The job practices of small draft frame structure of large-span prestressed concrete beam slab
Technical field
The invention belongs to the building engineering structure technical field, be specifically related to a kind of job practices of large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure.
Background technology
Large-span prestressed concrete beam slab [wherein double T plate, groove type plate and (hereinafter to be referred as the T template) and hollowcore slabs (hereinafter to be referred as the SP plate) such as single T plate, many T box-girder] is external to be used early.Particularly double T plate, single T beam slab and SP plate are used the most extensive.The content that has just comprised this respect like the prefabricated prefabricated and prestressed concrete handbook of publishing as far back as 1992 with prestressed concrete association (PCI) of the U.S.; China was introducing, is digesting, is absorbing it and combining on the basis of China's national situation research experiment, had successively worked out out some provincial standard figure and national standard figure in 1999.
Prestressing force double T plate and SP plate belong to high-strength concrete thin-wall member (referring to the former especially), and its maximum advantage is: span big (the double T plate can reach 30m, the SP plate can reach 18m, and China's precast plate is in 8m), can build huge pillar apart from longspan structure; Rise low (0.45~1.085m, be about roof truss structure height<roof truss height add the roofing plate hight>1/4~1/3), can significantly reduce depth of building, reach the effect of saving metal material and energy; Good stability does not need additional lateral support (double T plate such as ground, stool four corners, and roof truss two end supports, its stability must be leaned on the support system of both sides); (the wide 2.4m meter of double T plate pressing board, its veneer area coverage reaches 21.6m to the member wide coverage from 9m to 30m
2~72m
2), installation effectiveness is high, has then accomplished the Structural Engineering amount of whole building roof system after plate is installed, and according to the engineering measuring and calculating, adopts 24m double T plank house lid can reduce 3/4 than the set-up time of traditional prestressed concrete roof truss, large roof slab.Big double T plate manufacturing firm has the professional contingent that transportation is installed concurrently at present, has formed one package service, has more improved installation effectiveness).Just therefore, double T plate, SP plate be in case occur just having obtained the extensive concern and the welcome of engineering circle, and become one of building roof structure form that replaces the tool advantage of traditional roof system gradually.
In addition, double T plate and SP plate remove big from the anharmonic ratio steel work, and outside the span that is difficult to reach bigger, its durability, fire resistance and high class of loading but are that steel work hardly matches.
But it must be noted that; The present double T plate and the SP plate overwhelming majority are used for the floor plate structural element of roof panel and non-frame construction; And be obstructed for the application of the DESIGN TREND OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE that has a large capacity and a wide range, public building, commercial building middle frame structure, thereby to a great extent limit the large-scale popularization of this large span sheet material use.It is used the reason of being obstructed and mainly contained two: one in frame construction, do not find the structural calculation model and corresponding design structure method that are complementary with it as yet.It is investigated and prefabricated leading to scheme all contents of not mentioned this respect, and also do not have this related content at " Code for design of concrete structures " and " seismic design provision in building code " of China with the local mark of prestressed concrete handbook and China in the U.S..But pertinent literature has a clause regulation: do not allow to adopt the hinged frame structure in the earthquake protection area.The 2nd, design the frame construction crossbeam (this be unique can satisfy engineering drawing examine necessary a kind of selection) of this large span member by the design code of code requirement like principle by the conventional frame structure; Its consequence not only cruciform bracing cross section is big, heavy; Not only attractive in appearance, the usage space of influence building, recruitment materials increase considerably, and difficulty of construction is big.Because this crossbeam must site operation, this just is difficult to rational Match with the sequence of construction of double T plate, SP plate, thereby spins out the construction period.This has just fundamentally offset this large span member characteristics of high efficiency has been installed.Existing several engineering instance has obtained proof.Adopting this method to be designed to frame construction person as this does not almost have, and is a kind of theoretic hypothesis.There are above use problem too in existing box-shaped plate, rectangular beam and the large-span prestressed trough slab that is about to be born.
