CN102037922B - 一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法 - Google Patents
一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102037922B CN102037922B CN 201010522743 CN201010522743A CN102037922B CN 102037922 B CN102037922 B CN 102037922B CN 201010522743 CN201010522743 CN 201010522743 CN 201010522743 A CN201010522743 A CN 201010522743A CN 102037922 B CN102037922 B CN 102037922B
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- water
- culturing pool
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- aquiculture
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明公开了一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法，包括从深井中抽水至山顶蓄水池，水在山顶蓄水池短暂贮存后流入净化池；经过净化处理去除重金属离子和颗粒物质后流入楼顶蓄水池；流入水产养殖车间的养殖池；所述养殖池内设置有高于养殖池水位的第一循环管和排污管；用低于养殖池水位的第二循环管替换所述第一循环管，养殖池中的水流入净化池，或拔掉排污管，排出废物残渣。采用本发明的处理方法，水资源可以经过多次循环利用，节约大量水资源，比传统养殖池水产养殖用水量节约10倍以上；设备便宜，操作简单，节省了大量的人力和物力。
Description
一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，具体地说，本发明涉及一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法。
背景技术
[0002] 水产养殖是农业生产的重要组成部分，在国民经济中发挥着重要的作用，在过去的五十年中得到了迅猛的发展。然而，随着养殖规模的不断扩大，疾病频发，产品质量低下等问题也日渐突出，并且因这种传统的养殖方式自身对环境、对水资源都会造成极大的破坏和浪费，再加上技术和资源的局限，大大限制了其发展。
[0003] 对于一套养殖系统而言，排水装置是否能够顺利将水排出，排污装置能否将养殖 池中大量的残饵粪便及鱼类的排泄物排出，对于保证系统的稳定、安全运行具有重要的作用。
[0004] 现有技术中的养殖系统的排水装置，有的虽然能够排水，但不能控制池内水位，有的不能有效的将养殖池中的各个水层的水都能同时排出；现有技术中的养殖系统的排污系统，有的采用人工虹吸的办法，费时费力，还对养殖动物产生一定的惊扰，有的所设计的装置操作起来极其不便，有的不能有效的将污染物全部排出，有时候甚至将部分养殖生物随同残饵粪便等一同排除，造成一定的经济损失。
[0005] 在这样的背景下，诞生了一种全新的养殖模式一高密度工厂化循环水养殖。高密度工厂化循环水养殖是通过人工控制各种环境因子，为养殖生物提供最佳的生长条件，从而实现全天候持续高产的一种养殖模式。具有用水量少，占地少，养殖密度高，环境条件可控，饵料利用率高，排污及病害少，产品质量高，不受外界气候条件限制等优点，越来越受到广泛的重视。然而，高密度工厂化循环水养殖技术所用的设备结构复杂，且整个过程中需要大量的阀门，还需要大量的人力去控制养殖条件，造成了人力和物力的浪费。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种新的操作简单的工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法。
[0007] 为实现上述目的，本发明采取了以下技术方案：
[0008] 一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法，包括以下步骤：
[0009] (I)从深井中抽水至山顶蓄水池，水在山顶蓄水池贮存后流入净化池；
[0010] (2)净化池中的水经净化处理后流入楼顶蓄水池；
[0011] (3)楼顶蓄水池中的水流入水产养殖车间的养殖池；所述养殖池内设置有高于养殖池水位的第一循环管和排污管；
