CN102051555A - Heat-resistant aluminium alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a heat-resistant aluminium alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The heat-resistant aluminium alloy material has good performance; and the preparation method has the advantages of simple process and low production cost and is suitable for industrial production. Aluminium alloys are utilized as substrates for the heat-resistant aluminium alloy material, wherein metal wire clusters formed by copper wires and iron wires are distributed in the substrates; the diameter of the copper wires and diameter of the iron wires are 1-2mm; the diameter of the metal wire clusters is 10-15cm; the overall length of the iron wires in the material doubles that of the copper wires; and the copper wires and the iron wires account for 10-35% of the material by volume.

Description

A kind of heat-resistant aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and relates to a heat-resistant aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In the field of metal materials, heat-resistant aluminum alloys have been widely valued as heat-resistant materials.

Application No. CN200310109875.7 discloses a high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy of aluminum-copper-magnesium-silver alloyed with titanium element. It belongs to the field of high-performance structural materials. The specific components and weight percentages of the present invention are: Cu: 4-8, Mg: 0.4-1.0, Ag: 0.3-1.0, Mn: 0.3-0.6, Zr: 0.05-0.30, Ti: 0.05-1.1; the balance is Al . The application is to add titanium element to the existing aluminum-copper-magnesium-silver alloy, without changing the optimized design of the alloy composition already formed, but to use the effect of titanium to refine the original as-cast structure of the aluminum-copper-magnesium-silver alloy. The refined as-cast alloy is subjected to further deformation heat treatment and aging treatment in the artificial aging process to obtain a better structure and make its performance in the best state.

The comprehensive properties of heat resistance and strength of the above ordinary aluminum alloys are not high.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat-resistant aluminum alloy material with good performance to solve the above-mentioned technical defects.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, which has simple process, low production cost and is suitable for industrial production.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, the material is based on aluminum alloy, and a metal wire cluster formed by copper wire and iron wire is distributed in the base body. The diameters of the copper wire and iron wire used are both 1-2mm, and the diameter of the metal wire cluster is The overall length of the iron wire in the material is equivalent to twice that of the copper wire; the volume percentage of the two metal wires in the material is 10-35%;

The weight percentage of the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy matrix: Mg is 1-3%, Sr is 0.2%-0.5%, Si is 2%-5%, Pb is 1%-2%, Co is 0.01%-0.02% , Fe is 0.01% to 0.02%, La is 0.5% to 1%, Ho is 0.01% to 0.03%, and the rest is Al;

The copper wire is pure copper; the weight percentage of the chemical composition of the iron wire is: C is 0.05-0.09, Si is 0.2%-0.3%, Mn is 0.25-0.35%, P<0.02%, S<0.025%, and the rest is Fe.

Compound AlB2, NiAl3, Si3B and Ni3Sn particles are also distributed in the matrix.

A method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Preparation of tin-plated copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire: take copper wire with a diameter of 1-2mm and a composition of pure copper, and take a diameter of 1-2mm and a composition of weight percentage: C is 0.05-0.09 , Si is 0.2% to 0.3%, Mn is 0.25-0.35%, P<0.02%, S<0.025%, and the rest is iron wire of Fe. The volume percentage of the material is 10-35%; tin-plate the surface of the copper wire according to the conventional method, take half of the above-mentioned iron wire surface to be nickel-plated, and the other half of the iron wire surface is boronized; the thickness of the tin-plated layer on the copper wire surface is 50-100 microns; The thicknesses of the nickel-plated layer and the boronized layer on the surface of the iron wire are both 100-200 microns; the overall lengths of the corresponding tinned copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire are equivalent;

According to the conventional method of cleaning ball production, each of the above-mentioned tinned copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire takes one wire to form a spherical mixed three-wire wire group. The diameter of the metal wire group is 10-15cm. Put it into the lower mold cavity of the casting mold. The tightness of the metal wire cluster is determined by the volume percentage of the copper wire and iron wire in the material, so as to ensure that the metal wire cluster just fills the mold; after the arrangement is completed, cover the upper mold of the casting mold on On the lower mold, wait for the molten iron to be poured after the box is closed;

Preparation of aluminum alloy material matrix: by weight percentage, Mg is 1-3%, Sr is 0.2%-0.5%, Si is 2%-5%, Pb is 1%-2%, Co is 0.01%-0.02% , Fe is 0.01% to 0.02%, La is 0.5% to 1%, Ho is 0.01% to 0.03%, and the rest is Al for batching. The aluminum alloy is melted in an induction furnace, and the melting temperature is 720-750°C;

The above-mentioned aluminum alloy liquid is poured into a dry sand casting mold equipped with metal wire clusters; the alloy liquid surrounds nickel-plated iron wires and boronized iron wires, and then cools and solidifies to obtain a heat-resistant mold based on aluminum alloy with metal wire clusters distributed therein. Material.

