CN101985558B - 煤物质的分解设备 - Google Patents

煤物质的分解设备 Download PDF

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CN101985558B
CN101985558B CN2010102627866A CN201010262786A CN101985558B CN 101985558 B CN101985558 B CN 101985558B CN 2010102627866 A CN2010102627866 A CN 2010102627866A CN 201010262786 A CN201010262786 A CN 201010262786A CN 101985558 B CN101985558 B CN 101985558B
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coal
kiln body
flame
resolving device
kiln
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CN101985558A (zh
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朱书成
王希彬
黄祥云
曹国超
刘伟
李明德
李晓阳
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Henan Dragon into Coal Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Xixia Longcheng Special Material Co Ltd
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Priority to CN2010102627866A priority Critical patent/CN101985558B/zh
Priority to NZ601451A priority patent/NZ601451A/en
Priority to PL10856057T priority patent/PL2610324T3/pl
Priority to PCT/CN2010/077020 priority patent/WO2012022059A1/zh
Priority to UAA201208963A priority patent/UA105683C2/uk
Priority to BR112012019128-4A priority patent/BR112012019128B1/pt
Priority to EP10856057.4A priority patent/EP2610324B1/en
Priority to PT108560574T priority patent/PT2610324T/pt
Priority to US13/578,630 priority patent/US20120308951A1/en
Priority to JP2012549232A priority patent/JP5756814B2/ja
Priority to CA2787465A priority patent/CA2787465C/en
Priority to KR1020127019726A priority patent/KR101584122B1/ko
Priority to AU2010359254A priority patent/AU2010359254B2/en
Priority to EA201270667A priority patent/EA028446B1/ru
Priority to MX2012008726A priority patent/MX349063B/es
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B23/00—Other methods of heating coke ovens
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials

Abstract

本发明公开了一种煤物质的分解设备，包括一个带有进料口和出料口的密闭窑体，所述窑体内设置焰气管道加热机构，所述焰气管道加热机构与窑体内壁之间形成的煤物质推进分解通道，所述窑体上设置与煤物质推进分解通道连通的煤分解气收集管。由于本发明将焰气管道加热机构产生的大量的热传导、辐射到煤物质推进分解通道内的煤粉上，煤粉充分地吸收，煤粉升温分解，就在煤物质推进分离通道内分解成燃气、焦油气和热值较高的煤，燃气和焦油气通过所述煤分解气收集管与回转窑外的气体除尘液化机构连接，将分解到的燃气、焦油气收集、除尘、分离、加压液化。