[0012] (4)当所述养殖池的水质较好时，用低于养殖池水位的第二循环管替换步骤（3)中所述第一循环管，养殖池中的水流入步骤（2)所述的净化池；当所述养殖池的水质很差时，拔掉步骤⑶中所述排污管，排出废物残渣。[0013] 优选地，所述步骤（4)中的废物残渣排出后进入大塘，或进入沼气池进行生物发酵，以使废物残渣得到充分利用。
[0014] 优选地，所述步骤（3)中第一循环管和排污管外均设置有高于养殖池水位的清污管，所述清污管在靠近养殖池底部处设置有管孔。
[0015] 优选地，所述净化池中设置有微滤机、过滤网、过滤棉、活性炭和牡蛎中的一种或几种。
[0016] 优选地，综合考虑成本因素，所述步骤（2)中的楼顶蓄水池为4个。经过楼顶蓄水池中水体的不断活动和水中有关生物（藻类）的光和作用，必然会提高水中溶解氧的浓度。由于光和作用产生了氧气，但同时消耗了二氧化碳，根据平衡原理：
随着CO2的减少，平衡向左移动，H+不断消耗，水体pH上升。
[0017] 本发明工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法的工作原理为：
[0018] (I)净化池工作原理
[0019] 来自深井的水和养殖池循环管引进的水进入净化池。净化池内设有用来过滤的装置或物质，经过一层层的过滤、净化，水变得清澈。本来深水井水溶解氧不充足，重金属含量高，但是经过净化池处理和增氧等措施，完全可以适合水产养殖。水泵将处理好的水泵入净化池出水总管,流入楼顶蓄水池暂时贮存。
[0020] (2)养葙池的工作原理
[0021] 养殖池中间设有排污管和第一循环管，优选在排污管和第一循环管外均套设清污管。正常情况下，排污管和第一循环管的高度均高于养殖池的水位。当养殖池的水还能继续养殖时，进行循环处理，可人工用低于养殖池水面的第二循环管替换高于养殖池水面的第一循环管。这样养殖水和小于管孔直径的废物残渣都可以从管孔进入到清污管内，当清污管内水面高于第二循环管时，水和废物残渣便进入第二循环管，流入净化池，经过循环，使水得到充分利用，大量节省水资源。当养殖池内的水水质非常差时，拔掉排污管，养殖水和小于管孔直径的废物残渣由养殖池经过管孔进入清污管内，然后直接排入大塘或进入沼气池。排入大塘，和进入沼气池的水管有阀门控制，如果养殖水和废物残渣中含有较多的剩余饲料，可关闭进入沼气池的阀门，使得污水进入大塘，剩余的饲料可喂养大塘的鱼类。如果养殖水和废物残渣中含有较少的饲料，非常多的粪便，则可关闭进入大塘的阀门，使得养殖水和废物残渣进入沼气池，进行微生物发酵，使得废物残渣得到充分利用，同时不污染环境。
[0022] 与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
[0023] I.采用本发明的处理方法，水资源可以经过多次循环利用，节约大量水资源，比传统养殖池水产养殖用水量节约10倍以上；
[0024] 2.本发明的处理方法除了在废物残渣进入大塘或沼气池的管道上设置有阀门之夕卜，其他所有管道都不需要阀门，处理方法完全取决于循环管、排污管，与养殖池水面的高度差。因此，设备便宜，操作简单，节省了大量的人力和物力；
[0025] 3.采用本发明的处理方法，在养殖池产生的废物残渣可以经过发酵再次回收利用，节省了能源，且对环境无任何副作用。附图说明
[0026] 图I为本发明工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法的流程图；
[0027] 附图标记：1、深井；2、山顶蓄水池；3、净化池；4、净化池出水总管；5、楼顶蓄水池；
6、蓄水池出水总管；7、水产养殖车间；8、养殖池；9、第一循环管；10、排污管；11、清污管；12、大塘；13、沼气池。
具体实施方式
[0028] 以下结合附图和具体实施例来详细说明本发明。
[0029] 实施例I [0030] 请参阅图1，为本发明工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法的流程图。一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法包括以下步骤：
[0031] (I)用水泵从30米深的深井I中抽水进入山顶蓄水池2，水在山顶蓄水池2经过短暂的贮存后流入净化池3 ；
[0032] (2)净化池3中的水经过设置在其内的过滤网、过滤棉等过滤装置处理，去除水中的重金属离子和颗粒物质，将经过处理后的水用水泵经净化池出水总管4泵入到楼顶蓄水池5中，在该实施例中，楼顶蓄水池5的数量为4个，楼顶蓄水池的作用也为中介作用，水在其中经过短暂的储存；
[0033] (3)经楼顶蓄水池5的短暂储存后，水经楼顶蓄水池出水总管6流入水产养殖车间7的养殖池8 ；
