CN102054322A - Fire sensor and method for detecting fire - Google Patents

Fire sensor and method for detecting fire Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102054322A
CN102054322A CN2010105258346A CN201010525834A CN102054322A CN 102054322 A CN102054322 A CN 102054322A CN 2010105258346 A CN2010105258346 A CN 2010105258346A CN 201010525834 A CN201010525834 A CN 201010525834A CN 102054322 A CN102054322 A CN 102054322A
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fire
sensor
radiation
signal
subjected
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CN102054322B (en
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M·巴森
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/002—Generating a prealarm to the central station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

A fire sensor is disclosed for detecting fire in a monitored region. The fire sensor comprises: a chamber in fluid communication with the monitored region via at least one inlet; an internal detector assembly adapted to detect fire products within the chamber and to output a corresponding internal detection signal; an external detector assembly adapted to detect fire products outside the chamber in the monitored region and to output a corresponding external detection signal; a fluid transport device, adapted to draw a sample of the atmosphere from the monitored region into the chamber through the at least one inlet; and a controller adapted to activate the fluid transport device upon receipt of a trigger signal based on the external detection signal to thereby draw a sample of the atmosphere from the monitored region into the chamber for analysis by the internal detector assembly. Also provided is a corresponding fire detection system and method of detecting fire.

Description

Fire sensor and fire detection method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for fire sensor, fire detection system and detection of fires.Disclosed technology is specially adapted to low wide (low-profile) fire sensor, but also can be applied to the sensor unit of other types.
Background technology
Because the architect requires good aesthetic to be arranged and block straight line to the nothing of ceiling region, therefore use low wide fire alarm detecting device just more and more in being subjected to guarded region.In general, low wide detecting device is recessed in described ceiling or other surfaces, thereby makes the unit of finishing install with the remainder of ceiling basically with flushing.Therefore, use possible future of this type of detecting device and comprise such purposes, that is, need fire detection at the prison in the place of type and can not add and tie knots a little.
This low wide detecting device utilizes open optical scattering chamber to be used for detection of fires usually.This is included in radiation transmitter and the relevant detection device that is spaced apart from each other on the ceiling flat board in fact.Described radiation transmitter produces and the acutangulate radiation beam of described flat board, thereby can the described detecting device of direct irradiation.Under the situation of breaking out of fire, for example the fire product of smog and other suspended particulates (such as water vapor, chemicals and may also have oil) and so on rises and can block described radiation beam towards described detecting device, thereby cause scattering, described scattering is received by described detecting device.If the radiant quantity that is received by described detecting device exceeds certain threshold value then can trigger alarm.At US-A-6, an example of this open optical scattering chamber is disclosed in 515,589.
But the major issue of a fire detection aspect has been proposed for the use of the open chamber of utilizing described optical scattering principle, because, although taked the complicated precautionary measures, drop on the possibility that surround lighting on the described detecting device or steam, insect or any floating object trigger described detecting device and often still can cause (comparing with the fire sensor with sealing sensing chamber) to break down often or false alarm, this all causes owing to entering described surveyed area without restriction.Specifically, utilize that this method is extremely difficult to be realized highly sensitive sensor and keep acceptable to hang down False Alarm Rate simultaneously.Be necessary for this sensor in practice and be provided for the measure between natural fire product and other objects, distinguished.For instance, US-A-6,515,589 disclose some kinds of methods, comprise increasing the valid detector area, thereby described detecting device will still will be shone by smog fully only by the scattered portion irradiation from the item such as insect.A kind of technology of replacement relates to analyzes the duration that described signal takes place.Though these measures provide improvement to a certain degree, the occurrence frequency of following alarm still is higher than the traditional sensors with sealing sensing chamber.In addition, under the situation that for example is used for the prison environment, can walk around above-mentioned measure at an easy rate and the malice false alarm may take place repeatedly.
Another problem that runs into when using the open chamber sensor is, the fire detection standard requires smoke-detectors to comprise to enter protection (promptly entering limited chamber cap), enter described sensing chamber so that prevent object usually.Thereby these standards are not just stipulated not having the described open chamber sensor that enters protection.By special standard is possible, but this requires two detecting devices are provided in each protected field usually, and the use of described sensor is restricted to the market that described particular criteria will obtain accepting.
Be to use suction smoke-detectors (ASD) at a kind of alternative of using open chamber detecting device (it also allows low wide aesthetic feeling).This comprises a series of pipelines that usually are hidden in the ceiling panel back, wherein have one or more sampled points, being withdrawn into long-range fan box from the air that is subjected to guarded region, described long-range fan box filters described air and it is continued to be delivered to one or more smoke transducers by described sampled point.Utilize Returning pipe that waste gas is turned back to described protected field, perhaps alternatively it is discharged to the outside.Thereby cover bigger protection area if described pipeline has many sampled points, so this system may be relatively cheap and has a higher relatively power efficiency.But exist many sampled points can make the reference position that is very difficult to discern fire.In addition, employed smoke transducer must be very sensitive, and this is because any fire product all will be diluted between guarded region and the long-range fan box greatly described being subjected to.At last, ASD also is subject to by detecting smog and comes the sensing fire, this be because described dilution to make that gas and heat detect unreliable.In some cases, when needs are accurately located fire reliably, then can use several ASD, each ASD has single sampled point.
JP-A-2001-080592 and US-A-4,785,288 disclose the modification of the ASD notion that is implemented in the point sensor, wherein provide fan for smoke-detectors so that continue extracting air on described smoke-detectors.But this set only is only applicable to a limited number of application, wherein needs abundant power and can be used for a spot of sensor device.In addition, this configuration also locks into permanent fan noise (this may be unacceptable) and at the frequent maintenance requirement of described fan in residential environment.
Summary of the invention
According to the present invention, a kind of fire sensor that is subjected to the fire in the guarded region that is used to detect is provided, described fire sensor comprises: by at least one inlet and the described chamber that is subjected to guarded region to carry out fluid communication; The interior detectors assembly, it is suitable for detecting described indoor fire product and exports corresponding inner detection signal; The external detector assembly, it is suitable for detecting and describedly is subjected to the fire product that is in described outdoor in the guarded region and exports corresponding external detection signal; Conveying equipment for fluid substances, it is suitable for by described at least one inlet being drawn into described indoor from the described air sample of guarded region that is subjected to; And controller, it is suitable for activating described conveying equipment for fluid substances when the trigger pip that receives based on described external detection signal, thereby being drawn into described indoor so that analyze by described interior detectors assembly from the described air sample of guarded region that is subjected to.
Flow to the air (fluid) in the interior chamber that can carry out high accuracy analysis therein by using the external detector assembly to trigger, can obtain many remarkable advantages from the described guarded region that is subjected to.At first, be used to have the seedbed that air is drawn into fan or other equipment in the described sensing chamber owing to provide, therefore described chamber can be recessed in the described ceiling that is subjected to guarded region, thereby allows low wide aesthetic feeling.Relative therewith, traditional sensing chamber must be provided in the following outstanding certain distance of ceiling, so that stride across the stagnant boundary layer that next-door neighbour's ceiling exists.By fan is provided, although exist described boundary layer also still can guarantee to collect the fire product, and causes the fire product, thereby sense any fire quickly and accurately in described indoor quick accumulation in heights of ceilings.
It is important that come sensing to be subjected to the situation in the monitoring environment and trigger fan when detecting doubtful fire by external detector is set, described fan does not need to continue energising.On the contrary, have only when the fire indication that exists from described external detector and just air is sampled.The quantity of employed power can be significantly reduced like this, and the serviceable life and the maintenance period of described fan can be prolonged greatly.In addition, can provide traditional access protection device,, thereby satisfy authentication requesting such as net or filtrator or other restricted barriers for inlet (also have outlet if provide, this is because it is an additional inlet point) to described chamber.This is normally impossible under the situation of the auxiliary point sensor of fan, and this is will cause its regular obstruction because of the lasting air flow by described filtrator.But in this is provided with, be Event triggered owing to enter the air flow of described chamber, therefore in fact described net is not higher than the situation that does not have the traditional inner sensing chamber of fan sensor by the residue possibility of jamming.
At last; compare with described open chamber optical scattering method; the possibility that false alarm takes place reduces greatly, and this is because tested in inner sensing chamber from the air that is subjected to guarded region, thereby and described inner sensing chamber is protected the influence that is not subjected to such as surround lighting, insect etc. inherently.Therefore, the possibility that false alarm takes place is the same with the situation of the inner sensing chamber of tradition at least low and in fact be further reduced, and this is because only just generate alarm under described outside and interior detectors all sense the situation of fire product.