The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with prior art are as follows:

1. The iron wire in the material of the present invention has considerable strength and high heat resistance. Copper wire and its coating Sn, iron wire and its coating Ni and B enter the liquid aluminum, and react with the elements in it to form special compounds of AlB2, Cu3Al, NiAl3, Fe3Al, Si3B, Ni3Sn, which are dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix, making the material The strength and heat resistance are significantly improved; the unmelted iron wire and copper wire are metallurgically combined with the aluminum alloy to strengthen and toughen the aluminum alloy.

2. La, Ho and Mg in the material can form compounds La3Al11 and Al3Ho in the matrix. The structure of the aluminum alloy has a significant refinement effect, and the distribution in the matrix helps to improve the heat resistance of the material. P and S in the material of the present invention are impurities, which are controlled within the allowable range.

3. The alloy material uses iron to replace part of the aluminum, the material cost is low, the preparation process is simple, the production cost is low, the performance of the produced alloy material is good, and it is very convenient for industrial production.

The properties of the alloy of the present invention are shown in Table 1.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure of the wire-reinforced heat-resistant aluminum alloy material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows that the combination of aluminum alloy and metal wire is good.

Detailed ways

The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and the weight percentages can be replaced by weight g, kg or other weight units. The following copper wires and iron wires are purchased from the market, and the coating is self-made.

Embodiment one:

Preparation of tinned copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire:

Take copper wires with a diameter of 1 mm and a composition of pure copper;

And take the iron wire with a diameter of 1mm and composition weight percentage: C is 0.05%, Si is 0.2%, Mn is 0.25%, P<0.02%, S<0.025%, and the rest is Fe; the overall length of the iron wire is equivalent Twice that of copper wire;

Tin-plate the surface of the copper wire according to the conventional method, take half of the surface of the iron wire to be nickel-plated, and the other half of the iron wire to be boronized; the thickness of the tin-plated layer on the surface of the copper wire is 50 microns; Both are 100 microns; the volume percentage of the control copper wire and iron wire in the material is 10%; the overall length of the corresponding tinned copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire is equivalent;

According to the conventional method of cleaning ball production, each of the above-mentioned tin-plated copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire takes one wire to form a spherical mixed three-wire wire group. The diameter of the wire group is 15cm. In the lower mold cavity of the casting mold, the degree of tightness of the metal wire cluster is determined by the volume percentage of the copper wire and iron wire in the material, so as to ensure that the metal wire cluster just fills the mold; after the arrangement is completed, cover the upper mold of the casting mold on the lower mold On, after closing the box, wait for the alloy liquid to be poured;

Preparation of aluminum alloy material matrix: Mg is 1%, Sr is 0.2%, Si is 2%, Pb is 1%, Co is 0.01%, Fe is 0.01%, La is 0.5%, Ho is 0.01% by weight %, the rest is Al for batching, the aluminum alloy is melted in an induction furnace, and the melting temperature is 730-740°C;

The above-mentioned aluminum alloy liquid is poured into a dry sand casting mold equipped with metal wire clusters; the alloy liquid surrounds nickel-plated iron wires and boronized iron wires, and then cools and solidifies to obtain a heat-resistant mold based on aluminum alloy with metal wire clusters distributed therein. Material.

Embodiment two:

Aluminum alloy material matrix composition by weight percentage: Mg is 3%, Sr is 0.5%, Si is 5%, Pb is 2%, Co is 0.02%, Fe is 0.02%, La is 1%, Ho is 0.03% , and the rest are Al.

