CN101926900B - 一种足浴组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种足浴组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101926900B CN101926900B CN200910087256XA CN200910087256A CN101926900B CN 101926900 B CN101926900 B CN 101926900B CN 200910087256X A CN200910087256X A CN 200910087256XA CN 200910087256 A CN200910087256 A CN 200910087256A CN 101926900 B CN101926900 B CN 101926900B
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Abstract
本发明公开一种足浴组合物及其制备方法,足浴组合物,由如下原料制成:麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、乳香、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、马钱子、苏木、徐长卿。本发明的足浴组合物可以被制备成任何一种常用的外用剂型,本发明组合物利用多种中药的活性成分的相互协同作用,达到补气养血、通经活络、散寒止痛、祛风除湿、安神镇静、补肾活血,有效的缓解疲劳和亚健康状况,预防疾病的效果,而且作用迅速,疗效显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种浴足的组合物及其制备方法,特别涉及一种源自植物的足浴组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
足与人体健康关系密切,《黄帝内经》记载:阴脉集于足下,而聚于足心,谓经脉之行;三经皆起于足,即足部是三阴经的起点,三阳经的终点。足掌有300多处穴位、67个反射区,是人体的一个缩影。《素问-厥论》中说:“阳气起于足五趾之表,阴气起于足五趾之里”。足部是足三阴、足三阳经脉的根部、本部所在,是足三阴、足三阳六经的起止处,其经脉的井、荥、输、经、合五输穴也分布在这里,刺激这些足部经穴,就可以调节人体阴阳二气的平衡,达到阴平阳秘,精神乃治的目的,对全身的机能状态起到充分调节作用。通过足浴和足部按摩刺激,促使全身血液循环改善,调节各脏腑器官的功能,改善内脏产生的病理变化,治疗相应脏器疾病的目的,从而恢复人体阴阳平衡状态,提高机体自我防御及免疫力。
中药足浴是采用中药煎汁泡脚,从足部给药,通过皮肤黏膜吸收和药液的温热熏洗使药物离子迅速进入到血液中,并随血液循环快速输布到全身,不经过胃肠的破坏,直接作用于患处,充分发挥药物的有效成份,从而达到治疗和保健的目的。中药足浴中药物的摄取和内服药物相比具有疗效快、舒适、安全、方便、无毒副作用等优点,药物的有效成分未经胃肠破坏,同时也不会增加肝肾的负担。浴足,既避免了药物对肠胃的刺激及肝、肾的损害,又防止了胃液及肝脏对药物吸收的影响,无副作用,提高了药物的利用率,比普通的温水足浴有更强的针对性,治疗和保健效果都十分显著。
传统疾病的治疗用药需经医生指导,且易产生抗药性,同时一般药物对人体都会产生不同程度、不同效果的负面影响,尤其对肝、肾功能会有不同程度的损害。因此寻找一种安全、有效、方便实用的外用药物预防与治疗全身各系统疾病,是目前迫切需要解决的问题。
随着社会的发展,生活节奏的加快,来自于社会、工作、生活等方面的压力越来越大,人类生活方式的改变以及环境污染的影响,各种疾病的发病率越来越高,人们的生活水平日益提高,保健意识不断增强,越来越多的人逐渐重视足浴保健,对中药足浴的研究与开发日渐增多,越来越多的人采用中药组合物进行足浴,采用的中药种类和制备方法都不相同。例如:公开号为CN1301567的中国发明专利申请公开了一种中药保健泡脚液及其制备方法,包括下列成份的原料:山楂,天麻,桑枝,浮小麦,该泡脚液具有活血通络,消除疲劳的功效,对人体足部因血流不畅而引起的各种疾病有一定的治疗和预防作用,该泡脚液能抗脚病菌,消除脚异味,防治脚汗且对人体有一定的降压作用;公开号为CN101167692的发明专利申请公开了一种外用中草药保健品,该种中草药保健足浴组合物,以重量计,由红花3-25g,川楝子5-55g,鸡血藤10-80g,黄柏5-45g,艾叶5-50g,蛇床子5-50g,黄梁木叶10-100g,薄荷5-40g和生盐5-30g组成,将各组分加工分装而成,适用于脚气、脚痒、脚臭、汗脚、角质粗糙及脚部内伤引起的肿痛;公开号为CN1660264的发明专利申请公开了一种浴足中药组合物及其制备方法,主要是由下列重量份的原料药制成:互叶白千层粉20-90份、香叶天竺葵粉2-25份、金银花粉1-18份、芦荟粉5-25份、冰片1-10份,根据需要,还可以添加黄连、干姜、荆介、黄柏、白芷、地肤子和野菊花,或薄荷、野菊花、千里光和玉洁新,或苦参、桉叶、白鲜皮、千里光制作成药物,该中药组合物主要用于足部,用于提神、活血、芳香、滋润、保健和治疗真菌引起的足部皮肤疾病;公开号为CN101313886的专利申请公开了一种浴足保健中药水,由下述重量配比按份计的药材制成:甘松0.5~2份,艾叶7~15份,苦参1~4份,苍耳子1~5份,桉叶0.5~3份。使用时将上述重量配比的原料,切成片、节或磨成粉状,然后按照原料与水为1∶50~100的重量配比加水,用微火熬30~100分钟,冷却至40~45℃时即得。
