CN102073321A - Line drive type linkage light ray tracing method and reflective concentration photovoltaic power generation thereof - Google Patents
Line drive type linkage light ray tracing method and reflective concentration photovoltaic power generation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102073321A CN102073321A CN2010105553760A CN201010555376A CN102073321A CN 102073321 A CN102073321 A CN 102073321A CN 2010105553760 A CN2010105553760 A CN 2010105553760A CN 201010555376 A CN201010555376 A CN 201010555376A CN 102073321 A CN102073321 A CN 102073321A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/13—Transmissions
- F24S2030/133—Transmissions in the form of flexible elements, e.g. belts, chains, ropes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/13—Transmissions
- F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention relates to a line drive type linkage light ray tracing method and reflective concentration photovoltaic power generation thereof, which belong to the field of solar energy automatic tracing and concentration photovoltaics. In the invention, according to the characteristic that solar light rays deflect slowly and deflect in a range from about -90 degrees to +90 degrees and the characteristic that the combination of steel rope drive and a wheel can realize the pulling drive at any spatial angle, pulling is adopted in both forward and backward directions to enable a solar energy utilization device to deflect with light rays or return to reset. Line drive can control the independent solar utilization device, the array type linkage tracing of the solar utilization device can be realized through mutual series and parallel linkage, and thus, the tracing cost can be reduced greatly. Meanwhile, the invention provides a line drive type solar energy fixed point reflective concentration method and a battery radiation method for concentration photovoltaic power generation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar energy automatic tracking and condensation photovoltaic field thereof.
Background technology
Solar energy utilization system adopts tracking technique can increase production capacity reduction investment, and to utilize scheme to follow the tracks of for the sun power of optically focused be necessary, in addition, solar electrical energy generation is along with general who has surrendered under the cost is generally promoted, and electricity generation system can prolong the generating rush hour of every day after adopt following the tracks of, the generating dutation that can also prolong every day in summer can be alleviated the impact to the stabilization of power grids, so the low-cost and high-precision tracking technique has meaning of crucial importance to generally utilizing sun power.Yet the main pattern of tracking technique of field of solar energy still is based on the independently tracked control mode of the twin shaft bi-motor of " position angle+lift angle " control at present, the tracking Control cost can be in any more always, usually reduce the tracking cost of specific power by the area that increases cell panel or condenser mirror, but increased wind resistance difficulty and construction and maintenance cost, utilized cost-effectiveness not obvious reducing sun power.The proposition of the new technology new theory in some solar energy tracking fields was arranged in recent years, but the integrated cost that reduces the sun power utilization was not had substantive breakthroughs.
Application number is that 200810182738.9 application for a patent for invention " low-cost solar energy tracking and condensing power generation method " has proposed connecting rod linkage type solar energy reflection concentrating method, be to following the tracks of theoretical basic breakthrough, catoptron is pressed angular bisector formula orienting reflex principle and is installed, and only tracking rocking bar in the need pilot angle bisector formula orienting reflex mechanism and the synchronous deflection of sunray just can realize the orienting reflex by direction initialization.The full reflection mirror array is connected to each other unified interlock by linkage assembly, the control system of an array only need be controlled two motors and realize two dimensional tracking light focusing (and traditional method need be controlled two times motor of full reflection mirror quantity), is expected to reduce significantly the tracking cost.But the tracking mode of connecting rod interlock is limited to the deflection space of helioplant to some extent, and connecting rod weight promptly increases and follows the tracks of power consumption and also influence control accuracy, so the solar energy tracking scheme still has very big room for improvement.
An important use of tracing collection technology is a solar concentrating photovoltaic, generally need good heat radiating be arranged to battery, at present technical scheme mainly adopts water-cooled or the air cooling effect is limited is not suitable for higher multiplying-power focusing, though adopt the general heat pipe cooling that the scheme that proposes not have because of the factor of technical difficulty and cost practicality is arranged.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention: reduce solar energy tracking cost and sun power significantly and utilize cost.