Promptly use to slice off double T plate, many T box-girder, single T beam slab edge of a wing, work as side template, hang soffit formwork, again with the two sides of two side ribs or SP plate, trough slab, rectangular beam
In templateBe provided with
BeamAlso there is following drawback in the concrete way of bar pouring, is example with the double T plate:
(1) though more attractive in appearance, light, economical than traditional Vierendeel girder, still have certain cost, be embodied in two aspects:
1, cut away the edge of a wing: the cost of loss is about 33 yuan/square metre, with the corresponding increase of increase material cost of span and bearing capacity.
Following row data instance: 2.4 meters wide plates, length is 21 meters, distance is generally 6 meters between the post, each 0.5 meter apart from 2 plate edges of a wing of inscribe on per 6 meters posts.21 meters load-bearing floors are 200 yuan/m
2The plane cost that the edge of a wing area that cuts away is increased in 6 pages of 21 meters plates is:
(0.5m * 21m * 200 yuan/m
2) * 2 page/(6m * 21m)=33 yuan/m
2
2, the cost of beam: amounting in the construction cost every square metre is about 40 yuan: 21 meters bearing plate cross section height are 1.05 meters; It is wide that the folded post of two blocks of double T plates on the edge of a wing is cut away in the pillar both sides; Just intend the breadth of section of Vierendeel girder; Be calculated as 0.35 meter by ratio of height to thickness 3/1, because of arrangement of reinforcement is very little, steel concrete is by 650 yuan/m
3Calculate: beam cost: (21 * 0.35 * 1.05*650)/(21 * 6)=39.8 (unit/m
2) visible, every square metre increases cost is about 73 yuan, and span increases cost and increases, and span is little, and cost reduces. and the edge of a wing is cut away in the part, though cost loss in the edge of a wing is little, the corresponding again increase of beam section arrangement of reinforcement.The corresponding minimizing of roof panel cost.There is above problem equally in many T box-girder, and there are not the expense of cutting the edge of a wing in rectangular beam and trough slab but intend the bigger problem of Vierendeel girder cost and still exist.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to defective to above-mentioned prior art; A kind of job practices of large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure is provided,, can cuts away the part and also can not cut away the T template edge of a wing to reduce to intend the cross section of Vierendeel girder; Reduce construction cost, improve construction and prefabricated benefit.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following: a kind of job practices of large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure comprises the steps:
(1) uses common process installing frame trestle, frame rails and double T plate or comprise single T beam slab or hollowcore slab or the SP plate or the large-span prestressed trough slab of hollow single T beam slab or comprise large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab of hollow rectangle beam;
(2) near prestressing force double T plate or single T beam slab or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab or hollowcore slab or the SP plate or the large-span prestressed trough slab of frame column both sides or comprise that the plate top or the back of the large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam of hollow rectangle beam are provided with horizontal handling reinforcement; Or in frame column both sides double T plate or single T plate or many T box-girder rib at the bottom of the rib or the position hole-opening more than the 150mm of beam slab top; Or at hollowcore slab, SP plate or large-span prestressed trough slab or the large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam side middle part that comprises the hollow rectangle beam at the bottom of the plate or the 150mm above position hole-opening of beam slab top, on hole, set up the upright reinforcing bar of transverse strands;
(3) set up crossbeam soffit formwork and two side templates of suspention, or an integral mold plate of forming by two side templates and soffit formwork;
(4) in the space that crossbeam side template and crossbeam soffit formwork form, the reinforcing bar of crossbeam is set and is connected with the frame column reinforcing bar;
(5) with stirrup connection horizontal beam steel and frame column reinforced frame stud;
(6) constitute small frame crossbeam---little plan Vierendeel girder by the regulation disturbing concrete; Little plan Vierendeel girder is formed small draft frame structure with large-span prestressed concrete beam slab, frame column, longeron.