上述足浴中药组合物主要是针对由真菌引起的足部皮肤疾病和对足部进行清洁和美容,达到消除脚异味,防治脚汗,预防和治疗脚部皮肤疾病的目的;虽然有的足浴组合物涉及通经活血、祛风散寒、理气止痛等功效,但是由于对中药足浴的研究处于初级阶段,疗效不明确,使用不方便,难以大面积推广,不能满足人们日常生活消费的需求。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是针对上述问题提供一种足浴组合物及其制备方法,本发明组合物利用多种中药的活性成分的相互协同作用,补气养血、通经活络、散寒止痛、祛风除湿、安神镇静、补肾活血,有效的缓解疲劳和亚健康,预防疾病,作用迅速,疗效显著。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明一方面提供一种足浴组合物,包括如下原料:麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、乳香、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、马钱子、苏木、徐长卿。
其中,原料的重量份配比为:麻黄10-30、桂枝20-40、川椒15-30、苦参30-50、白藓皮20-35、紫荆皮10-30、蛇床子12-30、地肤子15-35、刘寄奴12-40、透骨草15-35、伸筋草20-40、千年健20-50、追地风25-45、荆芥15-40、防风10-35、细辛12-30、艾叶15-32、苍术10-30、乳香20-45、甘松15-50、黄芪10-45、独活12-35、穿山甲30-80、马钱子20-40、苏木10-35、徐长卿10-40。
特别是,所述原料的重量份配比为:麻黄20-30、桂枝20-30、川椒20-30、苦参30-40、白藓皮20-30、紫荆皮20-30、蛇床子20-30、地肤子20-30、刘寄奴20-30、透骨草20-30、伸筋草20-30、千年健30-40、追地风30-40、荆芥20-30、防风20-30、细辛20-30、艾叶20-30、苍术20-30、乳香20-30、甘松20-40、黄芪20-30、独活20-30、穿山甲30-60、马钱子20-30、苏木20-30、徐长卿20-30。
本发明足浴组合物选择麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、乳香、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、马钱子、苏木、徐长卿进行组合制备而成,具有补气养血、通经活络、散寒止痛、祛风除湿、安神镇静、补肾活血的功效。以麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、穿山甲、防风、细辛、乳香、独活、马钱子、苏木、徐长卿等祛风除湿、温经散寒、通经活血药组合共做君药,大量祛风散寒药物,通调经脉,行气活血;辅以补养气血之黄芪,气血双补,使气血充足,气血运行加速,气为血帅,血为气母,气冲则和血旺,血旺则气足,配合祛风活血药物发挥作用为臣药;佐以甘松,辛香通络,为佐药;艾叶温经散寒,引药入经为使药。君药、臣药、佐药和使药相互配合,使得各药材中的活性成分产生协同作用,相互增进其功效。
麻黄为麻黄科植物草麻黄、中麻黄或木贼麻黄的干燥草质茎,性温,味辛、微苦,归肺、膀胱经,具有的功能是发汗散寒,宣肺平喘,利水消肿,主要用于风寒感冒,胸闷喘咳,风水浮肿;支气管哮喘。蜜麻黄润肺止咳。多用于表症已解,气喘咳嗽。
麻黄的主要化学成分是生物碱,生物碱含量为1-2%,主要为麻黄碱,其次为伪麻黄碱及微量的1-N-甲基麻黄碱、d-N-甲基伪麻黄碱、1-去甲基麻黄碱、d-去甲基伪麻黄碱、麻黄次碱;还含有挥发油,挥发油中含有1-α-松油醇;儿茶鞣质、黄酮甙、菊粉、和有机酸。麻黄对心血管系统具有促进作用,对血管的收缩作用温和而持久,能使冠状血管扩张,增加冠脉流量,对脑、肌肉血管具有扩张作用,增加血流量;麻黄具有发汗解热的作用,麻黄挥发油,在体外试验对流感病毒有抑制作用,给感染A型、PR8型流感病毒的小白鼠皮下注射有治疗、解热降温作用;麻黄碱对支气管平滑肌的解痉作用持久,特别在支气管处于痉挛状态时其作用更显著;对骨胳肌有抗疲劳作用,能促进被箭毒所抑制的神经肌肉间的传导,可用于重症肌无力的治疗;麻黄有抗菌作用。麻黄挥发油对流感嗜血杆菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠球菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,对亚洲甲型流感病毒有抑制作用,对甲型流感病毒PR,株感染的小鼠有治疗作用;麻黄水提物口服或腹腔注射有镇咳平喘祛痰作用,还具有有显着的利尿作用。