Description

煤物质的分解设备
技术领域
本发明属于煤物质综合利用、节能减排技术领域，具体涉及一种煤物质的分解设备。
背景技术
在公知技术中，有利用煤制煤气的，有利用煤制天然气的，还有利用煤进行高温、中温、低温炼焦、制气的，但上述工艺方法不是将煤粉团成块的，就是要筛选块料，原料成本增加，或所产气热值不高，附加值不大，经济效益和社会效益不显著。炉的加热方式可分为外热式、内热式及内热外热混合式。外热式炉的加热介质与原料不直接接触，热量由炉壁传入；内热式炉的加热介质与原料直接接触，因加热介质的不同而有固体热载体法和气体热载体法两种。
内热式气体热载体法是工业上已采用的典型方法。此法采用气体热载体内热式垂直连续炉，即从上而下包括干燥段、分解段和冷却段三部分。煤低温分解褐煤或由褐煤压制成的型块(约25～60mm)由上而下移动，与燃烧气逆流直接接触受热。炉顶原料的含水量约15％时，在干燥段脱除水分至1.0％以下，逆流而上的约250℃热气体冷至80～100℃。干燥后原料在分解段被600～700℃不含氧的燃烧气加热至约500℃，发生热分解；热气体冷至约250℃，生成的半焦进入冷却段被冷气体冷却。半焦排出后进一步用水和空气冷却。从分解段逸出的挥发物经过冷凝、冷却等步骤，得到焦油和热解水。德国、美国、苏联、捷克斯洛伐克、新西兰和日本都曾建有此类炉型。
内热式固体热载体法是固体热载体内热式的典型方法。原料为褐煤、非粘结性煤、弱粘结性煤以及油页岩。20世纪50年代，在联邦德国多尔斯滕建有一套处理能力为10t/h煤的中间试验装置，使用的热载体是固体颗粒(小瓷球、砂子或半焦)。由于过程产品气体不含废气，因此后处理系统的设备尺寸较小，煤气热值较高，可达20.5～40.6MJ/m3。此法由于温差大，颗粒小，传热极快，因此具有很大的处理能力。所得液体产品较多、加工高挥发分煤时，产率可达30％。L-R法工艺流程煤低温分解是首先将初步预热的小块原料煤，同来自分离器的热半焦在混合器内混合，发生热分解作用。然后落入缓冲器内，停留一定时间，完成热分解。从缓冲器出来的半焦进入提升管底部，由热空气提送，同时在提升管中烧去其中的残碳，使温度升高，然后进入分离器内进行气固分离。半焦再返回混合器，如此循环。从混合器逸出的挥发物，经除尘、冷凝和冷却、回收油类，得到热值较高的煤气。
当前，常用的煤分解设备主要是有两种，有一种是竖窑结构，该结构燃烧烟气和煤产生的可燃性气体，使得可燃气的纯度低，附加值低，还有部分排出，造成资源的大量浪费和环境的污染。另一种立窑是煤块放置在带孔的隔板上，煤块上方有加热器，因隔板上的煤块有一定的堆积厚度，不能被均匀加热、分解，需要用被分解的气体循环加热、分解，更为重要的是，因为煤隔板上循环通气孔的大量存在，煤粉会从通气孔漏下来，所以煤粉需要进入立窑时先需要将煤粉加工成煤团，所以煤粉不能直接用于窑体分离，这就相应地增加了煤粉分解的成本，降低了经济效益。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述工艺及方法中存在的问题，提出了一种能直接将煤粉物质分离、提高其综合利用价值、节能减排，从而提高经济效益和社会效益的煤物质的分离方法及专用设备。
一种煤物质的分解设备，包括一个带有进料口和出料口的密闭窑体，所述窑体内设置焰气管道加热机构，所述焰气管道加热机构与窑体内壁之间形成的煤物质推进分解通道，所述窑体上设置与煤物质推进分解通道连通的煤分解气收集管。
所述窑体为横窑。
所述窑体为竖窑。
所述窑体为回转窑体，窑体内壁设置推进板。
所述焰气管道加热机构包括燃料供应管、空气供应管、燃烧室和焰气散热管。
所述焰气管道加热机构包括焰气散热管和燃烧室，所述燃烧室和设置在窑体外的燃料供应管、空气供应管连通。
所述焰气管道加热机构包括焰气散热管，所述焰气散热管和设置在窑体外的燃烧室、燃料供应管、空气供应管连接。
所述焰气散热管为多根平行密排管道。
所述焰气散热管为筒网状密排管道。
由于本发明将一种全新的加热方式带入粉煤分解领域，焰气管道加热机构产生的大量的热传导、辐射到煤物质推进分解通道内的煤粉上，煤粉充分地吸收，煤粉升温分解，就在煤物质推进分离通道内分解成燃气、焦油气和热值较高的煤，燃气和焦油气通过所述煤分解气收集管与回转窑外的气体除尘液化机构连接，将分解到的燃气、焦油气收集、除尘、分离、加压液化。焰气散热管为多根平行密排管道或者筒网状密排管道，可以将产生的热更充分的转移动煤粉上去。本发明将粉煤快速高效地分解分离，充分节约和利用了能源，大大地提高了煤资源的利用率和利用水平，将为整个社会带来了大量的经济效益和社会效益。
附图说明：
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：
图1是本发明的实施例一的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的实施例二的结构示意图。
图3是本发明的实施例二A-A向的结构示意图。
图4是本发明的实施例三的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
实施例一
如图1所示：一种煤物质的分解设备，包括一个带有进料口2和出料口3的密闭窑体1，窑体1为横窑，回转窑体，所述窑体1内设置焰气管道加热机构，所述焰气管道加热机构与窑体1内壁之间形成的煤物质推进分解通道4，所述窑体1上设置与煤物质推进分解通道4连通的煤分解气收集管5，窑体内壁设置推进板10。所述焰气管道加热机构包括焰气散热管6和燃烧室7，所述燃烧室7和设置在窑体1外的燃料供应管8、空气供应管9连通。燃料供应管8内的燃料和空气供应管9内的空气在燃烧室7混合燃烧，燃烧后产生的高温焰气进入焰气散热管6，焰气散热管6将热量传导到煤物质推进分解通道4内的煤粉上，煤粉充分地吸收，煤粉升温分解，就在煤物质推进分离通道4内分解成燃气、焦油气和热值较高的煤，燃气和焦油气通过所述煤分解气收集管5与回转窑外1的气体除尘液化机构连接，将分解到的燃气、焦油气收集、除尘、分离、加压液化。热值较高的煤通过出料口收集。
实施例二：
如图2、图3所示：一种煤物质的分解设备，包括一个带有进料口2和出料口3的密闭窑体1，窑体1为横窑，回转窑体，所述窑体1内设置焰气管道加热机构，所述焰气管道加热机构与窑体1内壁之间形成的煤物质推进分解通道4，所述窑体1上设置与煤物质推进分解通道4连通的煤分解气收集管5，窑体内壁设置推进板10。所述焰气管道加热机构包括焰气散热管6、燃烧室7和燃料供应管8、空气供应管9连通。焰气散热管为多根平行密排管道或者筒网状密排管道，可以将产生的热更充分的转移动煤粉上去。燃料供应管8内的燃料和空气供应管9内的空气在燃烧室7混合燃烧，燃烧后产生的高温焰气进入焰气散热管6，焰气散热管6将热量传导到煤物质推进分解通道4内的煤粉上，煤粉充分地吸收，煤粉升温分解，就在煤物质推进分离通道4内分解成燃气、焦油气和热值较高的煤，燃气和焦油气通过所述煤分解气收集管5与回转窑外1的气体除尘液化机构连接，将分解到的燃气、焦油气收集、除尘、分离、加压液化。热值较高的煤通过出料口收集。
实施例三：
如图4所示：一种煤物质的分解设备，包括一个带有进料口2和出料口3的密闭窑体1，窑体1为竖窑，所述窑体1内设置焰气管道加热机构，所述焰气管道加热机构与窑体1内壁之间形成的煤物质推进分解通道4，所述窑体1上设置与煤物质推进分解通道4连通的煤分解气收集管5，窑体内壁设置推进板10。所述焰气管道加热机构包括焰气散热管6，所述焰气散热管6和设置在窑体1外的燃烧室7、燃料供应管8、空气供应管9连接。焰气散热管为多根平行密排管道或者筒网状密排管道，可以将产生的热更充分的转移动煤粉上去。燃料供应管8内的燃料和空气供应管9内的空气在燃烧室7混合燃烧，燃烧后产生的高温焰气进入焰气散热管6，焰气散热管6将热量传导到煤物质推进分解通道4内的煤粉上，煤粉充分地吸收，煤粉升温分解，就在煤物质推进分离通道4内分解成燃气、焦油气和热值较高的煤，燃气和焦油气通过所述煤分解气收集管5与回转窑外1的气体除尘液化机构连接。

