CN101906834A - 一种轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法，使得墙体具有高强度，高耐候性，耐水性和良好的防火及优异保温隔热性能，同时还具有重量轻、隔声、优良的防开裂和渗漏的特点。采用的技术方案是包括如下步骤：墙体放线→予埋铁件→安装轻钢龙骨→固定门窗洞口→安装墙体外面板→安装水暖电管线孔→验收墙内各种管线→安装墙体另内面板→接缝处理→墙体的检查加固→浇灌芯料→养护→收尾验收；灌芯料为流态、自密式EPS砼，原材料包括，多聚胶粉、HPMC、普通硅酸盐水泥、自熄阻燃型发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、粉煤灰、石英砂及多种外加剂；成分的重量百分比为：(再生聚苯颗粒∶粉料质量比(L∶kg)5.5∶1〔粉料组分％：再生聚苯颗粒0.1％-0.2％、水泥60％-70％、粉煤灰10％-30％、石英砂20％-30％、减水剂1％-2％、纤维素醚HPMC0.5％-1％、多聚胶粉1.5％-3％〕，外加剂采用纤维素醚HPMC、多聚乳胶粉、减水剂。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于建筑施工领域，具体为建筑物轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法。
背景技术：
随着我国建筑节能的应用和发展，建筑墙体保温是建筑节能的重要环节。我国从80年代开始提出建筑节能30％，而后提高到建筑节能50％，今天在一些发达城市已开始执行节能65％，在国家节能政策和节能标准的推动下，我国建筑保温隔热行业取得迅猛发展，涌现出了很多采用不同材料、不同做法的建筑保温隔热技术。
目前市场上的外墙外保温系统做法：
1保温板类系统做法：在主体结构验收后进行墙位放线-砌筑墙体-两面水泥砂浆抹面-基本准备-墙面测量、放线、挂线-刮涂界面剂-配胶粘剂-粘贴翻包玻纤网格布-粘贴聚苯板-安装锚固件-修配、隐检-抹底层抹面砂浆-压入翻包及增强网格布-薄抹面层-做外饰面。
2胶粉颗粒保温浆外墙保温系统做法：在主体结构验收后进行墙体放线-砌筑墙体-两面水泥砂浆抹面-墙面基层处理-吊线垂直、弹控制线、打点、冲筋、做口-抹胶粉聚苯颗粒保温浆料-保温层验收-抹水泥抗裂砂浆随即抹压涂塑耐碱玻纤网格布-抗裂防护层验收-涂刷高分子乳液渗性底层涂料-刮抗裂柔性耐水腻子-做外饰面。
然而，在国内众多墙体保温隔热技术体系中，依然存在诸多问题，如开裂、渗水、空鼓、脱落、霉变、不能与建筑同寿命等。
发明内容：
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法，使得墙体具有高强度，高耐候性，耐水性和良好的防火及优异保温隔热性能，同时还具有重量轻、隔声、优良的防开裂和渗漏的特点。
为解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案是：
一种轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法，包括如下步骤：墙体放线→予埋铁件→安装轻钢龙骨→固定门窗洞口→安装墙体外面板→安装水暖电管线孔→验收墙内各种管线→安装墙体内侧面板→接缝处理→墙体的检查加固→浇灌芯料→养护→收尾验收；
浇灌芯料为流态、自密式EPS砼，原材料包括，多聚胶粉、HPMC、普通硅酸盐水泥、自熄阻燃型发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、粉煤灰、石英砂及多种外加剂；成分的重量百分比为：(再生聚苯颗粒∶粉料质量比(L∶kg)5.5∶1〔粉料组分％：再生聚苯颗粒0.1％-0.2％、水泥60％--70％、粉煤灰10％--30％、石英砂20％--30％、减水剂1％--2％、纤维素醚HPMC0.5％--1％、多聚胶粉1.5％-3％〕，外加剂采用纤维素醚HPMC、多聚乳胶粉、减水剂。
浇灌芯料材满足以下要求：
①水泥：采用不小于32.5级的普通硅酸盐水泥。
②聚苯乙烯颗粒：采用阻燃型的聚苯乙烯颗粒，它具有质轻、保温隔热、隔声、并有良好的阻燃及不燃烧性能。
③多聚胶粉：采用中性的流变性能、憎水性、抗垂性、促进流平性、增强塑性的可再去散乳胶粉。
④粉煤灰：作为辅助胶凝材料通过水泥的碱性激发，添加后可改善浆料的和易性，提高材料的密实性和强度。
⑤HPMC：采用具有增稠能力、低灰份、PH稳定性、保水性、优良的成膜性、以及广泛的耐酶性、分散性和粘结性等特点。
⑥外加剂：采用具有改变EPS轻集料砼的和易性、可塑性、抗渗性、抗冻性和耐久性的外加剂。
芯料的浇注方法是，在墙顶根据墙长适当预留布料口，采用输送泵将搅拌好的芯料输送到布料斗内，布料斗应高出墙体300mm，以保证浆料与墙底及周边接触的密实度；浇筑顺序为，先浇窗台下部，后浇窗间墙，由下而上分层浇筑。
具体实施方式：
一种轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法，包括如下步骤：墙体放线→予埋铁件→安装轻钢龙骨→固定门窗洞口→安装墙体外面板→安装水暖电管线孔→验收墙内各种管线→安装墙体另内面板→接缝处理→墙体的检查加固→浇灌芯料→养护→收尾验收；
