The outer p-m rotor synchronous machine of the wedge shape stator core of circumferential phase shift axial segmentation
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of motor, particularly a kind of have the axial segmentation formula phase shift not having coupling stator winding and wedge shape iron core and have an axial non-uniform gap p-m rotor synchronous machine outward.
Background technology
Existing variable frequency speed-adjusting permanent magnet synchronous machine, its iron core generally adopt silicon steel sheet as magnetic circuit, and when the high frequency powered operation, iron loss (magnetic hysteresis loss and eddy current loss) can sharply increase, and motor performance can descend greatly; Its winding mostly is conventional three-phase symmetrical alternating current short distance distributed winding greatly, not only the utilance of winding is low, and inevitable existence intercouples between the threephase armature winding, so not only can produce the alternate coupling electromotive force that motor is exerted oneself and do not contributed, thereby reduce the torque density of motor and exert oneself, and this coupling has brought very big trouble and difficulty for the alternate decoupling zero variable frequency regulating speed control of motor; From the angle of motor manufacturing, silicon sheet core jet-bedding and closed assembly process complexity, mold tooling and cost of labor are higher, the short distance distributed winding of armature not only needs good phase insulation, and coiling and rule process complexity, so the manufacture process of motor trouble, cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of axial segmentation formula phase shift not having coupling stator winding and wedge shape iron core and have axial non-uniform gap p-m rotor synchronous machine outward that has.Compare with existing variable frequency speed-adjusting permanent magnet synchronous machine, this kind motor not only manufacturing cost is lower, and has bigger torque density and better runnability when high frequency power supply high-speed cruising.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The outer p-m rotor synchronous machine of the wedge shape stator core of circumferential phase shift axial segmentation, it is characterized in that: stator axis one end of described motor is installed left end cap, between left end cap and the stator axis left bearing is installed, the stator axis other end is equipped with right end cap, between right end cap and the stator axis right bearing is installed; The stator axis mid portion radially is equipped with stator core and external rotor from inside to outside successively, and stator concentrates winding to be positioned at stator core inside, and uniform winding is on stator axis, and concentrates winding connection to draw stator by wiring hole; The external rotor two ends connect left end cap and right end cap respectively by bolt, and the external rotor inner surface is equipped with permanent magnet, and motor fixes on the ground by the support arm that is installed on the stator axis, and the support arm bearing is installed between stator axis and the support arm.
Described permanent magnet is fixedly mounted on the external rotor by the magnet steel fixing steel plate.
Described stator core is single hop, two sections or multi-segment structure.
Described stator core both sides are equipped with the stop back-up ring.
Between described stator core and the stator axis flat key is installed.
Described single hop stator core is made up of two stator yokes, the collar plate shape yoke that every stator yoke is made by soft-magnetic composite material with form along circumferentially being distributed in the wedge type magnetic pole that the soft-magnetic composite material on the collar plate shape yoke makes, wedge-shaped poles front end width the narrowest and with the external rotor inner surface along stator axis vertical range minimum radially, axially increase gradually and also progressive additive of thickness from wedge-shaped poles front end edge stator axis to the wedge-shaped poles width of collar plate shape yoke, wedge-shaped poles and external rotor along stator axis radially vertical range increase gradually, the wedge-shaped poles of two stator yokes circumferentially staggered mutually relatively and along the collar plate shape yoke assembly the stator core of the similar cake type of shape, the wedge-shaped poles of two stator yokes alternately evenly distributes at collar plate shape yoke circumferencial direction, promptly constitutes along the axial non-uniform gap structure of stator axis.
The quantity of described wedge-shaped poles equal stator core the quantity of permanent magnet on the corresponding external rotor.