Technical scheme of the present invention: utilize sunray deflection to reach the characteristics of limited deflection in the general scope about ± 90 ° very slowly, by line gearings such as wire rope transmission cheaply, chain transmission or band transmissions, utilize line and wheel combination can realize the characteristics of any space angle pulling transmission, forward and reversely all adopts the pulling transmission to drag helioplant tracking light deflection or return respectively to reset.The line transmission promptly can be controlled independent helioplant also can realize the tracking of helioplant array interlock by the mode of mutual polyphone, parallel connection or polyphone and the interlock that combines in parallel, can thoroughly reduce the tracking cost when especially adopting the wire rope transmission.
Follow the tracks of the reflecting condensation lower cost solution for realizing the line driven type, adopt improved angular bisector formula orienting reflex principle, the rotating shaft of the tracking rocking bar of angular bisector formula orienting reflex mechanism is installed by the mode parallel with earth pole axis, promptly follow the tracks of rocking bar and adopt the pole axis tracking mode, at some specific positions, adopt the equivalence tracking rocking bar of parallel linkage to satisfy each parts of follower work space freely.Like this, because the characteristics that pole axis is followed the tracks of, the position angle of following the tracks of rocking bar is tracked as the at the uniform velocity rotation regulation corresponding with earth rotation, and elevation angle be 1 year corresponding with revolution of earth only at ± 23.5 ° of range one-periods, the tracking rocking bar of all catoptrons is synchronous working all.Obviously, even the tracking rocking bar of each catoptron all directly adopts Electric Machine Control also than the controlling schemes of traditional complexity substantive advantage to be arranged, and with the line kind of drive replace the parallel rod formula make interlock follow the tracks of cost of investment still be tracking performance all be substantive breakthroughs.
In low power reflecting condensation field, line driven type tracker on time the open loop approach of clock system just can satisfy that tracking accuracy requires and not needs increase sensor feedback system, be most economical tracking mode, and the topmost purposes of low-concentration is a low-concentration photovoltaic.Adopt the photovoltaic cell backplane cooling measure to satisfy operate as normal under the battery optically focused, can give full play to the low-cost advantage of line driven type linkage tracking method and cost for solar power generation is descended significantly.
The concrete solution that the line driven type is followed the tracks of is versatile and flexible, specifically will further specify in conjunction with the embodiments.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. proposing the simplest is that the line driven type interlock of main mode is followed the tracks of solution and will thoroughly be reduced the solar energy tracking cost with wire rope.
2. give full play to the low-cost advantage of line transmission, can adopt the long radius transmission as far as possible, reduce component stress, increase the tracking stability and the wind resistance of helioplant.
3. in the interlock mode of parallel way, and bus can adopt rigid members such as reinforcing bar steel pipe, can avoid error and distortion accumulation, guarantees that the solar energy tracking array has enough stability and tracking accuracy.
4. provide from the regular solar device to the reflecting condensation system, the complete solution that the various line driven types from the roof to ground are followed the tracks of has general applicability.
5. interlock tracking array can accomplish that uniaxiality tracking need only have a motor or the double-axis tracking need only two motors, whole array need not reducing gear except that driving wheel, can realize the direct transmission of oil-free lubricatoin, easier adaptation Desert Area, anti-blown sand life-span long pass efficiency of movement height.
6. given full play to the Ultra Low Cost advantage that interlock is followed the tracks of, will comprise that each field such as various solar energy power generatings (as single shaft or double-axis tracking, low power and the high power concentrator photovoltaic etc. of common photovoltaic), middle high temperature even low-temperature solar energy heat utilization and solar energy thermal-power-generating etc. produces material impact solar energy industry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the separate unit helioplant adopts half wheeled line transmission following principle figure;
Fig. 2 is the line driven type interlock following principle figure of single-row double-bus parallel way;
Fig. 3 is the line driven type interlock following principle figure of multiple row double-bus parallel way;
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are two kinds of line transmission angle sheave mounting meanss;
Fig. 6 is the line driven type interlock following principle figure of two kinds of single busbar parallel waies;
Fig. 7 is a kind of multiple row single busbar parallel way schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram that a kind of line driven type interlock of series system is followed the tracks of;
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 follow the tracks of two kinds of locations drawing by the line driven type interlock that vertically draws type of drive;
Figure 11 vertically draws the double-bus of the line driven type interlock tracking of the kind of drive to connect drive principle figure;
Figure 12 is the line driven type following principle figure of oblique vertical pulling type of drive;
Figure 13 is the geometrical calculation analysis chart of oblique vertical pulling type of drive;
Figure 14 is the cam-type tensioning compensation principle figure of oblique vertical pulling type of drive;
Figure 15 is two kinds of working state schematic representations that increased the line bracing frame on the helioplant;
Figure 16 is the synoptic diagram that the helioplant line application point of the oblique vertical pulling driving of employing is higher than sensitive surface;
Figure 17 and 18 is the cantilever inclined shaft support synoptic diagram that can be used for line transmission polar mounts double-axis tracking;
Figure 19 is the eccentric rotational structure synoptic diagram that the cantilever inclined shaft is connected with three-legged support junction employing bearing pin;
Figure 20 is the nut-screw topworks schematic diagram of line driven type tracker feedback compensator;
Figure 21 and Figure 22 are angular bisector formula orienting reflex mechanism principle figures.
