CN101963356B - 适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统及控制方法 - Google Patents
适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统及控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101963356B CN101963356B CN2010105283719A CN201010528371A CN101963356B CN 101963356 B CN101963356 B CN 101963356B CN 2010105283719 A CN2010105283719 A CN 2010105283719A CN 201010528371 A CN201010528371 A CN 201010528371A CN 101963356 B CN101963356 B CN 101963356B
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- temperature
- combustion
- flue
- firing chamber
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- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010813 municipal solid wastes Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003134 recirculating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
Abstract
一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统，包括立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉、连续给料装置及出渣机；立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉的烟气出口通过过渡烟道连接二燃室，二燃室的烟气出口连接烟道式余热锅炉，余热锅炉的烟气出口连接尾气净化装置。一次风机通过一次风管将一次风送入炉底部的风室。从空气预热器处引出第一热空气管路经过一次风阀连通一次风管路。二次风机通过二次风管路将二次风送入过渡烟道，从空气预热器处引出第二热空气管路经过二次风阀连通二次风管路。余热锅炉由前部膜式壁通道及尾部烟道组成，尾部受热面包括过热器、蒸发受热面、省煤器和空气预热器。余热锅炉的烟气出口旁通设置烟气再循环管路，通过风机将部分烟气回流至过热器入口。解决了燃烧及热交换稳定问题。
Description
适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统及控制方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统及控制方法，尤其是涉及一种适用于发电的立式旋转热分解炉燃烧系统及控制方法。
背景技术
[0002] 经济发展和城市人口增加而产生的垃圾污染环境已造成社会公害。城市生活垃圾的处理方法有焚烧和卫生填埋两大类，后者因占用大量土地且渗浙液又污染地下水，造成了二次污染。国外大多采用垃圾焚烧处理实现了减量化、无害化、资源化目的。垃圾焚烧装置主要有三种：即机械炉排炉、循环流化床炉及热分解炉。热分解炉它有二种形式，一是卧式，最大日处理垃圾量为150t/d，二是立式旋转式，设计最大处理量为100t/d。立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉因其设备系统等一系列问题，尤其对含水分大、热值偏低的城市生活垃圾而言，尚未安全、稳定地到达设计额定的处理量，尤其不适用于发电。
[0003] 立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉的工艺流程是：
[0004] 垃圾由抓斗行车从垃圾池内抓取投入到焚烧炉垂直料仓顶部的带烘干步进式输送机漏斗口内，在输送机内向前移动的过程中被底部热风加热干燥；最终落入垃圾焚烧炉的垂直料仓内。
[0005] 垃圾经过料仓底部双辊加料机的连续转动不断的将垃圾送入焚烧炉内，并均勻的撒开。进入炉内的垃圾受炉体内自下而上的高温烟气流及辐射热的作用，可迅速的升温、干燥、热解、气化、燃烧。产生的混合烟气再进入二燃室，在900°C 士50°C的高温下充分燃烧， 再经过烟道式余热锅炉的余热回收后降至200-300°C，最后进入尾气处理系统。尾气由除酸喷雾干燥塔与布袋除尘器和活性炭喷射系统净化达标后经烟®排入大气。