Can by the detected fire product of described fire sensor comprise any can detected fire phenomena.The common fire product that can be detected for instance, comprise smog, other suspended particulates, since the gas that burning produces (such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxides of nitrogen (NO x)), heat, flame and heat radiation (for example infrared).In the middle of described interior detectors assembly and the external detector assembly each can be configured to detect any or more kinds of described fire products, and the fire product that described intraware detected does not need the fire product that detected with described external module identical.
To Signal Processing by described inside and outside detector module output, can on described fire sensor self, implement, perhaps can in the teleprocessing unit that for example is included in the control panel, carry out, perhaps carry out by the combination in any of the two.Under the situation of back, described fire sensor will comprise that suitable communication port is to be used for to described control panel input and output data.But in a preferred embodiment, described fire sensor also comprises processor, and it is suitable for determining whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined trigger standard, and if satisfy then generate described trigger pip.If desired, described processor can integrate with described controller.By carrying out this processing by self, the described sensor independently cell operation of can working.If perhaps be used in intrasystem words, owing in the connection process of described fan, do not relate to teleprocessing, so the reaction time shortens.Thereby the bandwidth consumption on the network also obtains reduction.Described predetermined trigger standard will depend on the character of described external detector assembly.If the use single-sensor generates described trigger pip in the time of then can or entering or leave the predetermined value scope when the numerical value of described sensor signal is crossed over predetermined threshold.When having used when forming described external detector assembly more than a sensor, can combined evaluation from the signal of each sensor.In general, described predetermined trigger standard is corresponding to seeming the beginning that is subjected to the situation in the guarded region that shows that fire exists.
Advantageously, described fire sensor also comprises processor, it is suitable for assessing described inner detection signal and whether satisfies predetermined alarm criteria, if and satisfy then generate alarm signal, (preferably) if ungratified words then generate disables, the described controller described conveying equipment for fluid substances of stopping using thus.Similarly, if prefer, can this processing of long-range enforcement.As previously mentioned, find out whether satisfy the fire situation, greatly reduce the possibility of false alarm by using the interior detectors assembly.Described alarm signal such as the remote equipment of control panel or control center (for example can be output to, notify local fire department), and/or can be used to trigger and to listen and/or visible alarm, such as acoustical generator, it can form the part of described fire sensor or (for example being provided on the networked devices) can be provided separately.By the described conveying equipment for fluid substances of under the situation that does not detect the fire situation, stopping using, can optimize the life-span of described fan.Perhaps, the described controller described fan of can be at the fixed time stopping using automatically after the section.
As previously mentioned, any fire product can be used as the detection basis.Therefore, described interior detectors assembly preferably includes any in the middle of the following: the optical scattering sensor, it comprises the radiation transmitter that is configured to radiation beams and is disposed in radiation detector outside the described radiation beam path, wherein receives the radiation indication at described detecting device place owing to the fire product blocks the optical scattering that described radiation beam causes; Two angle optics scattering sensors, at least two radiation detectors that it comprises radiation transmitter and is configured to be received in the radiation of scattering under the angle that differs from one another perhaps comprise radiation detector and are provided under at least two radiation transmitters from the different angles to described detecting device radiation beams; Optical dimming degree sensor; Thermal sensor; Gas sensor, it is suitable for detecting one or more and plants gaseous state fire product, preferably carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or oxides of nitrogen (NO x); And/or ionization smog sensor.
Similarly, there is multiple option to can be used for described external detector assembly, it preferably includes any item in the middle of the following: at least one optical scattering sensor, it comprises and is configured at a predetermined angle from the radiation transmitter of described fire sensor radiation beams and is disposed in radiation detector outside the described radiation beam path, receives the radiation indication at described detecting device place owing to the fire product blocks the optical scattering that described radiation beam causes; Gas sensor, it is suitable for detecting one or more and plants gaseous state fire product, preferably carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or NO xFlame detector, it comprises and is suitable for receiving from thermal-radiating radiation detector that is subjected to the predetermined wavelength range in the guarded region and the processor that is suitable for detecting the flicker that shows flame in the received radiation; Thermal sensor and/or infrared radiation detection device.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, described external detector assembly comprises the first and second optical scattering sensors (respectively as the front is defined), the described first optical scattering sensor is configured to the first predetermined angular radiation beams, the described second optical scattering sensor is configured to the second predetermined angular radiation beams less than described first predetermined angular, thereby make and to compare that the farther smog product in the described first optical scattering sensor pair and described fire sensor interval is made a response with the described second optical scattering sensor.The described first and second optical scattering sensors can work under the substantially the same wavelength respectively or work under the isolated different wave length.By different scattering angles is provided, can expand the distance of detection of fires product.In addition, described sensor can be followed the tracks of the conveying of fire product towards ceiling effectively, and this is because the described first optical scattering sensor will be triggered before the second optical scattering sensor.By providing two scattering angles the also feasible sensitivity that might suitably regulate described external detector assembly at heights of ceilings.For instance, in the low-down zone of ceiling, the big monitoring distance of described sensor below will not expected, therefore can reduce described first (high angle) optical scattering sensor sensitivity or even it is turn-offed, to prevent owing to the activity in this room starts (tripping).Relative therewith, under the very high situation of ceiling, the risk that stratification (stratification) takes place for a distance below ceiling is higher, and the sensitivity that therefore can improve described first (high angle) scattering sensor detects fast guaranteeing.
Advantageously, described first or the radiation transmitter of the second optical scattering sensor be configured to partly shine the radiation detector of another optical scattering sensor, thereby under the situation that does not have the fire product, detect background radiation level.This background level provides the affirmation that is in the operation and is not distorted about described external detector assembly.For instance, if mopping on described optical scattering sensor element, then described detecting device will write down zero radiation.Therefore, can monitor described external detection signal, and if detected level drop on the expection background level with next generation fault-signal.Can or remotely implement this processing on described fire sensor self.
Described fluid delivery system can be taked and air and fire product can be drawn into described indoor any form from being subjected to guarded region.In the preferred embodiment, described conveying equipment for fluid substances comprises fan, pump or Hoover.
In case activate, described fan or other conveying equipment for fluid substances can one time periods of continuous working, perhaps till receiving disables.But in order to reduce power consumption and to prolong serviceable life of described fan, preferably pulse operation.Therefore advantageously, described controller also is suitable for intermittently activating described conveying equipment for fluid substances according to predetermined duty cycle after receiving trigger pip or alarm signal, wherein said predetermined duty cycle less than 50% low duty ratio, more preferably is about 25% preferably.Certainly, can remotely provide this control by control panel or similar device.
Preferably, after trigger pip, power continuously, up to the generation alarm signal or till process predetermined amount of time under the situation that does not generate alarm signal for described fan.So just guarantee that existing any fire product all is drawn in the described sensing chamber fast.In case after the generation alarm signal, described fan is preferably operated under low duty ratio, so that reduce power consumption and the information of making progress about fire is provided simultaneously.Pulse manipulatedly replenish or substitute as this, thereby the voltage that can reduce to be provided for described fan makes it turn round than under the low velocity, so that when still allowing to carry out fire hazard monitoring, reduce power.So just allow for any alert device (for example acoustical generator and strobe) that on the loop of power circuit identical, uses peak power is provided with described sensor.
After the described conveying equipment for fluid substances of stopping using, by described inlet, described chamber can perhaps can allow collected sample to return and be subjected to guarded region to external ventilation (for example arriving in the furred ceiling cavity or the outside).But preferably, for described chamber provides outlet, thereby make described air sample can escape into the described guarded region that is subjected to from described chamber, it is adjacent with described inlet that wherein said outlet is arranged to, thereby be subjected to the circulation that contiguous described fire sensor is set up air in the guarded region described when described conveying equipment for fluid substances activates.By in this manner collected air being exported back the described guarded region that is subjected to from described chamber, can set up air-flow, described air-flow causes mixing near the air of described fire sensor, thereby further help to overcome any stratification that had taken place already, and guarantee that existing any fire product all will enter described sensing chamber.Before the hot-air that comprises described fire product is reaching heights of ceilings, top out and when horizontal proliferation is opened on the contrary, stratification will take place.
In particularly advantageous example, described inlet comprises a plurality of entrances around described outlet, perhaps described outlet comprises around a plurality of exit points of described inlet (but this a kind of situation do not have the former preferred), thereby set up basically the circulation path of tubulose in the shape of a spiral near described fire sensor, described a plurality of inlets or exit point preferably are configured to form annulus.Realized special good mixing like this, and guaranteed around the described sensor and the fire product of below can be sampled.Should be noted that does not need to limit each inlet/outlet " point " by independent hole or passage--and for example one has the hole of shape to provide a plurality of inlet/outlet points (position) along its length.