Claims (10)

1.一种煤物质的分解设备，包括一个带有进料口和出料口的密闭窑体，其特征在于：所述窑体内设置焰气管道加热机构，所述焰气管道加热机构与窑体内壁之间形成的煤物质推进分解通道，所述窑体上设置与煤物质推进分解通道连通的煤分解气收集管。
2.如权利要求1所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述窑体为横窑。
3.如权利要求1所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述窑体为竖窑。
4.如权利要求1所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述窑体为回转窑体，窑体内壁设置推进板。
5.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述焰气管道加热机构包括燃料供应管、空气供应管、燃烧室和焰气散热管。
6.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述焰气管道加热机构包括焰气散热管和燃烧室，所述燃烧室和设置在窑体外的燃料供应管、空气供应管连通。
7.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述焰气管道加热机构包括焰气散热管，所述焰气散热管和设置在窑体外的燃烧室、燃料供应管、空气供应管连接。
8.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述焰气散热管为多根平行密排管道。
9.如权利要求5所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述焰气散热管为多根平行密排管道。
10.如权利要求1、2或3所述的煤物质的分解设备，其特征在于：所述焰气散热管为筒网状密排管道。
CN2010102627866A 2010-08-19 2010-08-19 煤物质的分解设备 Ceased CN101985558B (zh)

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CN2010102627866A CN101985558B (zh) 2010-08-19 2010-08-19 煤物质的分解设备
CA2787465A CA2787465C (en) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Coal decomposition equipment
AU2010359254A AU2010359254B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Coal decomposition equipment
PCT/CN2010/077020 WO2012022059A1 (zh) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 煤物质的分解设备
UAA201208963A UA105683C2 (uk) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Устаткування для розкладання вугілля
BR112012019128-4A BR112012019128B1 (pt) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Aparelho para decomposição de carvão
EP10856057.4A EP2610324B1 (en) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Apparatus for pyrolysis of coal substance
PT108560574T PT2610324T (pt) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Aparelho para pirólise de substância de carvão
US13/578,630 US20120308951A1 (en) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Coal decomposition equipment
JP2012549232A JP5756814B2 (ja) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 石炭物質の分解設備
NZ601451A NZ601451A (en) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Coal decomposition equipment
KR1020127019726A KR101584122B1 (ko) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 분탄 분해 장치
PL10856057T PL2610324T3 (pl) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Urządzenie do rozkładu węgla
EA201270667A EA028446B1 (ru) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Устройство разложения угля
MX2012008726A MX349063B (es) 2010-08-19 2010-09-17 Equipo para la descomposición de hulla.
ZA2012/05286A ZA201205286B (en) 2010-08-19 2012-07-17 Coal decomposition equipment
CL2012002353A CL2012002353A1 (es) 2010-08-19 2012-08-24 Equipo para la descomposicion de hulla, que comprende un cuerpo de horno estanco al aire, con una entrada y una salida, donde esta instalada una instalacion de calentamiento de la tuberia de gas de llama en el cuerpo del horno y esta formado un canal para impulsar y descomponer la hulla.
CO13018585A CO6670541A2 (es) 2010-08-19 2013-01-31 Equipo para la descomposción de hulla

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