Figure 23 follows the tracks of the equivalent mechanism schematic diagram that rocking bar adopts the parallel rod structure;
Figure 24 is that the tracking rocking bar of angular bisector formula orienting reflex mechanism adopts polar mounts to follow the tracks of synoptic diagram;
Figure 25 is the concentrator cell assembly synoptic diagram with backboard liquid bath heat sinking function;
Figure 26 is a cell panel heat radiation liquid bath structure diagram;
Figure 27 is that the reflection mirror array on the transverse axis uniaxiality tracking support is realized the tracing collection synoptic diagram;
Figure 28 is that disc holder adopts the line driven type to follow the tracks of synoptic diagram;
Figure 29 ratchet device formula line kind of drive synoptic diagram;
Figure 30 ratchet device formula line kind of drive interlock synoptic diagram;
Figure 31 disc holder guide rail synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Separate unit helioplant as shown in Figure 1 adopts line transmission following principle figure, helioplant 1 has been installed major diameter and has partly been taken turns 2, drag half and take turns and promptly drag helioplant 1 and follow the tracks of sunray deflection by the transmission that wraps of driving wheel 4 by wire rope 3, driving wheel 4 directly utilizes the friction force transmission with the wire rope that wraps, and is fit to the uniaxiality tracking of any helioplant.Because it follows the tracks of angle generally all in ± 90 ° of scopes, helioplant adopts partly takes turns transmission, wheel diameter can be increased as far as possible even the width of helioplant can be surpassed, increase reduction gear ratio and reduce transmission stress and economical with materials, the reducing motor cost that drags driving wheel also declines to a great extent.Half wheel does not limit to the just circumference of 180 degree, and visual transmission need be greater than or less than 180 degree.
Accompanying drawing 3 is line driven type interlock following principle figure of multiple row double-bus parallel way, and branch line bus 9 is connected the line driven type interlock tracking that is finally dragged the whole array of realization by total bus driving wheel 11 with bus bus 10 by angle sheave.
Accompanying drawing 4 is two kinds of angle sheave mounting meanss with accompanying drawing 5, and angle sheave 12 is fit to the guiding helioplants and is connected with wire rope between the bus in the accompanying drawing 4, and accompanying drawing 5 is fit to guide being connected between buses and the bus.
Accompanying drawing 6 is line driven type interlock following principle figure of two kinds of single busbar parallel waies, in the connected mode of figure below, increases half wheel diameter even can be fairly simple line transmission mode without angle sheave.By illustrating two kinds of connected mode organic assembling, the bus of tracking array can be contacted by serpentine, and integral body can realize the serially connected closed circuit interlock tracking of " recessed " font.
Fig. 7 is a kind of compound principle of parallel figure of multiple row single busbar parallel way, drags whole tracking array by driving wheel 13, and parallel connection can reduce the kinematic train cumulative errors.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram that a kind of line driven type interlock of single busbar series system is followed the tracks of, increased the two keyed end 14 in the wrapping of line and wheel (among the figure shown in the dotted line), runner can be installed in the kind of drive on the solar energy equipment transmission shaft, relatively is fit to small-sized or miniature interlock tracking array.