The inside character of described chamber reduces inherently owing to object blocks the possibility that outside scattering angle causes false alarm.But in order further to strengthen this point and to guarantee that described sensor satisfies Current Standard, described fire sensor comprises also preferably and is configured to prevent that object from entering the protection of described chamber that described protection preferably includes filtrator or the net that is set on the described inlet.Also should on the described any outlet that is subjected to guarded region to be connected to described chamber, provide similar protection.
Preferably, described fire sensor also comprises pneumatic sensor, and it is suitable for detecting described indoor or described chamber and describedly moved by the fluid between the guarded region, and exports corresponding airflow signal.Can detect any type of pneumatic sensor that air moves and to be used to this purpose.For instance, can provide a pair of thermal resistor, one of them is heated, and another then keeps at ambient temperature.Air will cause described heated element cooling through described thermal resistor.Relative temperature between resulting described two elements changes the tolerance that described air-flow is provided.Can measure the temperature of described thermal resistor by the resistance of monitoring each described thermal resistor.
Described pneumatic detector can be used to check that described inlet (or outlet) does not block, thereby confirms the operation correctly of described sensor.Can when receiving trigger pip, (perhaps postpone through one section short thereafter) signal from described pneumatic detector is sampled, and use this signal to confirm that described sensor correctly is operated under the potential alarm conditions.But preferably, described fire sensor also comprises processor, thereby it is suitable for intermittently activating described conveying equipment for fluid substances to described controller output test signal every now and then, whether satisfy predetermined congestion condition so that determine corresponding airflow signal, and if satisfy then export block signal.By activating described fan, might detect air flow problems in early days with rule interval (no matter and trigger pip).Therefore, if exported block signal, then can service be provided and remove obstruction for described fire sensor.Preferably, described sensor can switch to fall-back mode, described processor further is adapted to thus, in case the block signal of receiving, just determine whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined open chamber alarm criteria that is different from described predetermined trigger standard, and if satisfy then generate alarm signal.In fact, when described obstruction existed, described fire sensor was as the open chamber detecting device.In order to reduce the possibility of false alarm, be applied to the standard that is used to discern the fire situation of described external detection signal, preferably there is not described predetermined trigger standard sensitive like that.That is to say, working in fall-back mode following time, for the generation of all same condition that will cause described fan to trigger under normal operation, described sensor not capital generates alarm signal: have only just to generate alarm when having the more clear evidence of fire.
As previously mentioned, described fire sensor particularly suitable is low wide sensor.But be not limited to this for described The Application of Technology, this is because traditional high wide sensor also will be benefited.Yet in a particularly preferred embodiment, described fire sensor is suitable for being installed to (preferred ceiling) on the surface that is subjected to guarded region, described fire sensor also comprises smooth basically flat board, it is suitable in use engaging described surface and places with it basically with flushing, and is disposed in described being subjected between guarded region and the described chamber.
In advantageous embodiments, described fire sensor also comprises acoustical generator, and it is piezo-electric acoustic generator preferably.Described acoustical generator can be configured to export the alarm song such as buzzing or steam whistle, perhaps exports speech message.Described acoustical generator can be controlled or remotely be controlled by the controller of himself.Described fire sensor can be alternatively or is additionally comprised strobe.
In another kind of implementation, fire sensor and loudspeaker assembly are provided, merge in the described fire sensor otherwise wherein described fire sensor is merged in the described loudspeaker or with described loudspeaker.Described loudspeaker can provide the addressable speakers on the power/data loop of fire detection system, and it is for example controlled by described control panel.In this example, described fire sensor should be the low wide fire sensor with flat outer surface.Though but fire sensor as described in preferably as the front is disclosed, disposing, this is not essential, on the contrary, can use traditional open chamber sensor.Have in use under the situation of conventional loudspeakers of acoustical generator cone, described external detection assembly preferably is provided in the extreme periphery of contiguous described cone on the outer rim of described unit.If inner sensing chamber, fan and internal sensor are provided, then these parts are preferably located in the rear or the side of described acoustical generator cone.Perhaps can merge to smooth loudspeaker in the ceiling flat board (or other flat surfaces) of described fire sensor.
The present invention also provides a kind of fire detection system, the control panel that it comprises at least one aforesaid fire sensor and is configured to communicate with described one or each fire sensor, wherein said control panel are suitable for monitoring the state of described or each fire sensor.Described control panel can be taked many forms, its scope from low-function (for example discern any described fire sensor simply and when report alarm signal) to the Advanced Control function, comprise previously described self treatment step some or all.Might observe several states that are subjected to guarded region (wherein each is corresponding to the fire sensor of correspondence) in single position by providing control panel to make.In preferred implementation, each described fire sensor comprises the address, thereby described control panel can identify the position of received any alarm signal.The position of described control panel can perhaps can be positioned at a distance near (for example inside-plant) one or more described fire sensor, for example is positioned at the control center place.Perhaps, local control panel can comprise and is used for the communicator that communicates with described control center.Can by any proper device implement between described control panel and the described fire sensor communicate by letter and described control panel and any described control center between communicate by letter, such as implementing by data line, data bus, PSTN, Intranet or internet or by wireless mode.Preferably use special-purpose secure communications links.
As previously mentioned, can on described fire sensor self, provide treating apparatus.But in a kind of preferred fire detection system, described control panel comprises processor, it is suitable for carrying out following operation for described one or each fire sensor: determine whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined trigger standard, if satisfy then generate described trigger pip; And/or assess described inner detection signal and whether satisfy predetermined alarm criteria, if satisfy then generate alarm signal, and if preferably ungratified words then generate disables, the described controller described conveying equipment for fluid substances of stopping using thus.By implementing this processing at described control panel place, self processing requirements of the fire sensor that each is independent significantly reduces.Generated described trigger pip if confirm described control panel, then this signal has been outputed to described sensor so that activate fan.
Similarly, when described fire detection system has merged the fire sensor that comprises (aforesaid) pneumatic sensor, described control panel preferably also comprises processor, it is suitable for carrying out following operation: thus intermittently activate described conveying equipment for fluid substances to described controller output test signal every now and then, whether satisfy predetermined congestion condition so that determine corresponding airflow signal, and if satisfy then export block signal; And, just determine whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined open chamber alarm criteria that is different from described predetermined trigger standard preferably in case receive block signal, and if satisfy then generate alarm signal.
Can export the alarm signal that the processor by described control panel (it also is known as CIE--" control and indicating equipment ") generates according to any desired mode, for example output to control center and/or alert device, described alert device for example is can be included in the described control panel or be provided at other local acoustical generators or visible alarm device in the described fire detection system.The typical control panel utilizes low-power buzzing, LED and/or display to indicate alarm.Alert device such as acoustical generator and strobe be usually located at (a plurality of) be subjected to guarded region around, itself and described control panel communicate and function more powerful.
Preferably, described one or each fire sensor are from described control panel loop power supply.That is to say that each fire sensor is drawn power supply (described control panel self then for example can by mains-supplied) from described control panel.Described power supply can utilize the circuit identical with data communication easily.Described fire sensor can be alternatively or additionally is equipped with independent power supply (such as battery), and it can serve as standby power supply when needed.
The present invention also provides a kind of foregoing fire sensor or fire detection system of utilizing to detect the method that is subjected to the fire in the guarded region.Described method comprises: utilize the external detector assembly to monitor the described fire product that is subjected to whether to exist in the guarded region, wherein said external detector assembly is suitable for exporting corresponding external detection signal; Determine that whether described external detection signal satisfies predetermined trigger criteria, if satisfy then generate trigger pip; In case conveying equipment for fluid substances appears just activating in trigger pip, thereby being drawn into indoor so that analyzed by the interior detectors assembly from the described air sample of guarded region that is subjected to, wherein said interior detectors assembly is suitable for detecting described indoor fire product and exports corresponding inner detection signal; Assess described inner detection signal and whether satisfy predetermined alarm criteria, if satisfy then generate alarm signal.As mentioned above, use the external detector assembly when obvious fire situation occurring, to generate trigger pip (this causes being subjected to the air in the guarded region to have the seedbed to sample in the interior chamber with described) and provide interior detectors to implement final analysis, solved many problems.
As previously mentioned, after activating, described fan or other conveying equipment for fluid substances can remain in operation time of one section setting.But in a kind of preferable methods, in described appraisal procedure,, then generate disables, the described conveying equipment for fluid substances of stopping using thus if described inner detection signal does not satisfy described predetermined alarm criteria.Preferably, when described conveying equipment for fluid substances is activated or after alarm signal, it is intermittently worked according to predetermined dutycycle.Preferably be lower than 50% low duty ratio, more preferably about 25%.
