CN101946742A - Method for processing and recycling aquaculture water in intensive culture pond - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for treating and recycling water in aquaculture intensive ponds, comprising the following steps: ①Aeration measures to concentrate pollutants to a central sewage outlet; ②Set a sewage pipe at the central drainage outlet to connect to the gate of the drainage gate; ③Use water pumping The equipment extracts pond sewage from the pumping pipeline; ④uses a foam separator to separate the sewage; ⑤uses an ozone generator to treat pathogens in clean water, and after treatment, it circulates into the pond for use, and the sewage is collected for biochemical treatment and discharged after reaching the standard. The intensive culture ponds implementing this technology can reduce the consumption of breeding water by 70-80%, reduce sewage discharge, reduce environmental pollution, increase breeding production, and help cut off the horizontal transmission of pathogens, and can be used for fish, prawns, and marshes. The water treatment and recycling of aquatic economic species such as shrimps and crabs in the intensive pond breeding process are conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry and have high use value.

Description

A kind of water treatment and recycling method for aquaculture intensive pond culture

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and relates to a water treatment and recycling method for intensive aquaculture pond cultivation.

technical background

my country is the largest country in the world's aquaculture industry. In 2002, the output of aquatic products reached 45.618 million tons, accounting for about 40% of the global output, of which the output of sea and freshwater aquaculture was 29.07 million tons, accounting for 64% of the total output, accounting for nearly 60% of the global aquaculture output . Shrimp aquaculture is the pillar industry of marine aquaculture in my country. In 1992, the aquaculture area exceeded 140,000 hectares, and the output was 220,000 tons, with an average output of 1.57 tons per hectare. Since 1993, the output of shrimp farming began to decline. In 1995, my country had only 50,000 tons, with an average yield of 0.36 tons/ha. From 1993 to 1995, the annual direct economic loss of the shrimp farming industry reached 3 billion yuan. Diseases have become the most important restrictive factors for the shrimp farming industry in my country. Since the outbreak of shrimp virus diseases in Fujian and eastern Guangdong in 1992, especially white spot syndrome (white spot syndrome, WSS), since it became popular in the whole country in 1993, WSS has become the most serious disease in the shrimp farming industry. During the three years from 1993 to 1995, the occurrence rate of WSS in shrimp culture ponds in my country was over 90%, and the mortality rate of shrimp in affected shrimp ponds was close to 100%.

The main aquaculture production of my country's main aquatic economic species including prawns and fishes is pond aquaculture, adopting the "three ponds in one" farming model, and the feeding, excretion and activities of prawns and fishes are completed in the same pond. The traditional prawn and fish culture mode regulates the water quality of the culture pond through a large amount of tidal range water exchange. On the one hand, the water quality cannot be fully artificially adjusted according to the culture status, and on the other hand, the water body exchange without treated water also exacerbates the spread of diseases and diseases. Popularity. The lack of fully artificial control technology for aquaculture water quality limits the healthy development of the aquaculture industry. Intensive farming models such as high level ponds and plastic film ponds mainly use sand filtration, or sand filtration plus intermediate reservoirs to disinfect and treat pathogens, requiring intermediate reservoirs, which wastes a lot of manpower, material and financial resources. Microecological preparations and The cost of chemical treatment is high, and chemicals are easy to cause residues. At the same time, a large number of water changes are required during the breeding process.