Further; The job practices of aforesaid large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure; In step (3); When selecting double T plate or single T beam slab or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab for use, do side template with both sides of the chest, or hang a side template and do side template with one of them rib; The rib of the position of soffit formwork and double T plate or single T beam slab or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab bottom on the same isohypse or be selected in rib of slab pitch rib bottom or the above position of 150mm, plate top on same isohypse reducing beam section, more than the desirable 150mm of its breadth of section.
Further; The job practices of aforesaid large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure; In step (3); When selecting hollowcore slab or SP plate or large-span prestressed trough slab for use or comprising the large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam of hollow rectangle beam; Do side template with two sides, or do side template and hang another side template with a side, side bottom or side pitch plate-girder top or the above position of 150mm, beam slab bottom that the position of soffit formwork and hollowcore slab or SP plate or large-span prestressed trough slab or large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam comprise the hollow rectangle beam on same isohypse to reduce beam section.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following: the job practices of large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure provided by the present invention, and the edge of a wing that when construction, need not cut away the T template, the cross section of beam reduces to practice thrift cost, and construction is simple, efficient.The weight of little plan Vierendeel girder and upper load thereof under vertical uniform load q since prestressed concrete plate and non-prestressed plan Vierendeel girder under vertical uniform load q, be out of shape more large and complete of difference and pass on the prestressed concrete plate of both sides; Thereby both become the rod member of no load; Can dispose by the minimal construction arrangement of reinforcement; Become no moment of flexure rod member again, under horizontal loading or geological process, draw or the rod member of pressure for mainly bearing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of little plan Vierendeel girder when adopting single T plate or many T box-girder or double T plate.
Because being two single T plates, the double T plate forms, so replace double T plate small draft frame structure signal part with a single T plate.Among the figure, 1. frame column, 2. beam forms, 3. double T plate or single T plate or many T box-girder, 4. plate upper frame stud or plate top transverse structure bearing rod, the longitudinal rib that 5. is connected, 6. stirrup with the frame column reinforcing bar.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of little plan Vierendeel girder when adopting prestressed cored slab or rectangular beam.
Among the figure, 1. frame column, 3. hollowcore slab or rectangular beam, 4. plate top transverse strands stud, the longitudinal rib of the plan Vierendeel girder that 5. is connected, 6. stirrup with the frame column reinforcing bar.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of little plan Vierendeel girder when adopting the prestressing force trough slab.
Among the figure: 1. being frame column, 3. is large-span prestressed trough slab, 4. is plate top transverse strands stud,
5. the plan Vierendeel girder longitudinal rib that is connected with the frame column reinforcing bar, 6. stirrup.
Fig. 4 is a little plan frame beam structure sketch map when using rectangular beam or hollow rectangle beam.
Among the figure: 1. being frame column, 3. is large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam or hollow rectangle beam, 4. is beam slab top transverse strands stud, 5. is the longitudinal reinforcement of the plan Vierendeel girder that is connected with the frame column reinforcing bar, 6. is stirrup.
Fig. 5 is for using the small draft frame structure sketch map of many T of large span prestressed concrete box-girder.
Among the figure: 1. being frame column, 3. is many T box-girder, 4. is beam slab top transverse strands stud, 5. is the longitudinal rib of intending the plan Vierendeel girder of frame column reinforcing bar connection, 6. stirrup
Fig. 6 is the job practices flow chart of large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is carried out detailed description.
