CN102074369A - Water-based electrolyte of electric double layer capacitor and electric double layer capacitor using water-based electrolyte - Google Patents
Water-based electrolyte of electric double layer capacitor and electric double layer capacitor using water-based electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN102074369A CN102074369A CN2009102256115A CN200910225611A CN102074369A CN 102074369 A CN102074369 A CN 102074369A CN 2009102256115 A CN2009102256115 A CN 2009102256115A CN 200910225611 A CN200910225611 A CN 200910225611A CN 102074369 A CN102074369 A CN 102074369A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-based electrolyte of an electric double layer capacitor and the electric double layer capacitor using the water-based electrolyte. The water-based electrolyte comprises solution, wherein the solution comprises a first salt and a second salt; the positive ions of the first salt can be Li+, Na+ or K+ and the negative ions can be Cl-, SO4<2->, PO4<3-> or NO3<->; and the positive ions of the second salt can be Li+, Na+ or K+ and the negative ions are OH-.
Description
Technical field
Relevant a kind of water system (water-based) electrolyte of the present invention, and particularly relevant for a kind of water system electrolyte that is used for Electric double-layer capacitor (electric double layer capacitor).
Background technology
Electric double-layer capacitor is called super capacitor (supercapacitor) again, and as its name suggests, Electric double-layer capacitor per unit weight institute energy energy stored is far above the general electric capacity of tradition; In addition, when the output energy, its rated power (power rating) also is better than many rechargeable batteries.In addition, Electric double-layer capacitor has also possessed characteristics such as long service life, cycle characteristics is good, operating temperature is wide.Just because of this, Electric double-layer capacitor is storing and is exporting this application aspect two of energy and all get most of the attention.
In simple terms, the structure of Electric double-layer capacitor has comprised a pair of polarizable electrode and has been located in this interelectrode partition (separator), and above-mentioned electrode and partition are infiltrated in the electrolyte.When between above-mentioned polarizable electrode, forming a potential difference,, can in Electric double-layer capacitor, form ionic current because the cation in the electrolyte can move and anion can anode move to negative pole.When the ion of positively charged or negative electrical charge arrived electrode surface respectively, these electric charges can be adsorbed in the interface that forms between electrolyte and electrode, and the electric field that puts on the electrode can remain on the electric charge that is adsorbed this place, and then reached the purpose of store electrical energy.
Generally speaking, the electrolyte in the Electric double-layer capacitor can adopt electrolyte solution or fused salt (molten salt) electrolyte; And electrolyte solution can be divided into water system electrolyte and organic system electrolyte (organic electrolyte, or claim non-water system electrolyte) according to the kind of its primary solvent.
Common organic system electrolyte mainly is that three grades of ammonium salts or quarternary ammonium salt are dissolved in the organic solvent (for example propene carbonate, acetonitrile or sulfolane).And common water system electrolyte mainly is a metal metallic salt (as IA, IIA family metal or ammonium salt) is dissolved in the resulting aqueous solution in the aqueous solvent, for example KOH or H
2SO
4The aqueous solution.
Existing organic system electrolyte and water system electrolyte respectively have quality on its performance and operational.
For instance, the electrolytical advantage of organic system is to discharge and recharge under the higher voltage (about 2-3V) relatively, and operating temperature range is wider.Yet organic solvent decomposes easily under high working voltage and makes that to discharge and recharge stability not good; The electrolytical interior resistance of organic system is higher in addition, makes that maximum discharge power is difficult to promote.Electrolytical other shortcoming of organic system comprise have toxicity, volatility is difficult to control, is difficult for long preservation and manufacturing cost is more high.
On the other hand, the electrolytical advantage of water system is that interior resistance is lower, thereby makes discharging efficiency improve; Not have toxicity and manufacturing cost usually lower for the water system electrolyte in addition.But the water system electrolyte is subjected to the restriction of solution breakdown voltage, thereby its operating voltage lower (less than about 1V) that is fit to.