桂枝为樟科植物肉桂的干燥嫩枝。性温,味辛、甘;归心、肺、膀胱经,具有发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气的功效,主要用于治疗风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸。
桂枝含大量的挥发油主要成分为桂皮醛、苯甲酸苄酯、乙酸肉桂酯、β-荜澄茄烯、菖莆烯、香豆精等。现代药理研究表明桂枝醇提物在体外能抑制大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、志贺氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒和副伤寒甲杆菌、肺炎球菌、产气杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、霍乱弧菌的生长和代谢;桂枝煎剂对流感亚洲甲型京科68-1株和孤儿病毒有抑制作用,对流感病毒有抑制作用;桂枝还具有利尿的作用。
川椒为芸香科植物青椒或花椒的干燥成熟果皮,秦产名秦椒,俗名花椒。川椒性温,味辛;归脾、胃、肾经,具有温中止痛,燥湿杀虫的作用,主要用于治疗脘腹冷痛吐泻,虫积腹痛,湿疮瘙痒。配苦参,地肤子、明矾煎汁熏洗,治湿疹瘙痒。
苦参为豆科植物苦参的干燥根,性寒,味苦,归心、肝、胃、大肠、膀胱经,具有清热燥湿,杀虫,利尿的功能,用于治疗热痢,便血,黄疸尿闭,赤白带下,阴肿阴痒,湿疹,湿疮,皮肤瘙痒,疥癣麻风;外治滴虫性阴道炎。苦参有小毒,用量不易过大。苦参中含有多种生物碱,主要成分为d-苦参碱、d-氧化苦参碱、槐花醇1-臭豆碱、1-甲基金雀花碱、1-穿叶赝靛碱及槐果碱。还含黄酮类:黄腐醇、异黄腐醇、3,4′,5-三羟-7-甲氧-8-异戊烯基黄酮、8-异戊烯基山柰酚等。
苦参的药理作用如下:(1)利尿作用:苦参煎剂及其中所含之苦参碱给兔口服或注射,皆可产生利尿作用;(2)抗肿瘤作用:苦参碱在体外具有降低小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞抑制P815肿瘤细胞增殖的效应、槐果碱在实验小鼠体内对S-180、U-14.ECA、L等瘤株均表现明显的抑制作用。各单体生物碱的抑瘤率均在35%以上;另外苦参碱对慢性粒细胞白血病外周多向造血祖细胞集落产生率有显着的抑制作用,抑制率达0.76;苦参水煎液显着地诱导白血病细胞向单核巨噬细胞方向分化;(3)升白细胞作用:氧化苦参碱可防止小鼠因MMC、环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症,静脉注射或肌肉注射苦参总碱和氧化苦参碱对正常家兔外周血白细胞数有明显的升高作用,升白效果优于鲨肝醇;(4)苦参生物碱有扩张血管和对急性心肌缺血的保护作用、降压作用明显,氧化苦参碱还可增加心房收缩力;(5)抗病原体作用:苦参煎剂对结核杆菌有抑制作用;水浸剂在体外对常见的皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。醇浸膏在体外尚有抗滴虫作用。
白鲜皮为芸香科植物白鲜的干燥根皮,性寒、味苦,有小毒,归脾、胃、膀胱经,具有清热燥湿,祛风解毒的作用。主要用于治疗湿热疮毒,黄水淋漓,湿疹,风疹,疥癣疮癞,风湿热痹,黄疸尿赤。白鲜皮中含有白鲜碱、白鲜内酯、谷甾醇、黄柏酮酸、胡芦巴碱、胆碱、梣皮酮。尚含菜油甾醇、茵芋碱、γ-崖椒碱、白鲜明碱。药理作用表面白鲜皮具有抗菌作用,水浸液对多种致病真菌如堇色毛癣菌、同心性毛癣菌、许兰氏黄癣菌,均有不同程度的抑制作用;具有解热、降温作用;对心脏有兴奋作用,使心肌张力增加,分钟输出量及博出量均增加。
紫荆皮为木兰科南五味子属植物南五味子;千屈菜科紫薇属植物紫薇及豆科紫荆属植物紫荆等的树皮,性平,味苦,归肝、脾经。紫荆皮具有活血通经,消肿止痛,解毒的作用,用于月经不调,痛经,经闭腹痛,风湿性关节炎,跌打损伤,咽喉肿痛;外用治痔疮肿痛,虫蛇咬伤。
紫荆皮含有鞣质、挥发油和微量赖氨酸和天门冬氨酸,挥发油主要有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、苎烯、龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯等成分。紫荆皮煎剂灌服对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀及角叉菜胶所致小鼠足肿胀均有显着抑制作用,并能明显抑制醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数,表明有明显抗炎、镇痛作用;紫荆皮煎剂还可以抑制离体大鼠十二指肠平滑肌的自发运动,使收缩幅度降低,频率减少,还具有显著拮抗乙酰胆碱、氯化钡所致肠管痉挛,表明具有解痉作用;此外,紫荆皮煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌和痢疾杆菌以及红色毛癣菌等有一定抑制作用;还可抑制流感病毒,并延缓埃可病毒所致细胞病变。