The current well-managed intensive and semi-intensive shrimp farming models use artificial compound feeds with reasonable nutritional formulas to feed farmed shrimps. The average feed coefficient is about 1.3, that is, 1.3 kg of feed is required to grow 1 kg of finished shrimps. While 1kg of prawns has only 262.75g of dry matter, 1.3kg of compound feed has 1144g of dry matter. Calculated with a feed factor of 1.3, for every 1kg of prawns grown, 881.25g of dry matter in the feed will be transformed into metabolites and enter the aquaculture water environment. According to research, when the average temperature is 28°C, from the growth of Penaeus vannamei juveniles with a weight of 0.02g to adult shrimp with a weight of 20g, the cumulative excretion and discharge of nitrogen per body during the culture period is 1086.3mg, and the cumulative excretion and discharge of phosphorus is 228.7mg . Intensive and semi-intensive farming models are used for shrimp farming. Usually, 2 crops are cultured a year, and each crop is cultivated for 90-130 days. The water is basically not changed in the first 30 days. Water is added appropriately according to the situation, and the water depth is maintained at 120-180cm. In the mid-term, start to change the water in an appropriate amount, generally every 7-10 days, and change the water 20%-30% each time. If the average water depth is 150cm, each crop is cultivated for 110 days, and the water is changed every 8.5 days in the middle and late stages by 25%, then the annual water discharge per hectare of shrimp ponds is 1.02×10 ⁵ m ³ , and in 2008, the shrimp farming area in China was 400,000 Hectares, the total amount of aquaculture wastewater discharged to the environment in that year was about 4.08×10 ¹⁰ m ³ . Therefore, a comprehensive analysis shows that not only the consumption of water resources in the process of shrimp farming is huge, but also the amount of waste water and waste discharged into the environment is astonishing, which affects the healthy and sustainable development of the shrimp farming industry.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the treatment and recycling of aquaculture water in intensive aquaculture ponds, which is a technical method for comprehensively treating aquaculture water through physical, chemical, management, etc. to achieve recycling, and can effectively remove dissolved substances in aquaculture water. and suspended pollutants, organic matter such as protein can be removed before being mineralized into ammonia and other toxic substances, avoiding the accumulation of toxic substances in the water body, and can provide the necessary dissolved oxygen to the aquaculture water body, It has a good effect on maintaining the ecological environment of aquaculture water, reducing the amount of water used for fish and shrimp aquaculture, zero exchange, isolating the entry of external pathogens, reducing the occurrence of diseases, reducing the organic load of ponds, and implementing this technology to treat fish and shrimp aquaculture water of 60-100m ³ /h, can reduce the consumption of aquaculture water by 70-80%, reduce environmental pollution, increase aquaculture output, and the aquatic organisms grow fast, the specifications are neat, and the aquaculture output is high. It can be used for the treatment and recycling of aquaculture water in the process of intensive pond aquaculture of fish, prawns, giant giant rosenbergii and crabs and other aquatic economic species, which is conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry and has high use value.

The present invention includes the following steps: setting up an aerator to increase oxygen to meet the nutritional needs of aquatic economic animals, and at the same time requiring pond water to form a circulation, which is conducive to the concentration of dissolved and suspended pollutants into the central sewage outlet for easy collection; The sewage pipe of the PVC pipe is connected to the gate of the drainage gate; a PVC elbow is set at the gate, and the PVC pipe is inserted up, and the water pump is used to pump water from the sewage pipe to the foam separator through the suction pipe; the foam separator is used for foam separation, and the foam separation The device is equipped with a drainage port, clean water enters the ozone generator, sewage enters the drainage gate, enters the sewage treatment facility through the drainage channel, and is discharged after biochemical treatment reaches the standard; the ozone generator is used to treat pathogenic organisms in the clean water, and the ozone generator is equipped with a clean water port. The clean water is recycled after entering the aquaculture pond.

The method for treating fish and shrimp culture water in the invention can reduce the consumption of culture water by 70-80%, reduce environmental pollution, improve culture yield, and the aquatic organisms grow fast, have neat specifications and high culture yield. It can be used for the treatment and recycling of aquaculture water in the process of intensive pond aquaculture of fish, prawns, giant giant rosenbergii and crabs and other aquatic economic species, which is conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry and has high use value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example 1

①Two ponds with an area of 0.23hm ² , a pond depth of 2.3m, and a water depth of 1.6m for intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei in winter sheds, with a stocking density of 3 million fish/hm ² and a yield of 30,000-37,500kg/hm ² . Equipped with bottom oxygenation facilities, and equipped with 4-6 waterwheel aerators 1 at the four corners of the pond. After 30 days of breeding, the waterwheel aerator 1 is turned on to form a circulation and concentrate pollutants to the central sewage outlet 2;

②In each pond, a PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 26.4cm is installed at the central sewage outlet 2, and the sewage pipe 3 is connected to the gate 4 of the drainage gate; a PVC elbow with an inner diameter of 26.4cm is installed at the gate 4, and a 26.4cm inner diameter is inserted PVC pipe;

③ On the dams near the drainage gates of the two ponds, 6 sets of water pumps with a power of 3kw and a head of about 5m are equipped. The water in the pool is drawn from the PVC pipe and enters the foam separator 4. Freely transition to each pond.