Moreover for preferable conductibility is provided, water system electrolyte electrolyte all is the aqueous solution of highly basic (the pH value is greater than 13) or strong acid (the pH value is less than 2) usually, and this kind aqueous solution has extremely strong corrosivity, other element in the meeting heavy corrosion Electric double-layer capacitor.Also, make that the operating temperature range of Electric double-layer capacitor is narrower, usefulness is stable not good, and be prone to the problem of encapsulation stability aspect just because this kind aqueous electrolyte solution has stronger corrosivity.
Because the problems referred to above, association area is needed badly and is proposed a kind of different electrolyte to promote task performance and other operating characteristic of Electric double-layer capacitor.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, a purpose of the present invention provides a kind of water system electrolyte that is used for an Electric double-layer capacitor, and the electrolytical operating temperature range of this water system is better than existing aqueous electrolyte, and it is good to repeat chargeable rate.
Water system electrolyte according to an aspect of the present invention comprises a solution at least, and this solution comprises one first salt and one second salt at least.The cation of above-mentioned first salt is Li
+, Na
+Or K
+, and its anion is Cl
-, SO
4 2-, PO
4 3-Or NO
3 -The cation of above-mentioned second salt is Li
+, Na
+Or K
+, and its anion is OH
-
In the embodiment that the present invention chooses wantonly, the contained cation of above-mentioned first salt and second salt can be identical or different cation.
One optional embodiment according to the present invention, in above-mentioned solution, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of first salt is about 10 to 90%, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of second salt is about 10 to 90%.
Another optional embodiment according to the present invention, the contained cation of above-mentioned first salt is Li
+The another optional embodiment according to the present invention, the contained anion of above-mentioned first salt is NO
3 -In addition, one optional embodiment according to the present invention, the contained cation of above-mentioned second salt is Li
+
In the embodiment that the present invention one chooses wantonly, above-mentioned first salt is LiNO
3And second salt is LiOH.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of water system electrolyte that is used for an Electric double-layer capacitor, and the electrolytical operating temperature range of this water system is better than existing aqueous electrolyte, and it is good to repeat chargeable rate.
One specific embodiment according to the present invention, above-mentioned water system electrolyte comprises a solution at least, and this solution comprises LiNO at least
3With LiOH.
One optional embodiment according to the present invention, in above-mentioned solution, LiNO
3Concentration expressed in percentage by volume be about 10 to 90%, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of LiOH is about 10 to 90%.
In the further optional embodiment of the present invention, in above-mentioned solution, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of LiNO is about 80 to 90%, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of LiOH is about 10 to 20%.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of Electric double-layer capacitor, and the operating temperature range of this Electric double-layer capacitor is better than existing aqueous electrolyte, and it is good to repeat chargeable rate.
Electric double-layer capacitor according to another aspect of the invention comprises a pair of polarizable electrode at least and soaks into this water system electrolyte to polarizable electrode, and wherein above-mentioned water system electrolyte is the aforesaid water system electrolyte of the present invention.
One optional embodiment according to the present invention, first salt in above-mentioned water system electrolyte is LiNO
3And when second salt is LiOH, LiNO
3Percent by volume in electrolyte aqueous solution is about 80-90%, and the percent by volume of LiOH in electrolyte aqueous solution is about 10-20%.
Another optional embodiment according to the present invention, above-mentioned Electric double-layer capacitor at least also comprise a partition and are arranged at this between the polarizable electrode.In another optional embodiment, above-mentioned Electric double-layer capacitor at least also comprises a pair of current collector, and it is arranged at this respectively on polarizable electrode other surface.
The another optional embodiment according to the present invention, the material of the polarizable electrode in the above-mentioned Electric double-layer capacitor comprises carbonaceous material at least.
In sum, each technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect at least:
(1) adopt the aqueous electrolyte of non-strong acid/non-highly basic, the corrosivity of this type of aqueous electrolyte a little less than, thereby can promote the keeping quality of Electric double-layer capacitor;
(2) operating temperature range of aqueous electrolyte that is proposed and Electric double-layer capacitor is wider; And
(3) aqueous electrolyte that is proposed and Electric double-layer capacitor to repeat chargeable rate good.