蛇床子为伞形科植物蛇床的干燥成熟果实,性温,味辛、苦,有小毒;归肾经。蛇床子具有温肾壮阳,燥湿,祛风,杀虫的作用,用于阳痿,宫冷,寒湿带下,湿痹腰痛;外治外阴湿疹,妇人阴痒;滴虫性阴道炎。
蛇床子含大量的挥发油,主要成分为蒎烯、莰烯、异戊酸龙脑酯、异龙脑。又含甲氧基欧芹酚,蛇床明素,异虎耳草素,佛手柑内酯,二氢山芹醇及其当归酸酯、乙酸酯和异戊酸酯,蛇床定,异丁酰氧基二氢山芹醇乙酸酯。现代药理研究说明蛇床子具有抗滴虫作用,中医外用治疗滴虫性阴道炎;蛇床子素、佛手柑内酯和异虎耳草素体外试验对须发癣菌有强的活性;花椒毒酚具有显着的抗霉菌作用;抗心律失常的作用:蛇床子水提物对氯仿诱发的小鼠室颤、氯化钙诱发的大鼠室颤及对鸟头碱诱发的大鼠心律失常均有预防作用;平喘作用:蛇床子能扩张支气管平滑肌,使哮喘患者肺部哮鸣音明显减少或消失,显著增高呼气高峰流速值,改善肺部通气功能。
地肤子为藜科植物地肤的干燥成熟果实,性寒,味辛、苦;归肾、膀胱经;具有清热利湿,祛风止痒。用于小便涩痛,阴痒带下,风疹,湿疹,皮肤瘙痒。地肤子含有三萜皂甙、挥发油和生物碱,三萜皂甙主要为齐墩果酸、3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基]齐墩果酸。地肤子的水浸剂在试管内对许兰氏黄癣菌,奥社盎氏小芽胞癣菌等皮肤真菌有抑制作用。对星形奴卡菌、铁锈色小芽孢癣菌、羊毛样小芽孢癣菌等皮肤真菌均有等均有抑制作用;对伤寒杆菌有抑制作用;还具有对小鼠单核巨噬细胞系统及迟发型超敏反应有抑制作用。
刘寄奴为菊科植物奇蒿的全草,性温,味苦;归心、脾经;具有破血通经,敛疮消肿的功效,治疗经闭症瘕,胸腹胀痛,产后血瘀,跌打损伤,金疮出血,痈毒焮肿。刘寄奴含有挥发油、黄酮类和香豆素类化合物,主要有奇蒿黄酮、小麦黄素、脱肠草素、东莨菪素、伞形花内酯、三裂鼠尾草素、喘诺木烯内酯、狭叶墨西哥蒿素、去氢母菊内酯酮等,动物实验证明,刘寄奴能解除平滑肌痉挛、加速血液循环和促进凝血。
透骨草又称透骨香,为杜鹃花科植物云南白珠树的茎叶,性温,味辛;归肺、肝、肾经;具有祛风除湿;散寒止痛;活血通络;化痰止咳的功效,主要用于治疗风湿痹痛;胃寒疼痛;跌打损伤;咳嗽多痰。透骨草含有0.5-0.8%的挥发油,主要成分为水杨酸甲酯,具有解热、镇痛以及抗风湿的作用。
伸筋草又叫舒筋草,为石松科植物石松的干燥全草,性温,味辛、微苦;归肝、脾、肾经;具有祛风除湿,舒筋活络的作用,用于治疗关节酸痛,屈伸不利。伸筋草全草含有生物碱、有机酸和萜类化合物,主要成分为石松碱、棒石松碱、棒石松洛宁碱、法氏石松碱、石松灵碱等;香荚兰酸、阿魏酸、壬二酸等酸性物质;芒柄花醇、伸筋草醇、石松醇、石松宁、16-氧山芝烯二醇等三萜化合物。伸筋草水浸剂对由皮下注射枯草浸剂引起发热之家兔有降温、利尿、增进尿酸排泄解除小儿之痉挛性尿潴留及便秘等作用。
千年健为天南星科平丝芋属植物千年健的干燥根茎,性温,味辛、苦;归肝、肾经,具有祛风湿,健筋骨,活血止痛,消肿的功能,用于风寒湿痹,腰膝冷痛,下肢拘挛麻木。千年健含约0.69%的挥发油主要成分有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、橙花醇、香叶醇、丁香油酚、香叶醛、β-松油醇、异龙脑、松油烯-4-醇、文藿香醇等。千年健的抑菌作用主要表现为:其挥发油显著抑制布氏杆菌的生长。
追地风又称桐叶藤、利筋藤、钻地风、南宁地枫皮、地风,为木兰科八角茴香属植物地枫皮的干燥树皮。药性温,味辛、涩,有小毒;归脾、胃经;具有祛风除湿、行气止痛的功效,主治风湿关节痛;腰肌劳损;蜈蚣咬伤。追地风含0.30%-0.71%的挥发油,主要成分为α-和β-蒎烯、樟烯、1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇、黄樟醚、樟脑、乙酸龙脑酯、月桂烯等。
荆芥为唇形科植物荆芥的干燥地上部分,性微温,味辛;归肺、肝经;具有解表散风,透疹之功效,用于治疗感冒,头痛,麻疹,风疹,疮疡初起。炒炭治便血,崩漏,产后血晕。荆芥含有大量的挥发油,其主要成分为胡薄荷酮、薄荷酮、异薄荷酮、异胡薄荷酮和少量右旋柠檬烯等。
荆芥具有解热镇痛的作用,其中的薄荷酮为镇痛的主要成分;具有抗病原微生物作用,如荆芥煎剂体外试验对金黄色葡萄球菌和白喉杆菌有较强的抗菌作用,其次还抑制炭疽杆菌、乙型链球菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌、人型结核杆菌;还具有抑制癌细胞的作用,荆芥煎剂有明显抑制小鼠耳廓肿胀作用,对醋酸引起的炎症亦有明显抗炎作用,荆芥的抗炎成分主要是1-胡薄荷酮。
