CN101943917A - Light ray automatic-tracking device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic light tracking device, which includes a height adjustment mechanism, several photosensitive sensors, operational amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters and a single-chip microcomputer, wherein the height adjustment mechanism includes a fixed base and a housing, and the fixed base is A base plate with a photosensitive sensor installation hole; the housing has a light-transmitting hole, and a convex lens is installed on the light-transmitting hole, so as to ensure that the photosensitive sensor in the middle of the fixed base is directly opposite to the convex lens on the housing. The photocurrent generated by the above-mentioned photosensitive sensor is converted into a voltage signal and amplified by an operational amplifier circuit, and then converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter and then transmitted to a single-chip microcomputer. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, excellent performance, high precision, strong applicability and the like, and at the same time, the device is not only suitable for tracking and locating the track of the sun, but also suitable for tracking and locating the track of other luminous objects.

Description

automatic ray tracing device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic power generation systems, in particular to an automatic light tracking device, which tracks and locates the position of a visible light source according to geographical position information, local time value and visible light projection, and obtains corresponding position information.

Background technique

With the continuous development and progress of human industrial society, energy consumption is increasing, and human beings are increasingly dependent on energy. At present, the energy problem has become a worldwide problem that needs to be solved urgently. Today, as the contradiction between energy supply and demand becomes increasingly prominent, solar energy, as a clean and pollution-free renewable energy, is widely used in the photovoltaic power generation industry. However, the existing photovoltaic power generation system generally installs the solar cell components in a direction, that is, the solar cell panel cannot keep facing the sun all the time, so the solar cell panel cannot fully absorb sunlight and exert the power generation capacity of the solar cell. Experiments show that the energy receiving rate differs by 35% between sun tracking and non-tracking, so the design of intelligent sun tracking device is an important way to solve the low utilization rate of solar energy. This device can greatly increase the daily average power generation of photovoltaic modules, and reduce the cost of power generation while improving the utilization efficiency of solar power generation equipment.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic ray tracing device.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is:

An automatic light tracking device, including a height adjustment mechanism, several photosensitive sensors, operational amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters and a single-chip microcomputer,

Wherein the height adjustment mechanism includes a fixed base and a housing, the fixed base is a base plate with a photosensitive sensor installation hole; the housing has a light-transmitting hole, and a convex lens is installed on the light-transmitting hole. Ensure that the photosensitive sensor in the middle of the fixed base is facing the convex lens on the housing,

The photocurrent generated by the photosensitive sensor is converted into a voltage signal and amplified by an operational amplifier circuit, and then converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter and then transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer.

The automatic light tracking device includes a wind sensor for sensing the wind strength of the external environment.

The automatic light tracking device also includes a reference photosensitive sensor and a clock chip for judging daylight and weather conditions.

A scale is engraved on the fixed base.

The automatic ray tracing device further includes a digital tube for displaying the voltage value of each channel and the calculated ray angle.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention can be:

The invention has the characteristics of low cost, excellent performance, high precision, strong applicability and the like, and at the same time, the device is not only suitable for tracking and locating the track of the sun, but also suitable for tracking and locating the track of other luminous objects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the automatic ray tracing device of the present invention.

Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of the automatic ray tracing device of the present invention.

Fig. 2b is a schematic bottom view of the automatic ray tracing device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the automatic ray tracing device of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby.

See Figure 3. The automatic light tracking device of the present invention is a solar track tracking and positioning device. This device mainly converts the light intensity signal obtained by the photosensitive sensor array processed in a special environment into an electrical signal, and then determines the light and solar battery frame by comparing the obtained voltage signal. The board angle, and then the calculated angle information is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer sends a deflection angle signal to drive the corresponding motor to adjust until the sun shines vertically on the plane of the sensor bottom plate.

Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2a, Figure 2b. The device of the invention is mainly composed of a height adjustment mechanism, a photosensitive sensor, an operational amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a single-chip microcomputer, a wind sensor, a clock chip, a digital tube and the like.

The height adjustment mechanism is composed of two main parts: the fixed base 2 of the photosensitive sensor and the housing 1 of the height adjustment mechanism. The fixed base is a bottom plate with a photosensitive sensor installation hole, and the photosensitive sensors 6 are arranged according to the holes on the fixed bottom plate of the photosensitive sensor. Install it in the same way, and then connect the signal of the photosensitive sensor to the circuit board of the single-chip microcomputer through the cable. A light-transmitting hole close to the diameter of the photosensitive sensor is arranged on the housing of the height adjustment mechanism, and a convex lens 3 is installed on the hole. There are threads on the inner wall of the housing of the height adjustment mechanism, and threads on the outer wall of the fixed base of the photosensitive sensor. By rotating the height adjustment mechanism, the distance between the light transmission hole and the photosensitive sensor on the fixed plate and the size of the light spot can be adjusted, so as to achieve the maximum adjustment of the sensor. For the effect of viewing angle, in order to facilitate measurement, a scale 4 is engraved on the fixed base of the photosensitive sensor.

The photosensitive sensor should be installed according to the arrangement order of the photosensitive sensor mounting holes on the photosensitive sensor fixing base. It must be ensured that the photosensitive sensor in the middle is facing the convex lens mounting hole on the height adjustment mechanism housing. After the photosensitive sensor is fixed, turn the height adjustment mechanism housing Then connect the height adjustment mechanism to the base plate through the threaded hole on the photosensitive sensor fixing base and weld the photosensitive sensor. A photosensitive sensor for reference is installed on the bottom plate and the level not far from the center of the height adjustment mechanism. Other electronic components are welded on the circuit board in sequence according to the circuit diagram. During the installation process, it must be ensured that the bottom plane is level with the solar panel.

