CN101965768A - A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function, which includes a frame, a fertilizer box arranged on the frame, a number of no-tillage seeder units, and ground wheels; a row of fertilizer shafts is arranged on the fertilizer box , the fertilizer discharge shaft is connected to the ground wheel through a chain drive; each no-tillage planter unit includes a seed box and a ditching shovel connected to the frame, and the bottom of the ditching shovel is connected to a fertilization ditch opener, each A sowing opener and a pressing wheel are connected to the frame on the rear side of the fertilizing ditch opener; it is characterized in that: a driving shaft parallel to the fertilizer discharge axis is connected through several supporting frames under the frame and in front of the ditching shovel handle. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the fertilizer discharge shaft through a chain transmission. The drive shaft is provided with a driving bevel gear corresponding to each no-tillage planter unit, and a roller shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the driven bevel gear meshing with each driving bevel gear. Each roller shaft is provided with a roller for pushing aside the straw, and the lower end of the roller shaft is rotatably connected with the fertilization ditch opener.

Description

A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function

technical field

The invention relates to an agricultural machine, in particular to a corn no-tillage seeder with an anti-blocking function.

Background technique

Since conservation tillage can reduce wind erosion and water erosion, and improve soil fertility and drought resistance, my country has vigorously promoted conservation tillage for decades. The difference between conservation tillage and traditional tillage is that it directly sows on the land covered with straw, so no-tillage sowing technology is the key.

There are many kinds of no-tillage seeders currently in use. From the principle of anti-blocking function, the main points are: (1) Install a passive stubble cutting device in front of the opener: a typical curved surface type seeder developed by the former Beijing Agricultural Engineering University. Grass cutter, which has good grass separation performance, simple structure, low cost, and is not easy to wear, but has poor adaptability to the amount of straw coverage; the combined depth-limiting grass cutter and inter-row grass roller developed by China Agricultural University, the effect of the combination of the two It is better, but when the amount of straw coverage is large, it is still difficult to avoid the clogging phenomenon; therefore, this type of anti-blocking device has poor adaptability, and it is difficult to solve the problem of blockage when the amount of straw coverage is large. (2) Power-driven active anti-blocking device: A typical example is the drive-type disc knife anti-blocking device developed by China Agricultural University. The disc knife in this device obtains a higher cutting speed and can effectively use sliding cutting to Good cutting effect; the strip crushing planter produced by Hebei Nonghaha uses the principle of crushing to open the way and directional weeding to complete the sowing while cutting the straw; but the power consumption of the above active anti-blocking device is too large, due to the high speed, It causes strong vibration of the machine tool, poor safety, and the problem of dust caused by high speed during operation is also very prominent. (3) Multi-beam structure: The openers are staggered and installed on the multi-beams to increase the distance between the openers. Wider row spacing can increase the passage of straw and reduce the problem of stubble blockage. The traction type is adopted; this mechanism is not suitable for the current situation of small plots of land and small power of tractors in our country.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a corn no-tillage planter with anti-blocking function, which has strong adaptability to straw coverage, low power consumption, high safety, and is suitable for different plot sizes.

To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions: a corn no-tillage planter with anti-blocking function, which includes a frame, a fertilizer box arranged on the frame and some no-tillage planter monomers, and Ground wheel; a fertilizer row shaft is installed on the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer row shaft is connected to the ground wheel through a chain drive; each of the no-tillage planters includes a seeding box connected to the frame and a ditching shovel handle, the bottom of the ditching shovel handle is connected to a fertilization ditch opener, and a sowing ditch opener and a pressing wheel are connected to the frame at the rear side of each fertilization ditch opener; It is characterized in that: the bottom of the frame and the front of the ditching shovel handle are connected to a drive shaft parallel to the fertilizer discharge shaft through several support frames, one end of the drive shaft is connected to the fertilizer discharge shaft through a chain transmission, and the drive shaft A driving bevel gear is arranged on the shaft corresponding to each of the no-tillage seeder monomers, and a roller shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the driven bevel gear meshed with each of the driving bevel gears, and each of the roller shafts is provided with a The drum is used to push out the straw, and the lower end of the drum shaft is rotatably connected with the fertilization opener.

The fertilization opener is provided with a tip, and the lower end of the roller shaft is provided with a tip hole, and the tip is inserted into the tip hole.

Between the fertilizing ditch opener and the sowing ditch opener, there is a wing-shaped protective cover with its tail opening to both sides, and the head of the wing-shaped protective cover is fixedly connected to the ditching shovel handle.

The wing-shaped protective cover includes an angle steel welded on the ditching shovel handle, and steel bars arranged at intervals are respectively welded on both sides of the angle steel.