The copper wire is pure copper. The weight percentage of iron wire components: C is 0.09%, Si is 0.3%, Mn is 0.35%, P<0.02%, S<0.025%, and the rest is Fe. The diameter of the two metal wires is 2mm, and the overall length of the iron wire is equivalent to twice that of the copper wire. The volume percentage of the two kinds of metal wires is controlled to be 35% of the material.

Tin-plate the surface of the copper wire according to the conventional method, take another half of the surface of the above-mentioned iron wire to be nickel-plated, and the surface of the other half of the iron wire is boronized; the thickness of the tin-plated layer on the surface of the copper wire is 100 microns; The thickness is 200 microns; the obtained tinned copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire have the same overall length; according to the conventional method of cleaning ball production, the three-wire metal wire group obtained by mixing the three metal wires, the metal wire The ball diameter is 10cm.

The preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

Embodiment three:

Aluminum alloy material matrix composition by weight percentage: Mg is 2%, Sr is 0.3%, Si is 3%, Pb is 1.5%, Co is 0.015%, Fe is 0.015%, La is 0.6%, Ho is 0.02% , and the rest are Al.

The copper wire is pure copper. The weight percentage of iron wire components: C is 0.07%, Si is 0.25%, Mn is 0.3%, P<0.02%, S <0.025%, and the rest is Fe.

The diameters of the iron wire and the copper wire are both 1.5mm, and the overall length of the iron wire is equivalent to twice that of the copper wire. The volume percentage of the two kinds of metal wires is controlled to be 19% of the material.

Tin-plate the surface of the copper wire according to the conventional method, take another half of the surface of the iron wire to be nickel-plated, and the other half of the iron wire to be boronized; the thickness of the tin-plated layer on the surface of the copper wire is 700 microns; The thickness is 150 microns; the overall length of the obtained tinned copper wire, nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire is the same; the three-wire metal wire group obtained by mixing the three metal wires according to the conventional method of cleaning ball production, the metal wire The ball diameter is 15cm.

The preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

Comparative example four: the example that raw material proportioning is not within the scope of the present invention

Aluminum alloy material matrix composition by weight percentage: Mg is 0.6%, Sr is 0.1%, Si is 1%, Pb is 0.5%, Co is 0.005%, Fe is 0.005%, La is 0.4%, Ho is 0.02% , and the rest is Al for batching.

The copper wire is pure copper. The weight percentage of iron wire components: C is 0.04%, Si is 0.1%, Mn is 0.2%, P<0.02%, S <0.025%, and the rest is Fe.

The diameter of the iron wire and the copper wire is 0.4mm, and the overall length of the iron wire is equivalent to twice that of the copper wire, and the volume percentage of the two kinds of metal wires is controlled to be 8% of the material.

The surface of the copper wire is not tinned. The surface of the iron wire is not nickel-plated or boronized. The three strands of metal wire (wherein two strands are iron wire, and one is iron wire) that the conventional method that cleaning ball is produced make the three strands of wire that mixes, and the diameter of wire is 15cm.

The preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

Comparative example five: the example that raw material proportioning is not within the scope of the present invention

Aluminum alloy material matrix composition by weight percentage: Mg is 4%, Sr is 0.6%, Si is 6%, Pb is 3%, Co is 0.04%, Fe is 0.04%, La is 2%, Ho is 0.04% , and the rest are Al.

The copper wire is pure copper. The weight percentage of iron wire components: C is 0.1%, Si is 0.4%, Mn is 0.4%, P<0.02%, S <0.025%, and the rest is Fe. The diameters of the iron wire and the copper wire are both 3 mm, and the overall length of the iron wire is equivalent to twice that of the copper wire. The volume percentage of the two metal wires is controlled to be 40% of the material.

Tin-plate the surface of the copper wire according to the conventional method, and another half of the above-mentioned iron wire is nickel-plated, and the other half is boronized; the thickness of the tin-plated layer on the surface of the copper wire is 120 microns; The thickness is 250 microns. The overall lengths of the obtained tinned copper wires, nickel-plated iron wires and boronized iron wires are equivalent; the three wires mixed with the three metal wires obtained by the conventional method of cleaning ball production have a diameter of 10 cm.

The preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

   Table 1

The increase of Mg, Sr, Si, Pb, Co, La, Fe, Ho in the aluminum alloy material of the present invention is beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloy; Alloy heat resistance. Some elements such as La and Ho are too much, resulting in waste of elements.