[0006] 焚烧产生的结焦状残渣经旋转炉排挤压破碎成150mm以下的块状物排出至炉底的水封槽内，经过湿式出渣系统排出。
[0007] 余热锅炉产生的蒸汽进入母管送汽轮发电机组发电。
[0008] 中国专利200710073251. 2公开了一种立式生活垃圾热分解焚烧炉，包括焚烧炉本体，在焚烧炉本体前端是料斗及加料仓，后端是出渣装置；在料斗及加料仓前端设置加料装置；所述的加料装置为步进式输送机，主要有锥形料斗、料槽、水平步进板、液压驱动装置及热风烘干室组成；水平步进板的上方联接锥形料斗，下方设置热风烘干室；水平步进板由液压驱动装置驱动，步进式将垃圾推入出料口。热风烘干室管路连接焚烧炉本体锅炉尾部烟道中的烟气空气预热器。其虽然解决了垃圾入炉前的预干燥，实现一定的稳定燃烧效果，但是在焚烧炉及二燃室的燃烧仍然不够稳定、可控，余热锅炉的热交换出的蒸汽温度更加不稳定，不适用于发电。
发明内容
[0009] 本发明的目的是提供一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统，进一步的目的是提供一种上述焚烧炉的控制方法，解决生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧及热交换不稳定，不适于发电的问题。
[0010] 本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统，它包括立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉（一燃室）、输送垃圾的连续给料装置、出渣机；立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉的烟气出口通过过渡烟道连接二燃室，二燃室的烟气出口连接烟道式余热锅炉，余热锅炉的烟气出口连接尾气净化装置；其特征在于：
[0011] 所述的立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉包括垂直加料仓、双辊连续下料机、固定炉盖、回转炉体、可回转的凸型炉篦、炉座、转盘轴承及底座。底部出渣口设置出渣机。一次风机通过一次风管将一次风（冷风）送入炉底部的风室。从空气预热器处引出第一热空气管路经过一次风阀连通一次风管路。二次风机通过二次风管路将二次风（冷风）送入过渡烟道， 从空气预热器处引出第二热空气管路经过二次风阀连通二次风管路。在二燃室底部还设置辅助燃烧装置，包括燃烧器及连通的辅助燃油箱。
[0012] 所述的余热锅炉采用单锅筒自然循环结构，由前部膜式壁通道及尾部烟道组成， 尾部受热面包括过热器、蒸发受热面、省煤器和空气预热器。在余热锅炉的烟气出口旁通设置烟气再循环管路，通过烟气再循环风机将部分烟气回流至过热器入口，调节过热器入口烟温。
[0013] 一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统的控制方法，目的是保持燃烧系统的稳定工作，提供稳定的、适用于发电的蒸汽。包括如下步骤之一：
[0014] 1)、一燃室的温度控制：一燃室炉温一般要求在700〜950°C之间；当一燃室炉温高于900°C时，降低一次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风，和/或增加垃圾入炉量；当一燃室炉温低于750°C时，增大一次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，和/或减少垃圾入炉量。
[0015] 2)、二燃室的温度控制：二燃室炉温一般要求在950°C 士 100°C之间，当二燃室温度高于1020°C时，降低二次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风；如果5分钟以内，二燃室温度仍然高于1020°C时，降低一次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风，和/或增加垃圾入炉量；当二燃室温度低于880°C时，增加二次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，如果5分钟以内，二燃室温度仍然低于880°C时，同时，增大一次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，和/或减少垃圾入炉量。
[0016] 3)、余热锅炉的过热器前烟气温度控制：如果余热锅炉的过热器前烟气温度大于 630°C，将余热锅炉出口烟气回流到过热器前降烟温。
[0017] 进一步的，所述的步骤2)中还包括，当二燃室温度低于850°C时，除了增加一、二次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风外，还须启动辅助燃烧装置，助燃提温，直至二燃室温度高于 850 0C ο