The roller adopts a jujube-shaped rod-shaped roller, and the rod-shaped roller is composed of several arc-shaped rods welded on the circumference of a circular tube at intervals.

The roller adopts a sheet-shaped roller, and the sheet-shaped roller includes several steel plates, the upper and lower ends of each steel plate are arranged in a chamfered structure, and the steel plates are welded on the circumference of a circular pipe at intervals.

A sleeve is tightly arranged between two adjacent support frames, and the sleeve is fixedly connected with the drive shaft.

The fertilization opener adopts a sharp angle opener, and the sowing opener adopts a double disc opener.

The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme: 1. The no-tillage planter of the present invention is provided with a drive shaft, a chain drive, a gear drive, a drum shaft and a drum, etc., and the power can be transmitted to Drum, through the rotation of the drum, the straw in front of the opener can be thrown out to avoid blocking the planter. Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient adjustment, strong adaptability, low cost, and low energy consumption. Preliminary tests have proved that , the invention can sow corn without clogging and no-tillage on the stalk-covered ground after wheat harvesting, and the sowing quality and efficiency are high. 2. The present invention does not need to use the power output shaft of the tractor to drive the anti-blocking device, but uses the ground wheel to drive, which can save power and reduce costs. 3. The present invention can transmit the power to the drive shaft through the ground wheel, fertilizer shaft and chain transmission, and transmit the power on the drive shaft to the drum shaft through the meshing transmission of the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear on the drive shaft. The drum can be driven to rotate by the drum shaft, so the steering of the drive shaft in the same forward direction as the implement can be changed to the steering of the drum perpendicular to the forward direction. 4. The present invention can realize the power transmission of all the drums with only one drive shaft, and the rotation direction of the shaft can be changed through the meshing of the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear, with high transmission efficiency and low cost. 5. The invention utilizes the eccentric effect of the roller to push or throw out the straw, and the roller has a certain height, which can effectively prevent the phenomenon that the opener column often occurs in no-tillage seeding, and can ensure good drainage of the anti-blocking device. grass performance. 6. In the present invention, the drive shaft is fixed below the frame through the support frame and in front of the ditching shovel handle. Therefore, the relative position of the drive shaft and the frame can be guaranteed to remain unchanged. 7. In the present invention, the disk opener is placed behind the sharp-angle opener, and the lateral distance is 50 millimeters, so it can meet the position requirement of keeping a certain distance between the seed and the fertilizer during the sowing process to prevent burning of the seed. The invention has ingenious structural design and convenient operation, and can effectively prevent wheat stubble and weeds from being entangled on the fertilization and ditching monomer or piled up between the fertilization monomer and the sowing monomer, ensuring that there are no straws and weeds on the sowing belt. Widely used in the direct sowing process of no-tillage seeders under wheat straw cover.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a schematic left view of the overall structure of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the transmission system schematic diagram of the present invention

Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the meshing of the master and slave bevel gears of the present invention

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the present invention

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rod-shaped cylinder of the present invention

Figure 7 is a schematic top view of Figure 6

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the sheet cylinder of the present invention

Figure 9 is a schematic top view of Figure 8

Fig. 10 is a schematic top view of the wing-shaped protective cover of the present invention

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the position of the disc opener and the sharp angle opener of the present invention

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention includes a no-tillage seeder 1 of the prior art, and the no-tillage seeder 1 is provided with an anti-blocking device. No-tillage seeder 1 comprises a frame 2 that is arranged in a conventional manner, and frame 2 is provided with a fertilizer box 3 and some no-tillage seeder units 4 arranged side by side, and each no-tillage unit 4 is provided with a Anti-blocking device. The no-tillage seeder 1 drives sowing through the ground wheel 5 arranged between the adjacent no-tillage planter units 4, and the ground wheel 5 is powered by a tractor (not shown) in front of it.

As shown in Figures 1-3, the present invention includes a fertilizer discharge shaft 6 arranged on the fertilizer tank 3, and the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 is connected to the ground wheel 5 through a chain drive. One end of fertilizer discharge shaft 6 is fixedly provided with a drive sprocket 7, and drive sprocket 7 drives a driven sprocket 8 to rotate by chain, and driven sprocket 8 is fixedly arranged on an end of a drive shaft 9, drives drive shaft 9 to rotate. The drive shaft 9 is parallel to the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 , and is supported below the frame 2 through several support frames 10 , and is located in front of the ditching shovel handle 11 . The ditching handle 11 is fixedly arranged under the frame 2 , and each no-tillage planter unit 4 is provided with a ditching handle 11 , and a fertilization ditch opener 12 is welded below each ditching handle 11 .