The composition of the iron wire is C, Si, Mn. Increasing the mechanical properties of the alloy is beneficial; too much weakens the heat resistance of the alloy.

The increase of the volume percentage of the metal wire is conducive to the improvement of the heat resistance of the material. But too much, the aluminum alloy matrix cannot cover the nickel-plated iron wire and boronized iron wire, and cracks appear in the matrix, which reduces the heat resistance of the material. Therefore, it affects the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Such as product 5.

The diameter of the metal wire is too thin and the surface area is too large, which is not conducive to the dissolution of the plating elements into the aluminum water. If the wire diameter is too thick, the distribution density in the aluminum alloy matrix will decrease, which is not conducive to the improvement of the overall heat resistance of the material.

Claims (3)

1. heat-resistant aluminium alloy material, this material is a matrix with the aluminium alloy, the wire group that in matrix, is distributing and forming by copper wire and iron wire, and the diameter of used copper wire and iron wire is 1-2mm, the diameter of wire group is 10-15cm, and the overall length of iron wire is equivalent to two times of copper wire in the material; The volume percent that two kinds of wires account for material altogether is 10-35%;

The following chemical components in percentage by weight of alloy matrix aluminum: Mg is 1-3%, and Sr is 0.2%～0.5%, and Si is 2%～5%, Pb is 1%～2%, and Co is 0.01%～0.02%, and Fe is 0.01%～0.02%, La is 0.5%～1%, and Ho is 0.01%～0.03%, and all the other are Al;

Copper wire is a fine copper; The following chemical components in percentage by weight of iron wire is: C is 0.05-0.09, and Si is 0.2%～0.3%, and Mn is 0.25-0.35%, P＜0.02%, and S＜0.025%, all the other are Fe.

2. heat-resistant aluminium alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also be distributed with compd A lB2, NiAl3, Si3B and Ni3Sn particle in the described matrix.

3. the preparation method of a heat-resistant aluminium alloy material, it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:

The preparation of tinned copper wire and nickel coated iron wire and boronising iron wire: cut-off is the copper wire of fine copper for 1-2mm, composition directly respectively, and cut-off is 0.05-0.09 for 1-2mm, composition weight percentage: C directly, Si is 0.2%～0.3%, Mn is 0.25-0.35%, P＜0.02%, S＜0.025%, all the other are the iron wire of Fe, the overall length of used iron wire is equivalent to two times of copper wire, and the volume percent that control copper wire and iron wire account for material is 10-35%;

At the copper wire electroplating surfaces with tin, get half above-mentioned iron wire plating nickel on surface according to a conventional method, second half iron wire surface boronizing is handled; The thickness of copper wire electroplating surfaces with tin layer is the 50-100 micron; Iron wire plating nickel on surface layer and boride layer thickness be the 100-200 micron; The corresponding tinned copper wire that obtains, nickel coated iron wire and boronising iron wire three overall length are suitable;

By the ordinary method of cleaning ball production above-mentioned tinned copper wire, nickel coated iron wire and boronising iron wire are respectively got a rhizoid and form three wire groups of globular mixing, wire group's diameter is 10-15cm, number of metal silk group is put into casting mold mo(u)ld bottom half die cavity, the tightness of wire group guarantees that by the volume percent decision that copper wire and iron wire account for material wire group just in time piles casting mold; After deploying, the mo(u)ld top half of casting mold is placed on the mo(u)ld bottom half, the molten iron cast is waited in the mould assembling back that finishes;

The preparation of aluminum alloy materials matrix: percentage composition Mg is 1-3% by weight, Sr is 0.2%～0.5%, Si is 2%～5%, and Pb is 1%～2%, and Co is 0.01%～0.02%, Fe is 0.01%～0.02%, La is 0.5%～1%, and Ho is 0.01%～0.03%, and all the other are prepared burden for Al, aluminium alloy melts in induction furnace, and temperature of fusion is 720-750 ℃;

Above-mentioned aluminum alloy melt is poured into the dry sand casting mold that wire group is housed; Alloy liquid surrounds nickel coated iron wire and boronising iron wire, cooled and solidified then, and obtaining with the aluminium alloy is the heat-stable material that wherein is distributed with wire group of base.

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