When described external detector assembly is provided under the situation that does not have the fire product when receiving the background level detection signal, described method is preferably further comprising the steps of: fall described background level at described external detection signal and generate fault-signal when following.Described fault-signal can be used to activate fault detector or request is described fire sensor service.
If described fire sensor comprises pneumatic sensor, then described method is preferably further comprising the steps of: intermittently to activate described conveying equipment for fluid substances every now and then, determine that whether corresponding airflow signal satisfies predetermined congestion condition, and if satisfy then export block signal.Described block signal can be used to trigger fault detector or request is described fire sensor service.Preferably, described method comprises fall-back mode, under described fall-back mode, in case the block signal of receiving, just determine whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined open chamber alarm criteria that is different from described predetermined trigger standard, and if satisfy then generate alarm signal.This just makes described fire sensor waiting the protection that provides in to be repaired to a certain degree.Compare with described predetermined trigger criteria, preferably, described predetermined open chamber alarm criteria is so not sensitive for potential fire product, so that reduce the generation of false alarm under described fall-back mode.
Description of drawings
Example according to fire sensor of the present invention, fire detection system and fire detection method is described below with reference to accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically shows first embodiment of fire sensor;
Fig. 2 shows the parts of second embodiment of the fire sensor that has for clarity sake decomposed;
Fig. 3 shows the fire sensor that is assembled to the Fig. 2 in the surface;
Fig. 4 shows the selected parts of the fire sensor of Fig. 2 in further detail;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of first embodiment of fire detection system;
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram of explanation related step in first embodiment of fire detection method;
Fig. 7 shows the process flow diagram of other steps that may relate in described fire detection method;
The process flow diagram of involved step when Fig. 8 shows fault on detecting described fire sensor;
Fig. 9 shows the process flow diagram of step involved when detecting the obstruction of described fire sensor; And
Figure 10 shows under working in fall-back mode so that the process flow diagram of involved step during detection of fires.
Embodiment
As previously mentioned, technology disclosed herein is particularly advantageously implemented with the form of low wide point type fire sensor, and therefore the description below will focus on this example.But will be appreciated that the equipment that will describe and method can be implemented in the fire sensor of installing according to traditional approach equally well below.
Fig. 1 shows first embodiment of fire sensor with main function components.Sensor 1 is disposed in and is subjected in the guarded region M or near it, and the wherein said guarded region M that is subjected to for example is room (the perhaps part in room) in the buildings.Described fire sensor 1 is installed on the described surface that is subjected to guarded region M usually; described surface is ceiling or near some or other horizontal surface of the described upstream that is subjected to guarded region, this is because the fire product such as smog can rise usually preferably.Fire sensor 1 comprises interior chamber 2, and it is configured to by entering the mouth 2a and preferably export 2b in addition and communicated by the air in the guarded region with described at least.In alternative embodiment, described entrance and exit can be combined into the form of single-port, and perhaps described outlet can be configured to opening to being different from the described a certain space that is subjected to guarded region (for example described buildings outside).Be provided for air is transported to equipment 3 in the described chamber 2 from the described guarded region that is subjected to.In the example of Fig. 1, described equipment 3 is disposed in the described access road 2a, but many other configurations also are possible.For instance, described equipment 3 can be positioned at described chamber 2 or be positioned at described outlet 2b.As a rule, described equipment 3 comprises that being configured to an air and fire product (if present) is drawn into fan in the described chamber 2 from the described guarded region M that is subjected to.But also can use pump or Hoover similarly.Solid arrow among Fig. 1 has shown that air passes in and out the general mobile of described chamber 2 when described fan 3 activates.
External detection assembly 4 is provided, and it is configured to sensing and is subjected to described whether (but in 2 outsides, described chamber) exist the fire product in the guarded region M.This is represented by dot-and-dash line that in the drawings it hints the visual field (but described detecting device needs not be optics) of described detector module.Described external detection assembly 4 can be configured to detect any desired fire product, and the type of selected sensor element will depend on the environment that this sensor will be worked.The fire product comprise any can detected fire phenomena.Typical example comprises that smog is with other suspended particulates, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and NO xAnd so on the existence of burning gases, heat, infrared radiation and flame from fire.Described external detector assembly can be monitored described zone at any or combination in the middle of the described fire product.In preferred implementation, as following will further describe like that, described external detector assembly 4 comprises at least one open chamber optical scattering sensor, it will be made a response to the smog or the approaching of suspended particulates that are produced by fire.As an alternative or supplement, described external detector assembly 4 can comprise one or more gas sensor (galvanochemistry, optics or other types), thermal detector, or infrared detector or flame detector and being used for discerned the processor of flicker of the indication flame of detected signal, wherein said thermal detector for example is thermal resistor (a preferably negative temperature coefficient thermistor), described infrared detector for example is the thermoelectric pickup that can detect known wavelength corresponding to fire (for example scorching hot flame can send the radiation of wavelength less than 1000nm), and the representative instance of described flame detector provides the detecting device that can receive the radiation in the suitable wave band (for example approximate 4.3 mum wavelengths with corresponding to typical hydrocarbon fire).The combination in any that the sensor can be provided is to constitute described external detector assembly 4.
Described inner sensing chamber 2 is equipped with interior detectors assembly 5 to be used for the fire product in the described chamber 2 of sensing.Similarly, described interior detectors assembly 5 can comprise any desired sensor type, such as optical scattering sensor and/or blur level sensor (obscurationsensor), two angle optics scattering sensors (will be further described below), gas sensor, traditional ionization smog sensor or its combination in any.The blur level sensor generally includes the radiation transmitter of aiming at radiation detector, thereby described detecting device can receive radiation under the situation that does not have the fire product.Along with smog or other suspended particulates between described transmitter and detecting device in described indoor accumulation, received light quantity can descend.Described blur level sensor is for black smog quite sensitive (this is because black smog meeting absorbing light).But the path between described transmitter and detecting device is (just may be this situation in point sensor) more in short-term, and the decline of received light quantity is also with less--the decline of signal level may be less than 0.1%.
In operation, except the situation that the periodicity that below will discuss is monitored, described fan 3 (and preferably described interior detectors assembly 5) does not activate acquiescently.Described external detector assembly 4 is used to continue the described fire product that is subjected in the guarded region of monitoring.Described interior detectors assembly 5 output signals (it is known as inner detection signal) are handled and itself and predetermined trigger standard are compared this signal, so that determine whether this signal shows the fire situation.The character of described predetermined trigger standard will depend on the type of sensor and the desired sensitivity of being arranged.For instance, when described external detector assembly 4 comprised one or more optical scattering sensor, described external detection signal will be corresponding to the radiant quantity that receives at one or more detecting devices place.Described predetermined trigger standard can be that detected radiation intensity increases to above certain threshold level, perhaps increases special ratios.Under the situation that the multiple sensors type is provided, from the output of each sensor type and another kind of combined evaluation so that judge the possibility of fire.If described predetermined trigger standard is met, then generate trigger pip.This processing can be implemented or can remotely implement on described sensor unit 1 self.In this example, comprise controller 6 in described sensor 1, it also has processing power.Here, described controller 6 also communicates by data connector 7 and remote system (will be further described below), if do not need so but described sensor is designed to separate unit.The appearance of trigger pip causes described controller 6 to activate described fan, thereby be drawn in the described chamber 2 by the air sample in the guarded region M described.If the un-activation still of described interior detectors assembly 5, then described trigger pip also is used to activate described internal sensor.
Therefore, air and fire product (if present) just are drawn in the described sensing chamber 2, and the level of any fire product all increases in described sensing chamber 2 fast owing to described fan 3.Described interior detectors assembly 5 outputs are called the signal of inner detection signal, this signal is used to by comparing to determine whether the fire situation exists with the alarm criteria of being scheduled to, and similarly described predetermined alarm criteria also will depend on the character that is included in the sensor in the described interior detectors assembly.For instance, when described interior detectors assembly 5 comprised the optical scattering sensor, described standard can be corresponding to the threshold level of detected signal.Similarly, under the situation that gas sensor is provided, if described output signal exceeds specified limit, then described standard just can be met.If a plurality of sensors are provided, then can the specified value combination.If described alarm criteria is met, then generate alarm signal.Similarly, this processing can be implemented on described sensor unit self, be implemented or remotely implemented by processor/controller 6.Described alarm signal can be used to start can be listened and/or visible alarm, and can additionally or alternatively be sent to the control center or the house owner according to expectation.
If described inner detection signal does not satisfy described predetermined alarm criteria, that is to say that described trigger pip is a false alarm, the preferably inactive described fan of then described controller.Perhaps described fan can be stopped using after one section setting-up time automatically.Compare with traditional open chamber design, by providing the fan of Event triggered to significantly reduce the generation of false alarm for inner sensing chamber.Because described fan is intermittently operation only, so power consumption minimizes and also prolong greatly the serviceable life of described fan.