浇灌芯料为流态、自密式EPS砼，原材料包括，多聚胶粉、HPMC、普通硅酸盐水泥、自熄阻燃型发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、粉煤灰、石英砂及多种外加剂；成分的重量百分比为：再生聚苯颗粒∶粉料质量比(L∶kg)5.5∶1〔粉料组分％：再生聚苯颗粒0.1％-0.2％、水泥60％--70％、粉煤灰10％--30％、石英砂20％--30％、减水剂1％--2％、纤维素醚HPMC0.5％--1％、多聚胶粉1.5％-3％〕，外加剂采用纤维素醚HPMC、多聚乳胶粉、减水剂。
芯料的浇注方法是，在墙顶根据墙长适当预留布料口，采用输送泵将搅拌好的芯料输送到布料斗内，布料斗应高出墙体300mm，以保证浆料与墙底及周边接触的密实度；浇筑顺序为，先浇窗台下部，后浇窗间墙，由下而上分层浇筑。
具体操作细节
<1>墙体的平整度与垂直度
在龙骨安装前，施工技术人员按施工图纸先在砼梁、柱上弹出墙体基准中心线及两边线，并控制好门窗的几何尺寸，根据弹出的水平线及垂直线安装好予埋铁件，以保证墙体龙骨的垂直及平整度。
安装墙体的两面面板，检查墙体的垂直度与平整度。及门窗框的几何尺寸，然后采用木模板加工的方法对墙体加固，确保浇灌时不膨模、跑模等现象，考虑到本墙体的容重只有普通砼容重的1/3-1/4，每次浇灌只有1.22m米高，所以对模板的膨胀力不大，采用木模板加固方法足可以保证墙体的几何尺寸及偏差。
<2>胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料的配制和浇筑
为了保证胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料的强度、密实性及均匀性，在配制时，水泥石必须形成连续相，即要求有足够的水泥浆，(即配制成650kg/m3的容重，胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料的抗压强度达到4.5mpa)同时加入高效减水剂，可以减少用水量，也大大提高了胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料的强度。
在胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料中加入纤维素醚，通过搅拌，水泥粒子表面吸附流化剂，在其表面形成扩散双电层的离子分散，改变了其电动电位，使水泥微粒在静电斥作用力下分散，把水泥水化过成的空间网架结构中的束缚水释放出来，使胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料流态化，便于施工，无需震捣，能保证粉聚苯颗粒浆料的密实性。
在胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料搅拌时掺入多聚乳胶粉，使胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料在水泥浆体中有很好的粘度，并且分布的很均匀，浇灌时不会产生离析。并且增加了与面板的粘接。
胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料的浇筑：
每层墙体的浇筑分两次完成，第一次浇筑1.22m高，即为一块面板的高度，第二次浇筑高度至上层梁底下100mm-150mm处，剩下100mm-150mm间隙由上层浇筑时完成。经过实践证明，此方法浇筑时施工容易，又能保证胶粉聚苯颗粒浆料与梁底面衔接的密实度。
<3>对于构造节点的施工
1、外墙与散水构造节点的施工
在施工散水时，散水与外墙之间宜设缝，缝宽可为20mm×30mm，缝内填沥青砂。
2、女儿墙、阳台栏杆的施工
女儿墙、阳台栏杆可根据单项工程设计施工，如采用新墙材施工则在施工墙体时应更加设计要求先将小立柱、构造。
Claims (2)
1.一种轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法，包括如下步骤：墙体放线→予埋铁件→安装轻钢龙骨→固定门窗洞口→安装墙体外面板→安装水暖电管线孔→验收墙内各种管线→安装墙体另内面板→接缝处理→墙体的检查加固→浇灌芯料→养护→收尾验收；其特征在于：
浇灌芯料为流态、自密式EPS砼，原材料包括多聚胶粉、HPMC、普通硅酸盐水泥、再生聚苯颗粒、粉煤灰、石英砂及多种外加剂；成分的重量百分比为 再生聚苯颗粒∶粉料质量比(L∶kg)5.5∶1〔粉料组分％：再生聚苯颗粒0.1％-0.2％、水泥60％--70％、粉煤灰10％--30％、石英砂20％--30％、减水剂1％--2％、纤维素醚HPMC0.5％--1％、多聚胶粉1.5％-3％〕，外加剂采用纤维素醚HPMC、多聚乳胶粉、减水剂.
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质复合自保温墙体施工方法，其特征在于：芯料的浇注方法是，在墙顶根据墙长适当预留布料口，采用输送泵将搅拌好的芯料输送到布料斗内，布料斗应高出墙体300mm，以保证浆料与墙底及周边接触的密实度；浇筑顺序为，先浇窗台下部，后浇窗间墙，由下而上分层浇筑。
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