防风为伞形科植物防风的干燥根,性温,味辛、甘;归膀胱、肝、脾经;具有解表祛风,胜湿,止痉的作用,感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,风疹瘙痒,破伤风。防风含挥发油、甘露醇、苦味甙、色酮等,防风的煎剂具有明显的解热、镇痛的药理作用,给小鼠灌服防风醇浸出液,痛阈明显提高;防风的汁液抑制绿脓杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的生长;防风煎剂对溶血性链球菌及痢疾杆菌也有抗菌作用;还有抗炎、抗过敏等作用。
细辛为马兜铃科植物北细辛、汉城细辛或华细辛的干燥全草,性温,味辛;归心、肺、肾经;具有祛风散寒,通窍止痛,温肺化饮。用于风寒感冒,头痛,牙痛,鼻塞鼻渊,风湿痹痛,痰饮喘咳。细辛含有挥发油,主要成分为甲基丁香油酚、细辛酮、细辛素、1,8-桉叶素、龙脑等;其他有黄樟醚、β-蒎烯、优葛缕酮、酚性物质等。
药理研究表明细辛具有局部麻醉的作用,其水浸剂或醇浸剂能阻断蛙坐骨神经的冲动传导;细辛的挥发油能能够降低体温,具有解热镇痛的功效,其镇痛的强度与安替匹林相似;细辛对溶血性链球菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、结核杆菌有抑制作用;还具有降低血压的作用;还能缓解或消除由新斯的明引起的气管痉挛。
艾叶为菊科植物艾的干燥叶,性温、味辛、苦,有小毒,归肝、脾、肾经,具有散寒止痛,温经止血之功效,主要用于少腹冷痛,经寒不调,宫冷不孕,吐血,衄血,崩漏经多,妊娠下血;外治皮肤瘙痒。
艾叶中含有挥发油,油中主要为I,8-桉叶精、α-侧柏酮、α-水芹烯、β-丁香烯、莰烯、樟脑、藏茴香酮、反式苇醇、I-α-松油醇。药理作用表面艾叶对心血管等具有治疗作用,水浸液对心脏有增强其收缩力,增加冠脉血流量,抑制拟肾上腺素的作用。
苍术是菊科植物茅苍术或北苍术的干燥根茎,性温、味辛、苦,归肝、脾、胃经,具有燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目的作用,主要用于脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿躄,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,夜盲。
苍术中含有大量的挥发油,主要成分是苍术醇、苍术酮、茅术醇、苍术呋哺烃、β-桉叶醇等。药理试验表明苍术所含挥发油有驱风健胃作用,苍术有明显的抗副交感神经介质乙酰胆碱引起的肠痉挛的作用,促进胃肠运动;苍术能明显促进肝蛋白的合成。生药及其所含苍术醇、苍术酮、B-桉叶醇对四氯化碳诱发的一级培养鼠肝细胞损害均有显着的预防作用;苍术浸提液具有抗菌消毒的作用。
乳香是橄榄科乳香树属植物乳香树、药胶香树及野乳香树的树干皮部伤口渗出的油胶树脂,性温、味辛、苦,归心、肝、脾经,具有活血止痛的作用,主要用于治疗心腹诸痛,筋脉拘挛,跌打损伤,疮痈肿痛;外用消肿生肌。
乳香中含有大量的树脂、树胶,其中树脂含量为60-70%,树胶含量为27-35%;另外还含有挥发油,挥发油的含量为3-8%。树脂的主要成分为游离α、β-乳香脂酸,结合乳香脂酸,乳香树脂烃。树胶的主要成分为阿糖酸的钙盐和镁盐,西黄芪胶粘素;此外还含有苦味质;挥发油呈淡黄色,有芳香,含蒎烯,消旋-柠檬烯及α、β-水芹烯。乳香具有镇痛和消炎防腐的作用,乳香能促进多核白血球增加,以吞噬死亡的血球及细胞,改善新陈代谢,从而起消炎作用。
甘松为败酱科植物甘松或匙叶甘松的干燥根及根茎,性温,味辛、甘,归脾、胃经,具有理气止痛,开郁醒脾的作用,主要用于脘腹胀满、食欲不振,呕吐;外治牙痛,脚肿。甘松中含有的化学成分主要有多种倍半萜类成分,如缬草萜酮、甘松新酮、甘松酮、广藿香醇、甘松香醇等;单萜成分,如α-和β-蒎烯,3-蒈烯等;环烯醚萜化合物,如甘松二酯;三萜,如齐墩果酸、熊果酸、β-谷甾醇等;生物碱成分:如猕猴桃碱等。甘松对中枢神经具有镇静和抗心律不整的作用,对异位性室性节律(冠状动脉二期结扎术后的不麻醉犬)的抑制作用强;甘松的醇提取物在离体平滑肌器官上,具有拮抗组织胺、5-羟色胺及乙酰胆碱的作用;还具有拮抗氯化钡引起的痉挛的作用;甘松的挥发油具有抗菌、驱风及解痉作用。
黄芪豆科植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根,性温,味甘,气薄而味浓,可升可降,无毒。专补气。归肺、脾经,具有补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌的功效,用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚痿黄,内热消渴;慢性肾炎蛋白尿,糖尿病。
黄芪中的主要成分为黄酮类化合物,毛蕊异黄酮、3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷,还含黄芪皂甙I、V、III,还含有胆碱、甜菜碱、氨基酸、蔗糖、葡萄糖醛酸及微量的叶酸。