On the drive shaft 9, a driving bevel gear 13 (as shown in Figure 4 ) is respectively fixedly arranged at a position corresponding to each no-tillage seeder unit 4, and each driving bevel gear 13 is connected with a driven bevel gear 14 respectively. meshing, each driven bevel gear 14 is fixedly arranged on the upper end of a roller shaft 15 respectively. A drum 16 is concentrically arranged on the drum shaft 15 between the driven bevel gear 14 and the fertilization opener 12 . As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, a top 17 is fixed on the fertilization ditch opener 12, and a top hole is arranged at the bottom of the drum shaft 15, and the top 17 can be inserted into the top hole of the drum shaft 15 to realize the ditching between the drum shaft 15 and fertilization. The connection of the device 12, and ensure the flexible rotation of the drum shaft 15.

As shown in Figure 2, behind the fertilization ditch opener 12, a lateral distance of 50 mm is provided with a sowing ditch opener 18 fixed on the frame 2. A wing-shaped protective cover 19 is arranged between the fertilizing ditch opener 12 and the seeding ditch opener 18. The head of the wing-shaped protective cover 19 is fixedly connected to the ditching shovel handle 11, and the tail part is opened to both sides.

The fertilization ditch opener 12 and the seeding ditch opener 18 are laterally staggered by 50 millimeters (only as an example, but not limited to this), in order to meet the requirements of the sowing process, the seeds and the fertilizer should keep a certain distance to prevent burning. location requirements. The sowing opener 18 is positioned at the left side or the right side of the fertilizing opener 12, determined by the meshing rotation direction of the master and slave bevel gears 13,14. If the engagement of the main and slave bevel gears 13, 14 makes the drum 16 throw the stalks to the left, the sowing opener 18 is located on the right side of the fertilizing opener 12, otherwise it is located on the left side. Reduce the straw on the sowing belt to ensure the quality of sowing.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in the above embodiment, the support frames 10 at both ends of the drive shaft 9 are fixedly arranged on the frame 2 , and the other support frames 10 are correspondingly fixedly arranged on each ditching shovel handle 11 . Wherein, a sleeve 20 can be arranged between any two support frames 10, and the sleeve 20 is fixedly connected with the drive shaft 9 through a cotter pin or other fixing elements. Since the sleeve 20 cannot move axially due to the limitation of the support frames 10 at both ends, the driving shaft 9 will not move axially during the rotation process to affect the meshing of the driving bevel gear 13 and the driven bevel gear 14 .

In the above embodiments, a nylon sleeve is provided at the position where each support frame 10 supports the drive shaft 9 , and the nylon sleeve can reduce the friction between the drive shaft 9 and the support frame 10 .

In the above embodiment, the rollers 16 can be rod-shaped rollers 21 (shown as two rollers 16 on the left in FIG. 1 ) and/or sheet rollers 22 (shown as a roller 16 on the right in FIG. 1 ). As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the rod-shaped drum 21 is in the shape of a date pit, and is welded on a circular tube 24 by four arc-shaped rods 23 with a diameter of 6 mm at intervals to form a height of 300 mm (only as an example, but not limited to this). As shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the sheet cylinder 22 is welded on a circular tube 26 by four steel plates 25 with a height of 300 mm, a width of 30 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm. This is an example, but not limited thereto). The above two kinds of rollers 16 have different shapes, but they can be regarded as eccentric mechanisms with variable radius during the rotation process. The radius of the roller 16 is constantly changing, and the change of radius leads to a driving force that is constantly changing in size and direction on the front straw. The stalks are thrown out or pushed away along the tangent of the rotation direction, and fall on the side of the fertilization ditch opener 12 .

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 10, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the wing-shaped protective cover 19 is welded on both sides of an angle steel 27 in two rows at intervals by six steel bars 26 (this is only an example, but not limited to this). And formed. The angle steel 27 is fixed with the ditching shovel handle 11, and the flanks formed by the steel bars 26 on both sides have a certain opening angle, and the opening angle direction is: open from the fertilizing ditch opener 12 to the sowing ditch opener 18. The effect of the wing-shaped protective cover 19 is to stop the stalks that the cylinder 16 throws off from falling into the opened seed ditch to ensure that the seeds are sown in the soil.

As shown in Figure 11, in the above-mentioned embodiment, fertilization ditch opener 12 adopts sharp angle type ditch opener, sowing ditch opener 18 adopts double disk type ditch opener, in order to avoid all using sharp angle type ditch opener to produce. Problems with grass between front and rear openers. For fertilization, the sharp-angle opener is used, because the structure of the sharp-angle opener is simple and light, the ditching resistance is small, and the ability to penetrate into the soil is strong; the double-disc opener is selected for sowing, because the double-disc opener is more effective than the current commonly used ones. The sharp angle opener works stably and has better adaptability. At the same time, the test found that the sharp angle opener will cause blockage between fertilization and sowing monomers.