[0034] 养殖池为旋涡式水泥池，四边是方形，底部呈锅底状，四周高，中间低，所有残饵粪便都可以因为向心力的作用从四周向中间集中。养殖池8底部设置有第一循环管9、排污管10和清污管11，其中清污管11设置在第一循环管9和排污管10外部，保护第一循环管9和排污管10不受损坏，并对养殖池8中的水起到过滤的作用，第一循环管9、排污管10和清污管11的高度均比养殖池8的水位高。
[0035] (4)用低于养殖池8水位的第二循环管（图中未示）替换步骤（3)中所述第一循环管9，养殖池8中的水流入净化池3，或拔掉步骤（3)中所述排污管10，废物残渣排入大塘或进入沼气池13发酵。
[0036] 清污管11为110联塑胶管，其靠近养殖池底的管上有很多管孔，管孔的直径比养殖池内的最小鱼或者鱼苗的直径小，因此可以有效防止逃鱼。养殖池8中的水从清污管11的管孔流入管内，由于管孔直径较小，可以允许较小泡沫和废物残渣（养殖池内废物残渣主要是，鱼和龟吃剩下的饲料和产生的粪便，经过长时间的溶解和分解，颗粒物质变得非常小，完全可以从管孔进入循环水管或者排污管进行处理。偶尔留下的大颗粒物质，可以经过人工洗刷池底的方法，予以去除，但是这种情况是很少的）进入。
[0037] 第一循环管9是75和排污管11均为联塑胶管。如图I所示，正常情况下，第一循环管9和排污管10的高度均高于养殖池8的水位。当养殖池8的水还能继续用于养殖时，进行循环处理，可人工用低于养殖池水面的第二循环管替换高于养殖池水面的第一循环管。这样养殖水和小于管孔直径的废物残渣都可以从管孔进入到清污管11内，当清污管11内水面高于第一循环管9时，水和废物残渣便进入第一循环管9，流入净化池3，经过循环，使水得到充分利用，大量节省水资源。[0038]当养殖池内的水质非常差时，拔掉排污管10，养殖水和小于管孔直径的废物残渣由养殖池8经过管孔进入清污管11内，然后直接排入大塘12或进入沼气池13。排入大塘12，和进入沼气池13的水管有阀门控制，如果养殖水和废物残渣中含有较多的剩余饲料，可关闭进入沼气池13的阀门，使得污水进入大塘12，剩余的饲料可喂养大塘12中的鱼类。如果养殖水和废物残渣中含有较少的饲料，非常多的粪便，则可关闭进入大塘12的阀门，使得养殖水和废物残渣进入沼气池13，进行微生物发酵，使得废物残渣得到充分利用，同时不污染环境。
[0039] 整个过程井水经过了不断的处理和循环，使水得到充分的利用，并且废物残渣也得到了恰当的处理，通过实施例I的循环水处理，用水量比传统养殖池水产养殖用水量节约10倍以上，且对环境无任何的副作用，并大大节省了人力和时间。·
Claims (5)
1. 一种工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤： (1)从深井中抽水至山顶蓄水池，水在山顶蓄水池贮存后流入净化池； (2)净化池中的水经净化处理后流入楼顶蓄水池； (3)楼顶蓄水池中的水流入水产养殖车间的养殖池；所述养殖池内设置有高于养殖池水位的第一循环管和排污管； (4)当所述养殖池的水质较好时，用低于养殖池水位的第二循环管替换步骤（3)中所述第一循环管，养殖池中的水流入步骤（2)所述的净化池；当所述养殖池的水质很差时，拔掉步骤⑶中所述排污管，排出废物残渣。
2.根据权利要求I所述的工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中的废物残渣排出后进入大塘，或进入沼气池进行生物发酵。
3.根据权利要求I所述的工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中第一循环管和排污管外均设置有高于养殖池水位的清污管，所述清污管在靠近养殖池底部处设置有管孔。
4.根据权利要求I所述的工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法，其特征在于，所述净化池中设置有微滤机、过滤网、过滤棉、活性炭和牡蛎中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求I所述的工厂化水产养殖循环水的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中的楼顶蓄水池为4个。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107188251A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-22 | 大连海洋大学 | 水产养殖及净化一体设备 |
| CN107188251B (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-12-31 | 大连海洋大学 | 水产养殖及净化一体设备 |
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