With the wire rope transmission characteristics that the line transmission is followed the tracks of have been described in the present embodiment, in fact the various chain transmission, belt gear etc. that have the line transport characteristics are also passable, especially adopt chain transmission or double rack gear drive etc. can satisfy the high pulling torque needs in the driving wheel gear train of interlock tracking array.And the bus straight-line segment in the online driven type tracker can adopt steel pipe or reinforcing bar isoline rigid member to increase the reliability of transmission.
The described line driven type of present embodiment single-shaft tracking method not only is fit to the photovoltaic field and also is fit to the photo-thermal field, as the low temperature photo-thermal of solar water heater and the middle high temperature photo-thermal field of slot light collection etc.
Save half wheel in order further to reduce the tracking cost of investment, adopt as accompanying drawing 9 and shown in Figure 10 by the line driven type linkage tracking method that vertically draws type of drive, helioplant 20 is dragged through pulley type angle sheave 22 by the wire rope 21 of vertical direction and is connected (the figure median generatrix does not show) with bus, always what change, the length of roller angle sheave must satisfy wire rope transversal displacement scope thereon in the tracing process to distance in this interlock tracing process between the wire rope.With between the embodiment 1 described tracking array median generatrix to be connected the kind of drive similar, but change characteristics for adapting to the wire rope spacing, accompanying drawing 11 has shown the double-bus catenation principle that vertically draws the kind of drive and the kind of drive of driving wheel, distinguishes the bus wire rope of both direction with solid line and dotted line.The bus of both direction will be with same characteristics of motion transmission when driving wheel 24 drags rotating disk 23 rotations, and the bus intersection in non-driving wheel position adopts same rotating disk to be connected to each other and gets final product.
The line driven type following principle of oblique vertical pulling type of drive as shown in Figure 12 can avoid embodiment 2 median generatrix spacings to have the trouble of displacement.But tiltedly characteristics of the vertical pulling kind of drive are the deflection angle variations along with helioplant, and the elongation of both sides wire rope and shortening amount inequality change, and must increase the tensioning compensation system.
Accompanying drawing 13 is geometrical calculation analysis charts of oblique vertical pulling type of drive, and AC is a wire rope application point distance on the helioplant, and AB and BC are the theoretical length that the oblique elongation degree of both sides wire rope extends to intersection point, and O is a deflection center,
Be the solar energy equipment deflection angle, set OA=OC=R and OB=H, the length sum of both sides oblique rope is L, the relational expression below determining easily:
L＝AB+BC
Can determine, when the solar energy equipment horizontal level is
The time L maximum, promptly
Generalized case,
The variation range at angle is
A kind of special circumstances are, when A, B and C point are distributed on the same circumference, and when promptly moving among the figure on the B point to B ' point, R=H, following formula can be reduced to:
Accompanying drawing 14 is cam-type tensioning compensation principle figure of oblique vertical pulling type of drive, cam 26 has been installed on the crossbeam 25, when work, along with the deflection of crossbeam 25, the guide wheel 27 promotion slide bar other end stretching pulleys 29 that cam rotation acts on the slide bar 28 make wire rope remain on tensioning state.Adopt such compensation system, identical and when synchronous when the physical dimension of the oblique machine drawing structure of helioplant in the oblique machine drawing structure of crossbeam and the tracking array, when meeting situation on same circumference of A, B, C at 3, the displacement S that cam produces slide bar downwards should be 1/2 of Δ L, and promptly cam design should meet following formula:
(generalized case
)
R: radius of a circle is the distance of wire rope two ends keyed end to the solar energy equipment rotating shaft;
In engineering construction, stretching pulley 29 can be done the driving wheel of tracker simultaneously, when being connected, can do the driving wheel of whole array with whole line driven type tracking array, structure can make the extending line intersection point of wire rope always drop on fulcrum shaft in the heart shown in the angle sheave mounting means employing accompanying drawing 4, satisfies the requirement of theoretical model.
When tiltedly vertical pulling line driven type interlock tracking array adopted double-bus parallel way among the embodiment one, whole tracker only needed to install a cover compensation system and get final product between bus, so to be hopeful be most economical a kind of tracking.A shortcoming that exists is that the wire rope moment loading reduces rapidly apart from meeting along with after the helioplant deflection angle is increased to 45 degree, is 0 until increasing to 90 operating distances when spending.For this reason, as having increased the line strong point of line bracing frame 30 when increasing wide-angle deflection on accompanying drawing 15 helioplants, under illustrated two kinds of duties, always keep bigger moment loading distance, but cam design need be made corresponding adjustment, similar with the computation process of front, just the distribution of application point is different with the angle variation range.In theory, even can increase by 2 of line bracing frames or more.