After consulting hereinafter execution mode, the persond having ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention be when can understanding essence spirit of the present invention and other goal of the invention easily, and the technology used in the present invention means with implement aspect.
Description of drawings
For above and other objects of the present invention, feature, advantage and embodiment can be become apparent, below conjunction with figs. is described in detail preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the Electric double-layer capacitor of one specific embodiment according to the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make narration of the present invention more detailed and complete, enforcement aspect of the present invention and specific embodiment are described with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter; On the other hand, well-known element and step are not described among the embodiment, become unnecessary restriction with the principle of avoiding the fuzzy embodiment of the invention with spirit or to it.
From electrolytical task performance, operating temperature range, stability under operational environment and material cost etc. various towards, water system electrolyte and organic system electrolyte respectively have its pluses and minuses.From fail safe and point of view of environment protection, the water system electrolyte is a desirable material comparatively, and therefore, a purpose of the present invention is for improving existing aqueous electrolyte (particularly highly basic or strong acid aqueous electrolyte) defective in the use.In addition, in order to solve corrosive problem, embodiment of the present invention has adopted salt as charge carrier.
The present application people attempts utilizing existing salt electrolyte, and analyzes the character of these materials in the aqueous solution, for example capacitance of electrolyte solution, operating voltage, interior resistance or the like.In research process, the cation of used salt has comprised salt and the ammonium salt of IA family, IIA family; And used anion has comprised chloride ion (Cl-), sulfate radical (SO42-), phosphate radical (PO43-) and nitrate anion (NO3-) ion etc.Again during the operating characteristic of the electrolyte solution that makes of the various salts of analysis and utilization, the inventor is found under unexpected situation above-mentioned salt is mixed with the hydroxide of IA family metal when using, and resulting water system electrolyte characteristic in many aspects all is better than the hydroxide that uses above-mentioned salt separately or use IA family metal separately.Hereinafter will describe the water system electrolyte that embodiment of the present invention proposes in detail, and enumerate a plurality of experimental examples so that its operating characteristic to be described.
At first, an aspect of the present invention has proposed a kind of water system electrolyte that is used for an Electric double-layer capacitor.Can find by experimental example hereinafter, with known with highly basic be main electrolyte ingredient electrolyte in comparison, the electrolytical operating temperature range of water system that embodiment of the present invention proposes is with to repeat chargeable rate all comparatively excellent.In addition, because the present invention has adopted the mixing salt as electrolyte ingredient, its pH value also is lower than known highly basic water system electrolyte, and is therefore lower for the corrosivity of other element of Electric double-layer capacitor.
One specific embodiment according to the present invention, above-mentioned water system electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution at least, and this solution comprises one first salt and one second salt at least.The cation of above-mentioned first salt is lithium ion (Li
+), sodium ion (Na
+) or potassium ion (K
+), and its anion is chloride ion (Cl
-), sulfate ion (SO
4 2-), phosphate anion (PO
4 3-) or nitrate ion (NO
3 -).Above-mentioned second salt can be lithium hydroxide (LiOH), NaOH (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH).
In the embodiment that the present invention chooses wantonly, the contained cation of above-mentioned first salt and second salt can be identical or different cation.For instance, when selecting for use lithium nitrate as the first salt time-like, second salt can be lithium hydroxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide.
One optional embodiment according to the present invention, in above-mentioned solution, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of first salt is about 10 to 90%, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of second salt is about 10 to 90%.Specifically, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of first salt and second salt can be respectively any integer or the decimal that (comprises upper and lower limit numerical value) from 10 to 90.The persond having ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention is when understanding, and disclosed herein any number range is when each numerical value that is considered as specifically having disclosed between described scope.