[0018] 本发明的原理是，垃圾从垂直加料仓上方的漏斗投入，并通过设在炉盖上的双辊连续下料机将料仓内的垃圾按照设定每天175吨的处理量连续均勻不间断地加入炉内。随着焚烧炉炉体的转动，加入炉内的垃圾会沿着炉膛半径面撒在炉膛圆截面上的任何一处表面上。回转炉体自上而下分为炉膛、干燥层、热解层、氧化燃烧层、热渣层、冷渣层、凸型炉篦、下部风室。进入炉内的垃圾由上而下缓慢移动，而一次风机将一次风（冷风或冷风+ 热风）送入最底部的风室，再由下而上进入氧化燃烧层提供助燃产生高温后继续上升到炉膛，这样与由上而下的垃圾形成对流。刚入炉的垃圾在其自上而下的移动中，首先受自下而上的高温热气流的作用而迅速升温、干燥蒸发掉水分，随着温度的进一步升高到600°C以上时，大量的有机物开始分解气化成CO、H2、CmHn等可燃气随上升的高温烟气进入二燃室燃烧。随着干燥热解的进行，垃圾的温度进一步升高，有机质热分解后剩余的残炭进入氧化燃烧层在一次风的作用下剧烈燃烧并放出大量的热，此时该部分的温度可达1100°c左右，这些热量又供给刚入炉的垃圾在干燥升温及热分解过程的所需。经过氧化燃烧后剩余的高温残渣灰继续下移中被由下而上的空气冷却，所带的热量被空气吸收并使空气预热，冷却后的残渣在凸形炉篦的作用下被挤压破碎成150mm以下的块状物排入下部风室下方的锥形灰斗内，继而通过灰斗落入下方的水封槽里的液压出渣机上由出渣机从水中捞出。
[0019] 从立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉（一燃室）排出的烟气有大量未燃烧的热解气体，通过过渡烟道导入二燃室，在足量的二次风助燃下使其在二燃室内完全燃尽。
[0020] 为了控制和调节垃圾层厚度，给料机电机为变频调速，同时炉排减速机也为变频调速，当垃圾层高到超过警示线时，可加快炉排排渣并适当降慢进料速度，当垃圾层过低时则反之。
[0021] 本发明的有益效果：由于在一燃室、二燃室补入可控的冷、热空气及在二燃室设置辅助燃烧装置调节炉温，以及调整一燃室垃圾入炉量，使生活垃圾立式焚烧炉的燃烧系统燃烧更加可控、燃烧稳定。进一步的采用烟气再循环调节余热锅炉的过热器前烟气温度，使得余热锅炉的热交换出的蒸汽温度更加稳定。解决了生活垃圾立式焚烧炉用于发电的难题。
[0022] 该炉的燃烧系统较其它技术相比具有如下特点：
[0023] 1.垃圾从顶部连续进料，灰渣从底部连续排出。垃圾进入炉内从上而下焚烧处理过程中，必然要经过炉中部的高温燃烧区域，该燃烧区域的燃烧温度超过1100°c。有机物和病原体焚毁彻底，焚烧后全部形成结焦状残炭，热灼减量可达< 3%。
[0024] 2. 一燃室由于缺氧燃烧分解，炉压低，因此排气中所带出的飞灰物少，大大减轻了飞灰对余热锅炉管束的冲刷磨损和烟尘净化系统的负荷，由此降低了运行和维护保养的费用。
[0025] 3.通过控制二燃室的温度和助燃空气的过剩系数，该炉焚毁去除率达99. 99%;燃烧效率达99. 9% ；烟气停留时间> 2秒，可保证二噁英、CO、CH4等对环境有影响物质的消除。避免对大气环境的二次污染。
[0026] 4.垃圾进入炉内后在立式炉内由上向下移动，与上升的高温烟气形成对流，可迅速将垃圾的水分蒸发，有机物升温到热解温度时分解成可燃气体，余下的结焦碳黑与从下部通入的空气发生燃烧反应，反应放出的热又提供给热解过程所需。焚烧后的残渣在炉内 1100°C高温带形成熔渣，下移过程中被风冷却成冷渣后排出，排灰过程热损失量小，整个过程对垃圾自身热能的利用效率最高，大大降低了二燃室辅助燃油量，减轻了垃圾处理费用。
[0027] 以下将结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行较为详细的说明。
附图说明
[0028] 图1为本发明实施例构造示意图。 具体实施方式
[0029] 实施例1，如图1所示，一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统，它包括立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉1、输送垃圾的连续给料装置2、出渣机3。立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉1的烟气出口通过过渡烟道4连接二燃室5，二燃室的烟气出口连接设置烟道式余热锅炉 6，余热锅炉6的烟气出口连接设置尾气净化装置7。
[0030] 所述的立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉1包括垂直加料仓11、双辊连续下料机、固定炉盖12、回转炉体13、可回转的凸型炉篦、炉座、转盘轴承及底座14。底部出渣口设置液压斗臂式出渣机3。一次风机15通过一次风管16将一次风（冷风)送入炉底部的风室。从空气预热器8 (包括空气预热风机8¾处引出第一热空气管路81经过一次风阀82连通一次风管路16。二次风机41通过二次风管路42将二次风（冷风)送入过渡烟道4，从空气预热器8处引出第二热空气管路83经过二次风阀84连通二次风管路42。在二燃室5底部还设置辅助燃烧装置，它包括燃烧器51及连通的辅助燃油箱52。