Accompanying drawing 16 is synoptic diagram that the helioplant line application point of the oblique vertical pulling type of drive of employing is higher than sensitive surface, can make deflection angle like this
Greater than ± 90 ° of scopes.
Compensation system also can be controlled electric device by controller and make the stretching pulley 29 in the accompanying drawing 14 produce compensate for displacement by calculating rule except that cam, perhaps adopts other method.
Are cantilever inclined shaft supporting structures as accompanying drawing 17 with accompanying drawing 18, become the tripod pole bracket by a pair of supporting leg 33 (also can be other supporting way such as clump) supporting cantilever inclined shaft, 31 fens two parts symmetries of solar panel are installed on the transverse axis, the 32 line transmissions by driving wheel 34 of fixed installation line wheel make its deflection on cantilevered axle, control the control that realizes the transverse axis rotation with the hard-wired rocking bar 35 of transverse axis by reducing motor 37 with nut-screw mechanism 36, and then satisfy the twin shaft two-dimensional tracking of cell panel.Line wheel 32 can be that whole wheel also can be half wheel, also line can be taken turns 32 and change crossbeam into and control inclined shaft tracking by oblique vertical pulling mode.
Shown in the accompanying drawing 19 is that cantilever turning axle and support binding site 38 and 39 adopt the bearing pin connected mode, the transverse axis of helioplant is installed on hitch point 40, can make cell panel two-dimensional deflection mechanism all adopt bearing pin to connect, need not bearing need not lubricate and the transmission resistance is very little, therefore the eccentric rotational structure that is connected with support junction employing bearing pin of this cantilever inclined shaft can adapt to the helioplant of big or small various types.
This cantilever inclined shaft is convenient to be installed as the tracking of parallel with earth pole axis (inclination angle [theta] equals local latitude) realization pole axis, the elevation angle of North and South direction is followed the tracks of and was only changed one-period in 1 year, and indeclinable for thinking in the time, only needed finely tune once in one day even several days.Therefore can simplified control system, energy-conservation and easier assurance control accuracy.
Obviously cantilever inclined shaft tracking support also is suitable for the uniaxiality tracking mode, and promptly helioplant is directly installed on the inclined shaft mountain, does not have transverse axis, also is fit to the inclined shaft uniaxiality tracking mode of other type by that analogy.
As shown in Figure 20, increased the line driven type tracking of feedback compensator, adopted nut-screw topworks for improving tracking accuracy.Wire rope 49 drags helioplant 45 with bus and follows the tracks of deflection during work, when tracking accuracy is lower than requirement, control system is sent compensating signal according to after the signal Processing to sensor, making electronic compensation topworks 48 drive nut-screws 47 starts working, the displacement of two transmission line ends whiles of control wire rope left-hand or dextrad, stop after finishing compensating movement, wait for control system signal next time.Do not rotate for the translation of realization nut-screw, increased square bar 46 and connected wire rope through square holes.
Because the always accidental trimming movement of compensation process helioplant, add the high reduction gear ratio of nut-screw, the actuator motor generally adopts getting final product of the very low common minitype speed reducing motor of cost, can bring into play low-cost advantage equally in the high precision tracking field, can be used for concentrator cell and follow the tracks of the high precision double-axis tracking in fields such as generating, dish formula spotlight tracking and plane mirror optically focused, and high precision single axle tracking field performance low-cost and high-precision advantage such as groove type line-focusing.
As a kind of connecting rod slider-type orienting reflex mechanism that adopts the parallel symmetry of Space Angle bisector principle of accompanying drawing 21 expressions, catoptron 61 is supported by the vertical shaft 64 that points to receiver 67, and vertical minute surface rocking bar 65 is connected with catoptron 61 vertical fixing.The sliding bar mechanism of symmetry makes vertical minute surface rocking bar 65 become the angular bisector of tracking rocking bar 66 place straight lines of vertical shaft place score and the sensing sun (parallel with light).Like this, linkage assembly control is followed the tracks of rocking bar 66 two-dimensional deflections and is kept parallel with sunray, just can make reflection ray point to receiver 67 along the direction of vertical shaft 64 all the time according to principle of reflection.And the tracking rocking bar parallel with sunray must be synchronously parallel in all reflection mirror arrays, therefore can drive synchronous sun tracking by interlinked mechanism with following the tracks of rocking bar 66, forms solar energy fixed point reflection optically focused array.