Fig. 2 for the sake of clarity shows second embodiment of described fire sensor with the form of exploded view.Described sensor comprises three formants: smooth ceiling flat board 21, and its position in use flushes basically with the described ceiling of guarded region or other surfaces of being subjected to; The shell 25 that holds the functional part of described sensor, it in use is recessed in the described ceiling; And the assembly 27 that constitutes by support plate 28, wherein said functional part is installed on the described support plate 28.Described assembly 27 in use is positioned at described shell 25.In Fig. 2, the air path that described sensor is passed in solid arrow representative, wherein the arrow drawn of with dashed lines is in described sensor internal, and the arrow of drawing with solid line is then represented described and is subjected to moving in the guarded region.
In this example, described external detector assembly 14 comprises two optical scattering sensors.The parts that constitute described optical scattering sensor for the sake of clarity all are marked as 14.Further describe the operation of described optical scattering sensor below with reference to Fig. 3.When the signal from described optical scattering sensor 14 satisfied described predetermined trigger standard, fan 13 was activated.In this example, described fan 13 is centrifugal fans, and it has the central inlet 13a that is covered by net or filtrator 23a and air-flow is directed to described inner sensing chamber 12 interior peripheries exports 13b.Described output 13b also can be equipped with net or filtrator 23b.Described net 23a and 23b protect described interior chamber to enter to prevent the foreign body such as insect or spider.Net standard, coarse relatively or filtrator in most of the cases can be provided, the described net or the filtrator of height filtered version perhaps for example can be provided under the situation of the many especially dirt of environment.With reference to Fig. 4 described inner sensing chamber 12 and inner detection components 15 are described in further detail below.Assemble when complete when described sensor, finish described chamber 12 with shell 25.
After starting described fan, air is drawn in the described sensor by the circular inlet that is basically that is provided in the ceiling dull and stereotyped 21, and wherein said inlet is provided between the spider part 21a and peripheral disc portion 21b that connects by bridge 22.Can cover described inlet with another net or filtrator if desired enters to help prevent.Described air-flow passes the hole 26a that is provided in the described shell 25, and its central inlet point 13a position with described fan 13 is identical.After passing described chamber 12, described air communication is crossed the hole 26b that is provided in the described shell 25 and is left, and this hole 26b crosses described ceiling flat board 21 to described air communication and is delivered to central outlet point 12b, thereby returns the described guarded region that is subjected to.
Fig. 3 shows the on-the-spot sensor unit that assembles, and should be noted that to have only dull and stereotyped 21 as seen, and this is because the remainder of described sensor all is recessed in the described ceiling C.In this example, the rotation of described sensor and lock onto subsequently with the flat board 28 base (not shown) that are electrically connected on.This normally utilizes remover to keep a firm hand on and rotates that described sensor realizes.Can use other instrument to come described sensor locking is put in place, thereby it can not be dismantled with hand.In a kind of alternative, can provide handle (for example bigger air enters the hole) for ceiling flat board 21, rotate by hand so that allow.Circular installing ring 29 is fixed to described ceiling C so that described ceiling dull and stereotyped 21 engages.Should be noted that described ceiling dull and stereotyped 21 and the installation basically of described ceiling with flushing, do not tie knots a little and also have neat aesthetic feeling thereby can not provide.
Solid arrow illustrates the air flow path when described fan 13 activates.Air and fire product (if present) are drawn in the described sensor by described circular inlet 12a, and export by center output point 12b after by analysis.Consequently be in the circulation path of tubulose (ring-type) in the shape of a spiral basically of described sensor below.Can realize similar air-flow by providing around the isolated a plurality of ingates of described outlet.Perhaps can be with one or more outlets (it can form annulus) around central inlet, but this way is so not preferred, this is that the smog of approaching described sensor reaches described inlet because may hinder flatly like this, thereby can postpone detection time.The described of contiguous described sensor is subjected to the circulation of air meeting in the guarded region to cause mixing, and guarantee that existing any fire product (it is represented by the regional FP among Fig. 3) all will be by described sensor sample, even also be like this under the situation that stratification takes place.Shown helix circulation path is considered to provide especially efficiently and mixes.But also can implement other flow routes.For instance, may find that as shown in fig. 1 such single inlet that is provided with and single outlet also can provide enough mixing in specific environment.
Fig. 3 also shows the parts of described external detector assembly 14 in further detail.In this embodiment, described external detector assembly 14 comprises and is provided in two optical scattering sensors operating under the different angles.At US-A-6, the principle of operation of optical scattering sensor has been described in further detail in 515,589.Each optical scattering sensor comprises that in fact the radiation transmitter such as LED adds detector element, wherein said radiation transmitter is configured to become special angle ground to produce (preferably process collimates) radiation beam with described ceiling flat board, described detector element is configured to leave radiation beam, thereby makes will can or can not receive radiation fully hardly under normal condition.Can utilize any desired radiation wavelength, but infrared wavelength is preferred.Fire product such as smog and other suspended particulates blocks described radiation beam, thereby causes described radiation generation scattering, and this can enlarge markedly by the detected quantity of described photoelectric detector.The angle of described radiation beam is more little, takes place in order to make scattering, and the distance of described fire product and described sensor just must be near more.
Easily, the radiation detector of each optical scattering sensor forms the part of transimpedance amplifier, and its output is sampled by the ADC port of microcontroller.Described microcontroller has the software gain factor that can be used to calibrate described sensor.For instance, in manufacture process, can place described sensor (or identical sample) in the smoke wind tunnel (smoke tunnel), so as the sensitivity calibration of each optical sensor to the every dB/m of about 250 bits (1dB approximately is every meter of 20% blur level).Usually triggering/alarm levels is set to the less mark of 1dB/m.Decibel is the logarithm tolerance of power, and therefore decibel every meter (dB/m) is exactly the power attenuation on 1 meter.Utilize grey wooden smog to calibrate in this example.But do not need all scattering angle sensors are all carried out identical calibration, different suspended particulates can produce different sensitivity.
Two this optical scattering sensor 14a and 14b are provided in the present embodiment, and it has radiation transmitter 14a ', 14b ' such as LED and the corresponding radiation detector 14a such as photodiode respectively " and 14b ".In this embodiment, described transmitter and detecting device are provided with in pairs in the both sides of described outlet 12b, and each is to from a sensor.Other settings also are possible, but for below with the reason of describing, above-mentioned setting is particularly preferred.
The bundle angle [alpha] of the first optical scattering sensor 14a is greater than the bundle angle beta of the second optical scattering sensor.As shown in Figure 3, this means with the second optical scattering sensor 14b and compare that the first optical scattering sensor 14a will be triggered by the farther fire product FP of the described sensor of distance.Therefore by using described two different scattering angles to prolong the distance that can detect the fire product.Might follow the tracks of the conveying of described fire product (such as smog) towards described sensor in addition, this is because the first scattering sensor 14a will trigger before the second scattering sensor 14a.Certainly provide the described scattering sensor of arbitrary number so that further increase the scope of described tracking with different angles.In a preferred embodiment, described transmitter and detecting device are not closely collimated, thereby each scattering sensor is to monitoring certain distance scope.Each scattering sensor all comprises the photoelectric detector that produces 8 bits (256 ADC ranks) output.Along with described smog raises and blocks the more vast scale of the radiation beam of described scattering sensor, the level of described output will raise, thereby make that might follow the tracks of described smog strides across the mobile of described radiation beam (and towards described sensor).Particularly advantageous is that be arranged to by monitoring range overlapping, thereby obtains the unbroken guarded region that is subjected under the described sensor.
Above-mentioned way can also be utilized for described sensor a plurality of grade of sensitivities are provided, and can therefrom carry out suitable selection at the environment of being tested.For instance, under the situation of the very high sensitivity of needs, can become to make described predetermined trigger standard configuration trip (tripping) (be described detecting device 14a " output greater than the signal of certain threshold level) of described first-scattering angle degree 14a will cause generating trigger pip and activating described fan.If perhaps require lower sensitivity, then can triping the described second angle 14b as trigger criteria.Can regulate the sensitivity (or the rank of triping) of described two scattering sensors independently, and can be to the operational applications OR logical OR AND logic (that is, in described trigger criteria) of described fan.This point is combined with the way that is described inner sensing chamber selection adequate sensitivity, can be so that this sensor be specially adapted to multiple application.
Fig. 4 shows the internal part of described sensor in further detail.Similarly, the parts of described external detector assembly 14 are visible, and should be noted that pilot lamp 24 also is provided simultaneously, and it preferably is used to indicate the dichromatism or the three-color LED of the state of described sensor unit.
