CN101907406A - 工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统 - Google Patents
工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101907406A CN101907406A CN2010102552041A CN201010255204A CN101907406A CN 101907406 A CN101907406 A CN 101907406A CN 2010102552041 A CN2010102552041 A CN 2010102552041A CN 201010255204 A CN201010255204 A CN 201010255204A CN 101907406 A CN101907406 A CN 101907406A
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- flue gas
- waste heat
- flue
- outlet
- industrial stoves
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
本发明涉及一种工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，包括：烟气通道、净化装置，烟气通道具有第一通道段和第二通道段，第一通道段设置有与净化装置相连接的连接管，连接管上设置有用于控制连接管通路与否的第一调节阀，连接管包括入口连接管和出口连接管，在连接入口连接管和出口连接管之间的第一通道段设置有控制该段第一通道段通路与否的第二调节阀，当第一调节阀打开、第二调节阀关闭时，废热烟气由入口连接管流入净化装置，并由出口连接管流回第二通道段；当第一调节阀关闭、第二调节阀打开时，废热烟气依次流经第一通道段和第二通道段。本发明的余热锅炉、除尘装置、SCR装置组合利用，虽然改变了锅炉结构，但没有影响余热锅炉的运行和效率。
Description
工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及工业窑炉（玻璃窑炉、水泥窑炉）技术领域，特别是涉及工业炉窑（玻 璃窑炉、水泥窑炉）烟气利用与处理系统。
背景技术
[0002] 如今，在能源日趋紧张和以节能减排为主题的现代工业生产中，工业窑炉烟气利 用和处理已受到各行业的高度关注。工业窑炉烟气属于中温废气，温度在450〜550°C， 主要含氮氧化物（NOx)和粉尘。现有技术中，国内外工业窑炉行业对烟气的利用主要采 用余热锅炉进行热利用，回收部分废气热能，利用余热锅炉产生饱和蒸汽，提供给重油加 热或承担采暖热负荷，或配套较小规模的低温低压余热发电装置供给玻璃生产系统电力。 如申请号：200920167008. 1公开的中国专利“高效锅炉烟气余热回收装置”，以及申请号： 201010013655. 4公开的中国专利“一种水媒式锅炉排烟余热回收利用装置”均展示了不 同设备内对于烟气进行回收和利用。然而，这些利用烟气余热的同时均未对烟气进行脱硝 (NOx)、除尘净化处理而直接排放到大气或水中，由此带来的环境污染问题十分严重，造成 巨大的经济损失。因此，在进行对烟气利用的同时对烟气进行脱硝（NOx)、除尘处理已刻不 容缓。
[0003] 国外大部分工业窑炉行业首先对烟气采用除尘、SCR(选择性催化还原法）脱硝技 术对烟气进行处理，然后对处理后的烟气进行余热利用，回收部分废气热能，利用余热锅炉 产生饱和蒸汽，承担采暖、加热负荷。但是，这些脱硝设备并不会进行配套余热发电装置。而 国内大部分工业窑炉行业并没有对烟气进行处理，直接排放到大气中，或者直接对烟气余 热进行回收，利用余热锅炉产生饱和蒸汽，承担采暖、加热负荷，或配套较小规模的低温低 压余热发电装置供给玻璃生产系统电力，因此，对于具有整套烟气的回收利用和脱硝除尘 的设备在国内外均无出现。