黄芪的功用甚多,尤其是补血的功用。黄芪能使管状血管和肾脏血管扩张,并使全身末梢血管扩张,皮肤循环畅盛,血压下降;能加强心脏收缩,对衰竭的心脏有强心作用;黄芪具有降低血糖和抑菌的作用,黄芪在体外对志贺氏痢疾杆菌、炭疽杆菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、白喉杆菌、假白喉杆菌、肺炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、柠檬色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等均有抑制作用。
独活是伞形科植物重齿毛当归的干燥根,性微温,味辛、苦,归肾、膀胱经,具有祛风除湿,通痹止痛的功效,主要用于风寒湿痹,腰膝疼痛,少阴伏风头痛。
独活含有当归醇、当归素、佛手柑内酯、欧芹酚甲醚、伞形花内酯、东莨菪素、当归酸、巴豆酸、棕桐酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸、植物甾醇、葡萄糖和少量挥发油。白芷素、虎耳草素、佛手柑内酯、花椒毒素、牛防风素、异虎耳草素、异佛手柑内酯等多种呋喃香豆精类。药理试验表明,独活具有拮抗钙通道阻滞剂受体的活性,独活煎剂能明显延长小鼠热板法造成的动物疼痛反应时间,表明独活有明显镇痛作用。独活流浸膏、独活煎剂给小鼠或大鼠灌胃或皮下注射给药,动物外观均表现镇静催眠状态;在体外独活对11种菌株试验表明有广泛的抗菌谱;对实验性胃溃疡有中等强度的保护作用。独活含有的花椒毒素和香柑内酯对艾氏腹水癌细胞有杀灭作用。
穿山甲为鲮鲤科动物穿山甲的鳞甲,性微寒,味咸,归肝、胃经,具有通经下乳,消肿排脓,搜风通络的作用,主要用于经闭癓瘕,乳汁不通,痈肿疮毒,关节痹痛,麻木拘挛。穿山甲的鳞片含硬脂酸、胆甾醇、N-丁基-二十三(碳)酰胺、碳原子数为26-29的两个脂肪族酰胺,环(L-丝氨酰-L酪氨酰)二肽、环(D-丝氨酰-L-酪氨酰)-L-酪氨酰二肽、又含多种矿物元素和多种游离氨基酸。还含挥发油和水溶性生物碱等。穿山甲具有降低血液粘度和延长凝血时间的作用;穿山甲片的水提液、醇提液具有抗炎作用;穿山甲片中的环二肽VI和VII能够提高小白鼠常压缺氧的耐受能力。
马钱子为马钱科植物马钱或云南马钱的干燥成熟种子,性温,味苦,有大毒,归肝、脾经,具有通络止痛,散结消肿的功效,用于风湿顽痹,麻木瘫痪,跌扑损伤,痈疽肿痛;小儿麻痹后遗症,类风湿性关节痛。马钱子中含多种生物碱,可分为三种类型:①“正”系列生物碱,如番木鳖碱、马钱子碱、异番木鳖碱、异马钱子碱等;②“伪”系列生物碱,如伪番木鳖碱、伪马钱子碱等;③“N”-甲基伪”系列生物碱,如N-甲基-断-伪番木鳖碱、番木鳖次碱、N-甲基-断-伪马钱子碱等;还含有环烯醚单萜类化合物:如马钱子甙、马钱子甙酸、去氧马钱子甙、马钱子酮甙、开链马钱子甙等。
药理研究表明马钱子对中枢神经系统有兴奋的作用,首先兴奋脊髓的反射机能,其次兴奋延髓的呼吸中枢及血管运动中枢,并能提高大脑皮质的感觉中枢机能;对人体淋巴细胞具有显著的作用,临床上由于治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血,马钱子煎液能够显著提高体外人淋巴细胞有丝分裂指数;可刺激味觉感受器反射,增加胃液分泌,促进消化机能和食欲;马钱子的水煎剂在试管内对许兰氏黄癣菌,奥杜盎氏小芽胞癣菌有抑制作用并能完全抑制流感嗜血杆菌,肺炎双球菌,甲型链球菌和卡他球菌的生长。
苏木是豆科云实属植物苏木的干燥心材,性平,味甘、咸,归心、肝、脾经,具有行血祛瘀,消肿止痛的作用,主要用于治疗妇人血气心腹痛,经闭,产后瘀血胀痛喘急,痢疾,破伤风,痈肿,扑损瘀滞作痛。苏木的木部含无色的原色素-巴西苏木素约2%。巴西苏木素遇空气即氧化为巴西苏木红素。另含苏木酚,可做有机试剂,检查铝离子。又含挥发油,油的主要成分为水芹烯及罗勒烯。还含鞣质。
徐长卿为双子叶植物萝藦科牛皮消属植物徐长卿的干燥根及根茎,性温、味辛,归肝、胃经,具有祛风化湿,止痛止痒。主要用于风湿痹痛,胃痛胀满,牙痛,腰痛,跌扑损伤,荨麻疹、湿疹。徐长卿全草含牡丹酚约1%,还含有肉珊瑚甙元、去酰牛皮泊甙元、茸毛牛奶藤甙元和去酰萝藦甙元,黄酮甙、糖类、氨基酸以及醋酸、桂皮酸、异丹皮酚、硬脂酸癸酯、蜂花烷、十六烯、β-谷甾醇和D-赤丝草醇等。
动物实验表明徐长卿提取液对小鼠有镇痛作用,牡丹酚可使小鼠痛阈提高。牡丹酚还具有镇静作用;徐长卿煎剂能增加冠状动脉血流量,改善心肌代谢,从而缓解心肌缺血,降低血压作用;徐长卿还能降血脂,喂饲实验性高血脂症兔,血中胆固醇含量明显下降,嗜碱性的细胞上升;此外徐长卿还有抗菌的作用抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型链球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌的生长。
