there is overfrequency situation, turbo machine controller 202 just sends and guides pitch-controlled system 304 so that blade 108 for example becomes oar, to one or more change oar order of in check position (feather position or any suitable position), in case spline 106 surpasses rated velocity (hereinafter referred to as " overspeed condition ").
In the exemplary embodiment, flux gap 312 is limited between generator amature 122 and generator unit stator 120.Rotor flux component stream is crossed one or more winding (not shown)s of generator amature 122, and produces the magnetic field through the rotation in flux gap 312.The torque being produced by rotor torque electric current and the magnetic field interaction of rotation, and when when the rotation of live axle 314 is combined, at the interior generation power of generator unit stator 120.In the exemplary embodiment, live axle 314 comprises lower velocity shaft 112 and/or high speed shaft 116 (both all show in Fig. 2).The power producing is the form of the stator power component of the stator current in the winding of generator unit stator 120, and stator current is transferred to electric power transmission and distribution network 213.In a similar fashion, stator flux component also can flow through one or more winding (not shown)s of generator unit stator 120, to produce the magnetic field of the rotation of crossing flux gap 312.The magnetic field interaction of stator power component and rotation, and when when the rotation of live axle 314 is combined, at the interior generation power of generator amature 122.Power in generator amature 122 interior generations is transferred to electric power transmission and distribution network 213 by power variable flow assembly 210, stator bus 208, grid bus 242 and electrical network coupling 272.
During operation, in the exemplary embodiment, when not detecting overfrequency situation, from the power of electric power transmission and distribution network 213, make the winding of generator unit stator 120 and/or the energising of the winding of generator amature 122.Wind 111 impact blades 108, and cause and the rotation of blade 108 and rotor 106 cause the rotation of live axle 314.The expectation power stage of turbo machine controller 202 calculating generators 118, and by transducer bus 310, one or more positive torque commands and/or one or more positive command transfer are arrived to power variable flow assembly 210, to produce expectation power.As described herein, positive torque command has positive torque amplitude, and positive torque magnitudes table is shown the torque in generator amature 122 interior generations.As described herein, positive order has positive amplitude, and positive amplitude represents the power in generator 118 interior generations.Power variable flow assembly 210 produces suitable rotor current based on torque command and/or power command, comprises rotor torque current component and rotor flux current component, and rotor current is transferred to generator amature 122.The rotational speed of live axle 314 is multiplied by the torque that rotor torque current component produces, to produce the power in generator 118.Power is transferred to electric power transmission and distribution network as mentioned above.
During operation, if detect overfrequency situation by measuring device 302 and/or turbo machine controller 202, turbo machine controller 202 is prepared to make wind turbine 100 (more specifically by generator 118) be switched to power dissipation modes from power emergence pattern.As used herein, term " power emergence pattern " refers to generator wherein 118 and produces the operator scheme for the treatment of the power that uses in electrical system.Operator scheme as used herein, term " power dissipation modes " refers to wherein generator 118 consumption from the power of electrical system but not to electrical system generation power.Turbo machine controller 202 to pitch-controlled system 304, arrives in check position so that blade 108 becomes oar by one or more change oar command transfer.Pitch-controlled system 304 makes blade 108 rotate in check position, with the amount of torque reducing or 111 pairs of blades of minimum wind transmission 108 produce.Thereby, reduced the rotational speed of blade 108.In one embodiment, blade 108 becomes oar to feather position, it is zero torque substantially that 111 pairs of blades of wind 108 are produced, and due to the frictional force in rotor 106 and/or due to the braking action of generator 118, it is zero rev/min (rpm) substantially that the rotational speed of blade 108 is reduced to gradually.Alternatively, the rotation of blade 108 is not reduced to basic 0rpm, and blade 108 continuation rotations, and generator 118 is switched to power dissipation modes simultaneously.
Once blade 108 becomes oar in check position, turbo machine controller 202 just makes generator 118 be switched to power dissipation modes from power emergence pattern.In alternative, any suitable controller or control system (for example wind field controller or wind field control system (all not showing)) make generator 118 be switched to power dissipation modes from power emergence pattern.In the exemplary embodiment, turbo machine controller 202 makes generator 118 be switched to power dissipation modes by producing one or more negative torque commands and/or negative power order.As described herein, negative torque command has negative torque amplitude, and negative torque amplitude represents the torque in generator amature 122 interior generations.As described herein, negative power order has negative power amplitude, and negative power amplitude represents the power in generator 118 interior generations.Power variable flow assembly 210 receives negative torque command and/or negative power order, and the rotor current of generation is exported to generator amature 122.The phase angle of the rotor current producing during the phase angle of rotor current and power emergence pattern at generator 118 in the exemplary embodiment, is substantially contrary.More specifically, power variable flow assembly 210 produces the rotor current with respect to the rotor current that is transferred to generator amature 122 during power emergence pattern with the rotor flux component at contrary phase angle and the rotor torque component at contrary phase angle.