The effect of each part of the present invention is: photosensitive sensor mainly converts light intensity signal into electric signal, because the photoelectric current that it produces has better linear relationship with light intensity, so be very suitable for the present invention requirement, and through photosensitive sensor we also It can determine the cloudy or sunny conditions of the weather; the altitude adjustment mechanism is the main optical signal acquisition component, and the light deflection angle in the altitude adjustment mechanism is determined by the voltage difference between the photosensitive sensor in the altitude adjustment mechanism and the reference photosensitive sensor to determine the movement of the sun. Through its thread adjustment, we can adjust the spot to achieve the required accuracy;

There is also a reference photosensitive sensor at the horizontal direction outside the height adjustment mechanism, which is mainly used for reference of external light intensity, and can be used to judge weather conditions at the same time. It is arranged on the same plane as the photosensitive sensor at the center of the height adjustment mechanism. When the sunlight is perpendicular to the plane of the bottom plate, the light passing through the light hole only irradiates the photosensitive sensor in the center. When there is a deviation angle, the photosensitive sensor corresponding to different positions on the bottom plate will obtain different intensities of light according to the size of the deviation angle. Generate currents of different sizes and pass them to the microcontroller.

Since the photocurrent generated on the photosensitive sensor has almost nothing to do with the voltage applied across it, it only depends on the light intensity, and the photocurrent is linearly related to the light intensity, so the magnitude of the photocurrent directly reflects the light intensity. Since the photocurrent generated by the photosensitive sensor is very small, generally only a few microamperes to hundreds of microamperes, in order to ensure the accuracy of the photoelectric conversion signal, before making the comparison, the current signal is first converted into a voltage signal by means of a series resistor, because The current is very small, so the converted voltage is also relatively small, so the voltage signal after the current conversion is passed through the operational amplifier circuit to amplify the weak voltage signal, and then the voltage is compared.

Since the present invention mainly uses a single-chip microcomputer to perform voltage comparison processing, and the single-chip microcomputer can only read digital quantities, it is necessary to perform analog-to-digital conversion before transmitting data to the single-chip microcomputer for processing. The positioning accuracy is directly proportional to the size of the photosensitive sensor array. If the accuracy is improved, the size of the photosensitive sensor array must be expanded accordingly, and there are many signals to be processed and converted. In order to meet the conversion speed, accuracy and multi-channel requirements, a parallel multi-channel modulus is used. Convert design.

The amplified voltage signal is input to the single-chip microcomputer for comparison. By comparing the voltages of various channels, the single-chip microcomputer can calculate the incident angle of the sun's rays relative to the plane where the locator is located at this time. In order to facilitate observation, the voltage value of each channel and the calculated light angle can be displayed through 8-segment digital tubes, so that the adjustment of the maximum viewing angle and the positioning of the origin can be conveniently performed.

The invention is also equipped with a wind force sensor and a clock chip, and the main function of the wind sensor is to sense the wind force intensity of the external environment, so as to prevent damage to the entire system caused by excessive wind. We can know the wind force and wind direction through the wind strength sensor. When the wind is strong, the microcontroller will send a signal to make the solar panel flat, reducing the damage to the solar panel by the wind. Through the clock chip, we can know the sun corresponding to the day and each time. Angle, so that the panel can be adjusted very well.

The working process of the present invention is as follows: firstly, by referring to the photosensitive sensor and the clock chip, it is judged that the daytime and the weather are cloudy or sunny. The sensor generates a weak photocurrent under the sunlight, and the photoelectricity is converted into a voltage signal after being converted by the circuit. The reference photosensitive sensor is exposed to sunlight, and the photocurrent generated by it is converted into a voltage signal. The voltage signal generated by the sensor is amplified and compared, and the differential pressure value after the differential operation amplifier circuit is sent to the single-chip microcomputer through the analog-to-digital converted differential pressure digital signal, and the single-chip microcomputer calculates the angle information of the sun light according to the differential pressure situation, and the controller based on The angle information is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel. If it is determined that it is daytime, but the sky is overcast, the single-chip microcomputer will take out the sun angle stored in the storage according to the time provided by the clock chip, and then drive the motor to adjust the height of the solar panel. If it is determined to be night, the solar energy panels will be put away, and some power sources will be cut off automatically. In case of strong winds, the solar panels will be laid flat according to the wind direction to avoid damage to the solar panels by strong winds.

By referring to the photosensitive sensor in this device, we can know the cloudy or sunny conditions of the weather. According to the cloudy or sunny conditions, we can determine whether to use the sun angle corresponding to the time or the value determined by the photosensitive sensor. Accurate positioning. Therefore, compared with other devices, the present invention has the characteristics of complete functions, low cost, good effect, high precision and wide application range.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation scope of the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims (5)

1. a light autotracker is characterized in that comprising height adjustment mechanism, several light sensors, operational amplifier, analog to digital converter and single-chip microcomputer,

Wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises firm banking and housing, and described firm banking is a base plate that has the light sensor mounting hole; A light hole is arranged on the described housing, on this light hole convex lens is installed, guarantee the light sensor of described firm banking center and the convex lens on the housing over against,

The photocurrent that described light sensor produces amplifies by operational amplification circuit after converting voltage signal to, then through analog to digital converter, passes to single-chip microcomputer after converting digital signal to.

2. light autotracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising wind sensor, is used for the wind-force intensity of perception external environment.

3. light autotracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that this device also comprises with reference to light sensor and clock chip, is used to judge daytime and weather situation rain or shine.

4. light autotracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that being carved with rule on the described firm banking.

5. light autotracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that this device also comprises charactron, is used to show the magnitude of voltage of each passage and the light angle that calculates.

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