Isosceles triangle sliding bar mechanism shown in the accompanying drawing 22 can be regarded as by accompanying drawing 21 and simplifies the result who develops, and is the angular bisector orienting reflex mechanism of simplifying, and these have detailed description in patented claim 200810182738.9.
But, for optically focused level crossing array, along with north and south, catoptron relative focal point position different distributions, relative position situation shown in the accompanying drawing 23 can appear in the catoptron follower that has, collide for fear of the vertical rocking bar with catoptron of the rotating shaft of following the tracks of rocking bar, the tracking rocking bar of this situation has adopted the parallel linkage 68 of equivalence as shown in the figure.By this principle, the tracking rocking bar of any locus can satisfy the control requirement by the parallel linkage of equivalence in theory, and this in fact is a kind of equivalent translation of geometric relationship.
Accompanying drawing 24 is that orienting reflex mechanism has adopted the gearing control of gusseted cantilever inclined shaft structure to follow the tracks of rocking bar, follow the tracks of rocking bar realization solar energy reflection optically focused so that adapt to line driven type interlock tracker by control, be convenient to follow the tracks of rocking bar and adopt the polar mounts tracing collection.
The orienting reflex mechanism of above-mentioned this tracking rocking bar and the mutual interlock of level crossing all is that the tracking rocking bar is a driving link, the passive reflecting condensation of minute surface.On principle, when initiatively deflection of catoptron, a kind of method is that motor drive mechanism directly drives mirror deflection, another kind method is to adopt line kind of drive mode as shown in Figure 1 to drive mirror deflection, perhaps the overall reflective lens array adopts line driven type interlock to follow the tracks of, following the tracks of rocking bar when increasing angular bisector orienting reflex mechanism becomes Passive part, can according to its whether parallel judgement with sunlight follow the tracks of whether accurate.Therefore angular bisector orienting reflex mechanism can be used as sensor, and avoids catoptron to be in the light by the side that the parallel linkage equivalence moves to catoptron, to increase practicality.
Interlock follow the tracks of the orienting reflex condenser system receiver can be arranged in system directly over, when being used for the concentrator cell generating, cell panel can the face down horizontal fixed arrange that this has created condition very easily for concentrator cell adopts the cooling of gravity reflux formula heat pipe principle.Have backboard as shown in Figure 25 and be furnished with the concentrator cell assembly synoptic diagram of heat sinking function, wherein B figure is that synoptic diagram is looked on the left side of A figure.The back side of solar panel 74 is furnished with radiator liquid groove 73.Heat dissipation pipeline 72 is communicated with into the circulation passage of sealing, extracts aeroseal after the inner filling appropriate amount of fluid working medium and forms heat-pipe type radiator.Liquid working substance is subjected to thermal evaporation in can 73, rise to behind the heat dissipation pipeline by heat radiating metal diaphragm 71 heat is passed in the air, and progressively the condensation gravitate is back to and forms the heat pipe-type circulation in the can, and arrow line is represented the working medium loop direction among the figure.For the diameter that guarantees the unimpeded heat dissipation pipeline of condensed fluid gravity reflux can not be too little should be greater than diameter that may flowing full (condensed fluid is full of caliber), generally should be greater than 8 millimeters.
In order to satisfy the heat radiation requirement, on this principle, can adopt the frame mode of various similar heat pipe combination.Two kinds of different circulating pipeline structure capables of C figure in the accompanying drawing 25 and D figure expression, C helps promoting circulation that B is fairly simple.If adapt to condenser systems such as dish formula catoptron, cooling system also can be with the battery tilt variation, and the backboard liquid tank just need be carried out seal approach.