The motor that obtains by technical scheme of the present invention because of having adopted special construction outward, obtained beyond thought special-effect, be mainly reflected in: the characteristics of soft-magnetic composite material that its magnetic flux path adopts have determined the operation meeting under high-frequency high-speed of this kind motor to have lower loss and better runnability than the conventional AC synchronous machine that adopts silicon steel sheet; The axial non-uniform gap structure that proposes makes permeability magnetic material and motor windings in this kind motor be utilized the sineization that also helps counter potential waveform more fully; The combination of internal stator and outer p-m rotor and do not have coupling and concentrate the employing of winding to make this kind motor have bigger torque density and power density, and realized thoroughly that from motor itself the alternate decoupling zero that conventional motor is difficult to realize controls; The electric machine structure of concentrated winding and axial segmentation formula makes the manufacturing of this kind motor be more prone to and makes things convenient for.
The outer p-m rotor synchronous machine of the wedge-shaped poles iron core of novel circumferential phase shift axial segmentation has following characteristics: not only make easily on the structure multipole, and have simple in structure, brushless advantage such as reliable; Winding constitutes simple and convenient, is convenient to be designed to heterogeneous structure; Design freedom is big, can freely change magnetic circuit size and coil window size as required; No end winding makes the utilance of motor copper significantly improve, and copper loss reduces significantly, and concentrated winding also can reduce the volume of motor; Except that radial magnetic field, also have axial magnetic field in the motor, be distributed in three dimensions with conventional motor; Stator winding each mutually between not directly coupling, be convenient to realize decoupling zero control, and help improving that motor is exerted oneself and torque density; The stator core material is special, adopted suitable three-dimensional alternating magnetic field to circulate, be easy to be processed into the novel soft-magnetic composite material SMC of complicated shape, because the powder properties of this material, formed the isotropism of magnetic, eddy current loss under high frequency is less relatively, be core loss under the high frequency far below silicon steel sheet, therefore operation helps improving efficiency of motor under high-frequency high-speed.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the electric machine structure schematic diagram when adopting three sections stator cores;
Fig. 2 launches schematic diagram for the single hop stator core;
Fig. 3 is for adopting the rotor permanent magnet dislocation assembling schematic diagram of three sections stator cores;
Fig. 4 is a syllogic stator structure schematic diagram;
Description of reference numerals:
1. permanent magnet; 2. external rotor; 3. stator core; 4. bolt; 5. left end cap; 6. left bearing; 7. stator axis; 8. stop back-up ring; 9. flat key; 10. stator is concentrated winding; 11. magnet steel fixing steel plate; 12. support arm bearing; 13. right end cap; 14. right bearing; 15. wedge-shaped poles; 16. collar plate shape stator yoke; 17. N utmost point permanent magnet; 18. S utmost point permanent magnet.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is specifically described:
Fig. 1 is the electric machine structure schematic diagram when adopting three sections stator cores, as shown in the figure, stator axis 7 one ends are installed left end cap 5, between left end cap 5 and the stator axis 7 left bearing 6 are installed, stator axis 7 other ends are equipped with right end cap 13, between right end cap 13 and the stator axis 7 right bearing 14 are installed; Stator axis 7 mid portions radially are equipped with stator core 3 and external rotor 2 from inside to outside successively, and stator concentrates winding 10 to be positioned at stator core 3 inside, and uniform winding is on stator axis 7, and concentrate winding 10 wiring to draw stator by wiring hole; Stator core 3 both sides are equipped with stop back-up ring 8, between stator core 3 and the stator axis 7 flat key 9 are installed; External rotor 2 two ends connect left end cap 5 and right end cap 13 respectively by bolt 4, permanent magnet 1 is fixedly mounted on the external rotor 2 by magnet steel fixing steel plate 11, motor fixes on the ground by the support arm that is installed on the stator axis 7, and support arm bearing 12 is installed between stator axis 7 and the support arm.