④ On the dams near the drainage gates of the two ponds, a foam separator 7 with a power of 3kw and an ozone generator 8 are equipped. The generator 8 treats pathogens in the clear water, and the clear water passes through the clear water outlet 10 and then circulates back to the pond for use. The separated sewage is collected in the sewage collection tank and discharged after biochemical treatment up to standard. The efficiency is 60-100m ³ /h; generally 5-7 days, the treatment time is 24-48 hours, the treatment time is adjusted according to the water pollution situation, the treatment time can be increased if the water pollution is serious, and the treatment time can be reduced if the water quality is good. Generally, ponds The aquaculture water can be kept stable for 80-100 days, and there is no need to exchange water from the open sea, reducing the horizontal transmission of pathogens such as white spot syndrome virus and reducing the occurrence of diseases. Moreover, the water temperature is stable, avoiding the exchange of external seawater, causing changes in water temperature, stress on shrimp, and accidents. The drainage hose is shared, and it can be freely switched to each pond after disinfection.

Example 2

① 4 intensive culture ponds with an area of 0.23hm ² , a pool depth of 2.5m, and a water depth of 2.0m, with a stocking density of 30,000 fish/hm ² and a yield of about 15,000kg/hm ² . The four corners are equipped with 4-6 water wheel aerators. After 60 days of breeding, the water wheel aerator 1 is turned on to form a circulation, and the pollutants are concentrated to the central sewage outlet 2;

②In each pond, a PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 26.4cm is installed at the central sewage outlet 2, and the sewage pipe 3 is connected to the gate 4 of the drainage gate; a PVC elbow with an inner diameter of 26.4cm is installed at the gate 4, and a 26.4cm inner diameter is inserted PVC pipe;

③On the dams near the drainage gates of the four ponds, 3 pumps with a power of 3kw and a lift of about 5m are equipped to pump water from the PVC pipes into the foam separator 7. The pumping hoses are shared and can be used after disinfection. Freely transition to each pond.

④ On the dams near the drainage gates of the four ponds, a foam separator 7 with a power of 3kw and an ozone generator 8 are equipped. The foam separator 7 is provided with a water outlet 9. The generator 8 treats pathogens in the clear water, and the clear water passes through the clear water outlet 10 and then circulates back to the pond for use, and the separated sewage is collected into the sewage collection tank for discharge. The efficiency is 60-100m ³ /h; generally 7-10 days, start for 24-48 hours, adjust the use time according to the water pollution situation, if the water pollution is serious, the treatment time can be increased, and the water quality can reduce the treatment time. Keeping it stable for 240-300 days without extracting water from the open sea for exchange can reduce the horizontal transmission of pathogens such as nerve necrosis virus and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Moreover, the water temperature is stable, avoiding the exchange of external seawater, causing changes in water temperature, causing stress reactions in fish, diseases and accidents. Drainage hoses are shared and can be freely switched to each pond after disinfection.

Claims (1)

1. an aquatic products fishing breeding pond breeding water is handled and recycling method, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1. aerator (1) oxygenation is set, satisfies aquatic products economic animal nutritional need, require pond water will form circulation simultaneously, help dissolving and the pollutant that suspends focuses on central sewage draining exit (2), be convenient to collect;

2. the pvc pipe road blow-off pipe (3) that is provided with in central catchment is communicated to drainage gate gate mouth (4);

3. at gate mouth (4) a PVC elbow is set, upward inserts the pvc pipe road, adopt water pump (6) by drinking-water pipe (5) from the blow-off pipe foam separator (7) that draws water;

4. adopt foam separator (7) to carry out foam and separate, clear water enters ozone generator (8), and sewage enters emptying gate (4), enters sewage treatment facility through drainage, and through biochemical treatment back up to standard discharging, foam separator (7) is provided with discharge outlet (9);

5. adopt the causal organism in ozone generator (8) the processing clear water, ozone generator (8) is provided with clean water outlet (10), and clear water is recycling after clean water outlet (10) enters cultivating pool.

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