[0031] 具体的，立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉的各部件构造是：
[0032] 所述的加料仓是一个直立的箱式结构件，它既是垃圾进入炉内的通道，又是暂存垃圾的场所。工作时装入料仓内的垃圾占整个料仓高度的1/2以上，可阻隔炉内的烟气从料仓内溢出，同时确保炉内负压的稳定。双辊齿加料器装在料仓的下部，通过减速机的驱动使双辊缓慢转动将料仓内的垃圾连续均勻地投入炉内。
[0033] 所述的固定炉盖由箱式水梁结构组成，炉盖底部砌耐火浇筑料层，上面布置加料仓及双辊加料机、烟气出口以及焚烧炉循环水进出口接口以及探火孔（料层）、窥视孔。炉盖底部设有二层水封圈，内侧水封阻隔炉内烟气，外侧水封阻隔炉外空气，两个水封圈之间为空腔地带，转动炉体水套受热后产生的蒸汽通过导管导入空腔地带后从炉盖上的导管导出室外。为防止水封圈的高温烟气酸腐蚀，水封圈采用不锈钢lCrl3材质制造。
[0034] 所述的回转炉体是一个直立的圆筒结构。由炉体上部、炉体中部、炉体下部组成， 炉体上部为炉膛部分（烟气流经层），中部为垃圾干燥热解气化、氧化燃烧及燃尽部分，炉体下部为炉渣层及排出部分。炉体上部外壳为碳钢，内砌耐火保温隔热材料，顶部有内外两个水封槽，炉盖上的两个水封圈插入这两水封槽内，给水封槽注上水以隔断炉膛烟气冒出或炉外空气窜入炉膛。两个水封槽中部有两个炉体水套的导管可将炉体下部水套内的蒸汽导入炉盖两个水封圈之间的空腔带。为防止水封槽受烟气的酸腐蚀，水封槽用lCrl3不锈钢材质制造。炉体下部为水夹套结构，使用软化水冷却炉体，内套材质为20G材质，外套为碳钢。水套水由炉体外侧水封通过溢流输入，受热时产生的蒸汽通过导管导入炉体上部双水封槽与炉盖下方双水封圈之间的空腔并通过炉盖上的导管排出。内套里还设有炉渣阻渣板、排渣器，通过凸型转动炉篦挤压排出至炉篦下方的锥形收灰斗。
[0035] 所述的凸型炉篦由偏心帽、破渣板（炉栅板）、锥齿圈、支架、中心轴、中心座套、轴承以及锥齿轮传动减速机组成。它是焚烧炉连续稳定运行的核心，起支承物料、旋转排渣以及均勻布风的作用。它装在转动炉体的下部，工作时通过缓慢的转动，先由偏心帽和偏心栅板的作用将炉渣挤到狭窄处并通过与炉体下部内壁的挤压被破碎，在炉体上排渣器的阻挡作用下从炉栅板之间的间隙中排出，掉落到其下方的锥形收灰斗上。
[0036] 所述的炉座及转台由筒形炉体座和回转大齿圈转盘轴承、驱动减速机、支承座等组成。筒形炉体座是连接炉体与转盘轴承座的中间部件，由碳钢组成。转盘轴承是圆柱滚子轴承结构，承截力大，转动平稳，轴承外圈和齿圈做成一体，通过减速机小齿圈驱动大齿圈带动炉座和炉体缓慢旋转，可使固定炉盖落料口落入炉内的垃圾均勻撒开，以保持炉内工况的相对稳定。[0037] 所述的风室、出渣水封槽及液压出渣机由钢制箱形水槽和液压斗臂式出渣机组成。水槽中间设一次风进风口。炉体下部的锥形灰斗插入水封槽内，一次风管从锥形灰斗的中心穿出进入风室。落渣从灰斗与一次风竖管之间的间隙落入水里，沉降到弧形渣槽底部，由液压斗臂式出渣机排出。
[0038] 所述的过渡烟道及二次燃烧室：过渡烟道及二燃室下部外壳由钢架结构件组成， 内砌耐火浇筑料。二次风口开在二燃室烟气入口处的过渡烟道两侧及底部四个墙体角附近。二燃室界面尺寸为3050X3050mm，为一矩形截面，分上下两部分。上部做在余热锅炉膜式壁膛下方的膜式壁腔体内，下部坐落在余热锅炉支承钢架上。上部膨胀向下延伸，下部膨胀向上延伸，上下部之间的接缝为膨胀接缝。进入二燃室内的烟气通过不同部位二次风的作用从底部开始形成湍流，并使烟气中的可燃成份燃尽。
[0039] 所述的余热锅炉6采用单锅筒自然循环结构，由前部膜式壁通道及尾部烟道组成，尾部受热面包括过热器61、蒸发受热面62、省煤器63和空气预热器8。在余热锅炉6的烟气出口旁通设置烟气再循环管路9，通过烟气再循环风机10将部分烟气回流至过热器61 入口，调节过热器入口烟温。
[0040] 余热锅炉构架采用全钢构架，包括：
[0041] (1)锅筒及汽水分离装置
[0042] 锅筒内径为1400mm，壁厚为40mm，锅筒直段长度约为5300mm，材料为20G(20号
钢）。锅内采用单段蒸发系统。锅筒内布置有旋风分离器、钢丝网分离器、表面排污管、加药管等内部设备。
[0043] (2)前部膜式壁通道
[0044] 前部膜式壁通道与二燃室之间采用柔性连接，以达到密封和吸收膨胀的效果，通道下部敷设耐火绝热层。膜式壁采用φ51*5，材质为20G的管子，节距为100mm。
[0045] (3)过热器和蒸汽温度调节