Fig. 2 launches schematic diagram for the single hop stator core, as shown in the figure, single hop stator core 3 is made up of two stator yokes, the collar plate shape yoke 16 that every stator yoke is made by soft-magnetic composite material with form along circumferentially being distributed in the wedge type magnetic pole 15 that the soft-magnetic composite material on the collar plate shape yoke 16 makes.Wedge-shaped poles 15 front end width the narrowest and with external rotor 2 inner surfaces along stator axis 7 vertical range minimum radially, axially increase gradually and also progressive additive of thickness from wedge-shaped poles 15 front end edge stator axis 7 to wedge-shaped poles 15 width of collar plate shape yoke 16, wedge-shaped poles 15 and external rotor 2 along stator axis 7 radially vertical range increase gradually, the wedge-shaped poles 15 of two stator yokes is assemblied the stator core 3 of the similar cake type of shape relatively and along 16 circumferential staggering mutually of collar plate shape yoke, the wedge-shaped poles 15 of two stator yokes alternately evenly distributes at collar plate shape yoke 16 circumferencial directions, promptly constitutes along the axial non-uniform gap structure of stator axis 7.
Above-mentioned wedge-shaped poles structure can guarantee that adjacent wedge type magnetic pole opposite face is parallel and the gap is identical.Because the width of wedge-shaped poles 15 gradually changes, make wedge-shaped poles 15 gradually change along the area in the axial magnetic conduction cross section of stator axis 7, thereby make the also respective change of magnetic resistance of diverse location, and then influence the skewness of air-gap field, so adopt to change magnetic pole and external rotor 2 along stator axis 7 radially the wedge-shaped poles structure of vertical range can adjust the air-gap reluctance of diverse location, make the air gap magnetic pole can be able to maximum utilization, can improve the material use coefficient and the overall performance of motor like this.
Because what cylindrical external rotor 2 flow through is the stationary magnetic field, can be made by cast steel material; Its stator core 3 is made up of the wedge type magnetic pole 15 that has collar plate shape stator yoke 16, what flow through in the concentrated winding 10 of the stator of stator core 3 inside is alternating current, therefore stator core 3 can not be made by cast steel again, and the less soft-magnetic composite material casting of eddy current loss is made when needing to adopt in the three-dimensional isotropism and at high frequency.
The stator core 3 of this kind motor can be adopted single hop, two sections, three sections or multi-segment structure, is called single-phase, two-phase, three-phase or polyphase machine.When adopting the multistage stator core construction, the structure of each iron core is identical, and the spacing distance of adjacent iron core is identical, as shown in Figure 4, is syllogic stator structure schematic diagram.When doing generator or running under braking, the hop count of motor is any, when doing the motor operation, must adopt two sections, three sections or multi-segment structure, to produce the constant electromagnetic torque of direction.Fig. 3 is for adopting the external rotor permanent magnet body dislocation assembling schematic diagram of three sections stator cores, as shown in the figure, in order to make motor can produce three-phase symmetrical alternating current electromotive force or the constant electromagnetic torque of direction, N utmost point permanent magnet 17 in three sections pairing three groups of permanent magnets of stator core and S utmost point permanent magnet 18 alternately occur, the quantity of every group of permanent magnet equals the quantity of pairing every single hop stator core wedge-shaped poles, and in the permanent magnet of assembling same polarity of the adjacent set during permanent magnet 120 ° of electrical degrees that should along the circumferential direction stagger mutually.When being used as generator operation, prime mover drags the rotation of external rotor permanent magnet body, thereby the stator winding in the continuous cutting stator iron core is to induce the three-phase alternating current electromotive force of 120 ° of electrical degree mutual deviations; And when the threephase stator in the stator core concentrates winding to feed three-phase symmetrical alternating current electricity, be 120 ° of the electrical degree mutual deviations of supply voltage, magnetic field that this moment, every section stator core produced and corresponding external rotor permanent magnet body interaction separately, by changing the power supply timing of three-phase current, produce the constant electromagnetic torque of direction, make the external rotor rotation, machine operation is at motoring condition.When adopting three stage structure, 120 ° of electrical degrees because three groups of permanent magnets should along the circumferential direction stagger when assembling mutually, so three groups of cogging torques with phase difference of three groups of motor generations can slacken mutually, make the total cogging torque of motor reduce, can reduce operating vibrations of motor and noise.