In the accompanying drawing 26 expression backboard grooves heat-conducting liquid is arranged, the heat absorbing end of heat radiation heat pipe is arranged in the radiator liquid, and this requires to carry out insulation and leakproof on backboard.At present, because the radiating insulating performance of the backboard film of common list (many) crystal silicon solar batteries assembly all is that important quality index is to adapt to open-air use, technical development is very fast, even (thickness and circuit voltage also have relation can to accomplish 0.1 millimeter, the high more thickness of voltage also requires high), and cell panel thickness is also near 0.1 millimeter development, and therefore technology trends is special at present supports this heat sink conception.This makes common photovoltaic cell concentrating heat radiation generating have good application prospects, cost for solar power generation to be expected to thus descend significantly.After adding a cover, the backboard groove can also adapt to the optically focused situation that battery tilts, as the catoptron optically focused on dish formula optically focused and the horizontal single shaft support.
In sum, when being used for solar concentrating photovoltaic, can in the cell module back veneer groove radiator liquid be housed, radiator liquid has adopted one of following radiating mode,
(1) natural heat dissipation, for example radiator liquid is that water moisturizing is regularly regularly cleaned;
(2) water-cooling, endothermic tube are arranged in the liquid;
(3) natural recirculating type heat pipe heat radiation, endothermic tube is arranged in the liquid;
(4) teletransmission heat pipe heat radiation, endothermic tube is arranged in the liquid;
(5) air-conditioning reclaims heat, and endothermic tube is arranged in the liquid.
As shown in Figure 27, the follower of the reflection mirror array 83 on the transverse axis uniaxiality tracking support 84 (be simple and clear, do not show among the figure) is pressed angular bisector formula orienting reflex principle and is installed, and follows the tracks of rocking bar and adopts the single shaft one dimension to follow the tracks of.Like this, following the tracks of support 84 makes the support height angle over against the sun by the deflection of line driven type interlock tracker controlling level axle, and angular bisector orienting reflex mechanism controls catoptron track side parallactic angle, make reflection mirror array always optically focused in the receiver 81 that supports by support 82.Such advantage is to have simplified angular bisector formula orienting reflex tracker, makes it more help using the various line kinds of drive, relatively is fit to heavy construction, and the large-scale mirror support of every row can be arranged a plurality of receivers.
Accompanying drawing 28 is tracking that are applicable to various helioplants that disc holder adopts the line driven type to follow the tracks of, disk drags track side's parallactic angle by driving wheel 86 by the line kind of drive, and helioplant is installed on the transverse axis 85 on the rotating disk by other line transmission or alternate manner control elevation angle.When being used for reflecting condensation, the angular bisector formula orienting reflex principle installation of pressing equally of rotating disk upper reflector gets final product, and promptly following the tracks of rocking bar only needs one dimension to follow the tracks of.Biggest advantage is, when the optically focused receiver is installed in disk shaft when overhead, the receiver position is constant, can be directly installed on the fixed support and becomes special fixed-point condensing mode.In addition, the low wind resistance of total system center of gravity is more suitable for roof solar by force and follows the tracks of, and also is fit to the ground solar engineering certainly.
For large-scale disc holder system, also can adopt the line kind of drive of each support roller of ratchet device interlock mode driver plate.Accompanying drawing 29 is transmissions and control synoptic diagram of bidirectional ratchet mechanism and the combination of push-pull cable mechanism, form ratchet device by ratchet 88 two-way ratchets 89 and following steel ball thereof and spring and rocking handle 90, driving rocking handle 90 reciprocating actions by wire rope 91 makes ratchet produce directed the rotation, push-pull cable 93 is realized the positive revertive control that ratchet device rotates by the position of slide bar 92 control ratchets, about two figure show opposite duty.The solar energy tracking control system can connect the control that slide bar 94 control push-pull cables 93 are realized tracking direction by wire rope.Also can add the alternative push-pull cable of mechanism of spring reset with drag-line, rocking handle 90 also can adopt drag-line or push-pull cable mechanism controls in addition.When disk adopts the wheel-track type rotating manner of a plurality of rollers supports, adopt the ratchet device interlocking method shown in the accompanying drawing 30 to realize of the control of ratchet speed reducer structure to a plurality of support rollers, drive ratchet rocking handle 90 by the synchronous reciprocating action of the mode that is similar to parallel rod by wire rope 91, but the circumference that ratchet device is uniformly distributed in disk with roller everywhere, by turning to of wire rope 95 control ratchets.When the circle distribution ratchet after a little while, affecting about the wire rope of ratchet has angle, can increase angle sheave and solve.