Another optional embodiment according to the present invention, the contained cation of above-mentioned first salt is Li
+The another optional embodiment according to the present invention, the contained anion of above-mentioned first salt is NO
3 -In addition, one optional embodiment according to the present invention, the contained cation of above-mentioned second salt is Li
+
In the embodiment that the present invention one chooses wantonly, above-mentioned first salt is LiNO
3And second salt is LiOH.
Another aspect of the present invention has proposed a kind of water system electrolyte that is used for an Electric double-layer capacitor, and the electrolytical operating temperature range of this water system is better than existing aqueous electrolyte, and it is good to repeat chargeable rate.
One specific embodiment according to the present invention, above-mentioned water system electrolyte comprises a solution at least, and this solution comprises LiNO at least
3With LiOH.
One optional embodiment according to the present invention, in above-mentioned solution, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of LiNO is about 10 to 90%, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of LiOH is about 10 to 90%.In other optional embodiment of the present invention, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of first salt and second salt can be respectively any integer or the decimal that (comprises upper and lower limit numerical value) from 10 to 90.For instance, in the further optional embodiment of the present invention, in above-mentioned solution, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of LiNO is about 80 to 90%, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of LiOH is about 10 to 20%.
Based on the above-mentioned aspect of the present invention, another aspect of the present invention has proposed a kind of Electric double-layer capacitor, it uses the water system electrolyte that proposes among aforementioned aspect of the present invention and the embodiment as main electrolyte ingredient, thereby the operating temperature range of this Electric double-layer capacitor is better than existing aqueous electrolyte, and it is good to repeat chargeable rate.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the Electric double-layer capacitor of one specific embodiment according to the present invention, as shown in the figure, Electric double-layer capacitor 100 comprises a pair of polarizable electrode 102,104 and water system electrolyte 106, wherein above-mentioned polarizable electrode 102,104 be infiltrated on electrolyte 106 in.Well imagine, Electric double-layer capacitor 100 also comprised other general Electric double-layer capacitor the structure that should possess, as partition 108, a pair of current collector 110,112, shell 114 and lead 116,118.
Polarizable electrode 102,104 can be used to store charge, can utilize to have preferable conductive material (as: carbon), is used as the main material of polarizable electrode 102,104.In addition, above-mentioned electrode can be porous form, so that it has higher charge storage capacity.For instance, can utilize porous material with carbon element, as carbon cloth, carbon fiber, carbon paper, carbon dust etc., as the main material of polarizable electrode 102,104.
The main material of water system electrolyte 106 can comprise any water system electrolyte of aforementioned aspect and specific embodiment according to the present invention.For instance, in one embodiment, can utilize LiNO
3With LiOH as the electrolytical main component of this water system, wherein LiNO
3Percent by volume in electrolyte aqueous solution is about 80-90%, and the percent by volume of LiOH in electrolyte aqueous solution is about 10-20%.
Can utilize any material and technology existing or commonly used to make shell 114 or form other suitable encapsulating structure, so that the various element of Electric double-layer capacitor 100 form a kind of state of sealing.For instance, can utilize the exterior packaging material of aluminium foil material as shell 114.
Paired current collector 110,112 is arranged at respectively on 102,104 other surfaces of above-mentioned polarizable electrode, it can be stored in electric charge in the polarizable electrode 102,104 in order to collection, and see through the lead 116,118 pass shell 114, with electrical energy transfer to circuit external (not illustrating among the figure).In general, the material of current collector 110,112 can be a sheet metal.Can utilize any metallic conduction material to make sheet metal, metal material commonly used is as including but not limited to aluminium, copper, titanium and nickel etc.
Above-mentioned aspect and specific embodiment according to the present invention, having prepared multiple different water system electrolyte forms, and be made into Electric double-layer capacitor, and carry out the experiment of multiple different condition, with the energy storage efficiency of test gained electric capacity under the operational environment of constant temperature and/or circulating temperature.
In the constant temperature test, tested the energy storage efficiency of electric capacity under high temperature (about 75 to 85 ℃), normal temperature (about 20 to 25 ℃) and/or low temperature (-25 to-20 ℃ approximately); And in circulating temperature test, tested electric capacity at about-25 energy storage efficiencies to about 85 ℃ circulating temperature.