[0004] 由于工业窑炉生产的主要特点是在一个窑龄（8〜10年）内不停窑，在任何情况 下保证排烟通畅，以保证工业窑炉的安全运行；在任何情况要保证窑内压力的平稳，任何操 作对窑压的影响要保持在士0. 5Pa范围内波动，以保证产品的质量；故对烟气利用和处理 系统的适应性要求非常高。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明目的是提供一种工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统。
[0006] 为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
[0007] —种工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，该系统包括：用于供废热烟气流通的烟气通 道、用于对废热烟气进行净化处理的净化装置，所述的烟气通道的进烟口与工业窑炉的出 烟口相气连通，所述的烟气通道的出烟口与大气相气连通，所述的烟气通道的进烟口处设 置有锅炉烟道间板，所述的烟气通道具有第一通道段和第二通道段，所述的第一通道段所 流经废热烟气的温度在270〜350°C，所述的第二通道段所流经废热烟气的温度在90〜270°C，在所述的第一通道段设置有与所述的净化装置相连接的连接管，所述的连接管上设 置有用于控制所述的连接管通路与否的第一调节阀，所述的连接管包括入口连接管和出口 连接管，在连接所述的入口连接管和出口连接管之间的第一通道段设置有控制该段第一通 道段通路与否的第二调节阀，当所述的第一调节阀打开、第二调节阀关闭时，所述的第一通 道段的废热烟气由所述的入口连接管流入所述的净化装置，并由所述的出口连接管流回所 述的第二通道段；当所述的第一调节阀关闭、第二调节阀打开时，所述的废热烟气依次流经 所述的第一通道段和第二通道段。
[0008] 优选地，所述的净化装置包括：用于对废热烟气进行除尘的除尘装置、用于对废 热烟气进行脱硝的脱硝装置，废热烟气从所述的入口连接管流入并依次流经所述的除尘装 置、脱硝装置，并由所述的出口连接管流出。
[0009] 进一步优选地，所述的除尘装置为高温袋式除尘器，所述的高温袋式除尘器包括 箱体、设置在所述的箱体上方的金属过滤袋、设置在所述的箱体下方的锥形灰斗、控制所述 的高温袋式除尘器进行清灰控制系统。优选地，所述的除尘装置连接有用于喷吹石灰粉的 喷粉装置，所述的喷粉装置的喷吹口设置在废热烟气流经所述的除尘装置的入口处。
[0010] 进一步优选地，所述的脱硝装置为SCR装置，包括用于供应氨气的供氨系统、用于 供应空气的供气系统、用于对所述的氨气和空气进行混合的混合器、用于将所述的混合器 中的气体喷出的喷雾器、以及催化反应器。
[0011] 优选地，该系统还设置有熔窑烟道，所述的熔窑烟道的进烟口与所述的工业窑炉 的出烟口相气连通，所述的熔窑烟道的出烟口直接与大气相连通，所述的熔窑烟道的进烟 口处设置有熔窑烟道闸板。
[0012] 优选地，所述的烟气通道上设置有引风机，所述的引风机设置在所述的烟气通道 的出烟口处。
[0013] 在适合工业窑炉烟气脱硝温度（270〜350°C )的余热锅炉外壁开孔增加管道将烟 气引出，通过高温袋式除尘器对烟气进行净化，然后将净化后烟气通过管道引入SCR装置， 对烟气进行脱硝处理，然后再通过外部管道将烟气引入余热锅炉，保证整个系统的发电效 率；同时通过设置在余热锅炉烟气出口的引风机（通过改变引风机的频率保证整个窑炉系 统压力的稳定）将烟气引出，通过管道引入到烟囱排放。
[0014] 除尘系统采用耐高温金属网滤袋袋式除尘器。考虑到炉窑粉尘的黏结性，为了防 止粉尘在滤袋和灰斗内黏结，在袋式除尘器旁设置一个石灰粉储存和气力输送装置，采用 向烟气内喷洒少量石灰粉的方法来防止糊袋与灰斗卸料困难。
[0015] 在对工业窑炉烟气余热进行充分利用的同时采用SCR脱硝技术、高温除尘技术对 烟气进行净化处理，是企业利益与社会责任的完美结合，目前在全球范围（不论行业）尚无 先例，填补了世界工业窑炉烟气利用与处理相结合的空白，具有重要的现实意义。
[0016] 由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点和效果：
[0017] 1、在余热锅炉内通过热交换的烟气在（270〜350°C )温度段开孔，保证了烟气脱 硝效率，减少了 NOx的排放；