Described fan 13 preferably can produce the centrifugal fan of high static pressure, but also can utilize the fan of many other types.High static pressure is guaranteed air-flow driven effectively and is passed described chamber 2.Preferably (attorney docket: the mode described in the common pending trial european patent application of same Applicant RSJ10401EP) is provided with described centrifugal fan for " FireSensor and Method for Detecting Fire (fire sensor and be used for the method for detection of fires) " with the title submitted on the same day with the application, described mode can reduce the sensitivity of described internal optics detecting device to steam, thereby further reduces the possibility of false alarm.The content of the common pending trial european patent application of same Applicant is incorporated in this in full with for referencial use.
Described sensing chamber 12 is shaped as and holds the parts that constitute described interior detectors assembly 15.In this embodiment, described parts comprise gas sensor 15a in the crooked alcove that is accommodated in described chamber 12 and the two angle optics scattering sensors with parts 15b, 15c and 15d.Described gas sensor 15a is carbon monoxide detector preferably, but also can be at many other gases of fitness of environment ground sensing of being monitored.Can also suitably implement galvanochemistry, optics or other gas sensor types.For example can be from City Technology Limited (Portsmouth, UK) the suitable gas sensor of acquisition.At US-A-6, the principle of operation of two angle optics scattering sensors has been described in 218,950.In this example, for radiation transmitter 15b provides two radiation detector 15c and 15d, wherein first is provided in received radiation under the direct scattering angle (15c), and second is provided in received radiation under the backscattering angle (15d).Element 15b launches light beam, and this element can be LED or like, and it is preferably launched in infra-red range, and when having smog or suspended particulates in described chamber 12, described light beam is scattered.Direct scattering and backscattered quantity depend on the character of described indoor fire product, and the ratio of direct scattering signal and back-scattered signal can be used to judge whether to satisfy alarm condition.As US-A-6, it is particularly advantageous using described ratio described in 218,950, and this is because can further reduce the generation of false alarm.Should be noted that described pair of angle optics scattering sensor can alternatively comprise the tailored radiation detecting device and be configured to launch two radiation transmitters that form the radiation beam of two different angles with described detecting device, this is favourable aspect cost.In this case, one of them emitter pulse connected and obtain the reading at the first-scattering angle degree (it has the form of ADC output), subsequently another emitter pulse is connected and obtained reading at second scattering angle from described detecting device.Can handle described two readings according to the mode identical, so that infer whether satisfy the fire situation with the front.Processor that can be by described sensor self or remotely control the control of described optical element 15a, 15b and 15c.
Identical with described external optical scattering sensor, described (a plurality of) internal optics scattering sensor can be configured such that also described one or more photodiode forms the part of transimpedance amplifier, and is calibrated to the appropriate sensitivity rank according to identical mode.
By using fan to come that there is source sampling the surveillance area, can guarantee the fire product of around the described sensor and below is drawn in the described inner sensing chamber according to previously described mode.If there is natural fire, the fire product quantity that is then sensed in described sensing chamber can increase fast, thereby detects fire quickly and accurately.After receiving described trigger pip, can when implementing described internal analysis, switch on described fan a period of time continuously.If need to reduce power consumption (for example owing to triggered the several sensors in the system) in the period at this section, then can be at the described fan of this section time durations pulse operation.
In addition, in case confirm to exist after the fire, then preferably under the low duty ratio of about 25% (for example connected in 10 seconds, turn-offed in 30 seconds), intermittently operate described fan, thus can be by the described accumulation that is subjected to the fire in the guarded region of described inner sensing chamber's monitoring.
When being triggered, the speed of described fan can be reasonably lower, this is because described chamber and the described vicinity of guarded region M that is subjected to mean that in fact not needing time of delivery to enter the mouth along long air transmits described sample (just will need described time of delivery in traditional ASD), thereby means that the required average power of described fan minimizes.Therefore, described equipment is applicable to the loop power supply operation in battery-operated and the fire detector system, and is such as will be described below.
Because passing the air-flow of described chamber is Event triggered, therefore in fact described chamber or net 23a/23b can't be significantly higher than the sensor that does not have fan by the possibility that residue blocks.In general, in this design, can use standard smoke-detectors net, but also can provide the filtrator that highly filters to be used for more difficult situation with reasonably coarse structure.Similarly, because described fan is only by accidental triggering, prolonged the serviceable life of the filtrator that therefore this height filters greatly.
Just as already mentioned, another advantage of disclosed sensor configuration occurs in ceiling level place and occurs under the situation of thermal boundary.This situation may appear at clean, the refrigerant air dilution that smog raises from fire with hot gas and is extracted into plume.If ceiling is very high and the environment temperature in the zone, the top that protected space is interior is higher, the plume of then described smog and hot gas may reach environment temperature before arriving ceiling.Described plume will scatter before arriving ceiling subsequently, thereby form aerosol layer below described thermal boundary.This phenomenon is known as stratification, above this layer, described smog even described gas can't reach the concentration that the detecting device on the ceiling detects that is installed in that is enough to by traditional easily, up to final fire spread and discharge the heat that is enough to overcome described thermal boundary.If known high wide (high-profile) detecting device is installed in the expection stratification level place of ceiling below and stratification is not taken place, then detect and just may jeopardously be postponed, this is because narrower plume may miss described detecting device, and at ceiling level place, hot gas and smog then will flatly floating on ceiling (missing described sensing chamber).Relative therewith, by providing previously described external detector assembly to make it possible to monitor the relatively large zone of described sensor below.By described fan being arranged to owing to the less relatively change that detects less relatively smoke level or gas (such as CO) level triggers, described sensor in these cases early detection to go out the fire aspect be effective especially, the influence that can increase by the false alarm number simultaneously as the result who uses described inner sensing chamber.
Described fire sensor also comprises the some optional features that are used for the autodiagnosis fault or distort incident.Get back to Fig. 3, as mentioned before, described two open chamber optical scattering sensor 14a and 14b preferably be configured to one of them detecting device contiguous another transmitter and vice versa.In a preferred embodiment, described transmitter located adjacent one another and detecting device are positioned such that between the reception photodiode of the transmitter components of a sensor therein and another sensor radiation leakage (radiation bleed) take place.In other words, each described detecting device all continues to receive small amount of radiation." background " signal level serves as the minimum threshold corresponding to normal running accordingly.If one of them parts breaks down, then detected signal will drop to zero, and can generate fault-signal this moment.Identical mechanism also will be discerned covering or the mopping for sensor, describedly either way will intercept described background reading.
Not only periodically monitor the sensor in the described inner detection components, can also periodically monitor described fan and air-flow, this can realize by at interval described fan is connected a bit of time with rule on the basis of unusual low duty ratio.In order to monitor described air-flow, can provide as 16 pneumatic sensors that indicated among Fig. 2.Can obtain many suitable pneumatic detectors, in a kind of preferred implementation, described pneumatic detector 16 comprises a pair of thermal resistor, and wherein first be oneself's heating by flowing through electric current therein, and another then is not heated and keeps at ambient temperature.If there is air flow, then described heated thermal resistor will lose heat, and the change of the temperature difference between described two elements indication air velocity.Can monitor the temperature of each described element by the resistance of measuring described element.Also can alternatively use the pneumatic sensor of other types, such as impeller type transmitter (vane meter sensor) or diaphragm sensor.
Therefore, when described fan is switched on, can assess, whether satisfy congestion condition, determine that promptly whether detected air velocity is less than a setting level so that determine it to signal from described pneumatic sensor.If, then can export block signal, this signal can be used to require to safeguard.After can also under trigger event, activating described fan described pneumatic sensor signal is sampled, so that before making, confirm the operation correctly of described sensor about the decision that whether generates alarm signal.If do not detect obstruction, the state of then knowing described sensor is for operating.This has just provided the possibility that prolongs the time cycle between the spot sensor test, thereby the military order house owner is benefited greatly.Otherwise must regularly conduct interviews to guarantee that described sensor does not get clogged (block for example covered by polybag or by mopping), this is because can't infer this point only according to described inner detection signal.
Under the situation that has generated block signal, described sensor can operate under the fall-back mode alternatively, and under described fall-back mode, described external detection signal is used as the basis of the signal that gives the alarm.In other words, under described fall-back mode, described sensor is operated as the open chamber sensor, till it can be repaired.But for fear of a large amount of false alarms take place, be not to use described predetermined trigger standard to determine whether and to give the alarm, but described external detection signal is compared with the different predetermined alarm criteria that the predetermined trigger standard is so not sensitive as described, thereby make and compare with the fire evidence that causes generating trigger pip, need be before giving the alarm about the more obvious evidence of fire.