In following experimental example, utilize carbon fiber (area 14cm
2Thickness 2mm; Specific area 1000m
2/ g) as polarizable electrode, with PTFE as partition aluminium foil outer package material as shell, and form, to make Electric double-layer capacitor in wherein injecting different water system electrolyte.
When carrying out the electric capacity effect test, electric capacity is positioned in automatic constant temperature and the humidity conditioner, with the capacitance that can store of testing capacitor under the particular job condition, and calculate its energy storage efficiency.
In this exposure book, the definition of so-called energy storage efficiency is meant after the charge and discharge cycles through certain number of times (or time), the storable capacitance (F of this electric capacity
n) storable capacitance (F during with respect to its primary charging at room temperature
1) percentage.The account form of energy storage efficiency is:
Energy storage efficiency (%)=(F
n/ F
1) * 100%.
Table one has been listed to utilize and has been mixed lithium salts electrolyte (LiNO
3: LiOH=1: 9v/v), mixed sodium salt electrolyte (NaNO
3: NaOH=1: 9v/v) or mixed potassium salt electrolyte (KNO
3: KOH=1: the test result of the Electric double-layer capacitor of 9v/v) making under high temperature (about 75 to 85 ℃) constant temperature.Second table has listed the test result of the Electric double-layer capacitor identical with table one under low temperature (-25 to-20 ℃ approximately) constant temperature.
The electrolytelike high temperature constant temperature test of the different salt of table one
The electrolytelike low temperature constant temperature test of the different salt of table two
Find that in experimentation the mixed potassium salt electrolyte is extremely unstable under low temperature and high-temperature systems, therefore can't record its capacitance under low temperature and hot environment.On the other hand, can learn with the result shown in the table two by table one, mix lithium salts electrolyte and mixed sodium salt electrolyte under low temperature and hot environment, desirable electric capacity storage capacity still can be provided, its chargeable capacitance can reach more than seventy percent of primary charging capacitance.For instance, use and mix the electrolytical Electric double-layer capacitor of lithium salts after high temperature test 120 hours, but its storage capacitors value is 27.131 (Farad, be called for short F), compared to the capacitance 33.470 (F) of its primary charging at room temperature, its at the energy storage efficiency of high-temperature operation after 120 hours up to 81.06% ((27.131/33.470) * 100%=81.06%).
Table three has been listed the lithium salts and the different types of cationic first chargeable capacitance of Electric double-layer capacitor under normal temperature (about 20 to 25 ℃) constant temperature that the lithium salts electrolyte is made of mixing that utilizes single kind.Table four has been listed the Electric double-layer capacitor identical with table three and continued 24 hours resulting test results of test under low temperature (-25 to-20 ℃ approximately) constant temperature.
The electrolytelike normal temperature constant temperature test of single salt of table three and salt-mixture
| Electrolyte formula | Capacitance (F) | Interior resistance (Ω) | Resistance potential drop (V) | Leakage current (mA) |
| LiOH | 79.812 | 0.359 | 0.952 | 7.866 |
| LiNO 3 | 33.125 | 0.803 | 0.936 | 4.565 |
| LiCl | 78.029 | 0.414 | 0.925 | 13.545 |
| LiOH∶LiCl(1∶9v/v) | 66.772 | 1.662 | 0.754 | 9.684 |
| LiOH∶LiNO 3(1∶9v/v) | 44.470 | 0.815 | 0.942 | 3.276 |
The electrolytelike low temperature constant temperature test of single salt of table four and salt-mixture
| Electrolyte formula | Capacitance (F) | Interior resistance (Ω) | Resistance potential drop (V) | Leakage current (mA) |
| LiOH | 76.926 | 0.238 | 0.977 | 2.681 |
| LiNO 3 | 29.637 | 1.320 | 0.888 | 3.581 |
| LiCl | 79.970 | 0.391 | 0.948 | 12.654 |
| LiOH∶LiCl(1∶9v/v) | 74.794 | 0.882 | 0.891 | 4.494 |
| LiOH∶LiNO 3(1∶9v/v) | 44.129 | 1.874 | 0.889 | 0.370 |
As mentioned above, the capacitance height of the main component LiOH that traditional water system electrolyte is used, but during long storage time, its stability of solution is poor, and LiOH has stronger corrosivity, therefore is restricted on using.