[0018] 2、系统增加高温除尘装置，使烟气得到了净化，减少了大气污染的排放；
[0019] 3、在除尘装置系统增加喷粉（石灰粉）装置，吸收烟气中的S02和吸收细微粉尘， 减少了粉尘在滤袋和灰斗内黏结，延长了滤袋的使用寿命，提升了烟气净化效率；[0020] 4、在改变了余热锅炉结构，但没有影响锅炉的效率和运行；
[0021] 5、通过外围控制系统保证了整个系统的稳定性（余热发电效率、烟气除尘效率、 烟气脱硝效率、窑压波动）。
附图说明
[0022] 附图1为本发明的系统图；
[0023] 附图2为本发明的SCR装置连接框图。
[0024] 其中：1、工业窑炉；2、烟气通道；3、净化装置；4、锅炉烟道闸板；5、第一通道段； 6、第二通道段；7、第一调节阀；8、入口连接管；9、出口连接管；10、第二调节阀；11、SCR装 置；12、高温袋式除尘器；13、箱体；14、金属过滤袋；15、锥形灰斗；16、熔窑烟道闸板；17、 喷粉装置；18、催化反应器；19、供氨系统；20、供气系统；21、烟囱；22、第三调节阀；23、熔 窑烟道；24、引风机。
具体实施方式
[0025] 下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
[0026] 如图1所示的一种工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，该系统包括：设置有烟气通道2 的余热锅炉以及净化装置3。烟气通道2根据废热烟气的流向依次设置有减温减压器、过滤 进口集箱、4个蒸发器、2个省煤器、除氧蒸发器。
[0027] 其中：烟气通道2的进烟口与工业窑炉1的出烟口相气连通，烟气通道2的出烟口 与烟囱21相气连通，并且在烟气通道2的进烟口处设置有用于控制烟气通道2流量的锅炉 烟道间板4。在烟气通道2中具有第一通道段5和第二通道段6，第一通道段5所流经废热 烟气的温度在270〜350°C，第二通道段6所流经废热烟气的温度在270〜90°C。在第一 通道段5设置有与净化装置3相连接的连接管，连接管上设置有用于控制连接管通路与否 的第一调节阀7，连接管包括入口连接管8和出口连接管9，在连接入口连接管8和出口连 接管9之间的第一通道段5设置有控制该段第一通道段5通路与否的第二调节阀10。第一 调节阀7和第二调节阀10最多只有一个调节阀处于打开状态。烟气通道2的出烟口处设 置有引风机24，引风机24的两端的烟气通道2上均设置有第三调节阀22，引风机24采用 变频引风机最优。
[0028] 在本实施例中，净化装置3包括：用于对废热烟气进行除尘的除尘装置、用于对废 热烟气进行脱硝的脱硝装置。其中：除尘装置为高温袋式除尘器12，其包括箱体13、设置在 箱体13上方的金属过滤袋14、设置在箱体13下方的锥形灰斗15、控制高温袋式除尘器12 进行清灰控制系统。在废热烟气流经高温袋式除尘器12的入口处连接有用于喷吹石灰粉 的喷粉装置17，喷粉装置17的喷吹口正对流入高温袋式除尘器12的废热烟气。脱硝装置 为SCR装置11，包括用于供应氨气的供氨系统19、用于供应空气的供气系统20、用于对氨气 和空气进行混合的混合器、用于将混合器中的气体喷出的喷雾器、以及催化反应器18。
[0029] 最后系统还设置有熔窑烟道23，熔窑烟道23与烟气通道2相并联设置，熔窑烟道 23的进烟口与工业窑炉1的出烟口相气连通，熔窑烟道23的出烟口直接与烟囱21相连通， 熔窑烟道23的进烟口处设置有熔窑烟道闸板16。
[0030] 以下具体阐述下本实施例各装置的操作方法：
5[0031] 首先，两条玻璃熔窑中530°C废热烟气分别通过余热锅炉的烟气通道2的进烟口， 废热烟气依次通过第一通道段5、第二通道段6的蒸发器、省煤器和除氧蒸发器的外表面 并流经上述受热面内部的汽、水等介质进行热交换，产生2. 5Mpa，420°C的次中温次中压过 热蒸汽，两台余热锅炉的蒸汽出口分别通过带有阀门的蒸汽管道与集汽缸并联，汇集混合 均勻后的蒸汽通过进汽管道进入汽轮机并在汽轮机内膨胀做功，汽轮机带动发电机旋转发 电。做功后的乏汽经凝汽器冷凝成凝结水由凝结水泵、汽封加热器输送到除氧装置，经过除 氧的水通过锅炉给水泵分别进入两台余热锅炉，形成闭合的热力循环回路。凝汽器与循环 水冷却塔、循环冷却水泵组成循环回路，用于冷却汽轮机乏汽的冷却水由循环水泵增加动 力使流经冷却塔降温后进入循环水池，再进入循环水泵形成循环回路。通过余热锅炉并经 过热交换后的烟气温度下降到165°C，由烟气通道2出烟口的引风机24送入烟囱21排向大 气。