The job practices of large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure provided by the present invention is as shown in Figure 6, comprises the steps:
(1) uses common process installing frame trestle, frame rails and double T plate or comprise single T beam slab or hollowcore slab or the SP plate or the large-span prestressed trough slab of hollow single T beam slab or comprise hollow rectangle beam large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab; As with double T plate or single T beam slab or many T box-girder; Then need cut T template angle at it near the frame column position makes both sides T template as close as possible; When selecting prestressed cored slab for use, the plate angle that also can cut away frame column both sides hollowcore slab make its as far as possible near, to reduce to intend the cross section of Vierendeel girder as far as possible; , on the plate face, box out during like double T plate or single T beam slab or slit, many T box-girder top less than 200mm, so as pouring concrete with and hang template and use;
(2) near prestressing force double T plate or single T beam slab or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab or hollowcore slab or the SP plate or the large-span prestressed trough slab of frame column both sides or comprise that the plate top or the back of the large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam of hollow rectangle beam are provided with horizontal handling reinforcement; Or in frame column both sides double T plate or single T plate or many T box-girder rib at the bottom of the rib or the position hole-opening more than the 150mm of beam slab top; Or at hollowcore slab, SP plate or large-span prestressed trough slab or the large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam side middle part that comprises the hollow rectangle beam at the bottom of the plate or the 150mm above position hole-opening of beam slab top, on hole, set up the upright reinforcing bar of transverse strands;
(3) set up crossbeam soffit formwork and two side templates of suspention; An or integral mold plate of forming by two side templates and soffit formwork; When selecting double T plate or single T beam slab or many T box-girder for use; Do side template with both sides of the chest, or hang a side template and do side template with one of them rib, two edges of a wing do not cut or cut away the local of two edges of a wing cut away the part on an edge of a wing or all another edge of a wing do not cut or cut the part; The rib of the position of soffit formwork and double T plate or single T beam slab or many T box-girder bottom on the same isohypse or be selected in rib of slab pitch rib bottom or the above position of 150mm, plate top on same isohypse to reduce beam section, the desirable 150mm of its breadth of section; When selecting trough slab or rectangular beam for use, at the bottom of the position of soffit formwork and its rib on the same isohypse be selected in its rib at the bottom of the rib or the above position of 150mm, beam slab top on same isohypse to reduce beam section; When selecting hollowcore slab or SP plate for use; Do side template with two sides; Or do side template and hang another side template with a side, the side bottom of the position of soffit formwork and hollowcore slab or SP plate or the above position of 150mm, side pitch plate top on same isohypse to reduce beam section;
(4) in the space that crossbeam side template and crossbeam soffit formwork form, the reinforcing bar of crossbeam is set and is connected with the frame column reinforcing bar;
(5) with stirrup connection horizontal beam steel and frame column reinforced frame stud;
(6) constitute small frame crossbeam---little plan Vierendeel girder by the regulation disturbing concrete; Little plan Vierendeel girder is formed small draft frame structure with large span prestressed concrete plate, frame column, longeron.
Large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure provided by the present invention is provided with horizontal handling reinforcement on the prestress concrete girder slab near the frame column both sides, on handling reinforcement or suspend side, soffit formwork onboard in midair; When selecting double T plate or single T beam slab or large-span prestressed trough slab for use or comprise large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab of hollow rectangle beam; The position of soffit formwork and double T plate or single T beam slab or large-span prestressed trough slab or comprise the hollow rectangle beam large span prestressed concrete rectangular beam or many T of large span prestressed concrete box-shaped beam slab the bottom on the same isohypse be selected in rib of slab or side pitch beam slab top or at the bottom of the beam slab more than the 150mm distance on same isohypse to reduce beam section, its breadth of section minimum is 150mm; When selecting hollowcore slab or SP plate for use, at the bottom of the side bottom of the position of soffit formwork and hollowcore slab or SP plate or side pitch plate top or the plate the above position of 150mm on same isohypse to reduce beam section; In the space that crossbeam side form and crossbeam bed die form, be provided with crossbeam reinforcing bar and with frame column on reinforcing bar is connected, connect with stirrup again, through disturbing concrete formation small frame crossbeam---little plan Vierendeel girder; Little plan Vierendeel girder is formed small draft frame structure with large span prestressed concrete plate, frame column, longeron.When selecting double T plate or single T beam slab or many T box-shaped plate for use, two plates in frame column both sides are not cut the edge of a wing; Perhaps, two plates in frame column both sides are all cut the whole or local of the edge of a wing or whole another of cutting the edge of a wing is cut the part on the edge of a wing; Perhaps, the plate in frame column both sides is not cut the edge of a wing, and another plate is cut the whole or local edge of a wing.The crossbeam reinforcing bar is a nonprestressed reinforcement, and is connected with the frame column reinforcing bar; The transverse structure handling reinforcement that is provided with on crossbeam inner panel top sets up the crossbeam reinforcing bar and is provided with the stirrup of reliable connection.