In addition, when electrolyte has conductivity, can make the leakage current (leakage current) of capacitor inside flow and the phenomenon that causes capacitor to discharge lentamente, promptly so-called dielectric leakage (dielectric leakage).
Can find by table three, when utilizing LiCl as main electrolyte ingredient, storable capacitance and LiOH are equally matched, but because the conductivity of LiCl is preferable, therefore the leakage current that is produced higher (just Fang Dian situation more shape is serious), with regard to the usefulness of Electric double-layer capacitor, this is more unfavorable situation.
Can find by table three and table four, as the water system electrolyte, can address the above problem to small part according to embodiment of the invention utilization mixing salt.For instance, when using mixing salt that LiOH adds LiCl as the water system electrolyte, the leakage current that it produced (9.684mA) is starkly lower than the leakage current (13.545mA) when using the LiCl homogenous material at normal temperatures.In addition, use LiOH to add LiNO
3Mixing salt during as the water system electrolyte, the generation that also can reduce leakage current is (compared to independent use LiOH or LiNO
3Situation).Another advantage of use mixing salt is, belongs to the NaOH of highly basic compared to use, and the corrosivity of mixing salt is lower, so the energy storage usefulness (referring to table one, table two) low temperature under and storage stability are preferable.
Table five has been listed Electric double-layer capacitor that the mixing lithium salts electrolyte that uses different proportionings makes in the first chargeable capacitance under normal temperature (about 20 to the 25 ℃) constant temperature and in low temperature (-25 to-20 ℃ approximately), high temperature (about 75 to 85 ℃) chargeable capacitance and its energy storage usefulness of running after 1 hour down.Table six listed the Electric double-layer capacitor identical with table five under similarity condition through the test result after 24 hours.
Table five mixes the energy storage efficiency of salt electrolyte running after 1 hour
Table six mixes the energy storage efficiency of salt electrolyte running after 24 hours
Result by table five and table six can find, works as LiOH: LiNO
3Volume ratio be about at 1: 9 o'clock, made electric capacity stable splendid under low temperature environment, after passing through 24 hours, but its storage capacitors amount (44.129F) is still up to 99.23% of first storage capacitors amount (44.470F); Simultaneously under hot environment, also can keep certain energy storage efficiency.In addition, at LiOH: LiNO
3Volume ratio be about in the experimental example of 2: 8 and 6: 4, made electric capacity all can be kept about energy storage efficiency more than 80% under the environment of operation of high temperature and low temperature.
Table seven has been listed electrolyte and the LiOH that uses LiOH: LiNO
3Volume ratio be about the result that Electric double-layer capacitor that 1: 9 electrolyte makes is tested at normal temperatures for a long time.Table eight has been listed the result of the long-acting test after the use Electric double-layer capacitor identical with table seven repeatedly circulates at normal temperatures
The long-time energy storage efficiency test of table seven
The long-acting energy storage efficiency test of table eight
Can find with the result shown in the table eight by table seven, the mixing lithium salts that utilization proposes according to the embodiment of the invention is as water system electrolytical the time, resulting electric capacity still can be possessed the energy storage efficiency more than ninety percent through long-time (more than 105 days) or repeatedly after the test of charge and discharge cycles (more than 151 times).
Table nine has been listed use LiOH: LiNO
3Volume ratio be about the test result of Electric double-layer capacitor under circulating temperature (range of DO :-20 to 80 ℃ approximately) environment that 1: 9 electrolyte is made, listed the result of twice duplicate test in the table.
Table nine circulating temperature environmental testing
Can find that by table nine under the circulating temperature environment, after through 150 hours test, energy storage efficiency is up to more than ninety percent according to the Electric double-layer capacitor of the embodiment of the invention.