[0032] 本系统以第三调节阀22的后压力为主信号，熔窑烟道闸板16的开度与引风机24 的转速（风压）为前馈信号，熔窑烟道闸板16的后压力为反馈信号，主信号和反馈信号进 入DCS (分布式控制系统）控制模块，DCS控制模块通过对两个信号转换和差值计算，并由 DCS控制模块发出指令，由电动执行机构（即执行机构与变频器）调节熔窑烟道闸板16的 开度和引风机24的转速（即风压）。例如余热锅炉启动或负荷逐步增大时，熔窑烟道闸板 16逐步减小开度，引风机24逐步提高转速，使通过烟气通道2的烟气量逐步增大，通过熔窑 烟道闸板16接排向烟囱21的烟气量逐步减少，同时在熔窑烟道闸板16完全关闭前，配以 弓I风机24后的烟气通道2将烟气直接排向大气，保证余热锅炉排出的烟气不通过熔窑烟道 闸板16回流到烟气通道2的进烟口，使熔窑烟道闸板16前后的压力差与烟气通道2直通 烟囱的状态一致，故对玻璃熔窑的窑压不会造成任何影响。余热锅炉停止或负荷逐降时，其 控制调节过程相反。
[0033] 除尘过程：废热烟气由第一通道段5(270-350°C )的入口连接管8进入高温袋式 除尘器12的箱体13，进行机械分离后，废热烟气向上经金属过滤袋14过滤，微细粉尘附着 在金属过滤袋14外表面，净烟气通过金属过滤袋14汇集到箱体13上部，经高温袋式除尘 器12烟气引出管道，进入SCR装置11进行烟气脱硝处理。
[0034] 当过滤到一定时间后，随着金属过滤袋14表面的粉尘增加，高温袋式除尘器12 阻力上升，当阻力上升到一定数值时，清灰控制系统发出清灰信号，出口管道气动阀和上球 阀自动关闭，脉冲阀开启，压缩空气在箱体13上部内迅速膨胀，涌入滤筒，使滤筒膨胀变形 产生振动，并在逆向气流冲刷的作用下，附着在金属过滤袋14外表面上的粉尘被剥离落入 下部锥形灰斗15，最后一个脉冲阀喷吹结束，除尘器继续保持静止状态，使滤筒内较细的粉 尘有一个静止沉降的过程，此过程结束，出气管气动蝶阀和上球阀开启，高温袋式除尘器12 进入正常过滤状态，同时下部球阀开启经叶轮给料机，完成一个箱体清灰过程，上述过程中 各个阀门的开启与关闭，箱体13相对粉尘浓度的测试，都是由PLC系统控制，周而复始工 作，使工业窑炉1的废热烟气得到净化。由于工业窑炉1粉尘颗粒较小，需要喷入少量的氢 氧化钙对烟气中的粉尘进行吸收，达到预期的除尘效果。
[0035] 脱硝过程：如图2所示，除尘后的烟气进入SCR装置11。供氨系统19的液氨由槽 车运送到液氨贮槽，输出的液氨经氨气蒸发器后变成氨气，将之加热到常温后送氨气缓冲 槽备用。缓冲槽的氨气经减压后送入混合器中，与来自供气系统20的空气混合，通过喷氨器（喷氨隔栅（Ammonia InjectionGrid, AIG)的喷嘴）喷入烟气中并与之充分混合，继而 进入催化反应器18。当烟气流经催化反应器18的催化层时，氨气和NOx在催化剂的作用下 将NO及N02还原成N2和H20。NOx的脱除效率主要取决于反应温度、NH3与NOx的化学计 量比、烟气中氧气的浓度、催化剂的性质和数量等。烟气与来混合器的氨在催化剂的作用下 反应，NOx转化为N2和H20，处理后的烟气通过出口连接管9进入第二通道段6 (270-90°C )， 对烟气余热继续利用，最终通过引风机24进入烟囱21。
[0036] 上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人 士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明 精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