Elected soffit formwork when the above position more than the 150mm of plate bottom, at the bottom of rib upwards at least 150mm water and smash the plan Vierendeel girder; When soffit formwork is selected in apart from plate top the above position of 150mm, apart from the plate top at least the soffit formwork position of 150mm smash the plan Vierendeel girder with top-pour; In the time of at the bottom of soffit formwork is selected in rib, at the 150mm at least that at the bottom of rib, makes progress, or from smashing the plan Vierendeel girder to all highly watering more than the beam slab top at the bottom of the rib, fill with the EPS plate centre.
The scheme of another kind of large span prestressed concrete plate small draft frame structure is; Frame column both sides double T plate or single T plate have hole on the position more than the 150mm at the bottom of the rib in can many T box-girder rib; Hollowcore slab side, frame column both sides middle part has hole on the position more than the 150mm at the bottom of the plate, on hole, sets up the upright reinforcing bar of transverse strands; When selecting double T plate or single T beam slab for use, do side template with both sides of the chest, or hang a side template and do side template with one of them rib, hang soffit formwork again; When selecting hollowcore slab or SP plate for use, do side template with two sides, or do side template and hang another side template with a side, hang soffit formwork again; In the space that crossbeam side form and crossbeam bed die form, be provided with crossbeam reinforcing bar and with frame column on reinforcing bar is connected, connect with stirrup again, through disturbing concrete formation small frame crossbeam---little plan Vierendeel girder; Little plan Vierendeel girder is formed small draft frame structure with large-span prestressed concrete beam slab, frame column, longeron.
As shown in Figure 1; With the double T plate is example, treat that 1. frame column is installed with frame rails after, double T plate or many T box-girder or single T beam slab are installed 3. in the frame column both sides; Because of the double T plate, structure is in full accord at this moment for many T box-girder list T plate; 2. suspention is provided with beam forms, and 4. 5. 6. the cage of reinforcement that beam is set has promptly constituted little plan cruciform bracing by the regulation disturbing concrete.Little plan cruciform bracing is formed " small draft frame structure " with large-span prestressed plate, frame column, longeron etc.The crossbeam reinforcing bar is a nonprestressed reinforcement, and is connected with the frame column reinforcing bar; The transverse structure handling reinforcement that is provided with on crossbeam inner panel top sets up the crossbeam reinforcing bar and is provided with the stirrup of reliable connection.But intend the interior filled and process EPS plate of Vierendeel girder to alleviate deadweight, save material.
Like Fig. 2, shown in 3; With hollowcore slab or trough slab or rectangular beam is example; After treating that 1. frame column is installed with frame rails, hollowcore slab or trough slab or rectangular beam are installed 3. in the frame column both sides, structure is in full accord at this moment because of hollowcore slab or trough slab or rectangular beam; 4. 5. 6. the cage of reinforcement that beam is set has promptly constituted little plan cruciform bracing by the regulation disturbing concrete.
As shown in Figure 4, be example with the hollow rectangle beam, treat that 1. frame column is installed with frame rails after, the hollow rectangle beam is installed 3. in the frame column both sides, 4. 5. 6. the cage of reinforcement that beam is set has promptly constituted little plan cruciform bracing by the regulation disturbing concrete.
As shown in Figure 5, be example with many T box-girder, treat that 1. frame column is installed with frame rails after, many T box-girder is installed 3. in the frame column both sides, 4. 5. 6. the cage of reinforcement that beam is set has promptly constituted little plan cruciform bracing by the regulation disturbing concrete.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out change and the modification on the various forms to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, belong within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof if of the present invention these are revised with modification, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.