Table ten has been listed the pH value that electrolyte used in part embodiment of the present invention and the control group is formed, and its test environment is 25 ℃, and the pH value of deionized water is 6.67.
Table ten electrolyte pH value
| Electrolyte | The pH value |
| ?KOH | 14.36 |
| ?NaOH | 13.72 |
| ?LiOH | 11.96 |
| ?LiNO 3 | 7.9 |
| ?KOH∶KNO 3＝9∶1 | 13.57 |
| ?NaOH∶NaNO 3＝9∶1 | 13.7 |
| ?LiOH∶LiNO 3＝9∶1 | 11.91 |
| ?LiOH∶LiNO 3＝5∶5 | 11.78 |
| ?LiOH∶LiNO 3＝1∶9 | 11.216 |
As shown in Table 10, only use highly basic such as KaOH, NaOH or LiOH in comparison with existing as the electrolyte of main electrolytes, less according to the electrolytical pH value of the water system that is used for Electric double-layer capacitor that the specific embodiment of the invention proposes, this also makes water system electrolyte of proposition herein more not have corrosivity.
Though the present invention discloses as above with execution mode; right its is not in order to limit the present invention; anyly have the knack of this skill person; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when can being used for a variety of modifications and variations, so protection scope of the present invention is when looking accompanying being as the criterion that the application's claim defined.
Claims (13)
1. a water system electrolyte that is used for an Electric double-layer capacitor is characterized in that this water system electrolyte comprises a solution at least, and this solution comprises at least:
One first salt, it has a cation and an anion, and wherein this cation is Li
+, Na
+Or K
+, and this anion is Cl
-, SO
4 2-, PO
4 3-Or NO
3 -And
One second salt, it has a cation and an anion, and wherein this cation is Li
+, Na
+Or K
+, and this anion is OH
-
2. water system electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that this cation of this cation of this first salt and this second salt is identical or different.
3. water system electrolyte according to claim 1 it is characterized in that the volume percentage concentration of this first salt in this solution is about 10 to 90%, and the volume percentage concentration of this second salt in this solution is about 10 to 90%.
4. water system electrolyte according to claim 1, this cation that it is characterized in that this first salt is Li
+
5. water system electrolyte according to claim 1, this anion that it is characterized in that this first salt is NO
3 -
6. water system electrolyte according to claim 1, this cation that it is characterized in that this second salt is Li
+
7. a water system electrolyte that is used for an Electric double-layer capacitor is characterized in that this water system electrolyte comprises a solution at least, and this solution comprises LiNO at least
3With LiOH.
8. water system electrolyte according to claim 7 is characterized in that this LiNO
3Percent by volume in this aqueous solution is about 10-90%, and the percent by volume of LiOH in this aqueous solution is about 10-90%.
9. water system electrolyte according to claim 7 is characterized in that this LiNO
3Percent by volume in this aqueous solution is about 80-90%, and the percent by volume of LiOH in this aqueous solution is about 10-20%.
10. Electric double-layer capacitor comprises at least:
A pair of polarizable electrode; And
A kind of each described water system electrolyte according to claim 1 to 9, this water system electrolyte soaks into this to polarizable electrode.
11. Electric double-layer capacitor according to claim 10 is characterized in that at least also comprising a partition, is arranged at this between the polarizable electrode.
12. Electric double-layer capacitor according to claim 10 is characterized in that at least also comprising a pair of current collector, it is arranged at this respectively on polarizable electrode other surface.
13. Electric double-layer capacitor according to claim 10 is characterized in that this material to polarizable electrode comprises a carbonaceous material at least.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102522205A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Aqueous supercapacitor |
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| US7189475B2 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2007-03-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Lithium secondary battery |
| CN1674347A (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2005-09-28 | 复旦大学 | Mixed aquo-lithium ion battery |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102522205A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Aqueous supercapacitor |
| CN102522205B (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2014-01-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Aqueous supercapacitor |
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