本发明的足浴保健组合物可以制成散剂、液体制剂,通过浴足这种外用给药方式使用。
本发明另一方面提供一种上述足浴组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将原料麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、苏木、徐长卿粉碎后混合均匀,制得混合料;
2)将马钱子、乳香分别粉碎后加入到混合料中,搅拌均匀,即得。
其中,步骤1)、步骤2)中所述粉碎后的原料的粒度为30-100目,优选为50-70目。
本发明制备的足浴组合物使用时,每天温水泡脚1-3次,每次30-50克(生药),连续使用15天后,可以缓解疲劳、强身健体、预防和治疗感冒。
本发明制备的足浴组合物具有如下优点:
1、本发明的足浴组合物由多种中药成分复合而成,组合物中的散寒止痛、祛风除湿的活性成分,相互协同作用,直接针病因,在佐药和使药是作用下引药透经入络,增加君药和臣药药物的渗透,直达病所,治疗效果快,作用迅速。
2、本发明的足浴组合物治疗和预防中老年人的风寒感冒效果显著,治愈率达到70%,总有效率达到98%。
3、本发明的足浴组合物由天然中草药组成,具有抗过敏功能,在使用过程中未见明显不良反应。
4、本发明的足浴组合物显著缓解疲劳,强身健体,改善亚健康状况;其中含有的苦参、白藓皮、蛇床子、地肤子,还具有杀菌护肤之功能;含有的桂枝、马钱子、透骨草、伸筋草,还具有舒筋止痛的作用,对于关节疼痛,皮肤瘙痒均有效果。
5、本发明制备的足浴组合物无毒副作用,制备工艺简单,产品质量高并且使用方便。
具体实施方式
以下通过实验例来进一步阐述本发明所述足浴组合物的治疗中老年人风寒感冒的效果。
试验例1本发明足浴组合物治疗风寒感冒的效果的临床观察
(一)一般资料:
本发明足浴组合物(散剂)共经过140例观察了解治疗风寒感冒的效果;
试用者为男女各70人,年龄40-70岁,中医辩证为风寒感冒,具有恶寒发热、无汗、头身疼痛、鼻塞、流清涕、咳嗽、打喷嚏等症状。采用使用用本发明组合物和服用感冒清热颗粒对照方式进行比较,随机分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组100人,对照组40人。
(二)使用方法
取本足浴组合物适量,加水并加热至沸腾,使组合物保持沸腾10-15分钟,然后待药液和药渣的温度降低至40℃左右后,进行足浴,浴足时药液淹过脚踝部,且要时常缓慢搓动,其中,加入的水与组合物的重量之比为50∶1;足浴过程中保持药液温度为40℃左右,每次浴足20-60分钟;浴足后休息20-40分钟。
每天浴足1-3次,每天使用1袋(每袋含生药50g),连续使用3天,孕妇禁用,受试者在试验期间停止使用其他足浴保健品。
对照组给予感冒清热颗粒,每日3次,每次1-2袋。疗程3天,观察治疗前后体温、症候、体征的变化情况及不良反应。
(三)疗效判断标准
疗效标准用积分法。
治愈:用药3天,症状体征消失,积分为0分;
显效:用药3天,症状明显减轻,大部分体征消失,积分减少≥70%;
有效:用药3天,症状减轻,部分体征消失,积分减少≥30%;
无效:用药3天,不能使症状体征消失,积分减少≥30%。
(四)试验结果
实验结果如表1所示。
表1
| 总例数 | 治愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效 | |
| 治疗组 | 100 | 70 | 26 | 2 | 2 | 98% |
| 对照组 | 40 | 25 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 92.5% |
结果表明:
1、本发明足浴组合物对中老年风寒感冒的总体疗效治疗组优于对照组,治疗组的治愈率达到70%,总有效率达到98%;
2、本发明的足浴组合物的疗效确切,对中老年风寒感冒的各项主要症状均有明显改善作用,治疗前后积分明显下降。本发明足浴组合物使用方便,在使用过程中未见明显不良反应。
实施例1
1)按照以下配比称取原料(单位:kg)
麻黄10、桂枝40、川椒20、苦参30、白藓皮50、紫荆皮20、蛇床子30、地肤子35、刘寄奴12、透骨草20、伸筋草40、千年健40、追地风25、荆芥40、防风35、细辛20、艾叶20、苍术10、乳香45、甘松20、黄芪10、独活20、穿山甲30、马钱子20、苏木35、徐长卿20
2)将原料麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、苏木、徐长卿粉碎成粒度为100目的细粉,制成混合料;
3)将马钱子、乳香分别粉碎成粒度为100目的细粉,然后加入到混合料中搅拌均匀,分装,制得成品。
实施例2
1)按照以下配比称取原料(单位:kg)
麻黄30、桂枝20、川椒30、苦参50、白藓皮20、紫荆皮30、蛇床子12、地肤子20、刘寄奴40、透骨草15、伸筋草20、千年健50、追地风45、荆芥15、防风20、细辛30、艾叶32、苍术30、乳香20、甘松40、黄芪20、独活35、穿山甲80、马钱子40、苏木20、徐长卿10