[0046] 过热器布置在尾部烟道的上部，沿烟气流程方向布置有高温级、中温级、低温级三级热交换管，并采用烟气再循环回流技术。控制高温过热器入口烟气温度在570-620°C，并在烟气温度超过630°C时采用二级喷水减温，保护管子。过热器蒸汽出口温度为400°C ；高温级采用φ42*5管子，中温级、低温级采用φ38*3.5管子，材质为12CrlMoVG/GB5310。主给水和喷水减温水采用电动调节阀调节。
[0047] (4)蒸发受热面
[0048] 蒸发受热面布置在过热器后，采用φ45*3、材质为20G的管子。
[0049] (5)省煤器
[0050] 省煤器布置在蒸发受热面后，管子为顺列布置，采用φ32*3，材质为20G，的管子。
[0051] (6)空气预热器
[0052] 空气预热器布置在省煤器后，采用管箱结构，管子采用耐腐蚀钢管（规格φ50*2 )。热空气用于一、二次风或干燥步进输送机上的垃圾。空气预热器出口空气温度> 150°c。
[0053] (7)余热锅炉范围内管道
[0054] 给水母管进入余热锅炉前分成三路，分别去往锅炉、一级减温器及二级减温器，通过三个电动调节阀分别调节。
[0055] 余热锅炉还装有各种必要的监督、控制装置，如水位表、平衡容器等。[0056] 在锅筒和过热器出口集箱上各装有一台弹簧式安全阀，过热蒸汽各段均设有热电偶插座；在锅炉最高点和最低点分别设有空气阀和排污阀；安全阀和向空排气阀上分别装有消音器（每炉三台）；为监督给水、炉水及蒸汽品质，装设有给水、炉水、饱和蒸汽及过热蒸汽取样管。
[0057] (8)炉墙和密封
[0058] 前部膜式壁通道及炉顶采用敷管炉墙，尾部烟道采用炉墙加金属外护板结构；前部膜式壁通道及炉顶外护板采用波形钢板。锅筒、集箱及汽水管道采用外置岩棉保温后用铝皮包装。前部膜式壁结构及尾部烟道采用的炉墙加金属外护板结构能保证烟气不外漏。 为使锅炉安全可靠运行，锅炉设置了多处膨胀装置，焚烧炉各层刚性梁上均设有膨胀导向装置，使锅炉沿膨胀装置膨胀。
[0059] 为了保持燃烧系统的稳定工作，提供稳定的、适用于发电的蒸汽，上述生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统的控制方法，包括如下步骤之一：
[0060] 1)、一燃室的温度控制：一燃室炉温一般要求在700〜950°C之间；当一燃室炉温高于900°C时，降低一次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风，和/或增加垃圾入炉量；当一燃室炉温低于750°C时，增大一次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，和/或减少垃圾入炉量。
[0061] 2)、二燃室的温度控制：二燃室炉温一般要求在950°C 士 100°C之间，当二燃室温度高于1020°C时，降低二次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风；如果5分钟以内，二燃室温度仍然高于1020°C时，降低一次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风，和/或增加垃圾入炉量；当二燃室温度低于880°C时，增加二次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，如果5分钟以内，二燃室温度仍然低于880°C时，同时，增大一次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，和/或减少垃圾入炉量。
[0062] 3)、余热锅炉的过热器前烟气温度控制：如果余热锅炉的过热器前烟气温度大于 630°C，将余热锅炉出口烟气回流到过热器前降烟温。
[0063] 进一步的，所述的步骤2)中还包括，当二燃室温度低于850°C时，除了增加一、二次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风外，还须启动辅助燃烧装置，助燃提温，直至二燃室温度高于 850 0C ο
Claims (4)
1. 一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统，它包括立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉、输送垃圾的连续给料装置及出渣机；立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉的烟气出口通过过渡烟道连接二燃室，二燃室的烟气出口连接烟道式余热锅炉，余热锅炉的烟气出口连接尾气净化装置；其特征在于：所述的立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉包括垂直加料仓、双辊连续下料机、固定炉盖、回转炉体、可回转的凸型炉篦、炉座、转盘轴承及底座；底部出渣口设置出渣机；一次风机通过一次风管将一次风送入立式旋转焚烧热解气化炉底部的风室；从空气预热器处引出第一热空气管路经过一次风阀连通一次风管路；二次风机通过二次风管路将二次风送入过渡烟道， 从空气预热器处引出第二热空气管路经过二次风阀连通二次风管路；所述的余热锅炉采用单锅筒自然循环结构，由前部膜式壁通道及尾部烟道组成，尾部受热面包括过热器、蒸发受热面、省煤器和空气预热器；在余热锅炉的烟气出口旁通设置烟气再循环管路，通过烟气再循环风机将部分烟气回流至过热器入口。