Due to blade 108 reduce or minimized rotational speed and anti-phase rotor current, generator 118 stops producing power substantially.On the contrary, generator 118 use produce the torque through flux gap 312 from the power of electric power transmission and distribution network 213.More specifically, the direction of the current flowing in generator 118 has been reversed at the phase angle of the reversion of rotor current.Thereby, during power dissipation modes, from electric power transmission and distribution network 213, extract electric current out, but not electric current is fed to electric power transmission and distribution network 213 during power emergence pattern.The interaction in flux gap 312 due to rotor torque electric current and magnetic flux, to produce torque with above-mentioned basic similarly mode in generator 118.But during power dissipation modes, torque causes the rotation of live axle 314, but not cause the generation of power, as above as described in the power emergence pattern.The rotation of live axle 314 makes rotor 106 and blade 108 rotations.It should be noted that, when generator 118 operates with power emergence pattern, blade 108 can be along identical direction rotation during power dissipation modes.Thereby, from the power of electric power transmission and distribution network 213, by generator 118 and/or power variable flow assembly 210, consumed, and this power is used for driving the rotation of live axle 314.
If measuring device 302 and/or turbo machine controller 202 detect mains frequency and be less than preestablished limit (overfrequency situation does not occur), but turbo machine controller 202 use make generator 118 and/or wind turbine 100 be switched to power emergence pattern from power dissipation modes with above-mentioned substantially similar contrary process.Thereby the existence of wind turbine 100 and/or the turbo machine controller 202 overfrequency situation based on detecting is switched generator 118 between power emergence pattern and power dissipation modes.
Fig. 4 shows for controlling the flow chart of the illustrative methods 400 of wind turbine 100 (showing at Fig. 1).In the exemplary embodiment, at step 402 measuring device 302 (showing), in electric power transmission and distribution network 213, electric and control system 200 (both all show in Fig. 2) and/or power system 300 (showing), detect overfrequency situation in Fig. 3 in Fig. 3.At step 404 turbo machine controller 202, make one or more blades 108 (both all show in Fig. 3) become oar in check position, in case the overspeed condition of spline 106 (showing in Fig. 3) and/or blade 108, as described above in reference to Figure 3.At blade 108, become oar to after in check position in step 404, in step 406, turbo machine controller 202 makes generator 118 (showing in Fig. 3) be switched to power dissipation modes.In the exemplary embodiment, turbo machine controller 202 produces one or more negative torque commands and/or one or more negative power order, so that generator 118 is switched to power dissipation modes in step 406.Once generator 118 is with power dissipation modes operation, generator 118 for example just uses, from the power of electrical system (electric power transmission and distribution network 213 and/or any suitable electrical system) supply and drives 408 rotors 106.More specifically, generator 118 use make live axle 314 rotations from the power of electric power transmission and distribution network 213, and live axle 314 makes rotor 106 and blade 108 rotations.Thereby in power dissipation modes, by using the power from electric power transmission and distribution network 213 to make live axle 314, rotor 106 and blade 108 rotations, generator 118 is substantially as motor operated.
The technique effect of system and method described herein comprises following at least one: (a) generator is connected on wind turbine, and generator is connected in electrical system; (b) survey the overfrequency situation in electrical system; And (c) make generator be switched to from electrical system being produced to power the power consuming from electrical system.
Above-described embodiment is conducive to provide efficient and the effective power system of cost for wind turbine.This power system is surveyed the overfrequency situation in electric utility electrical network.If detect overfrequency situation, power system just makes the generator in wind turbine or wind turbine be switched to power dissipation modes from power emergence pattern.Wind turbine is consumed power during overfrequency situation, and is conducive to reduce or farthest reduces the overfrequency of electric utility electrical network.In addition, power system described herein and wind turbine can be conducive to more efficiently and more promptly reduce overfrequency situation than other known method and system.Thereby wind turbine described herein can be connected on electric utility electrical network, farthest reduce simultaneously can by otherwise the infringement that cause, to wind turbine and/or one or more electric utility electrical network members of not calibrated overfrequency situation.
More than describe wind turbine, power system in detail and for controlling the exemplary embodiment of the method for wind turbine.Method, wind turbine and power system are not limited to specific embodiment described herein, but contrary, the step of the member of wind turbine, the member of power system and/or method can separate use independently and with other member described herein and/or step.For example, power system and method also can combine use with other wind turbine power system and method, and are only not limited to put into practice with power system as described herein.On the contrary, can should be used for realizing and usage example embodiment in conjunction with many other wind turbines or power system.