2)将原料麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、苏木、徐长卿粉碎成粒度为50目的细粉,制成混合料;
3)将马钱子、乳香分别粉碎成粒度为50目的细粉,然后加入到混合料中搅拌均匀,分装,制得成品。
实施例3
1)按照以下配比称取原料(单位:kg)
麻黄20、桂枝30、川椒15、苦参40、白藓皮20、紫荆皮10、蛇床子20、地肤子15、刘寄奴20、透骨草35、伸筋草30、千年健20、追地风40、荆芥20、防风10、细辛12、艾叶15、苍术20、乳香20、甘松50、黄芪45、独活12、穿山甲60、马钱子20、苏木10、徐长卿40
2)将原料麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、苏木、徐长卿粉碎成粒度为30目的细粉,制成混合料;
3)将马钱子、乳香分别粉碎成粒度为30目的细粉,然后加入到混合料中搅拌均匀,分装,制得成品。
实施例4
1)按照以下配比称取原料(单位:kg)
麻黄30、桂枝30、川椒30、苦参30、白藓皮30、紫荆皮30、蛇床子30、地肤子30、刘寄奴30、透骨草30、伸筋草30、千年健30、追地风30、荆芥30、防风30、细辛30、艾叶30、苍术30、乳香30、甘松15、黄芪30、独活30、穿山甲30、马钱子30、苏木30、徐长卿30
2)将原料麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、苏木、徐长卿粉碎成粒度为70目的细粉,制成混合料;
3)将马钱子、乳香分别粉碎成粒度为70目的细粉,然后加入到混合料中搅拌均匀,分装,制得成品。
Claims (5)
1.一种足浴组合物,其特征是其原料的重量份配比为:
麻黄10-30、桂枝20-40、川椒15-30、苦参30-50、白藓皮20-35、紫荆皮10-30、蛇床子12-30、地肤子15-35、刘寄奴12-40、透骨草15-35、伸筋草20-40、千年健20-50、追地风25-45、荆芥15-40、防风10-35、细辛12-30、艾叶15-32、苍术10-30、乳香20-45、甘松15-50、黄芪10-45、独活12-35、穿山甲30-80、马钱子20-40、苏木10-35、徐长卿10-40。
2.如权利要求1所述的足浴组合物,其特征是所述原料的重量份配比为:
麻黄20-30、桂枝20-30、川椒20-30、苦参30-40、白藓皮20-30、紫荆皮20-30、蛇床子20-30、地肤子20-30、刘寄奴20-30、透骨草20-30、伸筋草20-30、千年健30-40、追地风30-40、荆芥20-30、防风20-30、细辛20-30、艾叶20-30、苍术20-30、乳香20-30、甘松20-40、黄芪20-30、独活20-30、穿山甲30-60、马钱子20-30、苏木20-30、徐长卿20-30。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述足浴组合物的制备方法,包括如下顺序进行的步骤:
1)将原料麻黄、桂枝、川椒、苦参、白藓皮、紫荆皮、蛇床子、地肤子、刘寄奴、透骨草、伸筋草、千年健、追地风、荆芥、防风、细辛、艾叶、苍术、甘松、黄芪、独活、穿山甲、苏木、徐长卿粉碎后混合均匀,制得混合料;
2)将马钱子、乳香分别粉碎后加入到混合料中,搅拌均匀,即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征是步骤1)、步骤2)中所述粉碎后的原料的粒度为30-100目。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征是所述的粒度为50-70目。
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| CN113952440A (zh) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-21 | 孝为先(广州)实业有限公司 | 一种有助于中老年养生保健治疗失眠的泡脚中药及其使用方法 |
| CN115381879A (zh) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-11-25 | 山东慧济堂医疗科技有限公司 | 一种喷雾式治疗皮肤病的药物及其制作方法 |
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| CN1076627A (zh) * | 1993-02-09 | 1993-09-29 | 马留文 | 外用保健药及其药袋 |
| CN1357316A (zh) * | 2001-12-21 | 2002-07-10 | 王全江 | 中药足浴液及其制作方法 |
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