- 一种工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，该系统包括：用于供废热烟气流通的烟气通道、用于对废热烟气进行净化处理的净化装置，所述的烟气通道的进烟口与工业窑炉的出烟口相气连通，所述的烟气通道的出烟口与大气相气连通，所述的烟气通道的进烟口处设置有锅炉烟道闸板，其特征在于：所述的烟气通道具有第一通道段和第二通道段，所述的第一通道段所流经废热烟气的温度在270～350℃，所述的第二通道段所流经废热烟气的温度在90～270℃，在所述的第一通道段设置有与所述的净化装置相连接的连接管，所述的连接管上设置有用于控制所述的连接管通路与否的第一调节阀，所述的连接管包括入口连接管和出口连接管，在连接所述的入口连接管和出口连接管之间的第一通道段设置有控制该段第一通道段通路与否的第二调节阀，当所述的第一调节阀打开、第二调节阀关闭时，所述的第一通道段的废热烟气由所述的入口连接管流入所述的净化装置，并由所述的出口连接管流回所述的第二通道段；当所述的第一调节阀关闭、第二调节阀打开时，所述的废热烟气依次流经所述的第一通道段和第二通道段。
- 2.根据权利要求1所述的工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，其特征在于：所述的净化装 置包括：用于对废热烟气进行除尘的除尘装置、用于对废热烟气进行脱硝的脱硝装置，废热 烟气从所述的入口连接管流入并依次流经所述的除尘装置、脱硝装置，并由所述的出口连 接管流出。
- 3.根据权利要求2所述的工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，其特征在于：所述的除尘装 置为高温袋式除尘器，所述的高温袋式除尘器包括箱体、设置在所述的箱体上方的金属过 滤袋、设置在所述的箱体下方的锥形灰斗、控制所述的高温袋式除尘器进行清灰控制系统。
- 4.根据权利要求3所述的工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，其特征在于：所述的除尘装 置连接有用于喷吹石灰粉的喷粉装置，所述的喷粉装置的喷吹口设置在废热烟气流经所述 的除尘装置的入口处。
- 5.根据权利要求2所述的工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，其特征在于：所述的脱硝装 置为SCR装置，包括用于供应氨气的供氨系统、用于供应空气的供气系统、用于对所述的氨 气和空气进行混合的混合器、用于将所述的混合器中的气体喷出的喷雾器、以及催化反应器。
- 6.根据权利要求1所述的工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，其特征在于：该系统还设置 有熔窑烟道，所述的熔窑烟道的进烟口与所述的工业窑炉的出烟口相气连通，所述的熔窑 烟道的出烟口直接与大气相连通，所述的熔窑烟道的进烟口处设置有熔窑烟道闸板。
- 7.根据权利要求1所述的工业窑炉烟气利用与处理系统，其特征在于：所述的烟气通 道上设置有引风机，所述的引风机设置在所述的烟气通道的出烟口处。
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| CN106178736B (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-04-06 | 航天凯天环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种含油雾烟尘的预处理装置及其应用的净化器 |
| CN106178739A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 凯天环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种横装式高温除尘器 |
| CN109539283A (zh) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-29 | 上海鉴灵节能环保技术有限公司 | 一种制药母液热能降温回收系统及方法 |
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