Although in some figure and do not show the specific features of various embodiments of the present invention in other figure, this is only for convenient.According to principle of the present invention, can in conjunction with any feature in any other figure quote and/or claimed figure in any feature.
This written description use-case discloses the present invention, comprises optimal mode, and makes those skilled in the art can put into practice the present invention, and comprise and realize and use any device or system, and the method for carrying out any combination.Scope that can granted patent of the present invention is defined by the claims, and can comprise other example that those skilled in the art expect.If this type of other example has the structure important document of the literal language that is tantamount to claims, or if this type of other example comprises and the literal language of claims equivalent structure important document without substantial differences, within the scope of this other example intention in claims.
Claims (17)
1. for a power system for wind turbine, described power system comprises:
Be configured to survey the measuring device of the overfrequency situation in electrical system; And
Be connected to communicatedly the controller on described measuring device, described controller be configured to overfrequency situation based on surveying whether existence is switched described wind turbine between power emergence pattern and power dissipation modes, wherein, described controller is also configured to:
When detecting described overfrequency situation, produce at least one in negative torque command and negative power order; And
When not detecting described overfrequency situation, produce at least one in positive torque command and positive order.
2. power system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described controller is also configured to make described wind turbine to be switched to described power dissipation modes from described power emergence pattern when detecting described overfrequency situation.
3. power system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described power system also comprises at least one blade, and described controller is also configured to make described vane propeller-changing to preposition when detecting described overfrequency situation.
4. power system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described power system also comprises the generator being connected to communicatedly on described controller, and described generator configuration becomes when detecting described overfrequency situation, to use the power from described electrical system to make described blade rotary.
5. power system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described power system also comprises the four-quadrant power inverter being connected on described generator, and described four-quadrant power inverter is configured to make respectively described generator rotation and brake described generator with counter clockwise direction along clockwise direction.
6. power system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described measuring device comprises the current transformer being connected in described electrical system.
7. be functionally connected to the wind turbine in electrical system, described wind turbine comprises:
At least one blade;
Be configured to be connected to the generator in described electrical system;
Functionally be connected in described electrical system and be configured to survey the measuring device of the overfrequency situation in described electrical system; And be connected to communicatedly the controller on described measuring device, described controller be configured to overfrequency situation based on surveying whether existence is switched described wind turbine between power emergence pattern and power dissipation modes, wherein, described generator configuration becomes the power consuming from described electrical system when detecting described overfrequency situation to make described blade rotary.
8. wind turbine according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described controller is also configured to make described wind turbine to be switched to described power dissipation modes from described power emergence pattern when detecting described overfrequency situation.
9. wind turbine according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described controller is also configured to:
When detecting described overfrequency situation, produce at least one in negative torque command and negative power order; And
When not detecting described overfrequency situation, produce at least one in positive torque command and positive order.
10. wind turbine according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described controller is also configured to make described vane propeller-changing to preposition when detecting described overfrequency situation.
11. wind turbines according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described wind turbine also comprises the four-quadrant power inverter being connected on described generator, and described four-quadrant power inverter is configured to make respectively described generator rotation and brake described generator with counter clockwise direction along clockwise direction.
12. wind turbines according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described measuring device comprises the current transformer being connected in described electrical system.
13. 1 kinds for controlling the method for wind turbine, and described method comprises:
Generator is connected in electrical system;
Survey the overfrequency situation in described electrical system;
Overfrequency situation based on surveying whether existence is switched described generator between power emergence pattern and power dissipation modes, wherein, described generator configuration becomes the power consuming from described electrical system when detecting described overfrequency situation to make at least one blade rotary.
14. methods according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: be configured to make described wind turbine to be switched to described power dissipation modes from described power emergence pattern when detecting described overfrequency situation controller.
15. methods according to claim 14, is characterized in that, described method also comprises described controller is configured to:
When detecting described overfrequency situation, produce at least one in negative torque command and negative power order; And
When not detecting described overfrequency situation, produce at least one in positive torque command and positive order.
16. methods according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: when detecting described overfrequency situation, make described vane propeller-changing to preposition.
17. methods according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Four-quadrant power inverter is connected on described generator; And
Described four-quadrant power inverter is configured to make respectively described generator rotation and brake described generator with counter clockwise direction along clockwise direction.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| US12/625,853 | 2009-11-25 | ||
| US12/625,853 US8018082B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | Method and apparatus for controlling a wind turbine |
| US12/625853 | 2009-11-25 |
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| CN102080628A CN102080628A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
| CN102080628B true CN102080628B (en) | 2014-03-05 |
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| US (1) | US8018082B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2333320B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102080628B (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102080628A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
| EP2333320A2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
| EP2333320B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
| EP2333320A3 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| US20100140939A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| US8018082B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
| DK2333320T3 (en) | 2017-11-20 |
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