The effect of the present invention in sowing process is as follows:

When sowing on the straw ground, the tractor provides power to the ground wheel 5, and the ground wheel 5 drives the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 to rotate through a chain transmission, and the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 passes through the chain transmission between the driving sprocket 7 and the driven sprocket 8, and the The power is transmitted to the drive shaft 9; the drive shaft 9 transmits the power to the drum shaft 15 through the driving bevel gear 13 and the driven bevel gear 14, and the rotation of the drum shaft 15 drives the rotation of the drum 16 arranged on it; the rotation of the drum 16 turns the fertilization opener 12 The stalks in the front are thrown out, and the wing-shaped protective cover 19 with a certain opening angle stops the stalks from falling into the opened ditch.

As shown in Figure 2, in the above-mentioned embodiment, each planter unit 4 is also provided with a seed box 28 and a pressing wheel 29, the seed box 28 is used for installing pre-sowed seeds, and the pressing wheel 29 is used for fertilizing The ditch provided by ditch device 12 and sowing ditch opener 18 is filled and compacted.

In the above embodiment, the rotating speed of the drum 16 is determined by the forward speed of the tractor and the gear transmission. After the gear transmission is determined, the faster the speed of the tractor, the higher the rotating speed of the drum. In order to allow the rotation of the drum 16 to effectively shake off the stalks ahead, the present invention sets the rotating speed of the drum 16 to about 90 revolutions per minute when the seeding speed is the lowest.

In the above embodiments, the speed of the tractor is 3-5 km/h.

In the above embodiments, the sprockets on the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 and the drive shaft 9 can be replaced to adjust the transmission ratio and ensure that the drum 16 rotates at an appropriate speed to meet the needs of anti-blocking.

Above-mentioned each embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection mode etc. all can be changed to some extent, every equivalent conversion and improvement carried out on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, all should not be excluded from the present invention. outside the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function, it comprises frame, is arranged on the fertilizer box on described frame and some no-tillage seeder monomers, and ground wheel; Described fertilizer box is provided with a A fertilizer discharge shaft, the fertilizer discharge shaft is connected to the ground wheel through a chain drive; each no-tillage planter unit includes a seed box and a ditching handle connected to the frame. A fertilization ditch opener is connected to the bottom of the ditch shovel handle, and a sowing ditch opener and a pressing wheel are connected to the frame at the rear side of each fertilization ditch opener; it is characterized in that: the bottom of the frame, the open The front of the ditch shovel handle is connected to a drive shaft parallel to the fertilizer discharge shaft through several support frames, and one end of the drive shaft is connected to the fertilizer discharge shaft through a chain transmission. The machine body is correspondingly provided with a driving bevel gear, and the center of the driven bevel gear meshed with each said driving bevel gear is fixedly connected with a roller shaft, and each said roller shaft is provided with a roller for pushing aside the straw. The lower end of the drum shaft is rotatably connected with the fertilization opener. 2. A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: said fertilization opener is provided with a tip, the lower end of said roller shaft is provided with a tip hole, said tip Inserted in the center hole. 3. A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: between said fertilizing ditch opener and said sowing ditch opener, there is a tail that opens to both sides The wing-shaped protective cover, the head of the wing-shaped protective cover is fixedly connected to the ditching shovel handle. 4. A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: said wing-shaped protective cover comprises an angle steel welded on said ditching shovel handle, and said angle steel both sides The steel bars arranged at intervals are respectively welded. 5. A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: between said fertilizing ditch opener and said sowing ditch opener, there is a tail that opens to both sides The wing-shaped protective cover, the head of the wing-shaped protective cover is fixedly connected to the ditching shovel handle. 6. A corn no-tillage planter with anti-blocking function as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: said wing-shaped protective cover comprises an angle steel welded on said ditching shovel handle, and said angle steel both sides The steel bars arranged at intervals are respectively welded. 7. A corn no-tillage planter with anti-blocking function as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that: the roller adopts a jujube pit-shaped rod-shaped roller, and the rod The shape roller is composed of several arc-shaped rods welded on the circumference of a circular tube at intervals. 8. A corn no-tillage planter with anti-blocking function as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that: the roller adopts a sheet-shaped roller, and the sheet-shaped roller includes A plurality of steel plates, the upper and lower ends of each steel plate are arranged in a chamfered structure, and the steel plates are welded on the circumference of a circular tube at intervals. 9. A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: a sleeve is arranged tightly between two adjacent support frames, The sleeve is fixedly connected with the drive shaft. 10. A corn no-tillage seeder with anti-blocking function according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the fertilization opener adopts a sharp angle opener, and the sowing opener The opener adopts double disc openers.

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