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统，其特征在于：所述的二燃室底部还设置辅助燃烧装置，它包括燃烧器及连通的燃油 箱。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统的控制方法， 包括如下步骤之一：1)、一燃室的温度控制：一燃室炉温一般要求在700〜950°C之间；当一燃室炉温高于 900°C时，降低一次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风，和/或增加垃圾入炉量；当一燃室炉温低于750°C时，增大一次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，和/或减少垃圾入炉量；2)、二燃室的温度控制：二燃室炉温一般要求在950°C 士 100°C之间，当二燃室温度高于1020°C时，降低二次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风；如果5分钟以内，二燃室温度仍然高于1020°C时，降低一次风量，和/或将热风改用冷风，和/或增加垃圾入炉量；当二燃室温度低于880°C时，增加二次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，如果5分钟以内，二燃室温度仍然低于880°C时，同时，增大一次风量，和/或将冷风改用热风，和/或减少垃圾入炉量；3)、余热锅炉的过热器前烟气温度控制：如果余热锅炉的过热器前烟气温度大于 630 将余热锅炉出口烟气回流到过热器前降烟温。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种适用于发电的生活垃圾立式焚烧炉燃烧系统的控制方法， 其特征在于：所述的步骤幻中还包括，当二燃室温度低于850°C时，除了增加一、二次风量， 和/或将冷风改用热风外，还须启动辅助燃烧装置，助燃提温，直至二燃室温度高于850°C。
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| CN103363530B (zh) * | 2013-03-21 | 2015-10-21 | 温州市特种设备检测中心 | 一种皮革废料气化燃烧及热回收系统及其操作方法 |
| CN104128349B (zh) * | 2013-05-02 | 2017-10-10 | 佛山市顺德区北滘镇信威电器有限公司 | 一种生活垃圾制取燃油、燃气或/和燃气发电的设备 |
| CN103791503B (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2016-07-06 | 大连理工大学 | 一种有机固体废物气化焚烧一体化装置及方法 |
| CN103912879A (zh) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-09 | 安徽省含山县天顺环保设备有限公司 | 一种垃圾焚烧处理系统 |
| CN104832225A (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南现代环境科技有限公司 | 生活垃圾焚烧低压蒸汽发电系统 |
| CN105333440B (zh) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-02-23 | 华中科技大学 | 一种烟气循环式的垃圾热解气化富氧焚烧炉 |
| CN105627321B (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-11-14 | 广西高远环境工程有限公司 | 模块式结构垃圾裂解气化燃烧一体式装置与方法 |
| CN105402737B (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-08-04 | 重庆科技学院 | 机械炉排式垃圾单炉气化焚烧锅炉系统 |
| CN105509060B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-10-24 | 重庆科技学院 | 机械炉排式垃圾气化焚烧炉及其锅炉发电系统 |
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