Adopt the line transmission of ratchet device can reduce the electric reducer structure, also can directly drive helioplant in theory, for example change the driving wheel of accompanying drawing 1 into ratchet drives wheel tracking array and just can work by the mode of accompanying drawing 30 mutually.Being used for disc holder can be by increasing the number of rollers of ratchet drives, increase concentric rail 96 quantity (among the figure being 2) as shown in Figure 31 or increase the number of rollers of the ratchet drives of each track correspondence, reduce the disc holder cost to reduce supporting frame intensity.
The present invention relates to applied widely, and purposes is versatile and flexible, is not limited to the described scope of embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. line driven type sunray tracking, control system makes helioplant follow the tracks of light deflection by kinematic train, it is characterized in that: helioplant adopts the independent or unified interlock of line transmission mechanism to follow the tracks of light deflection, line transmission mechanism is taken turns by wheel or half or the ratchet device connection drives helioplant deflection, perhaps directly connects to drive.
2. line driven type sunray tracking as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: helioplant by line transmission mechanism by vertically draw mode or tiltedly the vertical pulling mode directly connect driving, increase the tensioning compensation mechanism when adopting oblique vertical pulling mode to drive, compensation mechanism has adopted cam mechanism mode or other compensation way.
3. line driven type sunray tracking as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: set up when helioplant adopts oblique vertical pulling mode to drive to increasing the drive line bracing frame of the line strong point.
4. line driven type sunray tracking as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the mutual interlock of helioplant is followed the tracks of, and the line kinematic train combines with parallel connection by single busbar or the mutual series connection of double-bus mode or parallel connection or series connection.
5. line driven type sunray tracking as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: helioplant has adopted is convenient to the trishores that the pole axis mode follows the tracks of or the cantilever inclined shaft support of other supporting way, the eccentric rotational structure that cantilever inclined shaft and support junction adopt bearing pin to be connected, helioplant employing are directly installed on the double-axis tracking mode that uniaxiality tracking mode on the inclined shaft or employing have increased transverse axis.
6. line driven type sunray tracking as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: helioplant has increased the following feedback compensation system, and its topworks adopts nut-screw mechanism or adopts the displacement of two the transmission line ends of other device control line gear train on helioplant.
7. reflecting condensation method, tracker control catoptron is followed the tracks of light deflection, make reflection ray always be gathered in impact point, it is characterized in that: the follower of catoptron adopts angular bisector formula orienting reflex principle, it is followed the tracks of rocking bar and adopts the pole axis tracking mode, drive unit is followed the tracks of rocking bar by direct driving or is directly driven catoptron control catoptron position angle, and drive unit adopts line transmission mechanism or motor drive mechanism.
8. reflecting condensation method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that: follow the tracks of the equivalent mechanism that rocking bar adopts the parallel rod structure.
9. line driven type sunray tracking as claimed in claim 1, be used for skin tracking optically focused, it is characterized in that: follow the tracks of deflection by line transmission interlinked mechanism control disc holder or transverse axis support one dimension, the reflection mirror array on the support is pressed the one dimension tracking mode tracking Control of angular bisector formula orienting reflex mechanism.
10. as claim 7 or the described tracking reflecting condensation of claim 9 method, it is characterized in that: be used for solar concentrating photovoltaic, photovoltaic cell is installed in focal point position and positive orientating reflex light, in the cell module back veneer groove radiator liquid is housed, radiator liquid has adopted one of following radiating mode, (1) natural heat dissipation; (2) water-cooling; (3) natural recirculating type heat pipe heat radiation; (4) teletransmission heat pipe heat radiation; (5) air-conditioning reclaims heat.
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| CN201010549138.9 | 2010-11-18 | ||
| CN2010105553760A CN102073321A (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-23 | Line drive type linkage light ray tracing method and reflective concentration photovoltaic power generation thereof |
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| WO2020084047A1 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | Johann Czaloun | Rope/cable mechanism for pivoting at least one panel for photovoltaic modules |
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| CN112286236A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-29 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | Heliostat azimuth angle control device and method |
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