As previously mentioned, described fire sensor can be a separate unit, comprising the treating apparatus of himself and also have alarm output unit or other positioning indicators if desired, so that in the breaking out of fire situation or detect under the situation of fault and warn the user.For instance, indicator 24 can be used as fault detector, and can comprise acoustical generator in shell 25.But in many cases, described fire sensor will form the part of fire detection system, schematically describe an example of fire detection system in Fig. 5.In described fire detection system, provide one or more as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 the fire sensor of kind, wherein each all is configured to detect the fire that is subjected to accordingly in the guarded region M.Each described sensor all is configured to communicate with control panel 30 by any suitable communicator wired or wirelessly.Each described sensor unit preferably includes the coded address, thereby described control panel can be relevant with the physical location that is subjected to guarded region received signal.Can be chosen in treatment capacity of implementing at described control panel place and the treatment capacity of implementing at each sensor unit place according to expectation.Described control panel 30 comprises processor 31 usually at least, and it can be based on whether having exported the state that each described sensor element 20 is monitored in alarm signal.But in many cases, described processor 31 also will be carried out one or more previously described processing routine, and can be responsible for all described processing if desired, so just need not provide processing element in this locality.Described control panel 30 also will comprise user interface 32 usually, can be to described system input command, so that for example obtain the state of one or more described sensor or start foregoing test (such as the air-flow test) by described user interface 32.Described control panel 30 can also comprise and be used for the communicator 33 that communicates with remote control center that emerging for example being used to reported to the police to fire department at fire signal occurs on one or more described sensors 20 in the described Long-distance Control.Described control panel 30 can also comprise miscellaneous part as required, such as alarm unit and/or Visual Display panel.
As previously mentioned, the discontinuous use of the fan in each sensor unit and required low fan speed (approximately 4000rpm) mean that the required average power of each sensor unit is relatively low.Therefore, can be described sensor unit loop power supply from described control panel 30, described control panel 30 can hold a large amount of such sensors on its loop.The generation of fire signal will cause acoustical generator to start (itself or be on the described sensor self or elsewhere) usually, therefore this much bigger electric current of will using up is in case described control panel 30 can comprise for described intrasystem giving the alarm and just can activate the restriction of the number of sensors of its fan simultaneously.For instance, exemplary systems can be tackled 32 fire before bandwidth is used up.
With reference to the process flow diagram of Fig. 6 to 10 fire detection method that utilizes foregoing equipment is described below.
Fig. 6 shows key step involved in the process according to an embodiment detection of fires.From starting point A, in step S100, monitoring is by the external detection signal E of described external detector assembly output.In step S102, determine whether described external detection signal E satisfies described predetermined trigger standard.As previously mentioned, this standard will depend on the character of described external detector assembly and required sensitivity under each situation.For instance, the typical smog blur level level that will cause generating trigger pip can be about 0.1dB7m (every meter of ≈ 2% blur level).If do not satisfy described trigger criteria, then described flow process is returned the A point and is continued the described external detection signal E of monitoring.
If described external detection signal E satisfies described predetermined trigger standard really, then in step S104, activate described fan or other conveying equipment for fluid substances, so that air is drawn in the described inner sensing chamber from the described guarded region that is subjected to.If described interior detectors assembly requires to activate, then also start this activation.The described inner detection signal I of monitoring in step S106, and determine in step S108 whether described inner detection signal I satisfies predetermined alarm criteria.Similarly, this standard will depend on the character of described interior detectors.The typical smog blur level level that will cause generating alarm signal can be about 0.2dB/m (every meter of ≈ 4% blur level).If do not satisfy described standard, then draw the conclusion that does not have the fire situation, and the described fan of can in step S109, stopping using.Described system is return to origin A subsequently.
If described inner detection signal I satisfies described predetermined alarm criteria really, then in step S110, export alarm signal.Described output signal can be used to trigger the alarm unit such as acoustical generator or visual apparatus, and/or the notice remote control center.
After generating alarm, described fan can be deactivated or time of the one section setting of can remaining in operation.But preferably described method moves to as routine B depicted in figure 7.In step S 112, intermittently operate described fan under the low duty ratio about 25% (for example connected in 10 seconds, turn-offed in 30 seconds).The described interior detectors signal I of monitoring in step S114, and determine in step S116 whether described inner detection signal I satisfies described predetermined alarm criteria.If satisfy, this means that the fire situation is still obvious, then described system returns the B point to continue intermittent monitoring.This just makes described system can monitor around the accumulation of fire of described sensor, and if desired can also (when described inner detection signal satisfies " super fire " standard) identifies fire intensity and bring up to " super fire " rank.If described inner detection signal I no longer satisfies described alarm criteria, the described fan of then can stopping using.Can minimize employed power quantity like this by described system.Alternatively, before the described fan of stopping using, in step S117, purify described chamber by making described fan continue operation a period of time.This guarantees that described chamber only comprises cleaned air after fire.The final described fan of stopping using in step S118 subsequently.Described system returns its default position A subsequently, till the outside level of being monitored shows possible fire again.
Fig. 8 has described to be used to detect the routine C of the fault that influences described external detector assembly.This optional routine is moved concurrently with the main detection technique of having described before.In step S202, monitor described external detection signal E.In step S204, determine described external detection signal level whether at least with as the front about high the desired background level of radiation leakage between described two the optical scattering sensors of Fig. 3.If this shows the operation correctly of described external detection assembly, and described system returns the C point to continue described monitoring.If it is below horizontal that described external detection signal E drops on described expection, then in step S206, export fault-signal, described fault-signal shows the parts that can not operate or shows distorting described sensor.Described fault-signal can be used to light shown in Fig. 2 24 positioning indicator and/or communicate with remote equipment such as control panel 30 so that request is paid close attention to.Described system returns the C point, so that just cancel described fault-signal in case establish described background level again.
Fig. 9 shows the routine D that is used for detecting airway obstruction under the situation that pneumatic sensor is provided.In step S302, operate described fan.This can be initiated in the process of potential alarm conditions by previously described routine A or B.But preferably,, still intermittently test described fan at interval with rule no matter any trigger pip whether occurs.In step S304, monitor airflow signal A, and determine in step S306 whether described airflow signal A satisfies the obstruction standard from described pneumatic sensor.If do not satisfy, then think not have obstruction, and described system return the D point.If described airflow signal satisfies the obstruction standard really, then in step S308, export block signal.Described block signal can be used to request and safeguard or other services.But preferably, described system switches to as under the rollback operation pattern of being described in the routine E of Figure 10.In step S403, monitor described external detection signal E.In step S404, determine whether E satisfies predetermined external detecting device alarm criteria.This alarm criteria preferably is different from described predetermined trigger criteria, to avoid frequent false alarm.On the contrary, described alarm criteria is so not sensitive, thereby needs higher detection level to satisfy this standard.If do not satisfy described alarm criteria, then described routine is returned the E point, and continues the described external detection signal of monitoring.If described external detection signal E satisfies described alarm criteria really, then export alarm signal, and can use this alarm signal according to the mode identical with the alarm signal of in the step S110 of routine A, exporting.
As previously mentioned, fire alarm system generally includes the alert device such as acoustical generator or strobe (flashlamp), and itself and described sensor and/or control panel communicate so that at the occupant alarm of detected fire to the surveillance area.As for the replenishing or replacing of this equipment, sensor unit disclosed herein self can comprise integrated acoustical generator and/or strobe, it can be in case generate alarm signal and just activate.In one implementation, described acoustical generator can be taked the form of piezo-electric acoustic generator.
Can be alternatively previously described fire sensor be combined in the addressable speakers on the power/data loop that is provided at described fire alarm system.The mass ratio of the audio frequency output that loudspeaker produces utilize piezo-electric acoustic generator the situation that may reach much higher.If expectation utilizes piezo-electric acoustic generator output speech message, then must use the phrase prerecorded and the described phrase of repeat playback repeatedly so that its audience digest and understand said content.
Relative therewith, the quality of loudspeaker then makes speech message to be readily appreciated that, and only need send once (perhaps repeating minority several times to guarantee that described speech message is not missed).So allow to use on-the-spot (rather than prerecording) speech message.
Because described fire sensor can be designed to the gabarit that provides smooth basically, therefore it can be combined in the loudspeaker.For instance, the periphery that can center on the sounding centrum of described loudspeaker is provided with described outside sensing component and air intake, and described inner sensing chamber then is positioned at described loudspeaker rear.Utilize traditional open chamber to hang down wide fire sensor (promptly not having interior chamber) and also can realize similar configuration, still can't obtain the minimizing of benefit disclosed herein, particularly false alarm.
In a kind of replacement implementation, be not to use traditional loudspeaker assembly, can use smooth loudspeaker techniques, described smooth loudspeaker is merged in the ceiling flat board of described low wide sensor.

Claims (20)

1. one kind is used to detect the fire sensor that is subjected to the fire in the guarded region, and described fire sensor comprises:
By at least one inlet and the described chamber that is subjected to guarded region to carry out fluid communication;
The interior detectors assembly, it is suitable for detecting described indoor fire product and exports corresponding inner detection signal;
The external detector assembly, it is suitable for detecting and describedly is subjected to the fire product that is in described outdoor in the guarded region and exports corresponding external detection signal;
Conveying equipment for fluid substances, it is suitable for by described at least one inlet being drawn into described indoor from the described air sample of guarded region that is subjected to; And
Controller, in case its trigger pip that is suitable for receiving based on described external detection signal just activates described conveying equipment for fluid substances, thereby being drawn into described indoor so that analyze by described interior detectors assembly from the described air sample of guarded region that is subjected to.
2. according to the fire sensor of claim 1, also comprise processor, described processor is suitable for determining whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined trigger standard, and if satisfy then generate described trigger pip.
3. according to the fire sensor of claim 1 or claim 2, also comprise processor, described processor is suitable for assessing described inner detection signal and whether satisfies predetermined alarm criteria, if and satisfy then generate alarm signal, if and preferably ungratified words then generate disables, the described controller described conveying equipment for fluid substances of stopping using thus.
4. according to arbitrary the fire sensor in preceding claim, wherein, described interior detectors assembly comprises any in the middle of the following:
The optical scattering sensor, it comprises radiation transmitter and radiation detector, comprise the radiation transmitter that is configured to radiation beams and be disposed in radiation detector outside the described radiation beam path, wherein receive the radiation indication owing to the fire product blocks the optical scattering that described radiation beam causes at described detecting device place;
Two angle optics scattering sensors, at least two radiation detectors that comprise radiation transmitter and be configured to be received in the radiation of scattering under the angle that differs from one another perhaps comprise radiation detector and are provided under at least two radiation transmitters from the different angles to described detecting device radiation beams;
Optical dimming degree sensor;
Thermal sensor;
Gas sensor, it is suitable for detecting one or more and plants gaseous state fire product, and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or NO are preferably arranged xAnd/or
The ionization smog sensor.
5. according to arbitrary the fire sensor in preceding claim, wherein, described external detector assembly comprises any in the middle of the following:
At least one optical scattering sensor, it comprises and is configured at a predetermined angle from the radiation transmitter of described fire sensor radiation beams and is disposed in radiation detector outside the described radiation beam path, wherein receives the radiation indication at described detecting device place owing to the fire product blocks the optical scattering that described radiation beam causes;
Gas sensor, it is suitable for detecting one or more and plants gaseous state fire product, and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or NO are preferably arranged x
Flame detector, it comprises and is suitable for receiving the processor that is subjected to the thermal-radiating radiation detector of the predetermined wavelength range in the guarded region and is suitable for detecting the flicker of the indication flame in the received radiation from described;
Thermal sensor; And/or
The infrared radiation detection device.
6. according to the fire sensor of claim 5, wherein, described external detector assembly comprises respectively as the first and second optical scattering sensors defined in the claim 5, the described first optical scattering sensor is configured to the first predetermined angular radiation beams, the described second optical scattering sensor is configured to the second predetermined angular radiation beams less than described first predetermined angular, thereby make and to compare that the farther smog product in the described first optical scattering sensor pair and described fire sensor interval is made a response with the described second optical scattering sensor.
7. according to the fire sensor of claim 6, wherein, described first or the radiation transmitter of the second optical scattering sensor be configured to partly shine the radiation detector of another optical scattering sensor, thereby under the situation that does not have the fire product detection background radiation level.
8. according to arbitrary fire sensor in preceding claim, wherein, described controller also is suitable for just intermittently activating described conveying equipment for fluid substances according to predetermined duty cycle after receiving trigger pip or alarm signal, wherein said predetermined duty cycle less than 50% low duty ratio, more preferably is about 25% preferably.
9. according to arbitrary fire sensor in preceding claim, wherein, for described chamber provides outlet, thereby make described air sample can escape into the described guarded region that is subjected to from described chamber, it is adjacent with described inlet that wherein said outlet is arranged to, thereby when activating, described conveying equipment for fluid substances is subjected to the circulation that contiguous described fire sensor is set up air in the guarded region described, wherein preferably described inlet comprises a plurality of entrances around described outlet, perhaps described outlet comprises a plurality of exit points around described inlet, thereby contiguous described fire sensor is set up basically the circulation path of tubulose in the shape of a spiral, and wherein said a plurality of inlets or exit point preferably are configured to form annulus.
10. according to arbitrary the fire sensor in preceding claim, it also comprises pneumatic sensor, and described pneumatic sensor is suitable for detecting described indoor or described chamber and describedly moved by the fluid between the guarded region, and exports corresponding airflow signal.
11. fire sensor according to claim 10, it also comprises processor, thereby described processor is suitable for intermittently activating described conveying equipment for fluid substances to described controller output test signal every now and then, whether satisfy predetermined clogged conditions so that determine corresponding airflow signal, and if satisfy then export block signal.
12. fire sensor according to claim 11, wherein, in case also being suitable for receiving block signal, described processor just determines whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined open chamber alarm criteria that is different from described predetermined trigger standard, and if satisfy then generate alarm signal.
13. according to arbitrary fire sensor in preceding claim, it is suitable for being installed to the described surface that is subjected to the preferably ceiling of guarded region, described fire sensor also comprises smooth basically flat board, it is suitable in use engaging described surface and places with it basically with flushing, and is disposed in described being subjected between guarded region and the described chamber.
14. fire detection system, it comprises at least one according to arbitrary fire sensor in the middle of the claim 1 to 13 and be arranged for and described one or each fire sensor control of communication panel, and wherein said control panel is suitable for monitoring the state of described or each fire sensor.
15. according to the fire detection system of claim 14, wherein, described control panel comprises processor, this processor is suitable for for described one or the following operation of each fire sensor execution:
Determine whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined trigger standard, if satisfy then generate described trigger pip; And/or
Assess described inner detection signal and whether satisfy predetermined alarm criteria, if satisfy then generate alarm signal, and if preferably ungratified words then generate disables, the described controller described conveying equipment for fluid substances of stopping using thus.
16. according to the fire detection system of claim 14 or claim 15, when being subordinated at least claim 10, wherein said control panel also comprises processor, described processor is suitable for carrying out following operation:
Thereby intermittently activate described conveying equipment for fluid substances to described controller output test signal every now and then, whether satisfy predetermined congestion condition so that determine corresponding airflow signal, and if satisfy then export block signal; And
In case the block signal of receiving just determines whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined open chamber alarm criteria that is different from described predetermined trigger standard, and if satisfy then generate alarm signal.
17. a utilization detects the method that is subjected to the fire in the guarded region according to arbitrary fire sensor in the middle of the claim 1 to 13 or according to arbitrary fire detection system in the middle of the claim 14 to 16, described method comprises:
Utilize the external detector assembly to monitor the described fire product that is subjected to whether to exist in the guarded region, wherein said external detector assembly is suitable for exporting corresponding external detection signal;
Determine that whether described external detection signal satisfies predetermined trigger criteria, if satisfy then generate trigger pip;
In case conveying equipment for fluid substances appears just activating in trigger pip, thereby from the sample extraction of the described air that is subjected to guarded region to indoor so that analyze by the interior detectors assembly, wherein said interior detectors assembly is suitable for detecting described indoor fire product and exports corresponding inner detection signal;
Assess described inner detection signal and whether satisfy predetermined alarm criteria, if satisfy then generate alarm signal.
18. be subjected to the method for the fire in the guarded region, wherein, in described appraisal procedure,, then generate disables, the described conveying equipment for fluid substances of stopping using thus if described inner detection signal does not satisfy described predetermined alarm criteria according to the detection of claim 17.
19. be subjected to the method for the fire in the guarded region according to arbitrary detection in the middle of the claim 17 to 18, when being subordinated to claim 7, it is further comprising the steps of: fall described background level at described external detection signal and generate fault-signal when following.
20. arbitrary central detection is subjected to the method for the fire in the guarded region according to claim 17 to 19, when being subordinated to claim 10, it is further comprising the steps of:
Intermittently activate described conveying equipment for fluid substances every now and then, determine that whether corresponding airflow signal satisfies predetermined congestion condition, and if satisfy then export block signal; And preferably,
In case the block signal of receiving just determines whether described external detection signal satisfies the predetermined open chamber alarm criteria that is different from described predetermined trigger standard, and if satisfy then generate alarm signal.
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